CN108287950A - Simulation of water quality method based on control unit quality of water environment objective management - Google Patents
Simulation of water quality method based on control unit quality of water environment objective management Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of simulation of water quality methods based on control unit quality of water environment objective management, including step：Establish database；Divide land-based area control unit and river subelement；Using the flow of hydraulic model analogue computer grid, water surface area and water body volume；Non-point Source Pollutants yield in pollution sources is calculated using output factor model, calculate the pollutant of sewage draining exit enters river sewage quantity, pollutional load concentration；The water quality of computing unit grid is simulated using one-dimensional water quality model；Analogy method in invention is also using burst risk accidents blowdown water quality model, the situation of change of accident the pollutant transmission in the network of waterways and downstream quality in watershed after simulation burst Water environments simulation accident blowdown.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to monitoring water environment, management and protection fields, and in particular to one kind being based on control unit water environment matter
Measure the simulation of water quality method of objective management.
Background technology
Described control unit, is using the division region in basin as unit, in unit in water environmental planning and management
Disposal of pollutants concentration and total amount propose control measure, are finally reached recovery and safeguard the purpose of river basin water quality.It establishes
Water quality target management on the basis of control unit is a kind of environmental capacity of water overall control technology.
The water quality model for establishing basin is the key technology point for realizing control unit water quality target management, appropriate by selecting
Water quality model, establish the input response relation of pollutant emission and water quality, pollutant can be described in basin perimeter at any time
With spatial migration and transformation rule, its influence factor is studied, it can also be on the basis of the parameter calibration of science, to water ring
Border development trend is predicted.Basin water environment model can be used for Water Environment Simulation and evaluation, carry out water quality forecast and prediction, auxiliary
It helps and formulates the water quality management etc. that pollutant emission standard, water quality planning and auxiliary carry out waters, be basin water environment planning, pipe
Reason, the important tool of research.After decades of development, modelling technique has become the weight of developed countries water environment management
Want tool.On the one hand, show in the quantity of model：So far, it is announced according to research and development portion of US Gov Env Protection Agency
Related basin water environment prototype software just has more than 60, is widely used in basin pollutant and generates and transition process, water environment mistake
Journey simulation, fractions distribution calculate, aquatile grows and ecological effect is simulated etc.；On the other hand, show in the scale of model：
Basin water environment model from it is simple, isolated, dispersion hydrological model, area model and water quality model constantly carry out development and it is complete
It is kind, interpenetrating, coupling combination gradually between the different submodules and model related with other between model therein
Develop to integrate water environmental management model by the basin of core of quality in watershed management.BASINS、EPA TMDL
The promotion and application of the basins such as Toolbox and WMS hybrid model systems become the representative achievements in this direction.
For the better application model in basin water environment management and planning, U.S.EPA 2005 is at it
65 models that TMDLs is widely used in the works are assessed after carrying out and are pointed out, are selected and are suitble to towards actual characteristic and requirement objective
Model, be implementation model technology be applied to management decision-making support basis and premise.The modeling of China's environmental management
It starts late, in recent years SWAT, although states' external model such as MIKE BASIN, SPARROW is tested in China part basin
Using, but because model needs professional technician to operate, basic data is difficult to obtain, model checking lacks method standard etc.
Variety of problems, seriously limit model popularization and application, far can not adapt to the work such as environmental planning, management it is scientific, standardize,
The actual demand of standardization.
Invention content
What the present invention solved be basic data existing for simulation of water quality model in the prior art be difficult to obtain, model checking
The technical issues of lacking method standard, and then offer one kind is easy to operate, it is insufficient to make up basic data and can have effect
The suitable simulation of water quality method based on control unit quality of water environment objective management of card.
The present invention solve the technical solution that uses of above-mentioned technical problem for：
A kind of simulation of water quality method based on control unit quality of water environment objective management, includes the following steps：
(1) database is established, including：Basin geographic information database includes the geographic information data in basin；The hydrology, gas
As, water monitoring data library, the hydrology, water quality data and the corresponding weather data of meteorological site in basin are included；Basin
Emissions data, basin social economy and the demographic information's data of all kinds of pollution sources in basin are included in environmental statistic data library；Mould
Shape parameter database includes the production discharge coefficient, pollution sources river pollutant sources, Conventional pollution transmission-degradation system of Typical Sources
Number, poisonous and harmful substance transmission-degradation coefficient；(2) it is multiple non-uniform flow sections by river Preliminary division, then by each section
Multiple sub- computing units are divided into, finally determine the entire water-based sub- computing unit grid in basin；(3) basin non-point source is used to produce
Blowdown model calculates the dirty amount of non-point source production, including the non-point source analyzed in each control unit produces blowdown feature, extracts valley environment
Number in staqtistical data base, basin geographic information database, the hydrology, meteorology, water monitoring data library and model parameter data library
According to using Non-point Source Pollutants yield in basin non-point source production discharge coefficient model accounting pollution sources；Non-point source includes cities and towns
Life source, livestock and poultry cultivation source, planting industry face source, life in the countryside face source and city non-point source；(4) hydrology computational methods are used to determine
The hydrologic condition of section；River section hydrology Meteorological Characteristics are analyzed, the availability of hydrographic data is analyzed, selects applicable hydrology interpolation
Method：If when there are hydrologic monitoring website in the upstream and downstream of existing section, extract in the hydrology, meteorology, water monitoring data library
Data on flows, the flow of the section is calculated using natural runoff reduction method；When the section lacks upstream and downstream hydrology prison
When survey station point, the hydrographic data in the basin is can extract, the essentially identical section of hydrologic condition is found, is estimated using hydrologic assimilation method
Calculate the flow of the section；Based on the flow, the water surface area and water body volume of the section are further calculated；(5) it is based on
Step (3), the calculating data of (4), using the one-dimensional network of waterways hydrodynamic force water quality model method in basin to the water quality of sub- computing unit into
Row simulation, including：The first step, extract basin geographic information database in pollution sources, sewage draining exit and intake location information,
And the adjacent sewage draining exit in same sub- computing unit is generally changed；Extract all kinds of points described in valley environment staqtistical data base
The calculating achievement of source emission data and step (3) is further counted according to the river pollutant sources described in model parameter data library
That calculates the pollutant of the sewage draining exit after generalization enters river sewage quantity, pollutional load concentration；According to the calculating achievement of step (4), use
River hydrodynamic model method calculates section flow conditions；Second step carries out the one-dimensional water quality model using independent data
Verification and calibration make the simulation precision of the one-dimensional water quality model be not less than 80%；Using by verifying and the water quality after calibration
Model calculates each computing unit grid pollutional load concentration.
The geographic information data in the basin that the basin geographic information database is included include land-based area range, administrative division,
The position of River, topography and geomorphology, hydrometeorological website, water quality monitoring section and all kinds of pollution sources, sewage draining exit and intake
Confidence ceases.
Further include step in step (5)：Utilize One-dimensional River burst risk accidents simulation model, extraction model parameter number
According to the Conventional pollution transmission described in library or the degradation coefficient in poisonous and harmful substance transmission-degradation coefficient database, simulation
The situation of change of downstream quality in watershed after burst Water environments simulation accident blowdown.
The river hydrodynamic model method includes river level-discharge relation method, Manning formula method；The basin is one-dimensional
Network of waterways hydrodynamic force water quality model method includes the constant blowdown one-dimensional stable degradation water quality model in river.
In step (5), when generally being changed to the sewage draining exit, for the sewage draining exit of point source, it can will be located at same height
The sewage draining exit for being generalized as a concentration in the multiple sewage draining exits closed in computing unit grid；The pollutant of sewage draining exit enters river
The computational methods of sewage quantity and pollutional load concentration include：1) correspondence between sewage draining exit and pollution sources is determined；2) it calculates
Pollution sources enter to converge distance to sewage draining exit；3) according to entering to converge distance, river pollutant sources are determined；4) to all of each sewage draining exit
Pollution sources are added up, and obtain the sewage draining exit enters river sewage quantity and pollutional load concentration.
For the sewage draining exit of non-point source, general chemical conversion is line floss hole of the section along journey, influences section starting with each non-point source
The point of point and terminal is as line of demarcation, by each impacted sub- computing unit net in pollution sources load mean allocation to range
Lattice.
In step (2) by the river reach's dividing with essentially identical waterpower, water quality characteristic and parameter value be same section,
The waterpower and/or water quality characteristic of each section then differ；Sub- computing unit is the least unit of simulation of water quality, and each section is by whole
Several sub- computing units are constituted.
Section and sub- computing unit to division encode respectively, between the clear network of waterways connection and enter converge topology close
System.
By the river reach's dividing with essentially identical waterpower, water quality characteristic and parameter value be same section after, then will tool
There is the section of sensitive spot to be further divided into upstream, the independent section in two, downstream in sensitive spot, the sensitive spot include with
Any one in lower position：Control unit division limits；At water environmental function subregion；River is dry, tributary intersection；Water quality is supervised
Survey station point；At hydraulic characteristic significant changes, wherein the hydraulic characteristic refers to any one in flow velocity, the depth of water, river width；It is tidal
At the boundary of section.
It is by all sub- computing unit mesh generations：Source water unit grid is the source water in basin；Branch flows into money order member
Grid has the non-source water unit grid of branch afflux；General cell grid, the not non-source water unit net of branch afflux
Lattice；Wherein, for the source water unit grid, the sewage draining exit is generalized as in the centre position of the source water unit grid
Enter to converge；Money order member grid is flowed into for the branch, is generalized as the upstream section start that tributary flows into money order member grid in the branch
It imports, the interposition that the sewage draining exit is generalized as flowing into money order member grid in the branch is placed in remittance.
In the present invention, on the basis of clear basin perimeter, land-based area control unit and channel unit are divided.Land-based area unit is drawn
Divide and consider river charge for remittance feature and Administrative boundaries, basin is divided into a series of control units.On this basis, in step (2)
Basin river charge for remittance feature and Administrative boundaries will be considered, according to the process for dividing, being adjusted layer by layer from bottom to top step by step from top to bottom
Carry out, basin land-based area is in turn divided into a series of control zone-control unit-control subelement, to reflect basin nature item
The difference of blowdown and quality of water environment is produced caused by part and social and economic condition Spatial Difference feature.Control unit is to carry out water
The most basic unit of environmental quality objective management.River data are organized with section, and are associated with the foundation of land-based area control unit, will be had
It is same section, the waterpower and/or water quality of each section to have the river reach's dividing of essentially identical waterpower, water quality characteristic and parameter value
Characteristic then differs；Sub- computing unit is the least unit of simulation of water quality, and each section is made of the sub- computing unit of integer.Generally
The river subelement of change is simultaneously not required to stringent isometric, but the sub- computing unit network of waterways after generalization is in conveyance power of water and Regulation capacity etc.
Aspect should be almost the same with practical river water.
In practical applications, section and computing unit, which are analyzed and encoded according to topological relation, arranges.To the section of division and
Computing unit is encoded respectively, between the clear network of waterways connection and the topological relation that enters to converge.For the standard network of waterways, section and
Computing unit coding key step include：1) principle larger according to catchment area determines trunk river, with trunk river source
Head is starting point, and downstream is from upstream to since 1 and is numbered by ascending order to mainstream section；2) when encountering river fork, that is, there is tributary remittance
Fashionable, pause, which is numbered, simultaneously records current number value N, while being traced back to tributary source along entering to converge tributary, and tributary source is numbered and is remembered
For N+1, tributary section is numbered successively by upstream to downstream sequence along tributary, enters to converge mouth until reaching branch and flowing into mainstream,
Record current number value M；3) present encoding section is repositioned to mainstream, since M+1, continued below dry to entering to converge mouth
Stream section is numbered successively by upstream to downstream sequence；4) above procedure is repeated, until reaching basin outlet, section is completed and compiles
Code；5) traverse section successively according to coding, to the computing unit of the division of each section according to the sequence from upstream to downstream according to
Secondary coding is ultimately formed since the source of mainstream, until the ascending order number of the continuous section of basin outlet and computing unit.
The model that simulation of water quality method of the present invention based on control unit quality of water environment objective management uses is whole
Basin non-point source production discharge coefficient model, hydrology interpolation computing method, river hydrodynamic model method, the one-dimensional water quality in river are closed
Model method etc..Wherein, hydrodynamic model method in river includes river level-discharge relation method, Manning formula method；River one
Dimension water quality model method includes the constant blowdown one-dimensional stable degradation water quality model in river, One-dimensional River burst risk accidents simulation
A variety of model methods such as model, specifically include：
One, non-point source produces discharge coefficient model method
Pollutant output factor is the standard of the pollutant total load exported under certain Land-Use in the unit interval
Change estimation, mostly uses the load of unit interval unit area to indicate.Output factor method refers to utilizing pollutant output factor
Come estimate basin output non-point source pollution loading, be a kind of easy non-point source pollution loading evaluation method of lump type.Output factor
Model is then a kind of concrete embodiment of output factor method, is to be polluted every year on Watershed Scale using semi approach to calculate,
It is substantially a kind of lumped model of semi such as total nitrogen, the mathematics weighted formula of total phosphorus total load.Due to the source in basin
Pollutional load and the land use pattern in basin are closely related, therefore, utilize the basin land use class being relatively easily available
The data such as type directly establish the pass of basin land use pattern and non-point pollution output quantity by multiple linear correlation analysis
System obtains region non-point pollution total load then by summing to separate sources pollutional load.
1, livestock and poultry cultivation source
The calculating of livestock and poultry breeding industry non-point source pollution loading is shown below：
Q=∑s Ai*Ti*Ej
In formula：Q is livestock and poultry breeding industry non-point source pollution loading discharge capacity, ton/year, AiFor the cultivation of i class livestock and poultry cultivation types
Breeding stock, head (only)；TiFor the production dirt coefficient of i class livestock and poultry cultivations, gram/day；EjThe processing effect for the treatment of for cow manure mode is cultivated for j kinds
Rate.
With reference to the evaluation method of correlative study, it is metastable to regard the breeding stock of ox, pig, sheep and poultry as current year one
The number of animals raised, under the premise of not considering breeding cycle, Pollution from livestock and poultry produce dirt coefficient (Ti) calculation formula is：
Livestock pollution object yield (Ti)=Animal fecal pollution day excretion coefficient (kilogram/first year) × fecaluria pollutant load
(g kg).
2, planting industry face source
Planting industry face source stream vector is estimated using standard farmland method." standard farmland " refers to that Plain, long-term cropping are small
Wheat, soil types are loam, applying quantity of chemical fertilizer is 25-35kg/ (mu year), agriculture of the precipitation within the scope of 400-800mm
Field.
For practical farmland, need in view of its actual grade, proportion of crop planting type, soil property, applying quantity of chemical fertilizer
Necessary amendment is carried out to source strength coefficient on the basis of standard farmland with factors such as Rainfall distributions：
A. gradient amendment (aGradient amendment)
The soil gradient is at 25 ° hereinafter, loss coefficient is 1.0-1.2；25 ° or more, loss coefficient 1.2-1.5.Utilize stream
Domain geographic information database analyzes the mean inclination in arable land, determines corresponding modifying factor.
B. crop type amendment (bCrop type amendment)
Using chief crops such as corn, sorghum, wheat, barley, rice, soybean, cotton, oil plant, sugar material, economic forests as grinding
Study carefully object, determines the contaminant stream of Different Crop positive coefficient in bad repair.
C. soil types amendment (cSoil types amendment)
Agricultural land soil is classified by quality, i.e., according in soil constituent clay and sand ratio classify, point
For sand, loam and clay.With loam for 1.0；Sand correction factor is 1.0-0.8；Clay correction factor is 0.8-0.6.Needle
Watershed soil types, takes 0.9-1.0.
D. applying quantity of chemical fertilizer amendment (dApplying quantity of chemical fertilizer amendment)
Chemical fertilizer mu amount of application is in 25kg hereinafter, correction factor takes 0.8-1.0；Between 25-35, correction factor takes 1.0-
1.2；In 35kg or more, correction factor takes 1.2-1.5.
E. precipitation amendment (ePrecipitation amendment)
It is 0.6-1.0 that annual rainfall takes loss coefficient in the areas below 400mm；Annual rainfall 400~800mm it
Between area take loss coefficient be 1.0-1.2；It is 1.2-1.5 that annual rainfall takes loss coefficient in the area of 800mm or more.Basin
Average annual precipitation determines precipitation modifying factor in 600-300mm according to basin annual precipitation figure and arable land distribution map.
Planting industry load discharge capacity formula is as follows：
In formula, EPlantationFor basin planting industry load discharge capacity, ton/year；EStandard farmlandFor basin " standard farmland " cropping pattern
Loss coefficient, thousand grams/acre of years；ACropping pattern, iThe cultivated area of the i-th class cropping pattern, mu are used for basin；aGradient amendmentFor the gradient
Modifying factor, dimensionless；bCrop type amendmentFor crop type amendment, dimensionless；cSoil types amendmentFor soil types amendment, dimensionless；
dApplying quantity of chemical fertilizer amendmentFor applying quantity of chemical fertilizer amendment, dimensionless；ePrecipitation amendmentFor precipitation amendment, dimensionless.
3, life in the countryside face source
Life in the countryside disposal of pollutants situation is according to each control control unit people in the countryside and average people in the countryside pollutional load
Discharge capacity determines, is shown below：
W=3.65AF
In formula, W is life in the countryside face source load discharge capacity, ton/year；A is people in the countryside, ten thousand people；F lives for rural resident
Discharge coefficient, gram/(man day).
4, city non-point source
Using standard municipal production discharge coefficient method estimation urban runoff face source stream vector.The definition of so-called " standard municipal "
For：It is located in flat-bottomed land, city nonagricultural population is between 1,000,000~2,000,000, and construction land area is in 100km2Left and right, year drop
Water is between 400~800mm, city of the urban rainwater collection pipe network popularity rate between 50~70%, standard municipal source strength
Coefficient is 50 tons/year of COD, 12 tons/year of ammonia nitrogen.
Method considers to influence a number of factors of urban runoff, compare quasi- assessment completed region of the city features of terrain, urban population,
The concrete conditions such as city area, rainfall and pipe network covering, further into row coefficient amendment on the basis of standard municipal：
A. landform correction factor (TCity)
City is divided into plain city, mountain city, 3 kinds of hills city situation by landform, provides landform amendment system respectively
Number.Wherein, it is 1 that plain city, which takes landform correction factor,；It is 3.8 that mountain city, which takes correction factor,；Hills city takes correction factor
It is 2.5.
B. population correction factor (PCity)
Divide city nonagricultural population to 1,000,000 people or less, 1,000,000~2,000,000,2,000,000~5,000,000,5,000,000 or more 4 kinds
Situation provides population correction factor respectively.Wherein, it is 0.3 that population correction factor is taken below 1,000,000 people；1000000~2,000,000 it
Between take correction factor be 1；It is 2.3 that correction factor is taken between 2000000~5,000,000；5000000 or more take correction factor be 3.3.
C. Area modificatory coefficient (ACity)
By completed region of the city Line Integral 75km2Below, 75~150km2, 150~250km2、250km2Above 4 kinds of situations,
Area modificatory coefficient is provided respectively.Wherein, 75km2It is 0.5 to take Area modificatory coefficient below；75~150km2Between take amendment be
Number is 1；150~250km2Between take correction factor be 1.6；250km2It is 2.3 to take correction factor above.
D. rainfall correction factor (RCity)
Divide annual rainfall to 3 kinds of 400mm or less, 400~800mm, 800mm or more situations, provides rainfall amendment system respectively
Number.Wherein, it is 0.7 that 400mm or less, which takes rainfall correction factor,；It is 1 that correction factor is taken between 400~800mm；800mm or more takes
Correction factor is 1.4.
E. pipe network correction factor (PThe cities n)
By 30% or less rainwater-collecting pipe network coverage rate point, 30~50%, 50%~70%, 70% or more 4 kind of situation, divide
Pipe network correction factor is not provided.Wherein, it is 0.6 that rainwater-collecting pipe network coverage rate takes pipe network correction factor below 30%；Covering
Take correction factor of the rate between 30~50% is 0.8；Take correction factor of the coverage rate between 50~70% is 1；Coverage rate
70% or more take correction factor be 1.2.
City non-point source calculates formula：
ECity=EStandard municipal×TCity×PCity×ACity×RCity×PThe cities n
In formula, ECityFor urban runoff non-point source load discharge capacity, ton/year；EStandard municipalFor the standard municipal defined in basin
Diameter stream load discharges intensity, ton/year；T is City Terrain correction factor, dimensionless；NCityIt is immeasurable for urban population correction factor
Guiding principle；ACityFor urban size correction factor, dimensionless；RCityFor urban precipitation quantity correction coefficient, dimensionless；PThe cities nFor urban rainwater
Pipe network correction factor, dimensionless.
Two, hydrology interpolation computing method
To the sub- computing unit in Mr. Yu section, if having the practical hydrology on water environment function area (Water Functional Zone) section belonging to it
Monitoring station then directly uses inlet flow rate condition of the measured discharge value of hydrologic monitoring website as this section.In view of reality
The uneven feature of hydrologic monitoring website distribution, many sections are practically without actual measurement hydrographic data.Section is calculated single
If member needs without practical hydrologic monitoring website on its affiliated water environment function area (Water Functional Zone) section according in basin
Production converge relationship, original hydrographic data is pre-processed, interpolation reverts to other sections for not surveying hydrographic data.
1, interpolation method
When there are hydrometric station in water environment function area (Water Functional Zone) section upstream and downstream belonging to certain sub- computing unit, it can use
The of that month actual flow observational data (Q at two station of upstream and downstreamOn、QUnder) with interpolation method estimate this water environment function area (water function
Area) average section of river flow, calculation formula is as follows：
In formula, Q is to lack certain section flow accounting of hydrologic monitoring data as a result, m3/s；QOn、QUnderRespectively upstream and downstream
The measured discharge of certain month of hydrometric station, m3/s；A is the water yield that is averaged for many years in the above basin of shortage data stand control section, m3；AOn、AUnderBe averaged water yield for many years in the basin that respectively upstream and downstream hydrometric station is controlled, m3。
2, hydrologic assimilation method
For Cross Some Region Without Data, hydrologic analogy (analogy) method can also be used.The gas found out first and lack data basin
, drainage area similar to physical geography condition is waited to be not much different and have the basin of longer-term field data as (analogy) stream of studying and comparing
Domain will be diverted from one use to another after the statistical parameter of Choosing Hydrological Reference Basin period run-off or runoff process amendment to shortage data basin, calculation formula
It is as follows：
Three, river hydrodynamic model method
1, water balance equation
Section unit water balance equation is：
Qi=Qi-1+Qin,i-Qout,i
In formula, QiThe flow of section i+1, m are flowed into for section i3/s；Qi-1The flow of section i is flowed into for upper reach i-1,
m3/s；Qin,iFor section i point sources and the total inbound traffics of non-point source, m3/s；Qout,iFor section i point sources and the total outflow of non-point source, m3/
s。
All inbound traffics can be expressed as since source：
Wherein, Qps,i,jIt is the flow that j-th of point source flows into section i, m3/ d, psi are all number of point sources of section i,
Qnps,i,jIt is the flow that j-th of non-point source flows into section i, m3/ d, npsi are all non-point source quantity of section i.
All outflows can be expressed as since source：
Wherein, Qpa,i,jIt is the flow of j-th of point source intake of section i, m3/ d, pai are all point source intakes of section i
Quantity, Qnpa,i,jIt is the flow of j-th of non-point source intake of section i, m3/ d, npai are all non-point source intake numbers of section i
Amount.
2, water level-discharge relation equation
Use rating curve method according to the concrete thought of flow estimation mean flow rate condition in the unit of section
The relationship of the relationship of flow velocity and flow, depth and flow can be described with power-exponent eqution：
U=aQb
H=cQd
In formula, Q is flow, m3/s；U is mean flow rate, m/s；H is mean depth, m；A, b, c, d are empirical, can
Intercept is calculated by the level-flow relation curve of section and slope obtains.According to flow velocity and depth calculations, can by following formula into
One step determines section area of passage and average river width：
3, Manning formula method
Assuming that each section is trapezoidal channel, it is as follows using Flow Computation by Gradient Area Law：
Wherein, p is wetted perimeter；N is Manning roughness coefficient；S0For the gradient, %；AcFor area of passage.
For trapezoidal river, area of passage calculation formula is：
Ac=[B0+0.5(SS1+SS2)H]H
Wetted perimeter calculation formula is：
It can thus be concluded that section depth of water calculation formula is：
Wherein, B0For river bottom width, m；SS1、SS2For river both sides grade of side slope, %.
Four, river one-dimensional water quality model method
Model is suitable for dendroid river, and multiple point source discharge of wastewater, face source enter remittance, water intaking and tributary stream along the river for permission
Enter, to analyze the influence of gross contamination emission and specific exhaust position to receiving water body water quality, model both may be used as stable state
Model, the dynamic model for being also used as time-varying simulate burst water environment pollution accident etc..
1, constant blowdown one-dimensional stable degradation water quality model
For each sub- computing unit in river change of water quality caused by journey point source, the non-point source blowdown, using constant blowdown one
Stability maintenance state degradation water quality model carries out sunykatuib analysis：
In formula, C (x) is the pollutant concentration at river x, mg/L；C0For the initial section concentration of river sewage draining exit, mg/L；
X is river length, and m, x=0 refer at sewage draining exit, x>0 refers to sewage draining exit downstream side, x<0 refers to sewage draining exit upstream side；U is cross-sectional flow,
m/s；K is pollutant overall attenuation coefficient, 1/s；CpFor Pollutant emission concentration, mg/L；QpFor quantity of wastewater effluent, m3/s；ChFor
Water pollution density, mg/L；QhFor river discharge, m3/s；DxFor pollutant Longitudinal Dispersion, m2/s。
In the case of small river cross-sectional flow changes little, simplified formula form is as follows：
C0=(CpQp+ChQh)/(Qp+Qh)
For the degradation coefficient k in formula, National Water Environmental capacity calculates general recommendation：COD degradation coefficient is generally not
More than 0.2d-1, ammonia nitrogen degradation coefficient be usually no more than 0.15d-1.Determining basin water environment can be considered within this range to hold
The value of contaminant degradation coefficient during amount calculates, it is generally the case that COD degradation coefficient value ranging from 0.2~0.3d-1；Ammonia nitrogen
Degradation coefficient value range is 0.10~0.2d-1.Due to degradation coefficient vary with temperature it is larger, during practical water quality model calculates,
According to each moon basin average temperature, COD, ammonia nitrogen degradation coefficient are modified, formula is as follows：
DKTemp=DK20℃*1.047(Temp-20℃)
In formula, DKTempFor the degradation coefficient under the conditions of certain month actual water temperature, DK20℃For the degradation coefficient under the conditions of 20 DEG C,
Temp is certain month actual water temperature.
2, happen suddenly risk accidents blowdown water quality model
After burst Water environments simulation accident blowdown process, river Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches stream change of water quality, right under the influence of accident blowdown
In degradable pollutant, such as COD, ammonia nitrogen Conventional pollution, degradable poisonous and harmful organic pollution, acid-base class etc.,
Formula is as follows：
In formula, CbFor the background concn value of river accidental pollution object, mg/l；C (x, t) is apart from occurrence risk accident distance
For x, the pollutant concentration of t moment, mg/L after accident occurs；X is the m with a distance from sewage draining exit；U is cross-sectional flow, m/s；K is wind
Dangerous dump pollutant overall attenuation coefficient, 1/s；；DxFor pollutant Longitudinal Dispersion, m2/s；M is burst water environment wind
The quality that dangerous accidental pollution object disposably discharges, g
For pollutant difficult to degrade, formula is as follows：
Five, sewage draining exit generally changes method
What the general neutralizing of sewage draining exit was determined is the land and water coupled problem of pollution sources and River.Point source and non-point source pollution load
Corresponding sewage draining exit must be assigned to.Model allows the practical corresponding any number of point sources of single drain outlet or non-point pollution simultaneously
Source.
1, point source
Point source its specific affiliated sub- computing unit grid by its practical location determination, can arrange several adjacent point sources
Dirty mouth or intake, which simplify, becomes a sewage draining exit or intake concentrated, distance of the sewage draining exit away from upstream section after merging,
It can be calculated by following formula：
In formula, L is the sewage draining exit generally changed to the distance (km) apart from section upstream control section；QiFor i-th of sewage draining exit
Water (m3/s)：CiThe pollutant concentration (mg/L) of i-th of sewage draining exit；LiIt is disconnected apart from the control of section upstream for i-th of sewage draining exit
The distance (km) in face.
2, non-point source
Non-point source sewage draining exit or intake are by the general line emission source or line intake for being melted into and being section along journey.Model is with each non-
Point source influences the point of section starting point and terminal as line of demarcation, and non-point source is distributed by range averaging to each in this area
Unit carries out water quality calculating.
3, pollution sources and sewage draining exit correlating method
For pollution sources, steps are as follows with sewage draining exit association process：1) sewage draining exit-pollution sources attribute list is initially set up, is determined
Sewage draining exit (water)-pollution sources (land) relationship；2) it calculates point source and enters to converge distance to sewage draining exit；3) it according to entering to converge distance, determines
River system number；4) pollution sources all to a certain sewage draining exit add up, obtain the sewage draining exit to enter river sewage quantity, pollutional load dense
Degree.
The simulation of water quality method provided in the present invention, 1) lead to from model algorithm level for data qualification and application demand
Model specification and curing model method are crossed, the simulation of basin socio-economic development-production blowdown-water quality response analysis is fully met
Demand；2) from supplemental characteristic level, for the related early-stage study weak foundation in considerable part place, data accumulation is less to be showed
Shape is directly based upon production blowdown and calculates the collections such as handbook, capacity and water quality accounting directive/guide and arrange concentrated expression localization society warp
The model recommended parameter for the feature and drainage characteristics of helping；3) in model application, consider basin-control zone-control unit
Subregion and water environment function area (Water Functional Zone) division system.
In order to make the technology of the simulation of water quality method of the present invention based on control unit quality of water environment objective management
Scheme is more clearly understood, and below in conjunction with specific drawings and the specific embodiments, the present invention will be described in further detail.
Description of the drawings
It is the model system figure of simulation of water quality method of the present invention as shown in Figure 1；
Specific implementation mode
Present embodiment is described further simulation of water quality method of the present invention by taking Huangshui Watershed in Qinhai Province as an example,
The model system figure for the simulation of water quality method that present embodiment uses is as shown in Figure 1.
First, database is established for huang water valley simulation of water quality, the database includes：Pollution sources produce blowdown Information Number
According to library, pollution sources information, sewage draining exit information, intake information and river pollutant sources are included；Basin geographic information database；Hydrology
Matter monitor database includes the water quality data of the hydrographic data and monitoring station monitoring in basin, and the data are according to testing result
It is updated into Mobile state；Conventional pollution transmission-degradation coefficient database, poisonous and harmful substance transmission-degradation coefficient database.
65 Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches fluid stream channel water bodys of huang water valley are divided into water environment function area 158, wherein lake and reservoir type functional areas altogether
There are 14, is related to lake and reservoir gross area 15.4km2；River type functional areas have 144, are related to river total length 2451.7km.Industry
Water District has 5, is related to channel length 47.4km；Source water conservation area has 6, is related to channel length 163.4km；Landscape is entertained
Water District has 63, is related to channel length 1015.1km, lake and reservoir area 3.1km2；Drinking water source protection zone has 84, is related to
Channel length 1235.8km, lake and reservoir area 12.3km2。
This research is according to huang water valley water environment function area subregion achievement, by 56 in huang water valley main Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches stream rivers
Stream is 134 non-uniform flow sections by water environmental function zone situation Preliminary division, having the same than drop, stream in same section
Waterpower, the water quality parameter feature such as amount, flow velocity and contaminant degradation coefficient, waterpower, water quality characteristic between each section then each not phase
Together.On this basis, then by 134 river reach's dividings it is substantially isometric, forms the sub- computing unit grid for being essentially 1000m；So
All sections are traversed afterwards, and whether have water quality monitoring section, water environment function area node, and in cross section place to river if seeing on section
Section interrupts again, and entire basin of Huangshui River is finally divided into 2820 sub- computing unit grids.Sub- computing unit grid is water
The basic unit that matter sunykatuib analysis calculates.Non-point source and point source enter to converge and go out stream can be in arbitrary section or sub- computing unit net
In lattice.
For each computing unit grid divided in huang water valley, it is starting point from the Huangshui River trip hemp skin waterborne temple headwater, is opened from 1
The past downstream ascending order number that begins continues when reaching tributary toward tributary downstream ascending order number since the source of tributary, thus will
Entire all Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches streams of huang water valley are generally melted into a series of end to end sub- computing unit grids.
Finally number minimum value (No. 1) unit of determining huang water valley incidence matrix unit is located at the positive source fiber crops of the Huangshui River trip waterborne
The headwaters Pi Si, number maximum value (No. 2719) unit are located at huang water valley exit.Salt water ditch, grand two tributaries of ditch of controlling divide
Sub- computing unit number individually numbered from 2720 to 2820, two tributaries.
The main hydrologic monitoring website of existing 16 of each Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches stream of huang water valley.Wherein, on the mainstreams Huang Shui there is main hydrometric station
5, three station of the sea is quiet, the Huangshui River source station, Xining station, Ledu station, the people and station etc., in other tributaries, there is cattle farm at main hydrometric station on Beichuan river
Stand, five station of end of the bridge, 3, southern exposure station etc., 1, three station in the liquid medicine river village Shang Youdongjia hydrometric station, 1, two station of the rivers Xi Na Chuan He You Xina
Hydrometric station, there is 1, two station of black woods hydrometric station on black woods river, 1, the river mouth station in the Nanchuan Nanchuans He Shangyou hydrometric station, on Sha Tang Chuan He
1, two station in the stockaded villages You Fujia hydrometric station, 1 hydrometric station in small Nanchuan He Shangyou wang jiazhuang villages station, drawing Sheng Goushang has eight li of 1, three station of bridge water
Text is stood, and has 1, the forts Ji Jia station hydrometric station on Ba Zhouhe.
This research, to the sub- computing unit in Mr. Yu section, if having the practical hydrology on water environment function area section belonging to it
Monitoring station then directly uses inlet flow rate condition of the measured discharge value of hydrologic monitoring website as this section.In view of reality
The uneven feature of hydrologic monitoring website distribution, many sections are practically without actual measurement hydrographic data.Section is calculated single
If member needs to close according to the production confluence in basin without practical hydrologic monitoring website on its affiliated water environment function area section
System, pre-processes original hydrographic data, interpolation reverts to other sections for not surveying hydrographic data.
It, can be according to upstream and downstream two when there are hydrometric station in water environment function area section upstream and downstream belonging to certain sub- computing unit
The of that month actual monitoring value (Q of monitoring stationOn、QUnder), it estimates this water environment function area average section of river flow with interpolation method, calculates
Formula is as follows：
In formula, Q is to lack certain section flow accounting of hydrologic monitoring data as a result, m3/s；QOn、QUnderRespectively upstream and downstream
The measured discharge of certain month of hydrometric station, m3/s；A is the water yield that is averaged for many years in the above basin of shortage data stand control section, m3；AOn、AUnderBe averaged water yield for many years in the basin that respectively upstream and downstream hydrometric station is controlled, m3。
For Cross Some Region Without Data, hydrologic analogy (analogy) method can also be used.The gas found out first and lack data basin
, drainage area similar to physical geography condition is waited to be not much different and have the basin of longer-term field data as (analogy) stream of studying and comparing
Domain will be diverted from one use to another after the statistical parameter of Choosing Hydrological Reference Basin period run-off or runoff process amendment to shortage data basin, calculation formula
It is as follows：
The meteorological data in present embodiment derives from the China of Resources and environmental sciences data center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
Mean annual precipitation data intercept huang water valley mean precipitation distributed data for many years by ArcGIS spatial data handling technologies.
Obtain the distribution of huang water valley 1956-2000 Multi-year average precipitations, production water depth of runoff space.
The flux balance equations of stable state are suitable for each simulation section, and section unit water balance equation is：
Qi=Qi-1+Qin,i-Qout,i
In formula, QiThe flow of section i+1, m are flowed into for section i3/s；Qi-1The flow of section i is flowed into for upper reach i-1,
m3/s；Qin,iFor section i point sources and the total inbound traffics of non-point source, m3/s；Qout,iFor section i point sources and the total outflow of non-point source, m3/
s。
All inbound traffics can be expressed as since source：
Wherein, Qps,i,jIt is the flow that j-th of point source flows into section i, m3/ d, psi are all number of point sources of section i,
Qnps,i,jIt is the flow that j-th of non-point source flows into section i, m3/ d, npsi are all non-point source quantity of section i.
All outflows can be expressed as since source：
Wherein, Qpa,i,jIt is the flow of j-th of point source intake of section i, m3/ d, pai are all point source intakes of section i
Quantity, Qnpa,i,jIt is the flow of j-th of non-point source intake of section i, m3/ d, npai are all non-point source intake numbers of section i
Amount.
It is principle that water quality model in present embodiment, which is based on the conservation of mass, using rating curve method according to stream
Amount estimation mean flow rate condition.Its concrete thought is that the relationship of the relationship of flow velocity and flow, depth and flow can in the unit of section
It is described with power-exponent eqution：
U=aQb
H=cQd
In formula, Q is flow, m3/s；U is mean flow rate, m/s；H is mean depth, m；A, b, c, d are empirical, can
Intercept is calculated by the level-flow relation curve of section and slope obtains.
The basic theories of huang water valley Model of Water Environment is that one-dimensional advection-diffusion and mass-conservation equation, model are suitable for
Dendroid river, multiple point source discharge of wastewater, face source enter remittance, water intaking and tributary inflow along the river for permission, to analyze pollutant emission
The influence of total amount and specific exhaust position to receiving water body water quality, model both may be used as steady-state model, be also used as time-varying
Dynamic model burst water environment pollution accident etc. is simulated.
The sub- computing unit in section is considered as stable state, i.e., section pollutant concentration it is only related with Location for Sewage and and when
Between it is unrelated, time control is to be determined by hydraulic detention time, and hydraulic detention time is determined by section length and average section of river flow velocity
It is fixed.Consider advection diffusion, dilute interaction between the biochemical reaction of material composition itself, water quality components and component it is outer
The influence of portion source and leakage to concentration of component,.
For the change of water quality caused by the Huangshui River water Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches flow point source, the non-point source blowdown, dropped using constant blowdown one-dimensional stable
It solves water quality model and carries out sunykatuib analysis：
In the case of sprout face change in flow is little, formula is specific as follows：
C0=(CpQp+ChQh)/(Qp+Qh)
After analysis burst Water environments simulation accident blowdown process, the Huangshui River water Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches flowing water qualitative change under the influence of accident blowdown
Change, for degradable pollutant, such as COD, ammonia nitrogen Conventional pollution, degradable poisonous and harmful organic pollution, soda acid
Class etc. has formula as follows：
In formula, CbFor the background concn value of river accidental pollution object, mg/l；C (x, t) is apart from occurrence risk accident distance
For x, the pollutant concentration of t moment, mg/L after accident occurs；X is the m with a distance from sewage draining exit；U is cross-sectional flow, m/s；K is wind
Dangerous dump pollutant overall attenuation coefficient, 1/s；；DxFor pollutant Longitudinal Dispersion, m2/s；M is burst water environment wind
The quality that dangerous accidental pollution object disposably discharges, g
Present embodiment calculates huang water valley Non-point Source Pollutants yield using output factor model.Output factor method in
Phase early 1970s proposes that feature is directly utilize land utilization, crop mix in North America first
Etc. data, using pollutant output factor come estimate basin output non-point source pollution loading, be a kind of pollution of area source of lump type
Load simplicity evaluation method.
Output factor model is then a kind of concrete embodiment of output factor method, is to calculate basin using semi approach
Polluted every year on scale, such as total nitrogen, total phosphorus total load mathematics weighted formula, be substantially a kind of lump of semi
Model.Since the source pollutional load in basin and the land use pattern in basin are closely related, using being relatively easily available
The data such as basin land use pattern basin land use pattern and non-dots are directly established by multiple linear correlation analysis
The relationship of output quantity is polluted in source, then by summing to separate sources pollutional load, obtains regional pollution total load.
Wherein, urban life pollution yield is according to each small towns urban population in huang water valley and urban population production blowdown system
Number determines, is shown below：
W=3.65AF
In formula, W is urban life pollution loading amount, t/a；A is urban population, ten thousand people；F is town dweller's domestic sewage system
Number, g/ man days.
According to《Produce discharge coefficient and operation instruction in life source》(2011 revised edition) and《Qinghai Province's water consumption quota》(DB63T
1429-2015), and the local society level of economic development is combined, Xining urban district, the life of the urban districts Hai Dong urban population in huang water valley
Water consumption quota is pressed the 230L/ man days, and COD production contamination factors take 72g/ man days, ammonia nitrogen production contamination factor to take 8.06g/ people
It, total phosphorus production contamination factor takes the 0.89g/ man days；Other county town cities and general small towns Water duty of urban resident life are pressed
150L/ man days, COD production contamination factors take 61g/ man days, ammonia nitrogen production contamination factor to take 7.41g/ man days, total phosphorus production pollution
Coefficient takes the 0.63g/ man days.
This research, the calculating of livestock and poultry breeding industry non-point source pollution loading are shown below：
Q=∑s Ai*Ti*Ej
In formula：Q is livestock and poultry breeding industry non-point source pollution loading discharge capacity, ton/year, AiFor the cultivation of i class livestock and poultry cultivation types
Breeding stock, head (only)；TiFor the production dirt coefficient of i class livestock and poultry cultivations, gram/day；EjThe processing effect for the treatment of for cow manure mode is cultivated for j kinds
Rate.
With reference to the evaluation method of correlative study, it is metastable to regard the breeding stock of ox, pig, sheep and poultry as current year one
The number of animals raised, under the premise of not considering breeding cycle, Pollution from livestock and poultry produce dirt coefficient (Ti) calculation formula is：
Livestock pollution object yield (Ti)=Animal fecal pollution day excretion coefficient (kilogram/first year) × fecaluria pollutant load
(g kg).
COD, ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus etc. are all kinds of in 5 kinds of livestock and poultry excretion coefficients, feces of livestock and poultry such as pig, milk cow, beef cattle, laying hen, broiler chicken
Pollutant load with reference to former State Environmental Protection Administration recommendation and《National Pollutant source investigation for the first time：Livestock and poultry breeding industry source
Produce discharge coefficient handbook》(2009) recommendation.
1 main five classes feces of livestock and poultry day of table drains coefficient
Pollutant average content in 2 main five classes feces of livestock and poultry of table
The dirty coefficient of 3 main five classes livestock and poultry of table production
| Cultivate type | COD (the g/ previous day) | Ammonia nitrogen (the g/ previous day) | Total phosphorus (the g/ previous day) |
| Live pig | 133.7 | 10.82 | 8.45 |
| Beef cattle | 680 | 69 | 28 |
| Milk cow | 680 | 69 | 28 |
| Laying hen | 4.57 | 0.28 | 0.58 |
| Broiler chicken | 4.57 | 0.28 | 0.58 |
The typical treatment for cow manure mode average treatment efficiency of table 4
This research estimates planting industry face source stream vector using " standard farmland method ".Standard farmland refers to Plain, plantation
Crop is wheat, soil types is loam, applying quantity of chemical fertilizer is 25-35kg/ mus of years, and precipitation is within the scope of 400-800mm
Farmland.
For practical farmland, need in view of its actual grade, proportion of crop planting type, soil property, applying quantity of chemical fertilizer
Necessary amendment is carried out to source strength coefficient on the basis of standard farmland with factors such as Rainfall distributions：
A. gradient amendment
The soil gradient is at 25 ° hereinafter, loss coefficient is 1.0-1.2；25 ° or more, loss coefficient 1.2-1.5.Study root
According to basin dem data and land use data, under ArcGIS platforms, the mean inclination in arable land is analyzed, determines corresponding amendment
The factor.
B. crop type amendment
Using chief crops such as corn, sorghum, wheat, barley, rice, soybean, cotton, oil plant, sugar material, economic forests as grinding
Study carefully object, determines the contaminant stream of Different Crop positive coefficient in bad repair.This correction factor need to pass through scientific experiment or empirical data
It is verified.The main long-term cropping type of huang water valley is wheat.
C. soil types amendment
Agricultural land soil is classified by quality, i.e., according in soil constituent clay and sand ratio classify, point
For sand, loam and clay.With loam for 1.0；Sand correction factor is 1.0-0.8；Clay correction factor is 0.8-0.6.Needle
Watershed soil types, takes 0.9-1.0.
D. applying quantity of chemical fertilizer amendment
Chemical fertilizer mu amount of application is in 25kg hereinafter, correction factor takes 0.8-1.0；Between 25-35, correction factor takes 1.0-
1.2；In 35kg or more, correction factor takes 1.2-1.5.
E. precipitation amendment
It is 0.6-1.0 that annual rainfall takes loss coefficient in the areas below 400mm；Annual rainfall 400~800mm it
Between area take loss coefficient be 1.0-1.2；It is 1.2-1.5 that annual rainfall takes loss coefficient in the area of 800mm or more.Basin
Average annual precipitation determines precipitation modifying factor in 600~300mm according to basin annual precipitation figure and arable land distribution map.
Planting industry load discharge capacity formula is as follows：
In formula, EPlantationFor basin planting industry load discharge capacity, ton/year；EStandard farmlandFor basin " standard farmland " cropping pattern
Loss coefficient, thousand grams/acre of years；ACropping pattern, iThe cultivated area of the i-th class cropping pattern, mu are used for basin；aGradient amendmentFor the gradient
Modifying factor, dimensionless；bCrop type amendmentFor crop type amendment, dimensionless；cSoil types amendmentFor soil types amendment, dimensionless；
dApplying quantity of chemical fertilizer amendmentFor applying quantity of chemical fertilizer amendment, dimensionless；ePrecipitation amendmentFor precipitation amendment, dimensionless；
Planting industry produces discharge coefficient according to State Council's office of national Pollutant source investigation leading group publication for the first time《The
Primary whole nation Pollutant source investigation-agricultural pollution source (fertilizer loss coefficient)》(2009), cover the main planting area in China, plantation
The farmland of mode, tillage method, agrotype, soil types, the different planting industry patterns of topography and geomorphology and chief crop type
Fertilizer loss coefficient, huang water valley typical case's cropping pattern farmland nitrogen, it is as shown in the table for phosphorus recycling loss coefficient：
The northern basin of table 5 typical case's cropping pattern farmland nitrogen, phosphorus recycling loss coefficient
| Cropping pattern | Ammonia nitrogen loss coefficient (kg/ mus of years) | Total phosphorus loss coefficient (kg/ mus of years) |
| Non- terraced fields-nonirrigated farmland-the field in northern plateau Mountain area-gentle slope ground | 0.085 | 0.041 |
| The northern non-terraced fields-nonirrigated farmland-crop field one of plateau Mountain area-steep hillslope is ripe | 0.006 | 0.003 |
| Northern plateau Mountain area-gentle slope ground terraced fields-nonirrigated farmland-field | 0.007 | 0.002 |
| Northern plateau Mountain area-steep hillslope terraced fields-nonirrigated farmland-crop field one is ripe | 0.001 | 0.001 |
This research, huang water valley life in the countryside disposal of pollutants situation is according to each control sub-control unit people in the countryside and puts down
Equal people in the countryside pollutional load discharge capacity determines, is shown below：
W=3.65AF
In formula, W is life in the countryside face source load discharge capacity, ton；A is people in the countryside, ten thousand people；F is rural resident life row
Dirty coefficient, g/ (man day).
According to huang water valley socioeconomic driving forces, 12 districts of huang water valley in 2015 share 155.8 ten thousand rural peoples
Mouthful.Huang water valley rural resident's life emission factor foundation《Qinghai Province's water consumption quota (DB63T 1429-2015)》, it is 80L/
Man day, the main pollutional load of life in the countryside generate coefficient and refer to and urban life coefficient, COD, ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus generation system
Number is respectively the 61 grams/day for human beings, the 7.41 grams/day for human beings and 0.63 gram/day for human beings meter.
The present embodiment is using standard municipal production discharge coefficient method estimation urban runoff face source stream vector.So-called standard municipal
Definition be：It is located in flat-bottomed land, city nonagricultural population is between 1,000,000~2,000,000, and construction land area is in 100km2It is left
The right side, annual precipitation is between 400~800mm, city of the urban rainwater collection pipe network popularity rate between 50~70%, standard city
City's source strength coefficient is 50 tons/year of COD, 12 tons/year of ammonia nitrogen.
Method considers to influence a number of factors of urban runoff, compare quasi- assessment completed region of the city features of terrain, urban population,
The concrete conditions such as city area, rainfall and pipe network covering, further into row coefficient amendment on the basis of standard municipal：
A. landform correction factor
City is divided into plain city, mountain city, 3 kinds of hills city situation by landform, provides landform amendment system respectively
Number.Wherein, it is 1 that plain city, which takes landform correction factor,；It is 3.8 that mountain city, which takes correction factor,；Hills city takes correction factor
It is 2.5.
B. population correction factor
Divide city nonagricultural population to 1,000,000 people or less, 1,000,000~2,000,000,2,000,000~5,000,000,5,000,000 or more 4 kinds
Situation provides population correction factor respectively.Wherein, it is 0.3 that population correction factor is taken below 1,000,000 people；1000000~2,000,000 it
Between take correction factor be 1；It is 2.3 that correction factor is taken between 2000000~5,000,000；5000000 or more take correction factor be 3.3.
C. Area modificatory coefficient
By completed region of the city Line Integral 75km2Below, 75~150km2, 150~250km2、250km2Above 4 kinds of situations,
Area modificatory coefficient is provided respectively.Wherein, 75km2It is 0.5 to take Area modificatory coefficient below；75~150km2Between take amendment be
Number is 1；150~250km2Between take correction factor be 1.6； 250km2It is 2.3 to take correction factor above.
D. rainfall correction factor
Divide annual rainfall to 3 kinds of 400mm or less, 400~800mm, 800mm or more situations, provides rainfall amendment system respectively
Number.Wherein, it is 0.7 that 400mm or less, which takes rainfall correction factor,；It is 1 that correction factor is taken between 400~800mm；800mm or more takes
Correction factor is 1.4.
E. pipe network correction factor
By rainwater-collecting pipe network coverage rate point 30% or less, 30~50%, 50%~70%, 70% or more 4 kind of situation,
Pipe network correction factor is provided respectively.Wherein, it is 0.6 that rainwater-collecting pipe network coverage rate takes pipe network correction factor below 30%；It covers
Take correction factor of the lid rate between 30~50% is 0.8；Take correction factor of the coverage rate between 50~70% is 1；Covering
Rate is 1.2 in 70% or more the correction factor that takes.
City non-point source calculates formula：
ECity=EStandard municipal×TCity×PCity×ACity×RCity×PThe cities n
In formula, ECityFor urban runoff non-point source load discharge capacity, ton/year；EStandard municipalFor the standard municipal defined in basin
Diameter stream load discharges intensity, ton/year；T is City Terrain correction factor, dimensionless；NCityIt is immeasurable for urban population correction factor
Guiding principle；ACityFor urban size correction factor, dimensionless；RCityFor urban precipitation quantity correction coefficient, dimensionless；PThe cities nFor urban rainwater
Pipe network correction factor, dimensionless.
Present embodiment generally dissolves the land and water coupled problem of certainly pollution sources and River by sewage draining exit.Point source and non-dots
Source pollutional load must be assigned to corresponding sewage draining exit.Model allows the practical corresponding any number of point sources or non-of single drain outlet simultaneously
Point-source pollution source.
Point source its specific affiliated sub- computing unit by its practical location determination, by adjacent several point source sewage draining exits or
Intake simplifies the sewage draining exit or intake for becoming a concentration, and distance of the sewage draining exit away from upstream section after merging can be under
Formula calculates：
In formula, L is the sewage draining exit generally changed to the distance apart from section upstream control section, km；QiFor i-th sewage draining exit
Water, m3/s：CiThe pollutant concentration of i-th of sewage draining exit, mg/L；LiIt is i-th of sewage draining exit apart from section upstream control section
Distance, km.
Non-point source sewage draining exit or intake are by the general line emission source or line intake for being melted into and being section along journey.Model is with each non-
Point source influences the point of section starting point and terminal as line of demarcation, and non-point source is distributed by range averaging to each in this area
Unit carries out water quality calculating.
In the huang water valley water quality model of foundation, for pollution sources, steps are as follows with sewage draining exit association process：1) it builds first
Vertical sewage draining exit-pollution sources attribute list, determines sewage draining exit (water)-pollution sources (land) relationship；2) point source is calculated to enter to converge to sewage draining exit
Distance；3) according to entering to converge distance, river pollutant sources are determined；4) pollution sources all to a certain sewage draining exit add up, and obtain the row
Dirty mouth enters river sewage quantity, pollutional load concentration.
Present embodiment presses each Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches stream headwater water water quality of tree rings《Water environment quality standard》
(GB3838-2002) II class water considers that wherein the sources COD water concentration takes 10mg/L, ammonia nitrogen concentration to take 0.25mg/L.
Huang water valley lays 19, main water quality monitoring section altogether, model verification be with one group independently of parameter calibration when
Data test to parameter.This research selection mainstreams withered, flat, rich Huang Shui Zha Malong-Xinning bridge section, little Xia Qiao-in 2014
The water quality monitoring section of the main section of the sub- bridge section in gulf, Wan Ziqiao-people and bridge section etc. three surveys COD and ammonia with the water phase
The average relative error of nitrogen water concentration the results are shown in Table 6 as error-tested index, each section flat with respect to error statistics.
Each water phase simulation in 2014 of 6 mainstreams Huang Shui main cross sections of table and prediction water quality comparison
In terms of simulation and verification result, the relative error of the population mean of the mainstreams Huang Shui COD is 7.6%, ammonia
The relative error of the population mean of nitrogen is 11.5%, i.e. total precision of COD has reached 92.4%, ammonia nitrogen it is total
Precision has reached 88.5%.Model parameter verification result shows the simulation precision of one-dimensional water quality model substantially 85% or more, energy
The response characteristic of enough accurately reflection basin pollutant emission and water quality, simulation precision are higher.
Several embodiments of the invention above described embodiment only expresses, the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but simultaneously
Cannot the limitation to the scope of the claims of the present invention therefore be interpreted as.It should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art
For, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, various modifications and improvements can be made, these belong to the guarantor of the present invention
Protect range.Therefore, the protection domain of patent of the present invention should be subject to claim.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of simulation of water quality method based on control unit quality of water environment objective management, it is characterised in that：Including walking as follows
Suddenly：
(1) database is established, including：Basin geographic information database includes the geographic information data in basin；The hydrology, meteorology, water
Matter monitor database includes the hydrology, water quality data and the corresponding weather data of meteorological site in basin；Valley environment is united
Library is counted, emissions data, basin social economy and the demographic information's data of all kinds of pollution sources in basin are included；Model parameter
Database includes the production discharge coefficient of Typical Sources, pollution sources river pollutant sources, Conventional pollution transmission-degradation coefficient, toxic
Harmful substance transmission-degradation coefficient；
(2) by river Preliminary division be multiple non-uniform flow sections, then by each river reach's dividing be multiple sub- computing units, finally
Determine the water-based sub- computing unit grid in entire basin；
(3) non-point source production blowdown model in basin is used to calculate the dirty amount of non-point source production；Including analyzing the non-point source in each control unit
Produce blowdown feature, extraction valley environment staqtistical data base, basin geographic information database, the hydrology, meteorology, water monitoring data library
With the data in model parameter data library, Non-point Source Pollutants in pollution sources are calculated using basin non-point source production discharge coefficient model
Yield；Non-point source includes urban life source, livestock and poultry cultivation source, planting industry face source, life in the countryside face source and city non-point source；
(4) hydrology computational methods is used to determine the hydrologic condition of section；River section hydrology Meteorological Characteristics are analyzed, hydrographic data is analyzed
Availability selects applicable hydrology interpolation method：If when there are hydrologic monitoring website in the upstream and downstream of existing section, institute is extracted
The data on flows in the hydrology, meteorology, water monitoring data library is stated, the stream of the section is calculated using natural runoff reduction method
Amount；When the section lacks upstream and downstream hydrologic monitoring website, the hydrographic data in the basin is can extract, hydrologic condition is found
Essentially identical section estimates the flow of the section using hydrologic assimilation method；Based on the flow, the river is further calculated
The water surface area and water body volume of section；
(5) step (3), the calculating data of (4) are based on, are calculated using the one-dimensional network of waterways hydrodynamic force water quality model method antithetical phrase in basin single
The water quality of member is simulated, including：The first step extracts pollution sources, sewage draining exit and intake in the geographic information database of basin
Location information, and the adjacent sewage draining exit in same sub- computing unit is generally changed；It extracts in valley environment staqtistical data base
The calculating achievement of all kinds of point source emissions datas and step (3) enters river system according to described in model parameter data library
Number, further calculate the pollutant of the sewage draining exit after generalization enters river sewage quantity, pollutional load concentration；Meter according to step (4)
It is counted as fruit, using river hydrodynamic model method, calculates section flow conditions；Second step, using independent data to described one-dimensional
Water quality model carries out verification and calibration, and the simulation precision of the one-dimensional water quality model is made to be not less than 80%；Using by verification and
Water quality model after calibration calculates each sub- computing unit grid pollutional load concentration.
2. the simulation of water quality method according to claim 1 based on control unit quality of water environment objective management, feature
It is, the geographic information data in the basin that the basin geographic information database is included includes land-based area range, administrative division, river
The position letter of water system, topography and geomorphology, hydrometeorological website, water quality monitoring section and all kinds of pollution sources, sewage draining exit and intake
Breath.
3. the simulation of water quality method according to claim 1 or 2 based on control unit quality of water environment objective management, special
Sign is, further includes step in step (5)：Utilize One-dimensional River burst risk accidents simulation model, extraction model supplemental characteristic
The degradation coefficient in Conventional pollution transmission or poisonous and harmful substance transmission-degradation coefficient database described in library, simulation are prominent
The situation of change of downstream quality in watershed after shampoo environmental risk accident blowdown.
4. the simulation of water quality method according to claim 1 based on control unit quality of water environment objective management, feature
It is, the river hydrodynamic model method includes river level-discharge relation method, Manning formula method；The one-dimensional river in basin
Net hydrodynamic force water quality model method includes the constant blowdown one-dimensional stable degradation water quality model in river.
5. the simulation of water quality method according to claim 1 or 2 based on control unit quality of water environment objective management, special
Sign is, in step (5), when generally being changed to the sewage draining exit, for the sewage draining exit of point source, can will be located at same height meter
Calculate the sewage draining exit for being generalized as a concentration in the multiple sewage draining exits closed in unit grid；The pollutant of sewage draining exit enters river dirt
The computational methods of water and pollutional load concentration include：1) correspondence between sewage draining exit and pollution sources is determined；2) it calculates dirty
Dye source enters to converge distance to sewage draining exit；3) according to entering to converge distance, river pollutant sources are determined；4) to all dirts of each sewage draining exit
Dye source is added up, and obtain the sewage draining exit enters river sewage quantity and pollutional load concentration.
6. the simulation of water quality method according to claim 3 based on control unit quality of water environment objective management, feature
Be, for the sewage draining exit of non-point source, general chemical conversion is line floss hole of the section along journey, with each non-point source influence section starting point and
The point of terminal is as line of demarcation, by each impacted sub- computing unit grid in pollution sources load mean allocation to range.
7. the simulation of water quality method according to claim 1 or 2 based on control unit quality of water environment objective management, special
Sign is, by the river reach's dividing with essentially identical waterpower, water quality characteristic and parameter value is same section in step (2),
The waterpower and/or water quality characteristic of each section then differ；Sub- computing unit is the least unit of simulation of water quality, and each section is by whole
Several sub- computing units are constituted.
8. the simulation of water quality method according to claim 1 or 2 based on control unit quality of water environment objective management, special
Sign is, exports from mainstream source to basin by river and is encoded respectively to the section of division and sub- computing unit, with clear
Connection between the network of waterways and the topological relation that enters to converge.
9. the simulation of water quality method according to claim 7 based on control unit quality of water environment objective management, feature
It is after being same section by the river reach's dividing with essentially identical waterpower, water quality characteristic and parameter value, then will have quick
The section of sense point is further divided into upstream, the independent section in two, downstream in sensitive spot, and the sensitive spot includes with bottom
Any one in setting：Control unit division limits；At water environmental function subregion；River is dry, tributary intersection；Water quality monitoring station
Point；At hydraulic characteristic significant changes, wherein the hydraulic characteristic refers to any one in flow velocity, the depth of water, river width；Tidal reach
At boundary.
10. the simulation of water quality method according to claim 7 based on control unit quality of water environment objective management, feature
It is, is by all sub- computing unit mesh generations：Source water unit grid is the source water in basin；Branch flows into money order member net
Lattice have the non-source water unit grid of branch afflux；General cell grid, the not non-source water unit grid of branch afflux；
Wherein, for the source water unit grid, the sewage draining exit is generalized as being placed in the interposition of the source water unit grid
It converges；Money order member grid is flowed into for the branch, is generalized as the upstream section start remittance that tributary flows into money order member grid in the branch
Enter, the interposition that the sewage draining exit is generalized as flowing into money order member grid in the branch is placed in remittance.
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