CN113079733B - Water retention method for sandy farmland - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a sandy farmland water retention method in the technical field of sandy land reclamation, which comprises the specific steps of surface soil in-situ stripping, drilling and pit making, placement of an anti-seepage bag, hole periphery film covering and water collection, and the combination of the hole punching and pit making, the anti-seepage bag planting measures and the hole periphery film covering measures, a soil profile space structure of coupling an underground local water-resisting layer and surface local catchment is formed in a dry farming farmland, the rainfall is collected to the crop planting area while the leakage of the rainfall into the deep soil is reduced, the collected rainwater is stored in the soil layer around the root system at the middle and lower parts, the reduction of the surface evaporation and the guarantee of the water requirement of the crops during the drought are facilitated, therefore, the crop yield reduction caused by drought is reduced, better water and fertilizer retention effects are achieved, and meanwhile, the used materials are degradable materials, and solid wastes such as straws can be effectively utilized.

Description

A kind of sandy farmland water conservation method

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of sandy land remediation, in particular to a method for water conservation of sandy farmland.

Background technique

Most of the farmland in northern my country is dry farming. Insufficient precipitation and lack of irrigation restrict the growth and yield of crops. Sandy soil is more likely to infiltrate, causing water and fertilizer leakage. It is difficult to maintain the soil in the root range of crops. susceptible to drought. The technology of water conservation around sandy farmland mainly includes technologies such as ridge and furrow preparation, soil surface film mulching, incorporation of structural modifier, addition of water retention agent, and lower soil lining film. Membrane can collect water around the hole surface, increase water storage locally around the lower root system, reduce water leakage and fertilizer leakage, and achieve the purpose of drought resistance and high yield of crops.

Literature 1: Liu Qianzhi, Ren Jun, Wang Zhitai. Effects of sand lining film on wheat growth and yield [J]. Journal of Gansu Agricultural University, 2000, (02): 162-166. Sand-lined film cultivation technology is based on the principle of soilless cultivation. On the poor hemorrhoid sandy land where no crops can be grown due to leakage of water and fertilizer, the sandy soil is directly used as bed soil and paddy soil by laying plastic film to prevent leakage, with certain fertilization and irrigation. Measures new techniques for growing crops for high yields. The anti-seepage water-saving cultivation technology in sandy land has always been the focus of agricultural utilization research in sandy land.

Document 2: Effects of film lining in sandy land on the growth and yield of wheat. A random block design was used to study wheat in the second phase of Jingdian irrigation area with film-lined sandy land (depths of 60cm, 70cm, and 90cm, respectively) and non-film-lined sandy land (control). The growth status and yield were observed and analyzed, and the results showed that the emergence period of wheat in the film-lined sandy land was 2-4 days earlier than that in the control land; They were all significantly higher than the control, with an increase of 1.45%, 70.9% and 48.5% respectively compared with the control, among which the growth condition of the 70cm lining film depth was the best, with an increase of 23%, 9.1% and 86.7% respectively compared with the control; the results of post-harvest yield measurement showed that , the average yield of film-lined wheat increased by 3495kg/ha compared with the control, and the maximum yield increased by 189%.

Document 3: Improvement and economic benefits of moving sand dunes. The test results of artificially laying aquifers show that the aquifers have obvious effects on water and fertilizer retention, increasing crop yields and promoting the growth and development of tree seedlings. The material of the water barrier can be plastic film or clay. The laying depth is preferably 30 cm for crops and 50 cm for tree seedlings. Judging from the effect of adding aquifer on yield, compared with the control area, the test in 1981 showed that the yield of soybean increased by 263.5%, and the yield of later corn increased by 104.7%; in the test of 1982, the yield of soybean increased by 277.8%, and the yield of corn The production increased by 238.4%, and the economic benefits were good. At a depth of 5 cm on the sandy ground, a water-repellent layer was laid with plastic film, so that the surrounding and bottom surfaces were in a closed state, and there were irrigation holes on the upper surface, and there were 2 control areas. From 1981 to 1982, agricultural and forestry plants were planted in the experimental area for two consecutive years to observe the water-repellent effect of film plastics.

Patent 1: A sandy soil reconstruction method, which solves the problems of the ability of water and fertilizer in sandy land and the land that is occupied by fly ash stacking. The fly ash and sand of the present invention are mixed and compacted to form artificial support. The water-supporting fertilizer layer can not only ensure the aeration of the soil, but also have a certain water-supporting and fertilizer-supporting ability, so that its output can be close to or reach the output of the same crops grown on ordinary land. Patent 2: Planting structure and planting method in desert, sandy land and saline-alkali land, crops, ecological forest or vegetation in desert, sandy land and saline-alkali land have high survival rate and fast growth. Patent 3: Anti-seepage tank for sandy land construction eliminates the drawbacks of water leakage and fertilizer leakage in sandy land, and can turn barren sandy land into fertile land, especially suitable for rice cultivation. The investment in facilities can be recovered in 2-3 years, and the usage period can be up to 100 years. The economic, social and ecological benefits are very significant. Patent 4: A method of constructing water-saving ditch in sandy land, which not only reduces water evaporation, but also reduces the erosion of water-saving ditch by rainwater, and ensures the stability of water-saving ditch. Fertilizer, warming. Patent 5: A nutrition bowl for plant cultivation in sandy land: it solves the problem that the traditional nutrition bowl has large holes at the bottom, poor water retention, and easy water loss. Not suitable for the problem of early plant survival. Patent 6: A plant planting system in saline-alkali land avoids the damage of the breathable anti-seepage layer by the root system of the plant and the loss of the anti-seepage effect. Patent 7: A method for improving saline-alkali land and a method for planting saline-alkali land without flushing with a large amount of fresh water resources, thereby effectively reducing water consumption and expanding the scope of application of the method. Patent 8: Desert planting structure and method for improving desert soil and planting method. Through the application of breathable anti-seepage sand technology in desert rice planting experiments, the application of breathable anti-seepage sand technology can save water by more than 70% compared with conventional technology, and the fertilizer saving effect is extremely high. Significantly, the water quality of the rice planting pond is clear, the rice growing potential is strong, and the yield and quality are excellent. Patent 9: A permeation-proof potted plant container and its preparation method utilize materials with good permeation-proof properties to be applied to the potted plant container, the water in the potted plant is effectively blocked, the moisture required by the plants is maintained, and the waterproof At the same time, it has the performance of breathability. The air-proof potted container can be widely used for the planting of various potted plants, the transplanting of garden nurseries and the planting of crops in arid areas.

The sand water conservation technology in the above patents is mainly used for irrigating farmland or planting trees; the lower layer of the lining film anti-seepage technology needs to dig trenches, and the efficiency is low when the trench is deep; after the anti-seepage sand is laid, it will be damaged during farming .

Based on this, the present invention designs a water conservation method for sandy farmland to solve the above-mentioned problems.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a water conservation method for sandy farmland to solve the above-mentioned problems.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for retaining water in sandy farmland, the specific steps of the method include in-situ stripping of topsoil, drilling holes, placing anti-seepage bags, and mulching around the holes to collect water.

In situ stripping of topsoil: before drilling, shovel out the topsoil layer with a thickness of 10 cm within a range of 10-15 cm from the center of the drilling hole, mix it with the crushed straw (volume ratio is 2:1) and put it into a 10 cm high non-woven bag with a handle. It is stored in a spinning bag for use (it is convenient to apply chemical fertilizer or organic fertilizer to the lower part before sowing).

Drilling holes: the staggered layout of the plum-blossom piles is used to set the holes, the diameter of the holes is 20-30cm, and the distance between the holes depends on the spacing of the crops to be planted, which is more than 20cm larger than the diameter of the holes, and the depth of the holes is 60-80cm;

Place the anti-seepage bag: put the drilled sand at the bottom of the anti-seepage bag with a thickness of 20cm; mix the remaining sand and crushed corn stalks (less than 1cm in length) into the anti-seepage bag (volume ratio 5:1), with a thickness of 20cm. 50cm; lightly shake to make it in close contact with the lower soil, put the anti-seepage bag into the drilled hole; finally put it into a non-woven bag with topsoil mixture, and insert a long cone into the bottom of the inner bag to make a hole to facilitate the accumulation of water in the upper layer infiltration.

Water collection around the hole: pile the sand around the other holes within 5cm around the hole, build a slope of about 30° inclined towards the inside of the hole, align with the upper and outer sides of the anti-seepage bag, and spread along the upper edge of the inside of the anti-seepage bag to the neck. Cover with plastic wrap and cover with excess topsoil mix to secure.

Preferably, the anti-seepage bag is made of a non-woven fabric into a double-layer anti-seepage bag, with a diameter of 20cm-30cm.

Preferably, the bottom of the anti-seepage bag is cushioned with a circle cut from Sydney paper of 25-35 cm, and the round Sydney paper is rolled to make it close to the anti-seepage bag; the inside of the anti-seepage bag is rolled into a cylindrical shape with rectangular Sydney paper. Put it into an anti-seepage bag, the height of the tube is about 10cm, and the bottom of the paper tube is on the inside of the edge of the Sydney paper at the bottom of the bag.

Preferably, the outer anti-seepage bag of the anti-seepage bag is funnel-shaped, the upper part is 5cm wide, the inclination is 30°, the lower part is 20-30cm in diameter and 80cm in height; the inner layer is 20cm-30cm in diameter, 15cm in height, with double handle.

Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the present invention combines hole drilling, anti-seepage bag planting measures, and film mulching measures around the holes to form an underground partial water-proof layer and a surface partial layer in dry farmland. The soil profile structure with water catchment coupling reduces the leakage of precipitation into the deep soil, and at the same time, the precipitation around the hole is collected to the crop planting area, which can especially promote the collection of water in the middle and lower parts of the soil profile, and prevent water and fertilizer from flowing into deeper layers. Leakage, according to theoretical estimates, can increase the storage capacity of the lower soil in the root zone by more than 2 times, which is beneficial to reduce the ineffective evaporation of the surface soil and improve the water supply capacity of the lower soil moisture to the crops during drought, thereby slowing down the drought and the leakage of water and fertilizer in the lower layer. The crop yield is reduced, and the effect of better water and fertilizer retention is achieved. At the same time, the materials used are all degradable materials, and solid wastes such as straw can also be effectively used.

Description of drawings

In order to illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention more clearly, the following briefly introduces the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can also be obtained from these drawings without any creative effort.

Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the method of the present invention.

2 is a cross-sectional view and a plan view of the structure and layout of the anti-seepage bag according to the present invention.

In the accompanying drawings, the list of components represented by each number is as follows:

1. Non-woven bag on the outer layer of the anti-seepage bag; 2. Non-woven bag on the inner layer of the anti-seepage bag; 3. Coating around the hole; 4. Drilling;

Detailed ways

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Please refer to Fig. 1-Fig. 2, the present invention provides a technical solution: a method for water conservation in sandy farmland, the specific steps of the method include in-situ stripping of topsoil, drilling 4 holes to make holes, placing non-woven outer layers of anti-seepage bags The bag 1, the film around the hole 3 collects water.

In situ peeling of topsoil: before drilling 4, shovel out the topsoil layer with a thickness of 10 cm within 10-15 cm from the center of drilling 4, mix it with the crushed straw (volume ratio is 2:1) and put it into a handle with a height of 10 cm 2 in the non-woven bag for use;

Drill hole 4 hole making: use plum blossom pile type staggered layout to lay out drill hole 4, the diameter of drill hole 4 is 20-30cm, the spacing of drill hole 4 depends on the spacing of the crops planted, the requirement is greater than 20cm, the depth of drill hole 4 is 60- 80cm;

Place the outer non-woven bag 1 of the anti-seepage bag: put the drilled sand at the bottom of the outer non-woven bag 1 of the anti-seepage bag, with a thickness of 20cm; mix the rest of the sand with crushed corn stalks (less than 1cm in length) Put it into the outer non-woven bag 1 of the anti-seepage bag (volume ratio 5:1) with a thickness of 50cm; lightly shake it to make it in close contact with the lower soil, and put the outer non-woven bag 1 of the anti-seepage bag into the drill hole 4 Finally, put the inner non-woven bag 2 of the anti-seepage bag containing the topsoil mixture, and insert a long cone into the bottom of the inner bag to make holes to facilitate the infiltration of the upper layer of water.

The outer non-woven bag 1 of the anti-seepage bag used is a double-layer anti-seepage bag outer non-woven bag 1 made of non-woven fabrics, with a diameter of 20cm-30cm (corresponding to the diameter of the drilled hole 4); Layer non-woven bag 1 Outer layer of anti-seepage bag The outer layer of non-woven bag 1 is funnel-shaped, the upper part is 5cm wide, the inclination is 30°, the diameter of the lower straight part is 20-30cm, and the height is 80cm; the outer layer of the inner layer of anti-seepage bag is non-woven Cloth bag 1 is 20cm-30cm in diameter, 15cm in height, and has handles on both sides; cut Sydney paper into a circle of about 25-35cm, put it on the bottom of the outer non-woven bag 1 of the anti-seepage bag, and roll it to make it fit with the anti-seepage bag. The outer non-woven bag 1 of the seepage bag is tightly attached; the inner side of the outer non-woven bag 1 of the anti-seepage bag is rolled into a cylindrical shape with rectangular Sydney paper and placed in the outer non-woven bag 1 of the anti-seepage bag, and the height of the cylinder is 10cm. The bottom of the paper tube is on the inside of the edge of the Sydney paper at the bottom of the bag, which is used to store the moisture infiltrated from the upper part and reduce the leakage of moisture at the bottom.

Water collection by mulching film 3 around the hole: stack the sand around the remaining holes within 5cm around the hole, and build a slope inclined at about 30° to the inside of the hole, align with the upper and outer sides of the outer non-woven bag 1 The outer layer of the bag is covered with a plastic film from the upper edge of the inner side of the non-woven bag 1 to the neck, and it is covered and fixed with the excess topsoil mixture.

Example 1

The present invention can be used for single-row double-plant hole-making planting corn on the sandy ground of chestnut cinnamon soil area with uniform profile, and its embodiment is as follows:

Step 1: Positioning. After the corn harvest in the previous year (the end of September or the beginning of October), drill holes 4 for positioning according to the size of the farmland plot, insert a wooden stick or straw into the center of each hole for marking, and drill holes 4 in a staggered arrangement of plum blossom piles. The spacing between the holes in the row is 40cm, with a row spacing of 50cm.

Step 2: Take the topsoil. Before drilling hole 4, shovel out the topsoil with a depth of 10cm within 410cm of the hole, and put it on a piece of plastic film. The shovel is about 20cm away from the center of hole 4.

Step 3: Drill holes 4. Use the trolley ground drill to drill holes 4 according to the marked positions, the diameter of the hole 4 is 20cm, and the depth of the hole 4 is 80cm.

Step 4: Making the outer non-woven bag 1 of the anti-seepage bag (Figure 2). The outer non-woven bag 1 of the double-layer anti-seepage bag with a diameter of 20cm (corresponding to the diameter of the drilled hole 4) is made of non-woven fabric; The width is 5cm, the inclination is 30°, the diameter of the lower straight part is 20cm, and the height is 80cm; the inner anti-seepage bag and the outer non-woven bag 1 are 20cm in diameter and 15cm in height, with double-sided handles; cut Sydney paper into a circle of about 25cm , padded on the bottom of the outer non-woven bag 1 of the anti-seepage bag, and rolled to make it close to the outer non-woven bag 1 of the anti-seepage bag; the inner side of the outer non-woven bag 1 of the anti-seepage bag is rolled with rectangular Sydney paper The cylinder is placed in the outer non-woven bag 1 of the anti-seepage bag. The height of the cylinder is 10cm. The bottom of the paper cylinder is on the inner side of the edge of the Sydney paper at the bottom of the bag, which is used to store the moisture infiltrated from the upper part and reduce the leakage of moisture at the bottom.

Step 5: Load the soil. Put the drilled sand at the bottom of the outer non-woven bag 1 of the anti-seepage bag with a thickness of 20cm; mix the remaining sand and crushed corn stalks (length less than 1 cm) into the outer non-woven bag 1 of the anti-seepage bag (volume ratio 5:1), the thickness is 50cm; lightly shake it to make it in close contact with the lower soil, put the non-woven bag 1 of the anti-seepage bag outer layer into the drill hole 4; finally load the anti-seepage with the topsoil mixture The inner layer of the bag is a non-woven bag 2, and a long cone is inserted into the bottom of the inner bag to make holes to facilitate the infiltration of the upper layer of water.

Step 6: Coating 3 around the hole. The sand and soil around the remaining holes are piled up around 5cm around the hole, and built into a slope inclined at about 30° to the inside of the hole, aligned with the upper and outer sides of the outer non-woven bag 1 of the anti-seepage bag, along the outer non-woven bag 1 of the anti-seepage bag. Line the upper edge of the inner side to the neck with plastic film, cover it with excess topsoil mixture and fix it.

Step 7: Fertilize and plant corn in the hole. 1-2 days before corn sowing on May 15-25, take out the outer non-woven bag 1 of the upper anti-seepage bag, spread chemical fertilizer or organic fertilizer, and pour out all the soil in the upper bag to cover it; One hole and two plants are placed in the middle of the hole to sow corn on demand.

Example 2

Step 1: Positioning. After the harvest of the previous crop in the autumn of the previous year (the end of September or the beginning of October), drill holes 4 for positioning according to the size of the farmland, insert a wooden stick or straw into the center of each hole for marking, and drill holes 4 in a staggered arrangement of plum blossom piles. The hole spacing is 40cm and the row spacing is 60cm.

Step 2: Take the topsoil. Before drilling hole 4, shovel out the topsoil with a depth of 10cm within 410cm of the hole, and put it on a piece of plastic film. The shovel is about 20cm away from the center of hole 4.

Step 3: Drill holes 4. Use the trolley ground drill to drill holes 4 according to the marked positions, the diameter of the hole 4 is 20cm, and the depth of the hole 4 is 80cm.

Step 4: Making the outer non-woven bag 1 of the anti-seepage bag (Figure 2). A double-layer anti-seepage bag outer non-woven bag 1 with a diameter of 20cm (corresponding to the diameter of the drilled hole 4) is made of non-woven fabric; Bag 1 is funnel-shaped, the upper part is 5cm wide, the inclination is 30°, the lower straight part is 20cm in diameter and 80cm in height; the inner layer of anti-seepage bag and the outer layer of non-woven bag 1 are 20cm in diameter and 15cm in height, with double-sided handles; Cut it into a circle of about 25cm, pad it on the bottom of the outer non-woven bag 1 of the anti-seepage bag, and roll it to make it close to the outer non-woven bag 1 of the anti-seepage bag; the outer non-woven bag 1 of the anti-seepage bag The inner side is rolled into a cylindrical shape with rectangular Sydney paper and placed in the outer non-woven bag 1 of the anti-seepage bag. The height of the tube is 10cm. Moisture leaks at the bottom.

Step 5: Load the soil. Put the drilled sand at the bottom of the outer non-woven bag 1 of the anti-seepage bag with a thickness of 20cm; mix the remaining sand and crushed corn stalks (length less than 1 cm) into the outer non-woven bag 1 of the anti-seepage bag (volume ratio 5:1), the thickness is 50cm; lightly shake it to make it in close contact with the lower soil, put the non-woven bag 1 of the anti-seepage bag outer layer into the drill hole 4; finally load the anti-seepage with the topsoil mixture The inner layer of the bag is a non-woven bag 2, and a long cone is inserted into the bottom of the inner bag to make holes to facilitate the infiltration of the upper layer of water.

Step 6: Coating 3 around the hole. The sand and soil around the remaining holes are piled up around 5cm around the hole, and built into a slope inclined at about 30° to the inside of the hole, aligned with the upper and outer sides of the outer non-woven bag 1 of the anti-seepage bag, along the outer non-woven bag 1 of the anti-seepage bag. Line the upper edge of the inner side to the neck with plastic film, cover it with excess topsoil mixture and fix it.

Step 7: Fertilize and plant corn in the hole. 1-2 days before corn sowing on May 15-25, take out the outer non-woven bag 1 of the upper anti-seepage bag, spread chemical fertilizer or organic fertilizer, and pour out all the soil in the upper bag to cover it; Potatoes on demand in the middle of the hole.

In the description of this specification, description with reference to the terms "one embodiment," "example," "specific example," etc. means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one aspect of the present invention. in one embodiment or example. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

The above-disclosed preferred embodiments of the present invention are provided only to help illustrate the present invention. The preferred embodiments do not exhaust all the details, nor do they limit the invention to only the described embodiments. Obviously, many modifications and variations are possible in light of the content of this specification. The present specification selects and specifically describes these embodiments in order to better explain the principles and practical applications of the present invention, so that those skilled in the art can well understand and utilize the present invention. The present invention is to be limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.

Claims (1)

1. a sandy farmland water conservation method, it is characterized in that: the concrete steps of described method comprise topsoil in-situ peeling, drilling holes, placing anti-seepage bags, mulching around holes to collect water, In-situ peeling of topsoil: before drilling, shovel out the topsoil layer with a thickness of 10 cm within a range of 10-15 cm from the center of the drilling, mix it with the crushed straw, and put it into a non-woven bag with a handle of 10 cm in height for use; Drilling holes: the staggered layout of the plum-blossom piles is used to set the holes, the diameter of the holes is 20-30cm, and the distance between the holes depends on the spacing of the crops to be planted, which is more than 20cm larger than the diameter of the holes, and the depth of the holes is 60-80cm; Place the anti-seepage bag: put the drilled sand at the bottom of the anti-seepage bag with a thickness of 20cm; mix the remaining sand and crushed corn stalks into the anti-seepage bag with a thickness of 50cm; lightly shake it to make it closely contact with the lower soil , put the anti-seepage bag into the drilled hole; finally put it into the non-woven bag with the topsoil mixture, and insert a long cone into the bottom of the inner bag to make a hole to facilitate the infiltration of the upper layer of water; Water collection around the hole: stack the sand around the hole within 5cm around the hole, build a 30° slope inclined towards the inside of the hole, align with the upper and outer sides of the anti-seepage bag, and spread plastic along the upper edge of the inside of the anti-seepage bag to the neck. film, fixed by covering it with excess topsoil mixture; The anti-seepage bag is a double-layer anti-seepage bag made of non-woven fabric; the bottom of the anti-seepage bag is padded with a circle cut into 25-35cm from Sydney paper, and the round Sydney paper is rolled to make it and the anti-seepage bag. Stick tightly; the inside of the anti-seepage bag is rolled into a cylindrical shape with rectangular Sydney paper and placed in the anti-seepage bag, the height of the tube is 10cm, and the bottom of the paper tube is on the inside of the edge of the Sydney paper at the bottom of the bag; The outer anti-seepage bag of the anti-seepage bag is funnel-shaped, the upper part is 5cm wide, the inclination is 30°, the lower part is 20-30cm in diameter and 80cm in height;

Images