CN108307984A - A kind of fertile method of collection rain storage of mountain orchard - Google Patents

A kind of fertile method of collection rain storage of mountain orchard Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108307984A
CN108307984A CN201810178764.8A CN201810178764A CN108307984A CN 108307984 A CN108307984 A CN 108307984A CN 201810178764 A CN201810178764 A CN 201810178764A CN 108307984 A CN108307984 A CN 108307984A
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China
Prior art keywords
soil
nutrition
cave
grass bundle
hole
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CN201810178764.8A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
刘小勇
李红旭
韩富军
任静
彭海
班明辉
刘芬
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INSTITUTE OF FRUIT AND FLORICULTURE RESEARCH GANSU ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
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INSTITUTE OF FRUIT AND FLORICULTURE RESEARCH GANSU ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
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Priority to CN201810178764.8A priority Critical patent/CN108307984A/en
Publication of CN108307984A publication Critical patent/CN108307984A/en
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G13/00Protecting plants
    • A01G13/02Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
    • A01G13/0256Ground coverings
    • A01G13/0268Mats or sheets, e.g. nets or fabrics
    • A01G13/0275Films
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/28Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture specially adapted for farming

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Protection Of Plants (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to fruit tree cultivation technical field, the fertile method of collection rain storage of especially a kind of mountain orchard.It is suitble to Mountain Areas of Northwest, orchard to be widely applied.The present invention stores moisture and nutrient by grass bundle, use agriculture waste stalk and weeds, stalk waste material use scope is widened, it is sustained moisture and nutrient by grass bundle, the loss of reduction soil nutrient and Soil Environmental Pollution solve the problems, such as spring and summer fruit tree drought and water shortage, production cost has been saved, arid area planting fruit trees efficiency is improved.Grass bundle is put into nutrition cave naturally, and along grass bundle surrounding backfill hole soil, hole earthen backfill height is slightly below earth's surface;Grass bundle improves grass bundle and the contact area of soil in placing into the soil vertically, while supplementing rich water in nutrition cave, ensure that the liquid manure supply to fruit tree, promotes water supply fertilizer efficiency.Hole earthen backfill height is slightly below earth's surface convenient for collecting rainwater, while watering usage amount is also greatly decreased.

Description

A kind of fertile method of collection rain storage of mountain orchard
Technical field
The present invention relates to fruit tree cultivation technical field, the fertile method of collection rain storage of especially a kind of mountain orchard.It is suitble to west The Beishan Mountain, orchard be widely applied.
Technical background
Loess plateau orchard has the superior natural climate conditions such as soil layer is deep, illumination is sufficient, day and night temperature is big, production Nutrient quality it is excellent, receive consumers." the Jingning apple " of east Gansu, " the flower ox apple " of the sky and water etc. are all enjoyed Praise reputable brand both domestic and external.Gansu Province central and east fruit area belongs to arid, semiarid zone mostly, without irrigation conditions, by certainly Right precipitation maintains the normal growth and development of fruit tree, and arid becomes one of an important factor for restricting growth and development of fruit tree, serious to make About loess plateau orchard large-scale production.
The technology still efficiently utilized without suitable mountainous area of the Loess Plateau, drought-hit area orchard rich water at present for local natural climate It is open.The rich water cultivation technique for being badly in need of researching and developing suitable northern fruit area orchard planting is efficiently produced.
Invention content
The present invention solves prior art deficiency and provides a kind of loss of raising fruit tree rich water utilization ratio, reduction soil nutrient With Soil Environmental Pollution, the mountain for reducing production cost, ensureing arid area fruit tree normal growth and development, increasing hill farmer income Orchard rich water efficient technique of rainwater utilization and method.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problems is:
A kind of fertile method of collection rain storage of mountain orchard, includes the following steps:
A, grass bundle is prepared
The segment of 30 ~ 35cm of the agricultural crop straws such as maize straw, straw, beans stalk or weeds in field hand hay cutter growth, segment is bundled into The grass bundle of 15 ~ 25cm of diameter;
B, grass bundle is impregnated
Grass bundle is placed in biogas slurry, urine or water and is impregnated;
C, nutrition cave is dug
When early spring soil thaws, extends cave of digging pit at 50 ~ 70cm to trunk direction along tree crown outer rim upright projection to ground and formed Nutrition cave, nutrition 35 ~ 40cm of acupoint depth, hole soil is spare, and nutrition cave is in concentric arrays around trunk;
D, grass bundle is embedded to hole
Grass bundle is put into nutrition cave vertically, and along grass bundle surrounding backfill hole soil, hole earthen backfill height is slightly below earth's surface;
E, water overlay film
Water 3 ~ 5 kg in each nutrition cave, and with covering with ground sheeting nutrition cave, mulch surrounding is compact with soil, and mulch is pricked out above nutrition cave The permeable hole of diameter 2cm, permeable hole are pushed down with tile or stone.
Grass bundle is placed on 1 ~ 2 h of immersion in biogas slurry, the urine of volumetric concentration 5 % ~ 10 % or water by the step B.
Farm manure, calcium superphosphate and urea are added in the step D hole soil, wherein 5 ~ 10kg is added in each nutrition cave Farm manure, 50 ~ 100g calcium superphosphate and 50 ~ 100 g urea.
The hole earthen backfill height in the step D nutrition cave is less than 3 ~ 5cm of earth's surface;
The fruit tree of 3 ~ 4m of the step D tree crown crown diameters digs 4 ~ 6 nutrition caves, the fruit tree of 5 ~ 6m of tree crown crown diameter digs 6 ~ 8 nutrition caves.
The step E mulches select the polyethylene black mulch film of 0.02 ~ 0.03 mm of thickness, the mulch in each nutrition cave to cover Capping product is 1.5 ~ 2.0 m2, mulch surrounding is compact with soil.
Further include:
F, moisturizing getting fat
It is prosperous long-term to young sprout that annual fruit tree starts rudiment, when soil moisture content carries out supplementary irrigation less than 10%.
Fruit tree phase nutrition cave of bearing fruit increases 50 g of urea every time, and young sprout growth period nutrition cave is every after annual June It is secondary to increase 50 ~ 100 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
The farm manure carries out a point heap and ferments, and per 500 kg of heap, covers the soil layer of 3 ~ 5 cm thickness on fertile heap, and cover modeling Expect that film is fully decomposed, summer stacks 15 ~ 20 d, 20 ~ 30 d of spring and autumn.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1, the present invention stores moisture and nutrient by grass bundle, using agriculture waste stalk and weeds, has widened the use of stalk waste material Range by the loss of grass bundle sustained release moisture and nutrient reduction soil nutrient and Soil Environmental Pollution, solves spring and summer fruit tree The problem of drought and water shortage, has saved production cost, improves arid area planting fruit trees efficiency.It is suitble to Mountain Areas of Northwest, nonirrigated farmland fruit Garden is widely applied.
2, grass bundle is put into nutrition cave naturally, and along grass bundle surrounding backfill hole soil, hole earthen backfill height is slightly below Table;Vertically place into the soil middle promotion grass bundle and soil contact of grass bundle accumulates, while supplementing rich water in nutrition cave, ensure that fruit tree Liquid manure supply, promoted fruit tree water supply fertilizer efficiency.Hole earthen backfill height is slightly below earth's surface convenient for collecting rainwater, while also big Width reduces watering usage amount.
3, with covering with ground sheeting nutrition cave, mulch surrounding is compact with soil, and mulch pricks out the permeable of diameter 2cm above nutrition cave Hole, permeable hole are pushed down with tile or stone.To water in the future, top dressing and accept rainwater use.Aperture weight gland, prevents water Divide evaporation.Black mulch film is selected, in addition to Meteorological effect acts on, also helps elimination weeds in field.
The present invention provides a kind of insufficient practical technique of solution mountain orchard liquid manure, has collection rain, fertilizer conservation, soil moisture conservation Effect, this technology are made because of ground because of gesture, and materials are easy and convenient, reduce production cost, while combining collection rain and soil moisture conservation effect, It avoids orchard sward and fruit tree and the liquid manure of grass is caused to compete, to promoting fruit development that there is remarkable result.
Specific implementation mode
A kind of fertile method of collection rain storage of mountain orchard, includes the following steps:
A, grass bundle is prepared
The segment of 30 ~ 35cm of the agricultural crop straws such as maize straw, straw, beans stalk or weeds in field hand hay cutter growth, segment is bundled into The grass bundle of 15 ~ 25cm of diameter;
B, grass bundle is impregnated
Grass bundle is placed in biogas slurry, urine or water and is impregnated;
C, nutrition cave is dug
When early spring soil thaws, extends cave of digging pit at 50 ~ 70cm to trunk direction along tree crown outer rim upright projection to ground and formed Nutrition cave, nutrition 35 ~ 40cm of acupoint depth, hole soil is spare, and nutrition cave is in concentric arrays around trunk;
D, grass bundle is embedded to hole
Grass bundle is put into nutrition cave vertically, and along grass bundle surrounding backfill hole soil, hole earthen backfill height is slightly below earth's surface;
E, water overlay film
Water 3 ~ 5 kg in each nutrition cave, and with covering with ground sheeting nutrition cave, mulch surrounding is compact with soil, and mulch is pricked out above nutrition cave The permeable hole of diameter 2cm, permeable hole are pushed down with tile or stone.
Grass bundle is placed on 1 ~ 2 h of immersion in biogas slurry, the urine of volumetric concentration 5 % ~ 10 % or water by the step B.The step Addition farm manure, calcium superphosphate and urea in rapid D hole soil, wherein 5 ~ 10kg farm manures, 50 ~ 100g are added in each nutrition cave Calcium superphosphate and 50 ~ 100 g urea.The hole earthen backfill height in the step D nutrition cave is less than 3 ~ 5cm of earth's surface;The step D The fruit tree of 3 ~ 4 m of tree crown crown diameter digs 4 ~ 6 nutrition caves, the fruit tree of 5 ~ 6 m of tree crown crown diameter digs 6 ~ 8 nutrition caves.The step E Mulch selects the polyethylene black mulch film of 0.02 ~ 0.03 mm of thickness, and the covering with ground sheeting area in each nutrition cave is 1.5 ~ 2.0 m2, mulch surrounding is compact with soil.
Further include:F, moisturizing getting fat
It is prosperous long-term to young sprout that annual fruit tree starts rudiment, when soil moisture content carries out supplementary irrigation less than 10%.
Fruit tree phase nutrition cave of bearing fruit increases 50 g of urea every time, and young sprout growth period nutrition cave is every after annual June It is secondary to increase 50 ~ 100 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
The farm manure carries out a point heap and ferments, and per 500 kg of heap, covers the soil layer of 3 ~ 5 cm thickness on fertile heap, and cover modeling Expect that film is fully decomposed, summer stacks 15 ~ 20 d, 20 ~ 30 d of spring and autumn.
Nitrogenous fertilizer of the present invention is urea, and specially the mass percentage of N is 40-50%;The phosphate fertilizer was phosphorus Acid dihydride potassium, specially P2O5Mass percentage be the % of 12 % ~ 16;The organic fertilizer is by farm manure nature decomposition reactor system It forms, the % of quality of organic matter percentage composition >=16.
It is testing site to select the representational mountainous region theatre in Loess Plateau.Test variety is precocious strains, different tests Processing land occupation condition, the age of tree, planting density, field management are consistent.
It is experimental field located at the Tianshui of Gansu Province Qinan County lotus flower town villages Shang He pears Demonstration Garden, is located at N 35 ° 03 ' 9 ", E 105 ° 47 ' 44 ", 1492 m of height above sea level, 10.4 DEG C of average temperature of the whole year, 499 mm of average annual rainfall(Precipitation is in recent years Now drastically downward trend, part time are even lower than 400 mm), frost-free period is 176 d.It is experimental field rain-fed agriculture region, nothing Irrigation conditions, soil are loam, and soil layer is deep, loose.Soil pH value is 8.30, and the content of organic matter is 10.5 gkg-1, full nitrogen For 0.78 gkg-1, 0.76 gkg of full phosphorus-1, 23.0 gkg of full potassium-1, 37.1 mgkg of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen-1, available phosphorus 25.6 mg·kg-1, 133 mgkg of available potassium-1
In order to verify the actual effect of the present invention, test analysis is carried out with the following method:
Soil temperature and humidity measures:Observation was determined to precocious strains experiment Orchard Soil humiture in 2015 ~ 2016 years, using L93 - 5 intelligent temperature recorders(Hangzhou Lu Ge Science and Technology Ltd.s produce)Fixed point measures 0 ~ 20 cm and 20 ~ 40 cm soil under film Temperature, before spending, young fruit period, fruit expanding period, maturity period and first five period of falling leaves be observed, each period is continuous Observe 10 d.Soil water content is measured using oven drying method respectively at aforementioned five periods.
Young sprout growth measures:It stops growing the phase in pear tree young sprout(At the beginning of 7 months)It carries out, respectively tree crown four corners of the world etc. 4 It chooses young sprout and measures in orientation.
Fruit yield and quality determination:In fructescence 50 fruits are chosen in 1.5 ~ 2 m height randoms of tree crown respectively It is real, measure the index of quality such as the hardness of fruit, soluble solid and total sugar content;Single plant fruit number is counted, is measured average single Fruit weight, calculates single plant yield.Single fruit weight, hardness and soluble solid use ES-1000E type electronic balances (1000g respectively × 0.1g), GY-1 types fruit hardness meter and WYT type hand-held saccharous detectors measure, total reducing sugar is measured with Fehling method.
As a result with analysis:
Soil temperature and humidity:0 ~ 40 cm soil mean temperatures of theatre can be made to improve 1.2 DEG C ~ 2.5 using technical solution of the present invention DEG C, soil moisture content increases the % of 3 % ~ 7, is maintained at 15 % or more.In the northern area of China, early spring is dilute to spring and summer seasonal precipitation It is few, and mostly invalid precipitation, it is air-dried, evaporation capacity is big, by technique measure, can pass through ground by spring invalid precipitation Film concentrates in fruit tree rhizosphere soil, at the same mulch obstructed soil moisture it is a large amount of evaporation and play the role of soil moisture conservation, collection rain with The effect that preserves soil moisture is fairly obvious.
Growth status amount:Precocious strains tree body young sprout average length increases the % of 15 % ~ 30, and rugosity increases the % of 6 % ~ 13, leaf Piece amount of dry matter increases by 1.7 %, and leaf area significantly increases, blade thickness, dark green leaf color.
Fruit yield and quality:Precocious strains mean fruit weight increases the % of 8 % ~ 15.In Tianshui Region Gansu Province summer has set in 2016 with In the case of carrying out non-rainfall in continuous more than 40 days, mean fruit weight relatively control in precocious strains garden increases by 20 % or more, in fruit quality side Face, fruit increases, glossiness increases, and the hardness of fruit, soluble solid, total reducing sugar equal size and contrast difference be not notable.Volume increase, The effect of increasing income is very notable.
In conclusion technical method using the present invention, Growth status physically well develop, water-saving, section fertilizer can effectively improve fruit Product yield and economic benefit are notable to mountain area, drought-hit area orchard worker's the effect of increasing income.

Claims (9)

1. a kind of fertile method of collection rain storage of mountain orchard, it is characterised in that include the following steps:
A, grass bundle is prepared
The segment of 30 ~ 35cm of the agricultural crop straws such as maize straw, straw, beans stalk or weeds in field hand hay cutter growth, segment is bundled into The grass bundle of 15 ~ 25cm of diameter;
B, grass bundle is impregnated
Grass bundle is placed in biogas slurry, urine or water and is impregnated;
C, nutrition cave is dug
When early spring soil thaws, extends cave of digging pit at 50 ~ 70cm to trunk direction along tree crown outer rim upright projection to ground and formed Nutrition cave, nutrition 35 ~ 40cm of acupoint depth, hole soil is spare, and nutrition cave is in concentric arrays around trunk;
D, grass bundle is embedded to hole
Grass bundle is put into nutrition cave vertically, and along grass bundle surrounding backfill hole soil, hole earthen backfill height is slightly below earth's surface;
E, water overlay film
Water 3 ~ 5kg in each nutrition cave, and with covering with ground sheeting nutrition cave, mulch surrounding is compact with soil, and mulch is pricked out above nutrition cave The permeable hole of diameter 2cm, permeable hole are pushed down with tile or stone.
2. a kind of fertile method of collection rain storage of mountain orchard according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step B will be careless 1 ~ 2 h is impregnated being placed in biogas slurry, the urine of volumetric concentration 5 % ~ 10 % or water.
3. a kind of fertile method of collection rain storage of mountain orchard according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the holes step D Farm manure, calcium superphosphate and urea are added in the soil of cave, wherein 5 ~ 10kg farm manures, 50 ~ 100g peroxophosphoric acid are added in each nutrition cave Calcium and 50 ~ 100 g urea.
4. a kind of fertile method of collection rain storage of mountain orchard according to claim 3, it is characterised in that the step D nutrition The hole earthen backfill height in cave is less than 3 ~ 5cm of earth's surface.
5. a kind of fertile method of collection rain storage of mountain orchard according to claim 3, it is characterised in that the step D tree crowns The fruit tree of 3 ~ 4 m of crown diameter digs 4 ~ 6 nutrition caves, the fruit tree of 5 ~ 6 m of tree crown crown diameter digs 6 ~ 8 nutrition caves.
6. a kind of fertile method of collection rain storage of mountain orchard according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step E mulches The polyethylene black mulch film of 0.02 ~ 0.03 mm of thickness is selected, the covering with ground sheeting area in each nutrition cave is 1.5 ~ 2.0 m2, Mulch surrounding is compact with soil.
7. a kind of fertile method of collection rain storage of mountain orchard according to claim 1, it is characterised in that further include:
F, moisturizing getting fat
It is prosperous long-term to young sprout that annual fruit tree starts rudiment, when soil moisture content carries out supplementary irrigation less than 10%.
8. a kind of fertile method of collection rain storage of mountain orchard according to claim 3, it is characterised in that the fruit tree bears fruit Phase nutrition cave increases 50 g of urea every time, after annual June young sprout growth period nutrition cave increase every time potassium dihydrogen phosphate 50 ~ 100 g。
9. a kind of fertile method of collection rain storage of mountain orchard according to claim 8, it is characterised in that the farm manure into Row divides heap to ferment, and per 500 kg of heap, the soil layer of 3 ~ 5 cm thickness is covered on fertile heap, and plastic covering film is fully decomposed, summer heap Put 15 ~ 20 d, 20 ~ 30 d of spring and autumn.
CN201810178764.8A 2018-03-05 2018-03-05 A kind of fertile method of collection rain storage of mountain orchard Pending CN108307984A (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110352838A (en) * 2019-08-30 2019-10-22 宏大同德生态建设发展股份有限公司 Fruit tree liquid manure sustained release compression column and fertilising and water-saving irrigation method
CN113728859A (en) * 2021-08-19 2021-12-03 云南省农业科学院园艺作物研究所 Method for efficiently using fertilizer water in autumn, rain and winter in small-scale mountain apple orchard

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102246628A (en) * 2011-04-14 2011-11-23 山西大学 Rain collecting and fertilizer applying method for trees
CN204070020U (en) * 2014-07-07 2015-01-07 中国科学院生态环境研究中心 Arid region plant liquid manure keeping system
CN104718923A (en) * 2013-12-22 2015-06-24 重庆佰果香农业发展有限公司 Drought-resisting cultivation method for ginkgo trees
CN106034981A (en) * 2016-05-31 2016-10-26 山东胜伟园林科技有限公司 Underground hole storage-irrigation method capable of effectively promoting development of root system and application of underground hole storage-irrigation method in planting of euonymus alatus
CN107509571A (en) * 2016-06-17 2017-12-26 张永刚 A kind of apple hole storage section, which fills, matches somebody with somebody fertile dry farming integrated technology

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102246628A (en) * 2011-04-14 2011-11-23 山西大学 Rain collecting and fertilizer applying method for trees
CN104718923A (en) * 2013-12-22 2015-06-24 重庆佰果香农业发展有限公司 Drought-resisting cultivation method for ginkgo trees
CN204070020U (en) * 2014-07-07 2015-01-07 中国科学院生态环境研究中心 Arid region plant liquid manure keeping system
CN106034981A (en) * 2016-05-31 2016-10-26 山东胜伟园林科技有限公司 Underground hole storage-irrigation method capable of effectively promoting development of root system and application of underground hole storage-irrigation method in planting of euonymus alatus
CN107509571A (en) * 2016-06-17 2017-12-26 张永刚 A kind of apple hole storage section, which fills, matches somebody with somebody fertile dry farming integrated technology

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110352838A (en) * 2019-08-30 2019-10-22 宏大同德生态建设发展股份有限公司 Fruit tree liquid manure sustained release compression column and fertilising and water-saving irrigation method
CN113728859A (en) * 2021-08-19 2021-12-03 云南省农业科学院园艺作物研究所 Method for efficiently using fertilizer water in autumn, rain and winter in small-scale mountain apple orchard

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