CN204070020U - Arid region plant liquid manure keeping system - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the field of plant water and fertilizer maintenance, and discloses a plant water and fertilizer maintenance system in arid regions, which includes fertilizer pits evenly distributed around the plants, and grass handles soaked in urea solution are buried in each of the fertilizer pits. The top of the fertilizer pit is covered with a plastic film, and the plastic film has a watering port at a position corresponding to the fertilizer pit, and the watering port is covered with soil. The utility model realizes the purpose of providing fertilizer for plants for a long time by setting fertilizer pits around the plants, filling the grass handles soaked in urea in the fertilizer pits, and then laying plastic film on them; the microorganisms in the grass handles grow, The temperature of the soil around the plants is increased, and the absorption capacity of the plant root system to the water fee is improved; the watering ports are evenly distributed to make the irrigation more uniform; the watering ports are covered with tiles and soil, which is convenient for irrigation and helps to avoid moisture in the soil Being evaporated, the tiles can press the watering opening to prevent the mulch from being blown away by the wind.

Description

Plant Water and Fertilizer Conservation System in Arid Areas

technical field

The utility model relates to the technical field of plant water and fertilizer conservation, in particular to a plant water and fertilizer conservation system in arid regions.

Background technique

In the arid region of northern my country, the annual precipitation is small, the vegetation coverage rate is low, and the spring and autumn seasons are full of sandstorms, causing serious soil erosion. Therefore, effective afforestation methods in arid areas are very necessary. Taking the Loess Plateau as an example, the altitude is about 1,200 meters, the hills are yellow sandy soil, there are many winds and sands, and the annual precipitation is below 400 mm, forming the climate characteristics of "nine droughts in ten years, and floods if there is no drought". The ecological hazards caused by wind and sand hazards, soil erosion and drought have seriously restricted the local and national economic and social development, and constituted a severe challenge to the survival and development of the Chinese nation.

The practice of afforestation in the arid areas of Northwest China shows that bare mountains need to wear clothes and hats just like people. On the mountain where the trees are hard to survive, the methods of "wearing shoes, wearing hats, tying belts, sticking seals, and laying blankets" are adopted to prevent wind, fix sand, and maintain water and soil.

"Wearing shoes": In order to prevent the movement of sand and dry sand at the bottom of the mountain, river bed, and dry sand, people build protective forests at the bottom of the mountain and on both sides of the river, and plant shrubs densely, just like "wearing shoes" for people.

"Wear a hat": In order to fix the sand dunes, people dig trenches in the shape of a net on the flowing sand dunes.

"Pasting seals": A circular protective forest was built on the hillside to reduce the wind. At that time, people said it was "tied belts". In order to effectively seal gullies and block floods, dense afforestation was planted along wind-eroded gullies and at the intersections of sand and beams, that is, "sticking seals".

"Blanking": In order to prevent water evaporation in areas with thin sand layers, people plant perennial pastures in the form of "blanketing".

The "fish scale pit" on the hillside. Fish-scale pits are a method of soil and water conservation afforestation and site preparation. Half-moon-shaped pits are dug from top to bottom along the contour line on steep beam slopes and fragmented ditch slopes. They are arranged in the shape of a character and shaped like fish scales. Fish scale pit. The fish scale pit has a certain water storage capacity, and planting trees in the pit can preserve the soil, water, and fertilizer. People have concluded that "pine trees keep the soil and take roots to survive, poplars germinate early after soaking fully, caragana topping is good, seabuckthorn can't be watered with pulp, alfalfa can be caught early sowing seedlings, and the investment in self-managed nurseries is small", "raw soil ripens Divide the soil on both sides, step on it once and step on it to spread the roots, and do not loosen the water in one hole" and other traditional afforestation methods.

Wei Yi and others put forward the "tree planting method in arid areas", which consists of bagging technology, perforation technology, guest soil technology, and drip irrigation technology.

The above methods are developed on the basis of traditional methods to deal with different geographical conditions, and continue the traditional method of "planting-watering-filling seedlings". The irrigation methods are mainly traditional flood irrigation and drip irrigation. The cost is high, and because the survival rate is low, the cost of supplementing seedlings also remains high.

Although "the method of planting trees in arid areas" has solved the problem of the survival rate of trees planted in arid areas to a certain extent, it also has certain drawbacks. First, the seedlings that have been planted and survived cannot use this technology; second, the root system of the seedlings is easy to be injured during the root wrapping process; third, the root system wrapped by the film cannot absorb water immediately when the external water conditions are good, and is blocked. The ratio of the water absorbed by the root system to the runoff and infiltration is reduced; fourth, this method cannot effectively increase the ground temperature, and does not improve the low ground temperature in the arid areas of Northwest China.

Although the guest-soil technology has solved the problem of planting trees under various soil conditions, the cost of this technology is relatively high, and the survival rate of tree planting is not high.

In summary, the main problems of the prior art are: immediate irrigation when drought occurs, no expense spared, water and fertilizer wasted, and low survival rate. According to surveys, taking Youyu County, Shanxi Province as an example, plantations under 3 years old need to be watered 4-5 times a year, and the annual irrigation cost per mu is about 5,000 yuan, and the three-year survival rate is about 60%. For example, the price of each pine tree was about 15 yuan, and the cost of seedling replacement was about 600 yuan per mu per year.

Utility model content

(1) Technical problems to be solved

The technical problem to be solved by the utility model is: the existing measures such as "wearing shoes, wearing a hat, tying a belt, sticking a seal, laying a blanket" have continued the method of "planting-watering-replenishing seedlings", and its irrigation is based on the traditional The flood irrigation and drip irrigation methods are mainly used, not only the irrigation cost is high, but also the cost of supplementing seedlings remains high due to the low survival rate.

(2) Technical solution

In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the utility model provides a water and fertilizer maintenance system for plants in arid areas, which includes fertilizer pits evenly distributed around the plants, and grass handles soaked in urea solution are buried in each of the fertilizer pits. The top of the fertilizer pit is covered with a plastic film, and the plastic film has a watering port at a position corresponding to the fertilizer pit, and the watering port is covered with soil.

Wherein, the grass handles are crop stalks or weeds, the grass handles are wrapped with hemp ropes, and the grass handles and the hemp ropes are wrapped with a protective layer, and a number of small holes are opened on the protective layer.

Wherein, tiles are laid at the watering mouth, and soil is covered on the tiles.

Wherein, the fertilizer pit includes one or more.

Wherein, both the mulch film and the straw protective layer are polyethylene films.

(3) Beneficial effects

The above-mentioned technical scheme has the following advantages: the utility model is a water and fertilizer maintenance system for plants in arid regions. By setting up fertilizer pits around the plants, the grass soaked with urea is buried in the fertilizer pits, and then the plastic film is laid on it. It achieves the purpose of providing fertilizer for plants for a long time; the growth of microorganisms in grass handles increases the temperature of the soil around the plants and improves the ability of plant roots to absorb water costs; the uniform distribution of water outlets makes irrigation more uniform; the water outlet coverage There are tiles and soil, which is convenient for irrigation and helps to prevent the water in the soil from being evaporated. The tiles can press the watering port to prevent the mulch from being blown away by the wind.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of the water and fertilizer maintenance system for plants in arid regions of the present invention.

Among them, 1. Watering port; 2. Fertilizer pit; 3. Grass handle; 4. Plant; 5. Plastic film.

Detailed ways

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment, the specific embodiment of the utility model is described in further detail. The following examples are used to illustrate the utility model, but not to limit the scope of the utility model.

As shown in Figure 1, a plant water and fertilizer maintenance system in arid areas of the present utility model includes one or more fertilizer pits 2 evenly distributed around the plants 4, each of which is filled with fertilizers soaked in urea solution. The grass handle 3 that has passed, the top of the fertilizer pit 2 is covered with a plastic film 5, and the plastic film 5 has a watering port 1 at a position corresponding to the fertilizer pit 2, and the watering port 1 is covered with soil. The grass handle 3 is crop stalks or weeds, and the grass handle 3 is wrapped with a hemp rope, and the grass handle 3 is wrapped with a protective layer, and a number of small holes are opened on the protective layer. Both the mulch film 5 and the grass handle 3 protective layer are polyethylene films.

When making straw 3, agricultural waste, such as buckwheat stalks, flax stalks, corn stalks, wheat stalks or weeds are cut into 20-30 cm long sections, and bundled into diameters of 10-15 cm grass 3 (with The hemp rope is tied up and down three times and tied as tightly as possible), and then soaked in 5-10% urea solution for more than 48 hours to allow it to absorb enough water and fertilizer. When soaking, 0.5% long-acting insecticides and long-acting fungicides can be added to the urea solution. Then wrap the soaked grass 3 and hemp rope with 0.03mm polyethylene film, and make 5-8 small holes with a diameter of 3-5 cm on the polyethylene film, so that water and fertilizer can circulate with the soil around the root system .

According to the size of plant 4 canopy, determine the quantity of fertilizer pit 2. General 1-3 year-old saplings can offer 3 fertilizer pits 2 in an equilateral triangle on the periphery, about 15-20 centimeters in diameter, slightly larger than the diameter of grass handle 3, and the deep 20-30 centimeters of fertilizer pits 2; 3-5 years old Sapling, can be in a square and offers 4 fertilizer pits 2, and diameter is the same as above, and pit depth is about 30-40 centimetre; 5-10 year old big tree can dig 5-6 fertilizer pits 2, pit depth 35-50 centimetre, and soil layer is relatively When thin, the fertilizer pit 2 can be suitably shallow, but must be about 5 centimeters higher than the grass handle 3 of embedding. The fertilizer pit 2 is set at a slightly inner position on the edge of the crown projection.

After the fertilizer pit 2 is dug, put the treated grass 3 vertically into the pit, then mix 50 grams of potassium chloride, 50 grams of superphosphate, and 50 grams of urea with the soil dug out from the hole, and then backfill the grass 3 around, and press tightly. Cover the soil with a thickness of 1-3 cm on the top of the fertilizer pit 2, apply 50 grams of urea, and then pour enough water, about 5 kg of water in each fertilizer pit 2.

The plastic film 5 is made of polyethylene film with a thickness of 0.03mm. Each small tree of 1-3 years covers 4-5 square meters, and each large tree of 3-5 years covers 6-8 square meters. Evenly compact, and at the center position of each fertilizer pit 2, open the watering mouth 1 of diameter 0.5-1 centimeter with plastic film 5, for watering, topdressing or accepting rainwater usefulness. The watering port 1 is usually covered tightly with tiles, and then compacted with soil to prevent moisture from evaporating. When needing watering, by the watering hole of plastic film 5, every fertilizer pit 2 waters about 5 kilograms. After pouring, press the holes with tiles and soil blocks to prevent the wind from breaking the polyethylene film.

1) Determination of the number of fertilizer pits 2 around seedlings of different ages. Preferably, 3 fertilizer pits 2 are set for seedlings under 3 years old; 4 fertilizer pits 2 are set for 5-10-year-old saplings; Fertilizer pit 2 is set too much or too little all is unfavorable for maximally bringing into play the advantage of this technology. There are too many fertilizer pits 2, which on the one hand increase the costs of grass handle 3, fertilizer and labor, and on the other hand cause too much fertilizer, which may damage the root system of trees. The fertilizer pit 2 is too little, and the amount of water and fertilizer is not enough to maintain the needs of trees growing within a year.

2) Grass wraps 3 with polyethylene film. After 3 months, the water content of the grass treated with film wrapping is about 52%, and the water content of the surrounding soil is about 15.7%. The water content is about 13%. It shows that the grass handle 3 wrapped in film can provide water and fertilizer for trees for a long time.

3) The concentration of the urea solution of soaking grass 3 is between 5-10%. Too high urea concentration not only increases the fertilizer cost, but also the fertilizer effect cannot be well exerted under certain water conditions, and urea lower than 5% cannot provide sufficient nitrogen fertilizer for trees.

4) After the grass handle 3 is buried, the plastic film 5 will be placed on the top of the fertilizer pit 2, and the surroundings will be compacted with soil. After covering the fertilizer pit 2 with a film, it can be guaranteed that the moisture will not evaporate from above, but the holes on the grass 3 will continuously penetrate into the soil around the root system to provide nourishment for the saplings.

For the arid regions in Northwest China, the main factors restricting the survival rate of afforestation are moisture and temperature, and low soil moisture content and low ground temperature are the main reasons for tree death. The technical scheme of the application has obvious effects on maintaining soil moisture and soil nutrients and increasing ground temperature. Compared with the prior art, after adopting the technical solution disclosed in this application:

First, in the growing season of the plant 4, the soil water content can be maintained at about 15%, which is fully suitable for the growth and development of the plant 4;

Second, the straw 3 is composed of straw or weeds. After the grass 3 is buried in the ground, the effective temperature of the soil can be increased through the activities of the microorganisms in the grass 3, and the soil temperature around the roots is increased by 1-3 degrees Celsius, which is great. Promote root activity and enhance the ability of plant roots to absorb soil nutrients and water;

Third, the root soil has sufficient water, suitable temperature and good air permeability, which is conducive to the release of soil nutrients. The content of available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the soil increased by 55.1%, 43.4% and 50.3% respectively.

Fourth, when grass 3 is decomposed by microorganisms, a large amount of carbon dioxide will be produced, which will reduce the pH value of the soil, increase the solubility of insoluble trace element compounds, increase the availability of trace nutrients in the soil, and increase the iron content in the soil by 9.1 %, the content of zinc element increased by 7.3%, and the content of boron element increased by 3.3%, which is helpful for the absorption and utilization of the root system.

Fifth, the annual irrigation times of 1-3 year old seedlings are reduced to 1-2 times, water consumption is reduced by more than 50%, irrigation cost is reduced from 5000 yuan per mu to 2500 yuan per mu, and the cost is reduced by 50%; 3 years of survival The rate has been increased from 60% to 85%, and the cost of seedling replacement for 1-3 years has been reduced from 600 yuan per mu to 125 yuan per mu.

Sixth, take Youyu County, Shanxi Province as an example. The forest coverage rate in this county is 53%, and the newly-added afforestation area is more than 40,000 mu every year. After adopting the technical solution announced in this application, the entire county can save more than RMB 100 million in new afforestation costs every year.

Seventh, the technology has huge social and ecological benefits. It not only solves the difficulty of afforestation in arid areas of our country, but also saves the local water resources that are already scarce. The 5-10 year old trees have good water storage capacity, which can provide good conditions for the growth of shrubs and grasses under the trees. It can effectively improve wind and sand invasion and soil erosion.

It can be seen from the above examples that the technical solution disclosed by the utility model has obvious effects on improving the physical and chemical properties of the soil in arid regions, improving the ability to retain water and fertilizer, cultivating tree bodies, ensuring the survival rate of trees, and reducing irrigation costs. The method has the characteristics of simple method, easy material acquisition, less investment, quick effect, water saving and the like, and can be widely used in arid and water-shortage areas.

The above is only the preferred embodiment of the utility model, it should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the technical principle of the utility model, some improvements and replacements can also be made. And replacement should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims (5)

1. an arid region plant liquid manure keeping system, it is characterized in that, comprise and be evenly distributed on plant (4) manure pit (2) around, in each described manure pit (2), all landfill has the grass soaked through urea liquid (3), described manure pit (2) top is coated with mulch film, described mulch film has in the position of corresponding manure pit and waters the mouth of a river (1), waters the mouth of a river (1) place and is coated with soil.

2. arid region plant liquid manure keeping system as claimed in claim 1; it is characterized in that; described grass is crops straw or weeds (3); described grass is wound with the rope made of hemp outside (3); described grass, (3) and rope made of hemp outer wrap matcoveredn, described protective layer has some apertures.

3. arid region plant liquid manure keeping system as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described in water the mouth of a river (1) place and be covered with tile, soil covers above tile.

4. arid region plant liquid manure keeping system as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described manure pit (2) comprises one or more.

5. arid region plant liquid manure keeping system as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described mulch film and grass are polyethylene film (3) protective layer.