CN108323381B

CN108323381B - Method for planting phyllostachys praecox

Info

Publication number: CN108323381B
Application number: CN201810190415.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张春梅
Original assignee: Chongqing Suiren Ecological Agriculture Development Co ltd
Current assignee: Chongqing Suiren Ecological Agriculture Development Co ltd
Priority date: 2018-03-08
Filing date: 2018-03-08
Publication date: 2020-06-02
Anticipated expiration: 2038-03-08
Also published as: CN108323381A

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for planting phyllostachys praecox, which comprises the following steps: A. preparing soil, namely selecting a region of loam for preparing soil, preparing the soil in a deep ploughing and full-tillage mode, and adding base soil; B. selecting two-year-old phyllostachys praecox with diameter of 2-4cm, diameter of breast height of 2-4cm, and diameter of soil ball of 38-42cm as mother bamboo; C. planting, wherein the planting time is 12 months, the planting density is 110 plants/mu, the plant row spacing is 2m multiplied by 2m, the hole length of a mother bamboo hole is 60cm, the width is 40cm, the depth is 40cm, and the hole bottom is flat; D. the method comprises the following steps of (1) fostering young phyllostachys praecox forest, loosening soil at least 2 times every year, wherein the first depth is 30-35cm, the second depth is 13-18cm, fertilizing is performed 3 times every year, the first time is arranged in 5-6 months, the second time is arranged before and after albugo, the third time is arranged in 1 month of the next year, when new bamboos are kept, 1-2 new bamboos are kept for each mother bamboo, and one quarter of column tips are cut off in time. The scheme solves the problem of survival rate of the phyllostachys praecox planting, and obtains higher economic benefit.

Description

Method for planting phyllostachys praecox

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of crop planting, in particular to a method for planting phyllostachys praecox.

Background

The phyllostachys praecox, also known as the phyllostachys praecox and the phyllostachys praecox, also known as the phyllostachys praecox, is a good bamboo species for bamboo shoots in China and belongs to the bamboo species of the phyllostachys of the bamboo subfamily of Gramineae. The phyllostachys praecox grows mainly in Zhejiang and Yangtze triangle areas, and with the development of science and technology, the areas for planting phyllostachys praecox are gradually increased. Among all bamboo shoot varieties, the bamboo shoots grow earliest, and the bamboo shoots in the season can be cultured before and after the Ming festival for people to eat.

The phyllostachys praecox is an excellent bamboo seed for bamboo shoots, is classified as a first-class environment-friendly green vegetable due to low crude fiber content and high protein content, has developed root systems, can prevent water and soil loss, protect farmland reservoirs, beautify the environment, green barren mountains, and perfectly combine economic benefits, social benefits and ecological benefits. However, the existing phyllostachys praecox cultivation technology is imperfect, so that the survival rate of the phyllostachys praecox is low, and higher economic benefit cannot be obtained.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a phyllostachys praecox planting method, which aims to solve the problem of survival rate of phyllostachys praecox planting and obtain higher economic benefit.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the method for planting the phyllostachys praecox comprises the following steps:

A. preparing soil, namely selecting a region of loam for preparing soil, preparing the soil in a deep ploughing and full-tillage mode, and adding base soil;

B. selecting mother bamboo, and selecting two-year-old phyllostachys praecox with diameter of 2-4cm, diameter of breast height of 2-4cm, and diameter of soil ball of 38-42cm as mother bamboo;

C. planting, wherein the planting time is 12 months, the planting density is 110 plants/mu, the row spacing of the plants is 2m multiplied by 2m, the length of a hole for planting mother bamboos is 60cm, the width is 40cm, the depth is 40cm, the bottom of the hole is flat, when planting, the penis direction is noticed, a penis expanding room is left in the penis removing direction of the mother bamboos, the penis and soil are tightly connected, and when fertilizing, watering and fertilizing are combined;

D. the method comprises the following steps of (1) fostering young phyllostachys praecox forest, loosening soil at least 2 times every year, arranging fertilization 3 times every year in 5-6 months and 30-35cm deep, arranging phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer mainly in 9-10 months and 13-18cm deep in 9-10 months, arranging fertilization 3 times every year in 5-6 months, arranging new bamboos in the next year in the first time, arranging 1-2 new bamboos in each mother bamboo before and after white dew in the second time and arranging new bamboos in the next 1 month, and cutting off one fourth of column tips in time.

When the technical scheme is adopted, in the step A, loam is selected because the loam has good performances of ventilation, water permeability, water retention and heat preservation, drought and waterlogging resistance, strong stress resistance, wide adaptability and long ploughing period, is suitable for the growth of the phyllostachys praecox, is beneficial to the survival of the phyllostachys praecox and the penis of the phyllostachys praecox, and has opposite indexes of clay, is not beneficial to the survival and penis of the phyllostachys praecox, thus playing an important role in the later-stage forestation of the phyllostachys praecox; soil preparation is carried out in a deep ploughing and full reclamation mode, and soil is added, so that the physical and chemical properties of soil are favorably changed, the discharge of accumulated water in a forest is favorably realized, the survival rate, the length of a bamboo stick and the rate of the bamboo stick are improved, and the bamboo shoot rate and the bamboo yield of the phyllostachys praecox are further improved. In the step B, the two-year-old mother bamboos have developed maturity in morphology and physiological functions and are functional bamboos in the population. The bamboo penis of the two-year-old female bamboo is in the strong stage, the penis roots and the penis buds are more, the development is vigorous, the afforestation survival rate, the bamboo shoot yield and the bamboo yield are high, and the bamboo can be grown earlier; the mother bamboos with the diameter of 2-4cm are selected because the mother bamboos are not suitable for being too thick and too thin, the mother bamboos are thick and high in branching, and are easy to shake by wind, the afforestation survival rate is reduced, thick mother bamboo rhizome roots are deeply distributed, the digging and the transportation are difficult, the damage to the mother bamboos is large, and the thin phyllostachys praecox is poor in growth, and the rhizome development and the afforestation are slow; the mother bamboos with the diameter at breast height of 2-4cm are stronger and are generally superior variety bamboos, and the diameter of soil balls is 38-42cm, so that the roots of the mother bamboos can be protected to the maximum degree, and the survival rate of the mother bamboos is improved. In the step C, the phyllostachys praecox is planted in 12 months, because the physiological activities of the phyllostachys praecox are in a semi-dormant state and the soil temperature is proper, the healing of the root wound of the female bamboo rhizome and the running of the bamboo shoot are facilitated after the phyllostachys praecox is planted, and the survival rate of the bamboo shoot is high; the planting density is 110 plants/mu, and the plant row spacing is 2m multiplied by 2m, so that the spacing between the mother bamboos is more reasonable, the mother bamboos are prevented from being too dense or too thin, and the growth of the mother bamboos is facilitated; the depth of the hole is 40cm, is slightly deeper than the existing planting depth by 3-5cm, can enable the mother bamboo to be fixed more stably, and the depth of the hole is not more than 40cm, because the growth point of the bamboo is on the penis bud, the penis root and the penis bud both need to breathe and both need air and are planted too deep, the air in the soil is insufficient, the nutrients are less, the soil is hard, and in addition, the underground water level of some places is higher, the bamboo rhizome is suffocated in the soil due to insufficient air, rotten buds and rotten penis are caused, the penis and bamboo shoot do not occur for a long time after the mother bamboo is planted, the afforestation fails, the bottom of the hole is flat, and because the root disc of the mother bamboo is flat, if the bottom of the hole is not flat, a gap is easily formed between the root disc of the mother bamboo and the bottom of the hole, the penis and root withering, and the survival; when the plants are planted, the penis orientation is noticed, if the penis orientation is not noticed during planting, the closing speed of the forest can be influenced, and the land utilization rate is reduced; when the bamboos are planted, the bamboos are tight and loose from bottom to top, the whips and the earth are tightly connected, particularly, no gap is left at the lower part of the root disc, the bamboos are compacted from top to bottom in layers, and the earth is cultivated into steamed bread type to fix the bamboos and avoid water accumulation; watering and fertilizing are combined, so that the fertilizer is favorably absorbed by the mother bamboos and is favorably grown. In the step D, the temperature is not too high in the 5-6 months and the 9-10 months, and rainwater is more in the time period, so that rainwater can be supplemented in time, the evaporation of water in the earth surface in the soil loosening process is reduced, and the growth of mother bamboos is facilitated; the dew solar terms generally have 1-2 days of rain, and can permeate the fertilizer which is spread to the deep position of a deep-ploughed soil layer, so that the selection of fertilization at the time is more favorable; when new bamboos are kept, digging the bamboo shoots in a bamboo shoot dredging mode from the second year, and keeping the bamboo shoots far away and digging the bamboo shoots near; strong and weak; the bamboo shoots are thin and densely dug, and the bamboo shoots are thinned, so that the quality of mother bamboo for keeping good can be improved, the growth of underground rhizome can be promoted, the income of bamboo shoots can be increased, and multiple purposes can be achieved; one quarter of the bamboo shoots are cut off because of the reduction of water evaporation, the enhancement of drought resistance and the promotion of the growth of the penis roots.

Further, in the step A, the soil is prepared in a mode of deeply ploughing 40cm and fully reclaiming 20cm and adding base soil to form a slope of 15 degrees. Through experimental research, the land preparation mode of the phyllostachys praecox planting adopts a full cultivation mode of 20cm deep ploughed by 40cm and a land preparation mode of 15-degree slope by adding base soil to afforest the best effect.

Further, in the step C, root fixing water is poured after the mother bamboos are planted. The mother bamboos need to be watered with enough root fixing water after being planted, on one hand, the requirement of the growth of the phyllostachys praecox on water can be met, on the other hand, the soil can sink after being watered, so that the mother bamboo rhizome roots can be in full contact with the soil, and the phenomenon that the phyllostachys praecox rhizome soaks is further avoided.

Further, in the step D, fertilization is carried out within the range of 35.56-62.3cm by taking the phyllostachys praecox mother bamboos as a center during fertilization. Through experimental research and analysis, the farthest distance between the new bamboo and the mother bamboo is 62.3cm, and the nearest distance between the new bamboo and the mother bamboo is 35.56cm, so that the fertilizer is applied in the range, the utilization rate of the fertilizer can be improved, and the fertilizer waste can be prevented.

And step C, digging trenches with the width of 20cm and the depth of 20cm on the flat ground, wherein the distance between the trenches is 10-20m, and digging trenches with the width and the depth of 30cm at intervals of 1m at the depression positions at intervals of 4-5 m. Therefore, the underground water level is reduced according to the topography of flat ground and depression, the flooding is reduced, and the growth of the mother bamboos is facilitated.

And further, in the step C, 24-26 kg of organic fertilizer is applied to each hole, so that the growth of the mother bamboos is facilitated.

And further, in the step C, 24-26 kg of compound fertilizer is applied to each hole, and 150-250 g of water is added to the holes, so that the growth of the mother bamboos is facilitated.

Further, in step D, the proportion of nitrogen for the first fertilization: phosphorus: potassium is 4:4:2, and 100% of nitrogen fertilizer is applied for the third time. The third time is to promote the growth of the bamboo shoots, thereby being beneficial to the growth of the bamboo shoots.

And further, in the step D, a compound fertilizer with the nitrogen, the phosphorus and the potassium in a ratio of 2:1:1 is applied for the second time, so that the growth of the mother bamboos is facilitated.

Further, in the step D, the mixed fertilizer with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in a ratio of 4:2:1 is applied for the second time, so that the growth of the mother bamboos is facilitated.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a soil-piling device

Fig. 2 is a left side view of fig. 1.

Detailed Description

The following is further detailed by way of specific embodiments:

reference numerals in the drawings of the specification include: the soil-working machine comprises front wheels 1, a fixing plate 2, a fixing box 3, a soil-turning wheel 4, rear wheels 5, a first rotating shaft 6, a first fixing rod 7, a third fixing rod 8, a second fixing rod 9, a transverse plate 10, a sliding plate 11, a first soil-piling hole 12, a second soil-piling hole 13, a fixing block 14, a rotating rod 15, a sliding frame 16, a vertical plate 17, a rotating column 18, a cam 19, a supporting rod 20 and a soil-piling plate 21.

Example 1

Example 1 is substantially as shown in figures 1 to 2 of the accompanying drawings:

the method for planting the phyllostachys praecox comprises the following steps:

A. preparing soil, selecting a region of loam for preparing soil, deeply ploughing for 40cm, fully cultivating for 20cm, adding base soil, preparing the soil in a 15-degree slope mode, and when the soil is built, using a soil building device for building the soil;

the earth-building device is shown in fig. 1 and 2. As shown in fig. 1, soil-piling device, which comprises a frame, first dead lever 7, second dead lever 9 and third dead lever 8 are welded in the frame, first dead lever 7 is located on the right side of second dead lever 9, third dead lever 8 is located between first dead lever 7 and second dead lever 9, the right-hand member of first dead lever 7 rotates and is connected with two front wheels 1, the left end of second dead lever 9 rotates and is connected with two rear wheels 5, the right-hand member of third dead lever 8 rotates and is connected with soil-turning wheel 4, the soil-turning claw is arranged on soil-turning wheel 4, and the soil-turning claw uses the centre of a circle of soil-turning wheel 4 as the center and is distributed clockwise. Two fixing plates 2 are arranged between the soil turning wheel 4 and the rear wheel 5, a fixing box 3 is arranged on each fixing plate 2, and a soil stacking mechanism is arranged in each fixing box 3. As shown in fig. 2, the fixing plates 2 on both sides incline to the left and right, the tops of the two fixing plates 2 are close to each other, the bottoms of the two fixing plates 2 are far away from each other, a transverse plate 10 is welded between the tops of the two fixing plates 2, the top end of the second fixing rod 9 is welded on the transverse plate 10, a first rotating shaft 6 is connected between the two rear wheels 5, and the first rotating shaft 6 is rotatably connected with the bottom end of the second fixing rod 9 through a bearing. In a similar way, a second rotating shaft is also connected between the two front wheels 1, the second rotating shaft is also connected with the bottom end of the first fixing rod 7 in a rotating mode through a bearing, the bottom end of the third fixing rod 8 is connected with a third rotating shaft in a rotating mode through a bearing, the number of the soil turning wheels 4 is six, and the soil turning wheels 4 are welded on the third rotating shaft. The soil-piling mechanism in the fixed box 3 comprises a sliding plate 11 which is connected onto the fixed plate 2 in a sliding manner, a supporting rod 20 which is perpendicular to the fixed plate 2 is welded onto the fixed plate 2, one end, far away from the fixed plate 2, of the supporting rod 20 is connected with a cam 19, and the small end of the cam 19 is rotatably connected onto the supporting rod 20. The top welding of slide 11 has fixed block 14, is connected with dwang 15 on the fixed block 14 through the round pin axle rotation, and the bottom welding of dwang 15 has "door" font slide frame 16, and the inner wall and the cam 19 sliding connection of slide frame 16. The sliding plate 11 is welded with a vertical plate 17 perpendicular to the sliding plate 11, the vertical plate 17 is provided with a waist hole, the large end of the cam 19 is welded with a rotating column 18, and the rotating column 18 is connected in the waist hole in a sliding manner. A first soil-piling hole 12 is formed on the fixed plate 2, a second soil-piling hole 13 is formed on the sliding plate 11, the second soil-piling hole 13 is communicated with the first soil-piling hole 12, and a soil-piling plate 21 capable of penetrating through the first soil-piling hole 12 and the second soil-piling hole 13 is welded at the bottom of the sliding frame 16. In addition, a driving mechanism for driving the front wheel 1, the rear wheel 5 and the soil turning wheel 4 to rotate and a motor for driving the cam 19 to rotate around the connecting point of the cam 19 and the supporting rod 20 are also arranged on the frame. Thereby actuating mechanism rotates through drive front wheel 1, rear wheel 5 and drives native device of building forward, and this kind of actuating mechanism extensively uses on the car, and the technique is more mature, belongs to prior art, and the concrete structure of the event actuating mechanism no longer gives details.

After deep ploughing and full reclamation, the device is used for soil building, the driving mechanism and the motor are started, the driving mechanism drives the front wheel 1, the rear wheel 5 and the soil turning wheel 4 to rotate clockwise, the front wheel 1 and the rear wheel 5 rotate to drive the local soil building device to move forward, and during driving, soil turning claws on the soil turning wheel 4 are distributed clockwise by taking the circle center of the soil turning wheel 4 as the center, and the soil turning wheel 4 rotates clockwise, so when the soil turning wheel 4 rotates, the soil turning claws shovel the soil on the ground between the soil turning claws and the soil turning wheel 4, and the soil in the soil turning claws is transferred to the lower part of the fixed plate 2 along with the rotation of the soil turning wheel 4, so that the soil below the fixed plate 2 is increased, sufficient soil is provided for the soil building mechanism, and the soil building mechanism can build soil conveniently. Meanwhile, the motor drives the cam 19 to rotate around the connection point between the cam 19 and the support rod 20, and because the small end of the cam 19 is rotatably connected with the support rod 20 and the cam 19 is slidably connected in the sliding frame 16, when the cam 19 rotates, the cam 19 drives the sliding frame 16 to swing up and down, so that the sliding frame 16 rotates on the fixed block 14 around the connection point between the rotating rod 15 and the fixed block 14 through the rotating rod 15. When the sliding frame 16 swings up and down, the sliding frame 16 drives the soil blocking plate 21 to swing along with the sliding frame 16, so that the soil blocking plate 21 is inserted into and separated from the first soil blocking hole 12 and the second soil blocking hole 13. Because the rotary column 18 is slidably connected in the waist hole, when the rotary column 18 rotates along with the cam 19, the rotary column 18 abuts against the waist hole so as to drive the sliding plate 11 to slide up and down along the fixed plate 2 through the vertical plate 17. When the sliding plate 11 slides upwards along the fixed plate 2, at this time, the soil-blocking plate 21 is just inserted into the first soil-blocking hole 12 and the second soil-blocking hole 13, so as to be inserted into the soil provided by the soil-turning wheel 4, and the soil is made to slide upwards by the soil-blocking plate 21, so that soil blocking is achieved. When the sliding plate 11 slides downwards along the fixing plate 2, at this time, the soil blocking plate 21 is just positioned at the outer side of the first soil blocking hole 12 and the second soil blocking hole 13, so that the soil blocking plate 21 does not pass through the first soil blocking hole 12 and the second soil blocking hole 13, thereby preventing the soil blocking plate 21 from being inserted into the soil to drive the soil to slide downwards, and ensuring the shape of the soil blocking. Therefore, the device has the following advantages: 1. the soil is built without manual work, the automation degree is high, the operation is simple and convenient, and the labor intensity is reduced. 2. In the soil piling process, the soil turning wheels 4 can turn the soil in front to the lower part of the fixing plate 2, so that the soil below the fixing plate 2 is increased, sufficient soil is provided for soil piling, the soil piling mechanism can conveniently pile the soil, and the soil piling height is ensured. 3. When the sliding plate 11 slides downwards along the fixing plate 2, at this time, the soil blocking plate 21 is just positioned at the outer side of the first soil blocking hole 12 and the second soil blocking hole 13, so that the soil blocking plate 21 does not pass through the first soil blocking hole 12 and the second soil blocking hole 13, thereby preventing the soil blocking plate 21 from being inserted into the soil to drive the soil to slide downwards, ensuring the shape of the blocked soil and preventing the soil blocking plate 21 from damaging the already blocked soil.

B. Selecting mother bamboos, wherein the mother bamboos are grown for two years, and the diameter of the mother bamboos is 2cm, the diameter of the breast diameter is 2cm, the diameter of soil balls is 38cm, and the mother bamboos are strong in growth, uniform in internode, low in branch, free of diseases and insect pests and free of flowering branches;

C. planting, wherein the planting time is 12 months, furrows with the width of 20cm and the depth of 20cm are dug on flat ground, the distance between the furrows is 10m, if the furrows meet depression, furrows with the width of 1m are dug at intervals of 4m, the width and the depth of the furrows are both 30cm, the planting density is controlled at 110 plants/mu, the plant row spacing is 2m multiplied by 2m, the length of each hole for planting mother bamboos is 60cm, the width of each hole is 40cm, the depth of each hole is 40cm, the hole bottom is flat, and 24 kg of organic fertilizer is applied to each hole. Or 24 kg of compound fertilizer is applied to each hole, 150 g of compound fertilizer is watered, when the mother bamboos are planted, the penis direction is noticed, a space for penis expansion is reserved in the penis removing direction of the mother bamboos, penis and soil are tightly connected, root water is poured after the mother bamboos are planted, and when the mother bamboos are fertilized, watering and fertilizing are carried out in a combined manner;

D. the method comprises the following steps of (1) fostering young phyllostachys praecox forest, loosening soil at least 2 times every year, arranging 3 fertilization times every year in 5-6 months and 30cm deep, arranging 9-10 months and 13cm deep, and fertilizing within 35.56cm by taking mother phyllostachys praecox as a center, wherein the first fertilization is performed in 5-6 months and is performed according to the proportion of nitrogen: phosphorus: the ratio of potassium to phosphate fertilizer is 4:4:2, phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer are used as main materials, the fertilizer is applied before or after the white dew for the second time, the fertilizer is a compound fertilizer with the ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus to potassium being 2:1:1, or the fertilizer is a mixed fertilizer with the ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus to potassium being 4:2:1, the fertilizer is applied for the third time in the month of 1 month of the next year, 100% of nitrogen fertilizer is applied for the third time, 1-2 new bamboos are kept for each mother bamboo when the new bamboos are kept, and one quarter of column tips are cut off in time.

Example 2

Example 2 is different from example 1 in that, in step B, the diameter of mother bamboo is 3cm, the breast diameter is 3cm, and the diameter of soil ball is 40 cm. And C, in the step C, the distance between the ditches is 15m, if depression occurs, 1m ditches are dug at intervals of 4.5m, and 25 kg of organic fertilizer is applied to each hole. Or 25 kg of compound fertilizer is applied to each hole, and 200 g of water is watered. And D, loosening the soil at least 2 times every year, wherein the soil is loosened for the first time in 5-6 months and is arranged at the depth of 33cm, and the soil is loosened for the second time in 9-10 months and is arranged at the depth of 15 cm. When fertilizing, the mother bamboo of the phyllostachys praecox is taken as the center, and the fertilizing is carried out within the range of 50 cm.

Example 3

Example 3 differs from example 1 in that in step B, the diameter of the mother bamboo is 4cm, the breast diameter is 4cm, and the diameter of the soil ball is 42 cm. And C, in the step C, the distance between the ditches is 20m, if depression is encountered, 1m ditches are dug at intervals of 5m, and 26 kg of organic fertilizer is applied to each hole. Or 26 kg of compound fertilizer is applied to each hole, and 250 g of water is watered. And D, loosening the soil at least 2 times every year, wherein the soil is loosened for the first time in 5-6 months and is arranged between 35cm in depth, and the soil is loosened for the second time in 9-10 months and is arranged between 18cm in depth. When fertilizing, the mother bamboo of the phyllostachys praecox is used as the center, and the fertilizing is carried out within the range of 62.3 cm.

Key technical test for bamboo plantation

The research mode is as follows: seven content researches of a afforestation and soil preparation mode test, a selection test of planting seasons, a selection test of underground bamboo rhizome length of the phyllostachys praecox mother bamboo, a selection test of breast diameter size of the phyllostachys praecox mother bamboo, a phyllostachys praecox planting density test, a afforestation test of the phyllostachys praecox mother bamboo of different ages, a soil property of the phyllostachys praecox forest and a fertilization mode test are carried out in a project area.

The measurement indexes mainly comprise: the survival rate (%) of mother bamboos, the length (cm) of the line penis, the number (number) of the bamboo shoots produced by a single plant, the rate (%) of the line penis, the rate (%) of the bamboo shoots produced, the bamboo shoot formation rate (%) of the bamboo shoots and the like.

The growth index calculation method comprises the following steps:

survival rate (%) < number of surviving mother bamboos/total number of mother bamboos

The ratio (%) of the number of the raw bamboo/the number of the survived raw bamboo

The bamboo shoot yield (%) is the number of the parent bamboo plants/the number of the surviving parent bamboo plants

The bamboo shoot yield (%) is the number of grown bamboo/number of grown bamboo

The bamboo shoot retreating rate (%) is the number of the bamboo shoots retreated/the total number of the bamboo shoots

The specific test is as follows:

test research of afforestation and soil preparation mode

Setting 24 fixed investigation sample plots, wherein each plot is 10m multiplied by 10m in area, each 8 plot is respectively corresponding to different land preparation modes (20 cm for full reclamation without deep ploughing, 40cm for full reclamation without building soil, 20cm for full reclamation without deep ploughing, and building soil with a slope of 15 degrees for adding and building soil), each plot is planted according to a plant row spacing of 2m multiplied by 3m, the specification of planted nursery stocks is 2 years old standing bamboos, the diameter of soil balls is 40cm, the breast height is 2-4cm, the length of next penis is 20cm, the penis is removed by 30cm and cut off, the position of the next penis is 5-7, and the length of the next penis, the line penis rate, the survival rate of bamboo seedlings, the soil moisture content and the soil volume weight of the thunberg planted by 3 different land preparation modes are measured in the first year; and measuring the number, the shoot rate, the bamboo yield and the diameter at breast height of the single plant in the next year.

Second, research on selection test of planting season

Setting 16 test sample plots, wherein each plot has an area of 10m multiplied by 10m, each 8 plot respectively corresponds to different planting time points (2016, 12 months and 2017, 6 months), each sample plot is planted according to a plant-row spacing of 2m multiplied by 3m, the specification of the planted nursery stock is 2 years old standing bamboo, the diameter of a soil ball is 40cm, the diameter of a breast diameter is 2-4cm, the length of an initial penis is 20cm, the penis is removed by 30cm, the standing bamboo is reserved by 5-7 grades, deep turning is adopted for full cultivation of 40cm for 20cm, the slope of the base soil is increased to 15 degrees, the survival rate of bamboo seedlings, the length of the penis and the penis row ratio are measured in the first year, and the number, the emergence rate, the bamboo yield and the bamboo diameter of a single plant are measured in the second year.

Third, Lei bamboo mother bamboo underground whip length selection test research

Because the length of the underground bamboo whip is not easy to measure, the size of the soil ball at the root of the vertical bamboo is used as the length test factor of the underground whip in the test. Setting 24 fixed survey sample plots, wherein each plot is 10m multiplied by 10m in area, each 8 plots respectively correspond to different mother bamboo soil ball sizes (the soil ball size diameter is 20cm, 40cm and 60cm respectively), the soil ball size diameter is 8 times of repetition, each plot is planted according to the plant row spacing of 2m multiplied by 3m, the planted seedling specification is 2-year-old vertical bamboos, the soil ball diameter is 2-4cm according to the test setting requirement, the diameter of the breast height is 2-4cm, the stem length is 20cm, the stem is removed by 30cm and cut off, the vertical bamboos are retained by 5-7 grades, the full cultivation of 20cm is carried out by deeply turning over 40cm, the slope is 15 degrees by adding base soil, and the line stem length, the survival rate and the line stem rate of the planted thundergar of 3 different seedling soil ball specifications are measured in; and measuring the number, the shoot rate, the bamboo yield and the diameter at breast height of the single plant in the next year.

Fourth, the study of the selection test of the diameter at breast height of the mother bamboo of Lei bamboo

Setting 24 fixed survey plots, wherein the area of each plot is 10m multiplied by 10m, each 8 plots correspond to different mother bamboo breast height sizes (the breast height sizes are respectively less than 2cm, 2-4cm and more than 5cm), the planting is repeated for 8 times, each plot is planted according to the row spacing of 2m multiplied by 3m, the specification of the planted nursery stock is 2-year old standing bamboo, the diameter of a soil ball is 40cm, the length of an incoming penis is 20cm, the penis is removed by 30cm, the breast height is 5-7 grades according to the test setting requirements, the standing bamboo is fully cultivated by 20cm after being deeply turned over for 40cm, and the slope of the base soil is 15 degrees.

And actually measuring the number of plants and the breast diameter of the whole forest. The observation is carried out in 5 months, and the measured items comprise the number of the shoot, the number of the new bamboo, the number of the reserved plants and the like. Investigating all the vertical bamboos in each sample plot in 12 months, then respectively selecting 3 vertical bamboos of the phyllostachys praecox standard, felling in level, separating stalks, branches and leaves of the sample bamboos, respectively measuring the fresh weight, then respectively taking mixed fresh samples (100 +/-0.5 g) of the stalks, the branches and the leaves, after deactivation of enzymes at 105 ℃, drying at 70 ℃ to constant weight, weighing by using an electronic balance with the sensing quantity of 0.01g, measuring and calculating the water content of the samples, and counting the biomass of each component.

Five, research of phyllostachys praecox planting density test

Setting 24 fixed survey plots, wherein the area of each plot is 10m multiplied by 10m, each 8 plots correspond to different afforestation densities (74 plants/mu, 110 plants/mu and 165 plants/mu), the planting is repeated for 8 times each treatment, the row spacing of each plot is planted according to the requirements set by the test, the specification of planted seedlings is 2-year-old standing bamboos, the diameter of soil balls is 40cm, the breast diameter is 2-4cm, the length of the starting penis is 20cm, the penis is removed by 30cm and cut off, the standing bamboos are kept at 5-7 grades, the deep turning over is adopted for full cultivation of 20cm, the base soil is added to form a slope of 15 degrees, and the afforestation cost, the length of the line penis and the rate of the line penis are analyzed in the first year; and measuring the number, the shoot rate, the bamboo yield and the diameter at breast height of the single plant in the next year.

Study on afforestation test of mother bamboos at different ages

The phyllostachys praecox planting comparison test is respectively carried out on the mother bamboos which grow for 1 year, 2 years and 3 years. Setting 24 fixed survey plots, wherein the area of each plot is 10m multiplied by 10m, the treatment is repeated for 8 plots, each plot is planted according to the plant row spacing of 2m multiplied by 3m, the soil balls are the same in size, the breast diameter is 2-4cm, the incoming penis is 20cm long, the penis is removed for 30cm and cut off, the standing bamboo is kept for 5-7 grades, and the soil preparation method adopts the steps of turning deeply for 40cm, fully cultivating for 20cm, and adding soil to form a slope of 15 degrees. Measuring the length, survival rate and penis stroke rate of the penis in the first year; and measuring the number, the shoot rate and the bamboo yield of the single plant in the next year.

Study on soil properties and fertilization mode of phyllostachys edulis and phyllostachys edulis forest

Setting up 32 fixed survey plots, each plot having an area of 10m × 10m, wherein 16 plots correspond to a single variable, i.e., different soils (loam and clay), and repeating the treatment 8 times; the other 16 blocks correspond to a single variable, i.e. different fertilization modes (fertilization and non-fertilization), respectively, and are repeated 8 times each time. Planting each sample plot according to the plant-line spacing of 2m multiplied by 3m, wherein the specification of the planted nursery stocks is 2 years old vertical bamboos, the diameter of soil balls is 40cm, the breast diameter is 2-4cm, the length of the coming bamboo is 20cm, the penis is removed by 30cm and cut off, the vertical bamboos are kept at 5-7 steps, deep ploughing is carried out for 20cm, the soil is added to form a slope of 15 degrees, and the physical and chemical properties of the soil, the survival rate, the penis length, the bamboo shoot rate, the number of single-plant bamboo shoots, the bamboo shoot rate and the breast diameter of new bamboos are analyzed.

Conclusion of the experiment

The project integrates 7 comparison tests and combines with verification test research, and the following research conclusions can be obtained through analysis and summary:

1. the land preparation mode of planting the phyllostachys praecox adopts a land preparation mode of deeply ploughing 40cm and fully cultivating 20cm and adding the base soil to form a slope of 15 degrees, so that the afforestation effect is the best, the physicochemical property of the soil is favorably changed, the discharge of accumulated water in the forest is favorably realized, the survival rate, the penis length and the penis rate of the phyllostachys praecox are improved, and the bamboo shoot rate and the bamboo yield of the phyllostachys praecox are further improved.

2. According to all the growth indexes and the afforestation cost, the growth indexes of the bamboos with the diameter order of 40cm, the breast height of the mother bamboos of 2-4cm and the afforestation density of 110 plants/mu are relatively best, and the afforestation cost is relatively low.

3. From the planting time, the effect of planting the phyllostachys praecox in 12 months is the best. Because the physiological activities of the phyllostachys praecox are in a semi-dormant state and the soil temperature is proper, the bamboo shoots planted are beneficial to healing of the root wounds of the female bamboo shoots and the bamboo shoots of the bamboo seedlings, and the survival rate of the bamboo seedlings is high.

4. The mother bamboo specification selects the 2-year-old mother bamboo for afforestation and has the best performance. The 2-year-old mother bamboos have developed maturity in both morphology and physiological function and are functional bamboos in the population. The 2-year-old mother bamboo penis is in the strong stage, has more penis roots and penis buds, is vigorous in development, has high afforestation survival rate and bamboo shoot yield and bamboo yield, and can be early afforested.

5. And during forestation of the phyllostachys praecox, soil is preferably selected from loam for forestation. The loam has good ventilation, water permeability, water retention and heat preservation performance, drought and waterlogging resistance, strong stress resistance, wide adaptability and long ploughing period, is suitable for the growth of the phyllostachys praecox, is beneficial to the survival of the phyllostachys praecox and the penis of the phyllostachys praecox, has opposite indexes of clay, is not beneficial to the survival and penis of the phyllostachys praecox, and thus has important influence on the later-stage forest establishment of the phyllostachys praecox.

6. When planting, the contact between the root system of the mother bamboo and the bamboo rhizome and the soil is particularly noticed, and the soil is in full contact with the root of the mother bamboo rhizome, so that the bamboo rhizome is prevented from being in an empty state for a long time. The bamboo rhizome is in the air for a long time, and the phenomenon of mildewing and rotting the bamboo rhizome can occur, so that the bamboo rhizome is influenced, and the bamboo rhizome is not beneficial to early forestation. The mother bamboo is to be watered enough root fixing water after planting, on one hand, the requirement of the growth of the phyllostachys praecox on moisture can be met, and on the other hand, the soil can sink after being watered, so that the mother bamboo rhizome root is in full contact with the soil, and the phenomenon that the phyllostachys praecox rhizome root system is emptied is further avoided. Meanwhile, in the planting process of the mother bamboos, after the soil of the mother bamboos is trampled, the surrounding soil is backfilled and piled into steamed bun-shaped soil bags, so that the fixation of the soil to the mother bamboos and the discharge of accumulated water in the soil around the mother bamboos are enhanced, and the growth and the penis movement of the mother bamboos are facilitated.

7. The experiment finds that the distance between the new bamboo around the Phyllostachys praecox mother bamboo and the mother bamboo is 62.3cm farthest from the mother bamboo and 35.56cm nearest from the new bamboo through statistics, and certain theoretical basis can be provided for afforestation and fertilization of Phyllostachys praecox forests through the data. According to analysis, the fertilizer is preferably applied within 50cm around the mother bamboo of the phyllostachys praecox as the center in the first year of phyllostachys praecox afforestation, so that the fertilizer is not only beneficial to the growth of new phyllostachys praecox but also beneficial to the early closing of phyllostachys praecox into forests.

The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, it is possible to make various changes and modifications without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these should be construed as the scope of protection of the present invention, which will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the utility of the patent. The techniques, shapes, and structural parts, which are omitted from the description of the present invention, are all known techniques.

Claims

1. The planting method of the phyllostachys praecox is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:

A. soil preparation, land preparation in a soil area is selected, soil is added, when soil is built, soil is built by using a soil building device, the soil building device comprises a rack, a first fixed rod, a second fixed rod and a third fixed rod are welded on the rack, the first fixed rod is positioned on the right side of the second fixed rod, the third fixed rod is positioned between the first fixed rod and the second fixed rod, the right end of the first fixed rod is rotatably connected with two front wheels, the left end of the second fixed rod is rotatably connected with two rear wheels, the right end of the third fixed rod is rotatably connected with a soil turning wheel, a soil turning claw is arranged on the soil turning wheel, two inclined fixed plates are arranged between the soil turning wheel and the rear wheels, fixed boxes are respectively arranged on the fixed plates, a soil building mechanism is arranged in each fixed box, the tops of the two fixed plates are close to each other, the bottoms of the two fixed plates are far away from each other, a transverse plate is welded between the, the soil stacking mechanism comprises a sliding plate which is connected to the fixed plate in a sliding mode, a supporting rod which is perpendicular to the fixed plate is welded to the fixed plate, a cam is connected to one end, away from the fixed plate, of the supporting rod, the small end of the cam is connected to the supporting rod in a rotating mode, a fixed block is welded to the top end of the sliding plate, a rotating rod is connected to the fixed block in a rotating mode, a door-shaped sliding frame is welded to the bottom end of the rotating rod, the inner wall of the sliding frame is connected with the cam in a sliding mode, a vertical plate which is perpendicular to the sliding plate is welded to the sliding plate, a waist hole is formed in the vertical plate, a rotating column is welded to the large end of the cam and is connected to the waist hole in a sliding mode, a first soil stacking hole is formed in the fixed plate, a second soil stacking hole is formed;

C. planting, wherein the planting time is 12 months, the planting density is 110 plants/mu, the plant row spacing is 2m multiplied by 2m, the length of a hole for planting mother bamboos is 60cm, the width is 40cm, the depth is 40cm, the bottom of the hole is flat, when planting, a whip unfolding room is left in the whip removing direction of the mother bamboos, whip and soil are tightly connected, and when fertilizing, watering and fertilizing are combined;

D. the method comprises the following steps of (1) fostering young phyllostachys praecox forest, loosening soil at least 2 times every year, arranging fertilization 3 times every year in 5-6 months and 30-35cm deep, arranging phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer mainly in 9-10 months and 13-18cm deep in 9-10 months, arranging fertilization 3 times every year in 5-6 months, arranging new bamboos in the next year in the front and back of white dew for the second time, and arranging 1 month in the next year for the third time, wherein 1-2 new bamboos are kept for each mother bamboo, and quarter of the tips of the bamboos are cut off.

2. The method for growing phyllostachys praecox as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step A, soil preparation is carried out in a mode of deeply ploughing 40cm for full reclamation by 20cm and adding base soil to form a slope of 15 degrees.

3. The method for growing phyllostachys praecox as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and C, pouring root fixing water after the mother bamboos are planted.

4. The method for growing phyllostachys praecox as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and D, fertilizing within the range of 35.56-62.3cm by taking the phyllostachys praecox mother bamboos as the center during fertilizing.

5. The method for growing phyllostachys praecox as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and C, excavating trenches with the width of 20cm and the depth of 20cm on the flat ground, wherein the distance between the trenches is 10-20m, furrows are excavated at intervals of 1m at intervals of 4-5m in the depression, and the width and the depth of each trench are 30 cm.

6. The method for growing phyllostachys praecox as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step C, 24-26 kg of organic fertilizer is applied to each hole.

7. The method for growing phyllostachys praecox as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step C, 24-26 kg of compound fertilizer is applied to each hole, and 150-250 g of water is watered.

8. The method for growing phyllostachys praecox as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step D, the proportion of nitrogen for the first fertilization: phosphorus: potassium is 4:4:2, and 100% of nitrogen fertilizer is applied for the third time.

9. The method for growing phyllostachys praecox as claimed in claim 8, wherein: in the step D, the second fertilization is a compound fertilizer with the nitrogen, the phosphorus and the potassium in a ratio of 2:1: 1.

10. The method for growing phyllostachys praecox as claimed in claim 8, wherein: in the step D, the second fertilization is a mixed fertilizer with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in a ratio of 4:2: 1.