CN1083096A - 含有硅氧烷防沫剂的液体洗涤剂组合物 - Google Patents

含有硅氧烷防沫剂的液体洗涤剂组合物 Download PDF

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CN1083096A
CN1083096A CN93108915.8A CN93108915A CN1083096A CN 1083096 A CN1083096 A CN 1083096A CN 93108915 A CN93108915 A CN 93108915A CN 1083096 A CN1083096 A CN 1083096A
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A·C·胡伯
R·K·彭南迪卡
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种均匀的液体洗涤剂组成物,它包 括多羟基脂肪酸酰胺,硅氧烷防沫组合物,和阴离子 的,非离子的或两性的表面活性剂。该硅氧烷防沫组 合物包括聚乙二醇或聚乙二醇/聚丙二醇的共聚物, 该聚乙二醇或共聚物在室温条件下在水中的溶解度 按重量百分比计算大于2%。

Description

本发明涉及流体洗涤剂组合物,它包括多羟基脂肪酸酰胺,硅氧烷防沫组合物,和阴离子的、非离子的或两性的表面活性剂。该硅氧烷防沫组合物包括初级防沫剂,非离子的硅氧烷表面活性剂,和聚乙二醇或聚乙二醇/聚丙二醇的共聚物,该聚乙二醇或共聚物在室温条件下按重量百分比计算在水中的溶解度约为2%以上。
在Aizawa等人的1987年1月27日批准的US  4,639,489号专利和1988年6月7日批准的US  4,749,740号专利以及Starch的1990年12月18日批准的US  4,978,471号专利和1991年1月8日批准的US  4,983,316号专利中分别描述了硅氧烷防沫组合物及其制造方法。
在1992年4月16日公开的公开号为WO-92-06154的专利申请中对包括多羟基脂肪酸酰胺的液体洗涤剂组合物进行了描述。而阴离子的,非离子的和两性的表面活性剂则是已公知的液体洗涤剂组合物的组分。
人们已经发现用现有的硅氧烷防沫组合物来配制成含多羟基脂肪酸酰胺的液体洗涤剂组合物是困难的。上述组分在形成所需洗涤剂组合物的几天后便分离开了。即使上述组分配制成贮存的稳定的产物,它们也必须能有效地控制液体洗涤剂中的泡沫。因为人们不希望在洗涤设备中存有大量泡沫。
现在发现当以在室温条件下在水中的溶解度按重量百分比计大于2%的聚乙二醇(PEG)和/或聚乙二醇-聚丙二醇的共聚物(PEG/PPG)代替硅氧烷防沫组合物中的聚丙二醇(PPG)时,可配制出一个稳定的、低泡沫的液体洗涤剂。该流体洗涤剂组合物包括多羟基脂肪酸酰胺,该组合物在贮存时可保持均匀。包括有聚乙二醇和/或聚乙二醇-聚丙二醇的共聚物的硅氧烷防沫组合物与包括有聚丙二醇的硅氧烷防沫组合物相比,可大大降低出现在洗涤设备中所配制的洗涤液中的泡沫量。
本发明涉及一种均匀的液体洗涤剂组合物,它包括:
a.按重量百分比计算为约1~30%的多羟基脂肪酸酰胺;
b.按重量百分比计算为约0.001~1%的硅氧烷防沫组合物,该组合物包括:(1)初级防沫剂的非水乳液,该防沫剂为一种混合物,该混合物包括(a)一种聚有机硅氧烷,(b)一种树脂状硅氧烷或形成硅氧烷树脂的硅氧烷化合物,(c)一种细颗粒填料和(d)促使上述混合物成分(a),(b),(c)一起发生反应从而形成硅氧烷醇盐的催化剂;(2)至少一种非离子的硅氧烷表面活性剂;和(3)聚乙二醇或聚乙二醇/聚丙二醇的共聚物,上述聚乙二醇或共聚物在室温条件下按重量百分比计算在水中的溶解度约大于2%,另外该硅氧烷防沫组合物中不含聚丙二醇;
c.按重量百分比计算约为1~50%的阴离子的,或两性或另外一种非离子的表面活性剂。
本发明的洗涤剂组合物包括多羟基脂肪酸酰胺,硅氧烷防沫组合物,和阴离子的,非离子的或两性的表面活性剂。下面对上述成分进行描述。
A  硅氧烷防沫组合物
硅氧烷是人们公知的防沫剂或泡沫抑制剂。在本发明的防沫组合物中,作为连续相的溶剂不包括聚丙二醇,而是包括某些聚乙二醇或聚乙二醇-聚丙二醇的共聚物或上述成分的混合物(较好为该混合物)。此处所述的初级防沫剂为支链/交联化合物,而非直链化合物。
本发明的液体洗涤剂组合物中所含的硅氧烷防沫组合物按重量百分比计算约占0.001~1%,较好为约0.01~0.7%,最好为约0.05~0.5%。上述硅氧烷防沫组合物包括(1)初级防沫剂的非水乳液,该初级防沫剂为一种混合物,该混合物包括(a)一种聚有机硅氧烷,(b)一种树脂状硅氧烷或形成硅氧烷树脂的硅氧烷化合物,(c)一种细颗粒填料和(d)一种促使上述成分(a),(b),(c)一起发生反应从而形成硅烷醇盐的催化剂;(2)至少一种非离子的硅氧烷表面活性剂;和(3)聚乙二醇或聚乙二醇/聚丙二醇的共聚物,上述聚乙二醇或上述共聚物在室温条件下,按重量百分比计算,在水中的溶解度约大于2%;同时上述硅氧烷防沫组合物中不含聚丙二醇。
在Starch的于1991年1月8日批准的US  4,983,316号专利及Starch的于1990年12月18日批准的US  4,978,471号专利中对初级防沫剂和非离子的硅氧烷表面活性剂进行了描述,上述两篇专利在这里被参考引用了。
对于二级防沫剂一般人们不首先采用,但是在硅氧烷防沫组合物中还是可以采用的。优选的二级防沫剂是粘度约为1000厘沲的聚二甲基硅氧烷。在硅氧烷防沫组合物中还可包括稳定剂和保存剂,该稳定剂和保存剂也在上述的Starch专利中进行了描述。
硅氧烷防沫组合物在液体洗涤剂组合物中可分散或易于分散开,这样可对泡沫进行控制,并使洗涤剂组合物保持均匀。
在Aizawa等人的US  4,639,489和US  4,749,740号专利中对可供选择的最好的初级防沫剂成分进行了描述,上述两篇专利在这里被参考引用了。具体来说上述专利的第1栏第46行~第4栏第35行对优选的硅氧烷防沫组合物进行了描述。
为了使初级(和二级)防沫剂能分散于水介质,如液体洗涤剂中,在防沫组合物中至少还发包括一种非离子的硅氧烷表面活性剂,该表面活性剂用来使溶剂中的防沫剂乳化。一种合适的非离子的硅氧烷表面活性剂为树脂状硅氧烷和聚烯化氧的共聚物。
在这里聚乙二醇和聚乙二醇/聚丙二醇的共聚物,在室温条件下,按重量百分比计算在水中的溶解度约大于2%,较好约大于5%。
较好的硅氧烷防沫组合物包括聚乙二醇和聚乙二醇/聚丙二醇的共聚物,上述二个成分的平均分子量小于1000,较好约在100~800之间。
上述优选的溶剂中聚乙二醇的平均分子量约小于1000,较好约在100~800之间,其中最好为200~400之间,而聚乙二醇/聚丙二醇的共聚物的分子量则较好为聚乙二醇300/聚丙二醇200。而聚乙二醇与聚乙二醇/聚丙二醇的共聚物的重量比较好约在1∶1~1∶10之间,最好为1∶3~1∶6之间。
硅氧烷防沫组合物不包括聚丙二醇,特别是分子量为4000的聚丙二醇,该聚丙二醇在以前用作溶剂。较好的硅氧烷防沫组合物不包括环氧乙烷和1,2-环氧丙烷的嵌段共聚物,如商标为Pluronic  L101的产品。
较好将初级(和二级)防沫剂与非离子的硅氧烷表面活性剂一起在下述溶剂中混合并使其乳化,该溶剂为聚乙二醇和/或聚乙二醇/聚丙二醇的共聚物,上述溶剂成分在水中的溶解度按重量百分比计算约大于2%。然后,将上述生成物加入到液体洗涤剂中。
B  多羟基脂肪酸酰胺
本发明的液体洗涤剂组合物中所含的多羟基脂肪酸酰胺按重量百分比计算约为1~30%,较好约为2~15%。
多羟基脂肪酸酰胺表面活性剂包括下述结构式的化合物,该结构式为:
Figure 931089158_IMG1
其中,R1为氢,C1-C4烃基,2-羟乙基,2-羟丙基或上述成分的混合体,当然R1较好为C1-C4烷基,而C1或C2烷基为更好,其中以C1烷基(即甲基)为最好;R2为C5-C31烃基,其中较好为直链的C7-C19烷基或链烯基,直链C9-C17烷基或链烯基则更好,而最好为直链C11-C15烷基或链烯基,或其混合物;Z为多羟基烃基,该基带有直链烃基,其中至少有3个羟基直接连到该链上,Z也可为上述多羟基烃基的烷氧基化衍生物(较好为乙氧基化或丙氧基化衍生物)。Z最好为还原糖经还原的氨化反应得到的衍生物;其中以糖醇基为更好。合适的还原糖包括葡萄糖,果糖,麦芽糖,乳糖,半乳糖,甘露糖和木糖。Z最好由下列基中选出,该基为-CH2-(CHOH)n-CHOH,-CH(CH2OH)-(CHOH)n-1-CH2OH,-CH2-(CHOH)2(CHOR′)(CHOH)-CH2OH,和上述基的烷氧基化衍生物,其中n为3~5中的整数,该整数包括首尾数3和5,R′为氢或环状的或脂族的单糖。当Z中的n等于4的糖醇基,特别是为-CH2-(CHOH)4-CH2OH时最好。
多羟基脂肪酸酰胺较好为葡萄糖酰胺,其中以C12-18,N-乙酰葡萄酰胺为更好。
C  表面活性剂
本发明的液体洗涤剂组合物所含阴离子的或两性的或另外一种非离子的表面活性剂,按重量百分比计算约为1~50%,优选约为10~30%。
该表面活性剂较好选自下列成分,该成分为C9_20直链烷基苯磺酸盐,C12-20烷基硫酸盐,C12_20烷基醚硫酸盐,C8_18链烯基羧基磺酸盐,E2_20乙氧基化的C10_20醇以及上述成分的混合体。上述表面活性剂更好为E2_20乙氧基化的C10_20醇,其中尤其以E2 _5乙氧基化的C12_18醇为更好。
对于两性的表面活性剂,在1982年BR  Bluestein和CL  Hilton,Marcel  Dekker,纽约公司的名称为《Amphoteric  Surfactants》一书已作了描述。该两性的表面活性剂较好为咪唑啉衍生物和三甲铵内酯。
1  阴离子表面活性剂
在本发明的洗涤剂组合物中包括有用于洗涤的阴离子的表面活性剂。该表面活性剂包括下述成分的盐(具体可以为钠盐、钾盐、铵盐、取代的铵盐如单-,二-,和三乙醇胺盐),该成分为脂肪酸盐、C9-C20直链烷基苯磺酸盐,C8-C22初级或二级链烷磺酸盐,C8-C24烯属磺酸盐,通过对碱土金属柠檬酸盐的热解产物进行磺化反应而得到的磺化的多羧酸,该酸的制备已在GB1,082,179号专利中作了描述,烷基甘油磺酸盐、脂酰甘油磺酸盐、脂肪油甘油磺酸盐,烷基酚环氧乙烷醚硫酸盐,链烷烃磺酸盐,烷基磷酸盐,异硫代硫酸盐例如酰基异硫代硫酸盐,N-酰基牛磺酸盐,甲基牛磺酸酰胺(taurides),脂肪酸酰胺,烷基琥珀酰胺酸盐和磺基琥珀酸盐,磺基琥珀酸单酯(特别是饱和的和不饱和的C12-C18单酯),磺基琥珀酸双酯(特别是饱和的和不饱和的C6-C14双酯),N-酰基肌氨酸盐,烷基聚糖硫酸盐如烷基聚葡萄糖硫酸盐(非离子的非硫酸盐化合物将在下面描述),支链的初级烷基硫酸盐,烷基聚乙氧基羧酸盐,如具有下述结构式的烷基聚乙氧基羧酸盐,该结构式为RO(CH2CH2O)kCH2COO-M+,其中R为C8-C22烷基,K为0~10的整数,M为形成可溶性盐的阳离子,在异硫代硫酸存在时脂肪酸被酯化及用氢氧化钠中和的脂肪酸。当然该表面活性剂还可采用树脂酸和氢化了的树脂酸,如松香,氢化松香,存在于浮油中的或由浮油衍生得到的树脂酸和氢化树脂酸。在“表面活性剂和洗涤剂”一书(Vol.Ⅰ and Ⅱ,该书是Schwartz,Perry and Berch写的)中还给出了其它的实例。另外在1975年12月30日批准的Laughlin等人的US 3,929,678号专利第23栏第58行~第29栏第23行(该专利在这里被参考引用了)中也给出了许多种阴离子的表面活性剂的实例。
作为优选的用作液体洗涤剂组合物的阴离子的表面活性剂的一种可采用烷基磺酸盐。之所以选用该种表面活性剂是因为它可利用可更新的非石油资源制成。该种烷基酯磺酸盐表面活性剂组分的制备可根据技术文献中所描述的已有方法进行。比如,根据“美国石油化学学会期刊”第52期(1975),第323~329页中的描述,可让C8-C20羧酸直链酯与SO3气体进行磺化反应。合适的初始材料包括由脂,棕榈树、椰子油等衍生得到的天然脂肪型物质。
特别用于洗涤目的的优选的烷基酯磺酸盐表面活性剂包括具有下述结构式的烷基酯磺酸盐表面活性剂,该结构式为:
其中R3为C8-C20烃基,较好为烷基或上述基的混合体,R4为C1-C6烃基,较好为烷基或上述基的混合体,M为可形成可溶性盐的阳离子。合适的盐包括金属盐如钠盐,钾盐,锂盐,取代的或未取代的铵盐,如甲基-,二甲基,三甲基,和季铵阳离子,例如四甲基铵和二甲基哌啶鎓盐,和由链烷醇胺如一乙醇胺、二乙醇胺、三乙醇胺衍生得到的阳离子较好,R3为C10-C16烷基,R4为甲基,乙基或异丙基。在这里特别优先选用甲基酯磺酸盐作为表面活性剂,其中R3为C14-C16的烷基。
在这里使用的第二种重要的阴离子的表面活性剂为烷基磺酸盐表面活性剂。当该表面活性剂与多羟基脂肪酸酰胺一起使用时除了提供极好的综合去污能力(见下面),包括在一个宽的温度,洗涤浓度和洗涤时间范围内具有良好的油脂/油去除性以外,不仅改进了分子式为ROSO3M的水溶性盐或酸在液体洗涤剂配方中的配制能力,而且还能使烷基硫酸盐的溶解能力增加,其中R较好为C10-C24烃基,当然R为具有C10-C20烷基成分的烷基或羟烷基时则更好,而其以C12-C18烷基或羟烷基为更加好,M为氢或阳离子,如碱金属阳离子(例如钠、钾、锂离子),取代的或未取代的铵阳离子,如甲基铵阳离子、二甲基铵阳离子、三甲基铵阳离子和季铵阳离子,例如四甲基铵和二甲基哌啶鎓,和由链烷醇胺衍生得到的阳离子,该链烷醇胺例如为乙醇胺,二乙醇胺,三乙醇胺或上述成分的混合体。在较低洗涤温度条件下(如约在50℃以下)较好采用C12_16烷基链,而在较高洗涤温度条件下(如约在50℃以上)较好采用C16_18烷基链。
用于本发明洗涤剂组合物的第三种优选的阴离子的表面活性剂为烷基烷氧基化硫酸盐表面活性剂。该表面活性剂为具有下述结构式的溶于水的盐或酸,该结构式为RO(A)mSO3M,其中R为未被取代的C10-C24烷基或具有C10-C24烷基成分的羟烷基,较好为C12-C20烷基或羟烷基,而更好为C12-C18烷基或羟烷基,A为乙氧基或丙氧基,m为大于零的数,一般它约在0.5~6的范围内,更好约在0.5~3的范围内,而M为氢或阳离子,例如,该阳离子可以为金属阳离子(如钠,钾,锂,钙,镁离子等),铵或取代的铵阳离子。在这里打算采用烷基乙氧基化硫酸盐及烷基丙氧基化硫酸盐。上述的取代的铵阳离子包括甲基-,二甲基-,三甲基铵阳离子和季铵阳离子,如四甲基铵,二甲基哌啶鎓阳离子,和由链烷醇胺衍生的阳离子,该链烷醇胺例如为一乙醇胺,二乙醇胺,三乙醇胺,和上述成分的混合物。典型的表面活性剂是C12-C18烷基多乙氧基化。(1.0)硫酸盐,C12-C18烷基多乙氧基化(2.25)硫酸盐,C12-C18烷基多乙氧基化(3.0)硫酸盐,和C12-C18烷基多乙氧基化(4.0)硫酸盐,此处M可很方便地选自钠和钾离子两者之一。
2  非离子的表面活性剂
较好的非离子的表面活性剂为C10-C20醇的缩合物,并且每摩尔醇中约含2~20摩尔泊环氧乙烷(“E2 _20乙氧基化的C10_20醇”)。当然该表面活性剂也可为多羟基脂肪酸酰胺。
在1975年12月30日批准的Laughlin等人的US  3,929,678号专利第13栏第14行~第16栏第6行中给出了合适的非离子洗涤剂用表面活性剂的实例,上述专利在这里被参考引用了。下面以举例方式给出可使用的几类非离子表面活性剂,当然非离子表面活性剂可不限于所列的几类。
1.烷基酚的聚环氧乙烷缩合物,烷基酚聚环丙烷缩合物,和烷基酚聚环氧丁烷缩合物。一般来说,较好采用聚环氧乙烷缩合物。这些化合物包括烷基酚缩合物,该烷基酚中的烷基为带有烯化氧的直链或支链结构,它含有6~12碳原子。这些化合物一般称为“烷基酚烷氧基化物”(如烷基酚乙氧基化物)。
2.带有约1~25个摩尔的环氧乙烷的脂族醇缩合物。该脂族醇中的烷基链为直链或支链,初级或二级并且一般包括约8~22个碳原子。上述非离子的表面活性剂一般称为“烷基乙氧基化物”。
3.带疏水基的环氧乙烷缩合产物,该疏水基是由环氧丙烷与丙二醇的缩合物形成。
4.环氧乙烷缩合物,该环氧乙烷带有环氧丙烷与1,2-乙二胺反应的生成物。
5.半极性非离子的表面活性剂,该表面活性剂是一种特殊的非离子的表面活性剂,它包括溶于水的氧化胺,该氧化胺包括一个约含10~18个碳原子的一个烷基部分和二个选自含约1~3个碳原子的烷基和羟烷基部分;溶于水的氧化膦,该氧化膦包括一个约含10~18个碳原子的烷基部分和二个选自约含1~3个碳原子的烷基和羟烷基部分;溶于水的亚砜,该亚砜包括一个含约10~18个碳原子的烷基部分和一个选自,约含1~3个碳原子的烷基和羟烷基的部分。
6.烷基多糖,该烷基多糖已在1986年1月21日批准的Llenado的US  4,565,647号专利作了描述,它具有一个疏水基,该基包括约6~30个碳原子,较好包括约10~16个碳原子和一个多糖和一个聚苷,它含约1.3-10个亲水基,较好约为1.3-3个,最好为约含1.3~2.7个糖单位。
D  其它组分
本发明的洗涤剂组合物较好还包括其它合适的组分。该其它组分包括洗涤剂助洗剂,pH中和剂,缓冲剂,水溶助长剂,酶,酶稳定剂,易去污的聚合物,染料,增白剂,香料和杀菌剂。上述组分在1981年8月25日批准的Barrat等人的US  4,285,841号专利中作了具体描述,在这里被参考引用了。
在1989年7月4日批准的Mermelstein等人的US  4,844,824号专利中对合适的酶,绿土类粘土,洗涤剂助洗剂,溶剂,水溶助长剂,和抗静电剂的具体成分作了描述,上述专利在这里被参考引用了。无机的洗涤助洗剂可以为下列成分,但不限于下列成分,它们是碱金属,铵和链烷醇铵的多磷酸盐,(如三多磷酸盐,焦磷酸盐,和玻璃状聚合的偏磷酸盐),膦酸盐,肌醇六磷酸,硅酸盐,碳酸盐(包括碳酸氢盐和倍半碳酸盐),硫酸盐和铝硅酸盐。另外还可使用硼酸盐助洗剂及含可形成硼酸盐材料的助洗剂,该材料在贮存洗涤剂时或洗涤条件下可产生硼酸盐(在下文均称作“硼酸盐助洗剂”)。
在1967年3月7日批准的Diehl的US  3,308,067号专利中具体给出了合适的聚合分散剂的成分,在此处被参考引用了。
在1976年12月28日批准的Nicol等人的US  4,000,093号专利,在1976年5月25日批准的Hays的US  3,959,230号专利,在1987年10月27日批准的Gosselink的US  4,702,857号专利,在1988年1月26日批准的Gosselink的US  4,721,580号专利中均具体给出了在这里使用的去污剂的成分,上述三篇专利在这里参考引用了。在1986年7月1日批准的Vancler  Meer的US  4,597,898号专利,在1985年10月22日批准的Connor的US  4,548,744号专利中具体给出了去污剂和抗再沉积剂,上述二篇专利在这里被参考引用了。
在1990年3月20日批准的Sadlowski等人的US  4,909,953号专利中给出了合适的螯合剂的具体成分,上述专利在这里被参考引用了。
本发明的洗涤剂组合物还可包括链烯基羧基磺酸盐(ACS),该盐为多官能的改进型的洗涤剂添加剂。它们包括二个阴离子的官能团,磺酸盐和羧酸盐,以及酯或酰胺。它们是烯基琥珀酐与异硫代硫酸钠或N-甲基牛磺酸钠反应而生成的。ACS的结构式为:
Figure 931089158_IMG3
其中在ACS中的链烯基含有8~18个碳原子。
本发明较好的液体洗涤剂组合物在20℃的条件下,浓度为10%的水溶液中,其pH值约为6.5~11.0之间,较好约为7.0~8.5的之间。控制pH值的措施包括使用缓冲剂,碱,酸,等,该控制pH值的措施对该领域普通技术人员来说是公知的。
较好采用重垢型液体洗涤剂组合物,其在水清洗过程中的洗涤水的pH值约在6.5~10之间。
较好采用浓缩的液体洗涤剂组合物。重垢型液体洗涤剂组合物的一般规定使用剂量在美国为118ml(1/2杯),在欧洲为180ml。该浓缩的液体洗涤剂组合物中所含活性洗涤组分按重量百分比计算比一般的洗涤剂组合物多10~100%,其使用剂量与它们的活性度有关(一般少于1/2杯),(如1/4~1/3杯)。较好上述组合物所含活性洗涤组分按重量百分比计算为30~90%,其中以40~80%为更好。使用时可将洗涤剂加入洗涤设备中,然后对要洗的东西,洗涤剂和水进行搅拌。
本发明还提供了一种制备均匀的液体洗涤剂组合物的方法,该组合物包括多羟基脂肪酸酰胺和硅氧烷防沫组合物,其步骤包括采用这样一种硅氧烷防沫组合物,该硅氧烷防沫组合物不包括聚丙二醇,而包括聚乙二醇或聚乙二醇与聚丙二醇的无规共聚物,上述聚乙二醇或无规共聚物在室温条件下,按重量百分比计算其在水中的溶解度约为2%以上。
下面给出一些实例以便对本发明组合物进行说明,但该实例并不构成对本发明保护范围的限制或限定。
如未加以特别说明下面所述的所有份数,百分比和比例均以重量计算。
实例1
按下述组合物配制一个浓缩的组合的重垢型洗涤液:
成分  重量.%
C14_15烷基多乙氧基化(2.25)磺酸 23.00
二乙烯三胺五亚甲基膦酸  0.95
1,2丙二醇  12.50
单乙醇胺  12.50
C12_13烷基多乙氧基化物(6.5) 2.00
乙醇  3.80
多羟基C12_14脂肪酸酰胺 9.00
C12_14椰子脂肪酸 9.00
柠檬酸  6.00
硼酸  2.40
四亚乙基五胺乙氧基化物(15-18)  1.00
增白剂  0.14
硅氧烷防沫组合物A  0.10
水/杂色破布  余量
100%
硅氧烷防沫组合物A
与二氧化硅交联的初级硅氧烷防沫剂  33.0
具有高分子量的直链聚二甲基硅氧烷  8.4
树脂状硅氧烷共聚多元醇  3.8
乙氧基-8-辛基酚  1.5
环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷的嵌段共聚物  8.3
(其商标为Pluronic
Figure 931089158_IMG4
L101)
分子量为4000的聚丙二醇  45.0
实施例2
按下述组合物配制浓缩的组合的重垢型洗涤液:
成分  重量%
C14_15烷基多乙氧基化(2.25)磺酸 23.00
二亚乙基三胺五亚甲基膦酸  0.95
1,2丙二醇  12.50
单乙醇胺  12.50
C12_13烷基多乙氧基化物(6.5) 2.00
乙醇  3.80
多羟基C12_14脂肪酸酰胺 9.00
C12_14椰子脂肪酸 9.00
柠檬酸  6.00
硼酸  2.40
四亚乙基五胺乙氧基化物(15-18)  1.00
增白剂  0.14
硅氧烷防沫组合物B  0.10
水/杂色破布  余量
100%
硅氧烷防沫组合物B
与二氧化硅交联的初级硅氧烷防沫剂
具有高分子量的直链聚二甲基硅氧烷  35.6
树脂状硅氧烷共聚多元醇  10.0
分子量为300的聚乙二醇  8.0
聚乙二醇/聚丙二醇的共聚物  42.0
磨碎的石英,  11.0
采用标准试验洗涤设备条件(95°F,硬度为0,洁净的压载物)对上述配制的重垢型洗涤液进行泡沫控制试验。其泡沫控制特性由美国规格的洗涤设备中的校准的泡沫测量器测定。其结果如下:
实例  泡沫尺寸:英寸
1  14.0(35.5cm)
2  2.0(5.1cm)
根据本发明配制的带有硅氧烷防沫组合物B的重垢型洗涤液中所含泡沫量大大少于非本发明的带有实例1中的硅氧烷防沫组合物A的重垢型洗涤液中所含泡沫。
实例3
按下述组合物配制一种浓缩的组合的重垢型洗涤液:
成分  重量%
C14_15烷基多乙氧基化(2.25)磺酸 18.00
异丙基苯磺酸钠  2.00
1,2丙二醇  7.00
单乙醇胺  2.03
C12_13烷基多乙氧基化物(6.5) 2.00
乙醇  5.00
氢氧化钠  4.88
多羟基C12_14脂肪酸酰胺 4.00
C12_14椰子脂肪酸 2.00
柠檬酸  6.00
甲酸钠  0.09
硼酸  1.50
四亚乙基五胺乙氧基化物(15-18)  1.00
聚合物  0.30
蛋白酶  0.0135
脂肪酶  0.12
增白剂  0.10
硅氧烷防沫组合物B  0.10
水/杂色破布  余量
100%
硅氧烷防沫组合物B
与二氧化硅交联的初级硅氧烷防沫剂
具有高分子量的直链聚二甲基硅氧烷  35.6
树脂状硅氧烷共聚多元醇  10.0
分子量为300的聚乙二醇  8.0
聚乙二醇/聚丙二醇的共聚物  42.0
磨碎的石英  11.0
采用上述的标准控制条件对上述配制的重垢型洗涤液进行泡沫控制试验。其泡沫控制特性由美国规格的洗涤设备中校准的泡沫测量器测定。其测定值为洗涤液在恒温下经热老化后的初始数值。其结果如下:
实例  泡沫尺寸:英寸
3  2.7(6.9cm)
根据本发明配制的带有硅氧烷防沫组合物B的重垢型洗涤液,甚至在加热老化后仍然呈现较少的泡沫。
实例4
按下述组合物配制一种浓缩的组合的重垢型洗涤液:
成分  重量%
C14_15烷基多乙氧基化(2.25)磺酸 21.00
1,2丙二醇  7.00
单乙醇胺  3.50
乙醇  5.00
氢氧化钠  3.00
多羟基C12_14脂肪酸酰胺 7.00
C12_14椰子脂肪酸 3.00
柠檬酸  6.00
硼酸  2.00
四亚乙基五胺乙氧基化物(15-18)  1.50
增白剂  0.12
硅氧烷防沫组合物B  0.10
水/杂色破布  余量
100%
硅氧烷防沫组合物B
与二氧化硅交联的初级硅氧烷泡沫抑制剂
具有高分子量的直链聚二甲基硅氧烷  35.6
树脂状硅氧烷共聚多元醇  10.0
分子量为300的聚乙二醇  8.0
聚乙二醇/聚丙二醇的共聚物  42.0
磨碎的石英,  11.0
实例5
按下述组合物配制一种浓缩的组合的重垢型洗涤液:
成分  重量%
C12.3直链烷基磺酸 17.00
1,2丙二醇  7.00
单乙醇胺  2.00
C12_13烷基多乙氧基化物(6.5) 6.00
乙醇  5.00
氢氧化钠  4.00
多羟基C12_14脂肪酸酰胺 9.00
C12_14椰子脂肪酸 9.00
柠檬酸  6.00
硼酸  2.00
四亚乙基五胺乙氧基化物(15-18)  1.00
增白剂  0.15
硅氧烷防沫组合物B  0.10
水/杂色破布  余量
100%
硅氧烷防沫组合物B
与二氧化硅交联的初级硅氧烷泡沫抑制剂
具有高分子量的直链聚二甲基硅氧烷  35.6
树脂状硅氧烷共聚多元醇  10.0
分子量为300的聚乙二醇  8.0
聚乙二醇/聚丙二醇的共聚物  42.0
磨碎的石英,  11.0

Claims (15)

1、一种均匀的液体洗涤剂组合物,其特征在于它包括:
a.按重量百分比计算约1~30%的多羟基脂肪酸酰胺;
b.按重量百分比计算约0.001~1%的硅氧烷防沫组合物,该组合物包括:(1)一种初级防沫剂的非水乳液,该防沫剂为混合物,该混合物包括(a)聚有机硅氧烷,(b)一种树脂状硅氧烷或形成硅氧烷树脂的硅氧烷化合物,(c)一种细颗粒填料和(d)一种促使上述成分(a),(b),(c),一起发生混合反应从而形成硅烷醇盐的催化剂;(2)至少一种非离子的硅氧烷表面活性剂;和(3)聚乙二醇或聚乙二醇/聚丙二醇的共聚物,上述聚乙二醇或共聚物在室温条件下,按重量百分比计算在水中的溶解度大于2%;另外上述硅氧烷防沫组合物中不含聚丙二醇;和
c按重量百分比计算约1~50%的阴离子的或两性的或另外一种非离子的表面活性剂。
2、根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其特征在于硅氧烷防沫组合物包括聚乙二醇和聚乙二醇/聚丙二醇的共聚物,上述聚乙二醇和共聚物的平均分子量约小于1000。
3、根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其特征在于非离子硅氧烷表面活性剂为树脂状硅氧烷和聚烯化氧的共聚物。
4、根据权利要求2所述的组合物,其特征在于硅氧烷防沫组合物按重量百分比计算约占0.01~0.7%。
5、根据权利要求4所述的组合物,其特征在于多羟基脂肪酸酰胺按重量百分比计算约占2~15%。
6、根据权利要求5所述的组合物,其特征在于硅氧烷防沫组合物包括聚乙二醇/聚丙二醇的共聚物及平均分子量为100~800的聚乙二醇。
7、根据权利要求6所述的组合物,其特征在于阴离子的或非离子的表面活性剂按重量的百分比计算约占10~30%。
8、根据权利要求7所述的组合物,其特征在于它包括按重量百分比计算约为2~15%的C12-18的N-乙酰基葡糖酰胺。
9、根据权利要求8所述的组合物,其特征在于非离子的表面活性剂为C10-20醇的缩合物,其中每摩尔醇约含环氧乙烷2~20摩尔。
10、根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其特征在于它包括二级防沫剂。
11、根据权利要求4所述的组合物,其特征在于按重量百分比计算,在室温条件下,聚乙二醇和聚乙二醇/聚丙二醇的共聚物在水中的溶解度约在5%以上。
12、根据权利要求11所述的组合物,其特征在于硅氧烷防沫组合物中不含环氧乙烷-环氧丙烷的嵌段共聚物。
13、根据权利要求12所述的组合物,其特征在于按重量比值计算,聚乙二醇与聚乙二醇/聚丙二醇的共聚物的比例约在1∶1~1∶10之间。
14、根据权利要求13所述的组合物,其特征在于二级防沫剂是粘度约为1,000厘沲的聚二甲基硅氧烷。
15、一种配制包括多羟基脂肪酸酰胺及硅氧烷防沫组合物的均匀液体洗涤剂组合物的方法,其步骤包括采用这样一种硅氧烷防沫组合物,该硅氧烷防沫组合物不包括聚丙二醇,而包括聚乙二醇或聚乙二醇/聚丙二醇的无规共聚物,上述聚乙二醇或无规共聚物在室温条件下,按重量百分比计算其在水中的溶解度约为2%以上。
CN93108915.8A 1992-06-15 1993-06-15 含有硅氧烷防沫剂的液体洗涤剂组合物 Expired - Fee Related CN1039349C (zh)

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