CN108410557B - 一种具有超高润滑性能的钢管拉拔乳化油及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种具有超高润滑性能的钢管拉拔乳化油及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN108410557B
CN108410557B CN201810310651.9A CN201810310651A CN108410557B CN 108410557 B CN108410557 B CN 108410557B CN 201810310651 A CN201810310651 A CN 201810310651A CN 108410557 B CN108410557 B CN 108410557B
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CN108410557A (zh
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熊桑
王章忠
初雅杰
王珏
毛向阳
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Nanjing Institute of Technology
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种具有超高润滑性能的钢管拉拔乳化油及其制备方法；其中，该方法包括以下步骤：先将棕榈油和机械油N68放入转速为50‑120转/分钟反应釜中进行加热搅拌，当温度达到60‑80℃，再依次将油溶性纳米Fe3O4(2‑50nm)、含氮硼酸酯、二烷基二硫代磷酸锌、硬脂酸丁酯、C8‑C10混合醇、十二烷基苯磺酸钠和二巯基噻二唑加入到反应釜中，保温并持续搅拌60‑100分钟，随后温度降为70℃作用时，加入山梨糖醇酐油酸酯Span80、壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚、三乙醇胺、甲基硅油和五氯硝基苯，将搅拌机转速调到30转/分钟并保持搅拌30‑60分钟，随后停止加热继续搅拌至室温，即得到棕黄色透明均匀的焊接管拉拔乳化油。本发明产品易降解、防腐周期更长、退火清净性更好，同时可减少环境污染。

Description

一种具有超高润滑性能的钢管拉拔乳化油及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及润滑剂技术领域，用于不锈钢、高温合金等多种钢管冷拉拔过程中的润滑，尤其是焊接管，其具体的是一种具有超高润滑性能的钢管拉拔乳化油及其制备方法，可防止焊接管在冷拉拔过程中表面局部过热引起焊缝开裂、氧化变色并可保证成品表面光亮度的钢管拉拔乳化油。
背景技术
拉拔工艺是一种典型的塑性加工方法，在拉拔作用下通过模具孔芯减小金属加工材料的截面积，以获得高精度、高光洁度的线材或管材。在拉拔加工过程中，由于金属变形量大且不断产生新的摩擦面，需要润滑乳化油对金属和模具进行润滑、冷却。在如此巨大的挤压拉伸过程中，润滑乳化油起着至关重要的作用。目前，钢管拉拔润滑油存在润滑和冷却效果差的问题，钢管经过多次拉拔后，在拉拔管表面与孔芯边缘粘结大量的金属粉，导致两者之间的摩擦系数急剧增大，不但使拉拔工件表面光洁度、光亮度急剧降低，还加剧对模具的磨损，影响模具的使用寿命。近年来焊接钢管具有生产工艺简单、生产效率高、成本低、精度高、壁厚均匀、可任意定尺等优点而快速发展，但是焊接管却没有匹配的润滑油，在拉拔焊接钢管时经常发生由于钢管或模具局部过热而引起焊缝开裂的质量问题。此外，目前使用的拉拔润滑油不易清洗，对拉拔钢管后道工序热处理和退火质量都将产生不良影响。
因此，随着市场对钢管拉拔产品质量和加工工艺要求的提高，清洁环保的工艺在生产过程中应用技术的广泛关注，对钢管拉拔润滑技术提出了更高的要求，研制出一种具有超高润滑性能、良好的冷却与防锈性能，并且在冷拉拔焊接管过程中对管材的焊缝和热影响区的影响很小的乳化油，为多种金属管拉拔生产高表面质量的管材提供参考依据。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种具有超高润滑性能、良好的冷却与防锈性能的钢管拉拔乳化油，可用于不锈钢、高温合金等多种钢管冷拉拔过程中的润滑，尤其是焊接管，是一种可防止焊接管在冷拉拔过程中表面局部过热引起焊缝开裂、氧化变色并可保证成品表面光亮度的钢管拉拔乳化油。
为实现上述目的，一方面，本发明提供一种具有超高润滑性能的钢管拉拔乳化油，该钢管拉拔乳化油选择具有摩擦学性能优良及一定的表面修复功能的油溶性纳米Fe3O4、含氮硼酸酯和二烷基二硫代磷酸锌作为极压剂，选用硬脂酸丁酯和C8-C10混合醇作为油性剂，山梨糖醇酐油酸酯Span80、壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚和三乙醇胺作为乳化剂，十二烷基苯磺酸钠和二巯基噻二唑作为防锈剂，甲基硅油作为消泡剂，五氯硝基苯作为杀菌剂，棕榈油和机械油N68作为基础油，其中油溶性纳米Fe3O4：含氮硼酸酯：二烷基二硫代磷酸锌重量百分比为1:2:1～2:1:3，硬脂酸丁酯：C8-C10混合醇重量百分比为1:2～3:1，山梨糖醇酐油酸酯Span80：壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚：三乙醇胺重量百分比为3:1:1～1:3:5，十二烷基苯磺酸钠：二巯基噻二唑重量百分比为1:3～3:1，棕榈油：机械油N68重量百分比为2:1～1:3，配制成具有超高润滑性能、良好的冷却与防锈性能的钢管拉拔乳化油。
一种具有超高润滑性能的钢管拉拔乳化油，其主要组分及所占重量百分比如下。
序号 组分名称 重量百分比(100％)
1 油溶性纳米Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>(2-50nm) 0.2-1.5
2 含氮硼酸酯 0.4-3.0
3 二烷基二硫代磷酸锌 0.2-4.5
4 硬脂酸丁酯 3.0-10.0
5 C8-C10混合醇 3.0-8.0
6 山梨糖醇酐油酸酯Span80 2.0-6.0
7 壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚 2.0-6.0
8 三乙醇胺 2.0-10.0
9 十二烷基苯磺酸钠 0.1-3.0
10 二巯基噻二唑 0.1-2.0
11 五氯硝基苯 0.1-3.0
12 甲基硅油 0.1-4.0
13 棕榈油 6.0-18.0
14 机械油N68 余量
另一方面，本发明提供了一种具有超高润滑性能的钢管拉拔乳化油的制作方法，该钢管拉拔乳化油的制作方法按如下步骤进行：先将计算量的棕榈油和机械油N68放入转速为50-120转/分钟反应釜中进行加热搅拌，当温度达到60-80℃，再依次将计算量的油溶性纳米Fe3O4(2-50nm)、含氮硼酸酯、二烷基二硫代磷酸锌、硬脂酸丁酯、C8-C10混合醇、十二烷基苯磺酸钠和二巯基噻二唑加入到反应釜中，保温并持续搅拌60-100分钟，随后温度降为70℃作用时，加入计算量的山梨糖醇酐油酸酯Span80、壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚、三乙醇胺、甲基硅油和五氯硝基苯，将搅拌机转速调到30转/分钟并保持搅拌30-60分钟，随后停止加热继续搅拌至室温，即得到棕黄色透明均匀的钢管拉拔乳化油。
本发明制备的钢管拉拔乳化油使用简单、操作方便，在钢管拉拔的制造与生产过程中无毒无刺激性气味，提供了一种安全、环境友好的工作环境。本发明同现有技术相比，其有如下优点：
1.乳化油各组分分子均具有很强的物理、化学吸附能力，在拉拔过程中分子在金属表面吸附牢固，并在钢管和模具之间形成均匀连续、完整的润滑油膜，使拉拔钢管与模具之间具有超高的润滑性能，可保证拉拔钢管表面具有符合标准的光洁度、光亮度，同时减少了对模具的磨损，延长了模具的使用寿命；
2.乳化油具有很好的冷却效果，满足高速拉拔的要求，可有效防止钢管与模具钢芯的烧结、熔粘或抓结，也可防止金属局部过热而引起焊接管焊缝开裂或断管的质量问题，同时又可提高每次减径率及径向拉拔增长率，提高了拉拔钢管产品的生产效率；
3.钢管拉拔乳化油是棕黄色透明均匀油状物，其乳化性能稳定，添加有杀菌剂，不易变质，使用6个月时间，无毒无害无恶臭气味，利于环保，不会影响操作人员的身体健康；且易于从拉拔后的钢管表面上除掉，对拉拔管后道工序(热处理和退火)质量无任何不良影响。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本发明进一步描述：
一、配方及生产方法
1、实施例1
实施例1配方见下表：
序号 组分名称 重量(Kg)
1 油溶性纳米Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>(2-50nm) 2
2 含氮硼酸酯 4
3 二烷基二硫代磷酸锌 2
4 硬脂酸丁酯 30
5 C8-C10混合醇 30
6 山梨糖醇酐油酸酯Span80 20
7 壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚 20
8 三乙醇胺 20
9 十二烷基苯磺酸钠 3
10 二巯基噻二唑 3
11 五氯硝基苯 3
12 甲基硅油 3
13 棕榈油 120
14 机械油N68 740
生产方法：按上表的各组分重量配方，先将120kg棕榈油和740kg机械油N68放入转速为50-120转/分钟反应釜中进行加热搅拌，当温度达到60-80℃，再依次将2kg油溶性纳米Fe3O4(2-50nm)、4kg含氮硼酸酯、2kg二烷基二硫代磷酸锌、30kg硬脂酸丁酯、30kgC8-C10混合醇、3kg十二烷基苯磺酸钠和3kg二巯基噻二唑加入到反应釜中，保温并持续搅拌60-100分钟，随后温度降为70℃作用时，加入20kg山梨糖醇酐油酸酯Span80、20kg壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚、20kg三乙醇胺、3kg甲基硅油和3kg五氯硝基苯，将搅拌机转速调到30转/分钟并保持搅拌30-60分钟，随后停止加热继续搅拌至室温，即得到棕黄色透明均匀的钢管拉拔乳化油。
2、实施例2
生产方法同实施例1，组分名称及其重量百分比见下表：
序号 组分名称 重量百分比(100％)
1 油溶性纳米Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>(2-50nm) 10
2 含氮硼酸酯 20
3 二烷基二硫代磷酸锌 30
4 硬脂酸丁酯 60
5 C8-C10混合醇 80
6 山梨糖醇酐油酸酯Span80 50
7 壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚 40
8 三乙醇胺 80
9 十二烷基苯磺酸钠 20
10 二巯基噻二唑 15
11 五氯硝基苯 30
12 甲基硅油 25
13 棕榈油 150
14 机械油N68 390
生产方法：按上表的各组分重量配方，先将150kg棕榈油和390kg机械油N68放入转速为50-120转/分钟反应釜中进行加热搅拌，当温度达到60-80℃，再依次将10kg油溶性纳米Fe3O4(2-50nm)、20kg含氮硼酸酯、30kg二烷基二硫代磷酸锌、60kg硬脂酸丁酯、80kgC8-C10混合醇、20kg十二烷基苯磺酸钠和15kg二巯基噻二唑加入到反应釜中，保温并持续搅拌60-100分钟，随后温度降为70℃作用时，加入50kg山梨糖醇酐油酸酯Span80、40kg壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚、80kg三乙醇胺、25kg甲基硅油和30kg五氯硝基苯，将搅拌机转速调到30转/分钟并保持搅拌30-60分钟，随后停止加热继续搅拌至室温，即得到棕黄色透明均匀的钢管拉拔乳化油。
3、实施例3
实施例3配方见下表：
序号 组分名称 重量百分比(100％)
1 油溶性纳米Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>(2-50nm) 15
2 含氮硼酸酯 30
3 二烷基二硫代磷酸锌 45
4 硬脂酸丁酯 100
5 C8-C10混合醇 80
6 山梨糖醇酐油酸酯Span80 60
7 壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚 60
8 三乙醇胺 100
9 十二烷基苯磺酸钠 30
10 二巯基噻二唑 20
11 五氯硝基苯 30
12 甲基硅油 40
13 棕榈油 180
14 机械油N68 210
生产方法：按上表的各组分重量配方，先将180kg棕榈油和210kg机械油N68放入转速为50-120转/分钟反应釜中进行加热搅拌，当温度达到60-80℃，再依次将15kg油溶性纳米Fe3O4(2-50nm)、30kg含氮硼酸酯、45kg二烷基二硫代磷酸锌、100kg硬脂酸丁酯、80kgC8-C10混合醇、30kg十二烷基苯磺酸钠和20kg二巯基噻二唑加入到反应釜中，保温并持续搅拌60-100分钟，随后温度降为70℃作用时，加入60kg山梨糖醇酐油酸酯Span80、60kg壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚、100kg三乙醇胺、40kg甲基硅油和30kg五氯硝基苯，将搅拌机转速调到30转/分钟并保持搅拌30-60分钟，随后停止加热继续搅拌至室温，即得到棕黄色透明均匀的钢管拉拔乳化油。
二、制得的产品性能指标如下：
Figure BDA0001622246530000081
以上所述之实施例只为本发明的较佳施例，并非以此限制本发明的实施范围，故凡依本发明之组分重量百分比，方法及原理所作的等效变化，均应含盖于本发明的保护范围。

Claims (2)

1.一种具有超高润滑性能的钢管拉拔乳化油，其特征在于，选择具有摩擦学性能优良及一定的表面修复功能的2-50nm油溶性纳米Fe3O4、含氮硼酸酯和二烷基二硫代磷酸锌作为极压剂，选用硬脂酸丁酯和C8-C10混合醇作为油性剂，山梨糖醇酐油酸酯Span80、壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚和三乙醇胺作为乳化剂，十二烷基苯磺酸钠和二巯基噻二唑作为防锈剂，甲基硅油作为消泡剂，五氯硝基苯作为杀菌剂，棕榈油和机械油N68作为基础油，配制成具有超高润滑性能、易降解、良好的冷却与防锈性能的钢管拉拔乳化油；
其中，具体主要组分及所占重量百分比如下：油溶性纳米Fe3O4：0.2-1.5%，含氮硼酸酯：0.4-3.0%，二烷基二硫代磷酸锌：0.2-4.5%，硬脂酸丁酯：3.0-10.0%，C8-C10混合醇：3.0-8.0%，山梨糖醇酐油酸酯Span80：2.0-6.0%，壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚：2.0-6.0%，三乙醇胺：2.0-10.0%，十二烷基苯磺酸钠：0.1-3.0%，二巯基噻二唑：0.1-2.0%，五氯硝基苯：0.1-3.0%，甲基硅油：0.1-4.0%，棕榈油：6.0-18.0%，余量为机械油N68。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种具有超高润滑性能的钢管拉拔乳化油的制作方法，其特征在于：先将计算量的棕榈油和机械油N68放入转速为50-120转/分钟反应釜中进行加热搅拌，当温度达到60-80℃，再依次将计算量的油溶性纳米Fe3O4、含氮硼酸酯、二烷基二硫代磷酸锌、硬脂酸丁酯、C8-C10混合醇、十二烷基苯磺酸钠和二巯基噻二唑加入到反应釜中，保温并持续搅拌60-100分钟，随后温度为70℃左右时，依次加入计算量的山梨糖醇酐油酸酯Span80、壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚、三乙醇胺、甲基硅油和五氯硝基苯，将搅拌机转速调到30转/分钟并保持搅拌30-60分钟，随后停止加热继续搅拌至室温，即得到棕黄色透明均匀的钢管拉拔乳化油。
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