CN111724058B - River type drinking water source area protection system based on water intake water quality safety - Google Patents
River type drinking water source area protection system based on water intake water quality safety Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a river-type drinking water source site protection system based on water intake water quality safety, which comprises a water intake protection zone, a supervision protection zone and an emergency protection zone, wherein the water intake protection zone, the supervision protection zone and the emergency protection zone respectively comprise a key zone and a general zone; the water intake protection area refers to an area close to the section of the water intake; the monitoring protection area refers to a pollution source discharge point or a control section area with great influence on water quality of the water intake; the emergency protection area refers to a potential risk source area which can cause sudden pollution accidents at the upstream of the water intake section and has great influence on the water quality of the water intake section. On the basis of the traditional river-type drinking water source protection area division method, the protection area range and the refinement protection area division program and method are further defined, the influence of pollution discharge at the upstream of the water intake and the occurrence risk of sudden water pollution events on river-type drinking water safety is fully emphasized, and the river-type drinking water safety is guaranteed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a technology for protecting a drinking water source, in particular to a river type drinking water source protecting system based on water intake water quality safety.
Background
The primary measure for protecting the water source area at home and abroad is to define the water source area. The purpose of dividing the protection area of the drinking water source is to take preventive measures to protect the drinking water source from pollution and ensure public health. Under the current situation of high-speed development of current economy and tension of land supply, a protection area of a drinking water source area is scientifically and reasonably defined, and the problem that the contradiction between the environment protection of the drinking water source area and the economic development is worth deeply discussed is solved.
At present, a river type drinking water source area protection area is divided into 2-3 areas according to the water characteristics of a water taking area, the distance from a water intake and the requirement of a water quality protection target, namely: the first-stage protection area, the second-stage protection area and the quasi-protection area are defined by an empirical value method and a numerical model method. The range of the primary protection area is not smaller than the range defined by the sanitary protection belt of the drinking water source, and the environment area which directly supplies water source is divided into the primary protection area and is not smaller than 90% of the water area; the distance from the upstream outer boundary of the secondary protection zone to the upstream boundary of the primary protection zone is greater than the distance that the selected primary contaminant or water quality indicator decays to a desired concentration level; when the point source of pollution is the primary source of pollution, the secondary protection area land area should include a wastewater drainage area.
However, with the development of economy and society, river water pollution and environmental pressure are more and more serious, and sudden water pollution events occur, which have important influence on river-type drinking water source protection, so that river-type drinking water source protection zone division needs to be combined with current practice, and on the basis of the current division method technology, the protection zone range and refinement protection zone division program and method are further defined, and the following two points should be further considered:
(1) The influence of the pollution discharge on the river type drinking water safety belt caused by the pollution discharge on the upstream of the water intake is fully paid attention to. The current method mainly considers the water quality safety near the water intake, but fully pays attention to the emission of an upstream pollution source, in fact, through river water quality monitoring, the fact that the water quality concentration near the water intake is higher and is not always caused by pollutants generated in the section, but mainly comes from the upstream, and the protection of the water environment near the water intake is important for guaranteeing the safety of a drinking water source, so that the control and protection of the critical pollution section at the upstream of the water intake are fully paid attention to in the division of a protection area of the drinking water source.
(2) The influence of the occurrence risk of sudden water pollution event on the river-type drinking water safety belt is fully paid attention to. The current method does not consider the influence of sudden water pollution event on the division of the protection area, but actually, according to the related information issued by the emergency management center of the environmental protection department, the sudden water pollution event is in a high-incidence period, and the entry of toxic and harmful pollutants into the water body is a serious threat to the drinking water source, so that the division of the protection area should be fully considered.
In addition, in the current river type drinking water source area protection area division, for a centralized drinking water source, GB3838-2002 gives 108 reference monitoring indexes, and it is very important to select reasonable water quality indexes as to which water quality index is adopted to calculate the large difference of the protection area length. Meanwhile, the water quality model parameters relate to hydrologic conditions such as river flow rate, water depth and the like, and the data have important influence on the protection area division of river type drinking water sources. Therefore, the protection area division is needed on the basis of determining sensitive water quality indexes and defining water quality sensitive periods according to the variation condition of water quality of the water intake.
In the prior art, the traditional water source protection area division mode is relatively single, and the source protection and potential risk evaluation of the drinking water source are not fully considered.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a river type drinking water source protection system based on water intake water quality safety.
The invention aims at realizing the following technical scheme:
the river type drinking water source area protection system based on water intake water quality safety comprises a water intake protection area, a supervision protection area and an emergency protection area, wherein the water intake protection area, the supervision protection area and the emergency protection area respectively comprise a key area and a general area;
the water intake protection area refers to an area close to the section of the water intake;
the monitoring protection area refers to a pollution source discharge point or a control section area with great influence on water quality of the water intake;
the emergency protection area is a potential risk source area which can cause sudden pollution accidents on the upstream of the water intake section and has great influence on the water quality of the water intake section.
According to the technical scheme provided by the invention, the river-type drinking water source protection system based on water intake water quality safety provided by the embodiment of the invention further definitely defines the protection area range and refines the protection area division program and method based on the traditional river-type drinking water source protection area division method, fully pays attention to the influence of pollution emission and sudden water pollution incident occurrence risk on river-type drinking water safety, and provides a guarantee for river-type drinking water safety.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a river-type drinking water source protection system based on water intake water quality safety according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below. What is not described in detail in the embodiments of the present invention belongs to the prior art known to those skilled in the art.
The invention relates to a river type drinking water source protection system based on water intake water quality safety, which has the following preferred specific embodiments:
the system comprises a water taking protection zone, a supervision protection zone and an emergency protection zone, wherein the water taking protection zone, the supervision protection zone and the emergency protection zone respectively comprise a key zone and a general zone;
the water intake protection area refers to an area close to the section of the water intake;
the monitoring protection area refers to a pollution source discharge point or a control section area with great influence on water quality of the water intake;
the emergency protection area is a potential risk source area which can cause sudden pollution accidents on the upstream of the water intake section and has great influence on the water quality of the water intake section.
Dividing the water taking protection area:
the basis of the division of the key areas of the water taking protection area is the water taking mode and the water taking flow of a river type drinking water source, and the range influenced by water taking is calculated by utilizing a water flow quality two-dimensional model under the given hydrologic condition, and the range is the key area of the water taking protection area;
the influence range of the water intake is related to the influence degree, when the self-flowing water diversion is adopted, the water level has an important influence on the diversion flow, so that the influence degree of the river type drinking water source can be given according to the water level amplitude, and for the self-flowing water diversion with a gate, the length of the river reach of the water intake protection area can be calculated through the formula (1):
in which Q Guiding device 、Q River Respectively obtaining water flow and river flow from the section of the water intake, m 3 /s；
T is continuous water taking time, d;
b is the width of the river channel, m;
Δh is the acceptable water level drop amplitude, m under the designed self-flowing diversion condition.
The basic idea of the general area division of the water taking protection area is that for important and sensitive pollutants, in the water quality sensitive period, the river length required by changing the river water quality from the water quality of surface water III to the water quality of II is realized through the self-cleaning capability of the river under the condition of no external pollution source import, and the general area range is the length of the river section above the section of the key area of the water taking protection area;
the general distinguishing method adopts a one-dimensional or two-dimensional water quality model, a one-dimensional model is adopted for straight rivers, a two-dimensional water quality model is adopted for calculating rivers with complex river terrain conditions and large bending degree, and parameters to be considered by the model mainly comprise sensitive pollutants and corresponding water quality concentration indexes, water quality sensitive periods and hydrologic conditions;
for common degradable pollutants, the one-dimensional water quality model of the river is expressed by a formula (2), and the formula can be expressed as an expression (3) for calculating the length of a river section of a common area after being changed.
Wherein C is 0 The concentration of the pollutants in the initial section is mg/L;
C x to flow through x distanceThe concentration of the pollutant after the treatment is mg/L;
x is the longitudinal distance along the river reach, m;
u is the average flow velocity of the river section under the designed flow, m/s;
k is the comprehensive attenuation coefficient of the pollutants, and 1/s.
The comprehensive attenuation coefficient K value of the pollutants is a comprehensive coefficient reflecting the along-way change of the pollutants, is an important parameter for calculating the water body pollutant receiving capacity, and the attenuation coefficients of different pollutants are related to hydrology and environmental conditions, and are generally reversely deduced by adopting the actual measurement data of the section by using a formula:
wherein u is the average flow velocity of the river section, m/s;
DeltaX is the distance between the upper section and the lower section, and m;
C A the concentration of the pollutants on the upper section is mg/L;
C B the concentration of the contaminants in the lower section is mg/L.
The supervision and protection area is divided into an important supervision area and a general supervision area, wherein the important supervision area mainly comprises a pollution source sewage outlet section of the water taking protection area, 3 section areas with the largest contribution of discharge load to the water intake section, and section areas with the contribution proportion of the pollution load being more than 30%, and the other sections are used as the general supervision area.
The emergency protection area is divided into a key area and a general area according to the risk of an emergency pollution source and the time required by the emergency, the emergency time is less than 2 hours, the key area is divided into the general area, the main road and bridge passing through the urban area and enterprises possibly discharging and leaking toxic and harmful pollutants are taken as the key area of the emergency protection area, and the bridge relatively far away from the section of the water intake and the highway along the river are taken as the general area to be treated;
in the emergency protection area dividing process, after the section position of the emergency protection area is determined, the next dividing work is carried out by reasonably calculating the migration time of pollutants, and the time of the pollution clusters to migrate to the section of the water intake is estimated by the formula (5) assuming that the pollution clusters migrate to the downstream mainly in a translation mode:
wherein T is emergency time, s;
V 1 、V 2 、V 3 in order to obtain the flow rates at different river reach when water pollution occurs, m/s can be measured on site according to actual passing, can be estimated through past hydrologic monitoring data, and can be calculated according to the maximum flow rates of different water periods;
L 1 、L 2 、L 3 to respectively correspond to V 1 、V 2 、V 3 The length of the river reach of the flow velocity, m, dividing the river reach according to the river flow and the distribution of the main and branch flows, L 1 、L 2 、L 3 Respectively a first river, a second river and a third river.
The river type drinking water source area protection system based on water intake water quality safety aims at guaranteeing the water intake water quality safety of the drinking water source, and the river type drinking water source area protection area is totally divided into two stages on the basis of sensitive water quality index screening, water quality sensitive period analysis, key source area identification and the like: the primary area is divided into a water taking protection area, a supervision protection area and an emergency protection area, and the secondary area is divided into a key area and a general area according to the protection importance of the secondary area. On the basis of the traditional river-type drinking water source protection zone division method, the protection zone range and the refinement protection zone division program and method are further defined, the influence of pollution discharge at the upstream of the water intake and the occurrence risk of sudden water pollution events on the river-type drinking water safety is fully emphasized, and the river-type drinking water safety is guaranteed.
The specific scheme of the invention is as follows:
as shown in fig. 1, taking the water quality safety of the water intake section as a starting point, a river type drinking water source area protection division system is respectively constructed from three aspects of water intake protection, upstream pollutant key source area protection and emergency protection, the river type drinking water source area protection is divided into a water intake protection area, a supervision protection area and an emergency protection area, and secondary division can be performed on the basis according to the difference of protection degrees, such as a water intake protection area key area (corresponding to a primary area of the prior art) and a water intake protection area general area (corresponding to a secondary area of the prior art).
(1) Water intake protection zone division
The water intake protection area is a river reach and confluence area which are close to the section of the water intake and directly affect the water quality of the water intake, and fully exert the self-cleaning capability of pollutants. The main purpose is to ensure the water quality safety of the water intake, and generally mainly consider common degradable water pollutants such as COD Mn And ammonia nitrogen, etc., and the water quality of the water intake is required to reach the water quality standard of surface water II and III.
(1) Important area division
The basis of the key area division is the water taking mode and water taking flow of the river type drinking water source, and the range influenced by water taking is calculated by utilizing a water flow quality two-dimensional model under the given hydrologic condition, and the range is the key area of the water taking protection area.
The influence range of the water intake is related to the influence degree, and when self-flowing water diversion is adopted, the water level has an important influence on the diversion flow, so that the influence degree of the river type drinking water source can be given according to the water level amplitude. For the self-flowing water diversion with a gate, the length of the protected area river reach can be calculated by the formula (1):
in which Q Guiding device 、Q River Respectively obtaining water flow and river flow from the section of the water intake, m 3 /s；
T is continuous water taking time, d;
b is the width of the river channel, m;
Δh is the acceptable water level drop amplitude, m under the designed self-flowing diversion condition.
(2) General zone division
The general area division basic thinking of the water taking protection area is that for important and sensitive pollutants, in the water quality sensitive period, the river length required by changing the river water quality from the water quality of surface water III to the water quality of II is realized through the self-cleaning capability of the river under the condition of no external pollution source collecting, and the general area range is the length of the river section above the section of the key area of the water taking protection area.
The general distinguishing method can adopt a one-dimensional or two-dimensional water quality model, and can adopt a one-dimensional model for straight rivers. And calculating the river with complex river terrain conditions and high bending degree by adopting a two-dimensional water quality model. The parameters to be considered by the model mainly comprise sensitive pollutants and corresponding water quality concentration indexes, water quality sensitive period and hydrologic conditions.
For common degradable pollutants, the one-dimensional water quality model of the river can be expressed by a formula (2). The formula can be expressed as an expression (3) for calculating the length of the river reach of the general area after the change.
Wherein C is 0 The concentration of the pollutants in the initial section is mg/L;
C x mg/L for contaminant concentration after x distance;
x is the longitudinal distance along the river reach, m;
u is the average flow velocity of the river section under the designed flow, m/s;
k is the comprehensive attenuation coefficient of the pollutants, and 1/s.
The comprehensive attenuation coefficient K value of the pollutant is a comprehensive coefficient reflecting the along-way change of the pollutant, is an important parameter for calculating the water pollutant receiving capacity, and the attenuation coefficients of different pollutants are related to hydrology and environmental conditions, and are generally reversely deduced by adopting a formula through actual measurement data of a section.
Wherein u is the average flow velocity of the river section, m/s;
DeltaX is the distance between the upper section and the lower section, and m;
C A the concentration of the pollutants on the upper section is mg/L;
C B the concentration of the contaminants in the lower section is mg/L.
(2) Supervision guard zone partitioning
The monitoring protection area refers to a pollution source discharge point or a control section with great influence on water quality of the water intake, and is subjected to key monitoring so as to take intervention measures in advance to prevent the water quality of the water supply from being substandard. The division of the supervision and protection area is mainly carried out on the basis of the identification of a key source area with great influence on the water quality of the water intake section and the division of the water intake protection area, and generally comprises two parts: firstly, a sewage outlet in a water taking protection area; and secondly, a key source area which is outside the water taking protection area and has larger contribution to the output load of the water intake pollutants.
The aim of the supervision and protection area division is to carry out advanced control and key supervision from the pollution source head, and prevent unreasonable discharge such as superdrainage, leakage drainage and the like of the source area from causing the water quality of the section of the downstream water intake not to reach the standard.
The sensitive water quality index and the water quality sensitive period are determined as the basis of the identification of the key source region, and meanwhile, the distribution characteristics of the pollution source, the sampling density of the section of the key source region and the analysis result of the pollution source have important influences on the identification of the key source region. Therefore, the supervision and protection area division more reflects the guarantee of the water quality safety of the water intake from the pollution source.
The supervision and protection area is divided into an important supervision area and a general supervision area, wherein the important supervision area mainly comprises a pollution source sewage outlet section of the water intake protection area, 3 section areas with the largest contribution of discharge load to the water intake section, and section areas with the contribution proportion of pollution load more than 30%.
(3) Emergency protection zone division
The emergency protection area refers to a potential risk source area which can cause sudden pollution accidents on the upstream of the water intake section and has great influence on the water quality of the water intake section. The emergency protection area division is mainly used for determining the position where a pollution event possibly occurs, and once the pollution event occurs, the influence time on the water quality of the section of the water intake can be accurately predicted, the migration time of a pollution group is fully utilized, and the pollution event is scientifically, reasonably and timely treated by adopting related emergency measures so as to prevent great influence on the drinking water safety.
Therefore, after determining the section position of the emergency protection area, reasonable calculation of the migration time of pollutants is the key point of the next division work, and the migration time of the pollutants to the section of the water intake can be estimated by the formula (5) assuming that the pollutants are mainly migrated to the downstream in a translation mode.
Wherein T is emergency time, s;
V 1 、V 2 、V 3 in order to obtain the flow rates at different river reach when water pollution occurs, m/s can be measured on site according to actual passing, can be estimated through past hydrologic monitoring data, and can be calculated according to the maximum flow rates of different water periods;
L 1 、L 2 、L 3 to respectively correspond to V 1 、V 2 、V 3 The length of the river reach of the flow velocity, m, can generally divide the river reach according to the river flow and the distribution of the main and branch flows, L 1 、L 2 、L 3 Respectively a first river, a second river and a third river.
And (3) defining a key area and a general area according to the risk of the emergency pollution source and the emergency time, wherein the emergency time is less than 2 hours, the key area is defined, and the general area is defined as the area greater than 2 hours. Meanwhile, main roads and bridges passing through urban areas and enterprises possibly discharging and leaking toxic and harmful pollutants are used as key areas of emergency protection areas, and bridges relatively far away from water intake sections and roads along rivers are used as general areas.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention further defines the range of the protection area and refines the program and the method for dividing the protection area on the basis of the traditional method for dividing the protection area of the river-type drinking water source, fully pays attention to the influence of pollution discharge at the upstream of the water intake and the occurrence risk of sudden water pollution events on the safety belt of river-type drinking water, thereby realizing the control and the protection of the critical pollution section at the upstream of the water intake and considering the serious threat of toxic and harmful pollutants entering the water body to the drinking water source. The invention relates to a river type drinking water source area protection area division mode which is worth popularizing.
Specific examples:
the main drinking water source of certain market is jin river water system, which belongs to the typical river type drinking water source. As the socioeconomic performance of the area rapidly develops, the water resource and water environment pressure of the Jinjiang river basin are also increasing. The water resource quantity of people in the area belongs to the range of the water-deficient area, and 40% of water body in the river reaches the IV class and inferior class IV standard of surface water. The river is used as a mother river of a certain city, and the protection of water resources in the river basin, in particular the safety guarantee of drinking water, becomes a key for supporting the social and economic sustainable development of the area. Therefore, it is necessary to consider various problems comprehensively and divide the protected area reasonably by taking the protected drinking water source as a starting point. Therefore, the protection area of river-type drinking water source in Jinjiang river is divided into specific examples.
(1) Water intake protection zone division
(1) Important area division
The cross section of Jinjiang river Jinji gate at the downstream of the river basin is a drinking water source for more than 400 thousands people in certain city, so the safety guarantee of the drinking water of the Jinjiang river basin Jinji gate cross section is particularly important. Design flow of water taking section of Jinji gate is 50m 3 Flow rate of 12 months of the most withered month of 90% of the withered water year is 43.6m 3 And/s, calculating the backwater range possibly influenced by continuous diversion according to the self-regulation quantity of the river. According to the hydrologic monitoring result of the section, the water surface width of the water intake section corresponding to the 12 months of the latest month is 289m, the flow velocity is 0.025m/s, and the water depth is 6m. According to the hydrologic condition, calculating the range of influence of continuous water taking for different time.
Aiming at the fact that the cross section of the Jinji gate is actual, unfavorable hydrologic conditions are considered, the water diversion requirement of the designed flow is difficult to ensure when the water level drop is 1m according to the continuous water taking condition, the calculated influence river reach length is 1906m, namely, the range of a water taking protection area key area is a river reach of 1906m above the water intake of the Jinji gate, the upper cross section and the lower cross section of the key area can be basically determined as Dan Long (three) hydrological station cross section-Jinji gate cross section (table 1), and the width of a river bank zone of the protection area is not lower than the requirement of river management regulations of a water administrative main department.
TABLE 1 division of Water intake protection areas of Jinji Gate intake Water source area in Jinjiang river basin
(2) General zone division
For the river segment above the gate section of Jinjiang chicken, a one-dimensional water quality model of river is adopted for calculation. Ammonia nitrogen is sensitive pollutant of the water intake section, and simultaneously considers COD Mn Is a common standard exceeding pollutant of river water quality, so that the two pollutants are selected for general division of a water taking protection area.
According to the management monitoring data of a certain city water functional area, calculating the COD of the cross section of the gold chicken gate by adopting a formula Mn And the attenuation coefficient K value of ammonia nitrogen is respectively 0.15/d-0.20/d and 0.12/d-0.20/d. In practical applications, the water is usually taken to be small when the water quantity is small in the dead water period and the water temperature is low.
Considering that the sensitive period of the water quality of the cross section of the Jinji is mainly in the flat water period and the dead water period, selecting flow velocity data of two water periods of P=90% dead water year for analysis according to the runoff process of the cross section of the Jinji, and calculating COD of two pollutants according to a formula Mn And the river length required for ammonia nitrogen to change from surface water group iii aquatics to group ii (table 2).
TABLE 2 general area (secondary area) river reach Length calculation of Jinjiang river basin gold chicken sluice water intake protection area
As can be seen from Table 2, overall, COD Mn The river length required for changing the concentration from class III water quality to class II is smaller than that of ammonia nitrogen, the river length required for the former in the dead water period is only 5.8km, and the river length required for attenuating the ammonia nitrogen from class III water quality to class II is 12.5 km. Compared with the dead water period, the flow and flow velocity increase amplitude in the water leveling period is more obvious than the pollutant attenuation coefficient increase, and the COD is higher than that in the pollutant attenuation coefficient increase Mn And the increase in river length required for the ammonia nitrogen two-pollutant concentration to decay from class III water quality to class II is 9.7km and 17.6km respectively. According to the sensitive water quality index of the gold chicken gate section and the analysis of the water quality sensitive period, the probability of occurrence of exceeding of the standard of pollutant ammonia nitrogen in the water leveling period is high, so that a river section 17.6km above the key area of the water taking protection area is selected as the general area range of the water taking protection area. However, in combination with the actual situation of jin river, the section above Dan Long (three) is 6km, which is the double-stream mouth where the two branches of east stream and west stream meet, and the section interval is considered in the supervision and protection area, so that the section of the general area upstream and downstream of the water taking protection area is set as the section of the double-stream mouth-Dan Long (three) hydrologic station (table 2), and the river bank bandwidth is determined according to the river management regulations of the water administration authorities.
(2) Supervision guard zone partitioning
The 5 drain outlet sections related to the water taking protection area in the key supervision area are respectively the drain outlet sections of the stone hulling market, the stone slab factory in the quarry, the Splendid limited company, the Yida living area and the Wu Rongsheng stone slab factory.
According to the identification of the key source region, in the water quality sensitive period, the pollution load contribution specific gravity of the section interval is more than 30 percent, and the section interval is respectively provided with a 1 transverse port-6 Yuanmei section, a 6 Yuanmei 13 Hong Lai-14 Jinji gate section and an 8-shed kettle-9 long hall bridge section (table 3).
The section interval of the discharge load contribution proportion of 15% -30% to the section of the water intake is defined as a general supervision area, and the method mainly comprises the following steps: 11 mountain Mei outlet-13 Hong Lai section, 4 upper section of Xianyuan (Table 3).
TABLE 3 division of monitoring and protecting areas of Jinjiang river basin in gold chicken gate water intake drinking water source area
(3) Emergency protection zone division
According to the actual situation above the water taking section of the Jinji gate in the Jinjiang river basin, the main road and bridge distribution, the enterprise distribution of toxic and harmful pollutants which are possibly discharged and leaked, the pollutant discharge load, the main hydraulic engineering distribution, the scale and scheduling situation in the basin, the navigation situation of the river channel at the upstream of the water taking port and the like are mainly considered.
The maximum measured flow rates for each water period in 2010 of the year of partial high water are selected as the most unfavorable hydrologic conditions, and the emergency time of each emergency protection area section is calculated (table 4). In general, the emergency time in the dead water period is relatively large, and the railway bridge which is close to the section of the gold chicken gate also needs 2.6 hours, but the emergency time in the water leveling period and the water enlarging period is obviously reduced, and the emergency time is only about 10 minutes. Because the flow speed of the Western stream is relatively large, the influence time of the emergency section of the Nangan urban area, which is close to the water intake, on the water quality of the water intake is short, and particularly in the water-rich period, the water intake section of the 2.1h gold chicken gate is influenced after a pollution event occurs, so that relevant emergency countermeasures are formulated in time, and toxic and harmful water bodies are prevented from entering a running water plant.
TABLE 4 Emergency time calculation for Jinjiang river basin gold chicken gate intake drinking water source area emergency protection area
In the water leveling period and the water enlarging period, the time required for the translation of pollutants to reach the section of a gold gate is less than 2 hours as an emergency key division standard, a Jinjiang section G1502 highway bridge (4.2 km above the gold gate) and a railway bridge (1.6 km above the gold gate) are emergency key protection areas, and a plurality of bridges of a West stream and an east stream are general emergency protection areas (tables 4 and 5).
TABLE 5 division of emergency protection areas for water intake of Jinji gate in Jinjiang river basin
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions easily contemplated by those skilled in the art within the scope of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (4)
1. The river type drinking water source area protection system based on water intake water quality safety is characterized by comprising a water intake protection area, a supervision protection area and an emergency protection area, wherein the water intake protection area, the supervision protection area and the emergency protection area respectively comprise an important area and a general area;
the water intake protection area refers to an area close to the section of the water intake;
the monitoring protection area refers to a pollution source discharge point or a control section area with great influence on water quality of the water intake;
the emergency protection area is a potential risk source area which has sudden pollution accidents on the upstream of the water intake section and has great influence on the water quality of the water intake section;
dividing the water taking protection area:
the basis of the division of the key areas of the water taking protection area is the water taking mode and the water taking flow of a river type drinking water source, and the range influenced by water taking is calculated by utilizing a water flow two-dimensional water quality model under the given hydrologic condition, and the range is the key area of the water taking protection area;
the influence range of the water intake is related to the influence degree, when the self-flowing water diversion is adopted, the water level has an important influence on the water diversion flow, so that the influence degree of the river type drinking water source is given according to the water level amplitude, and for the self-flowing water diversion with a gate, the length of the river reach of the water intake protection area is calculated by the formula (1):
in which Q Guiding device 、Q River Respectively obtaining water flow and river flow from the section of the water intake, m 3 /s；
T is continuous water taking time, d;
b is the width of the river channel, m;
Δh is the water level drop amplitude accepted under the designed self-flowing diversion condition, m;
the basic idea of the general area division of the water taking protection area is that for important and sensitive pollutants, in the water quality sensitive period, the river length required by changing the river water quality from the water quality of surface water III to the water quality of II is realized through the self-cleaning capability of the river under the condition of no external pollution source import, and the general area range is the length of the river section above the section of the key area of the water taking protection area;
the general distinguishing method adopts a one-dimensional or two-dimensional water quality model, adopts a one-dimensional water quality model for straight rivers, and adopts a two-dimensional water quality model for rivers with complex river terrain conditions and large bending degree to calculate, wherein parameters to be considered by the model include sensitive pollutants, corresponding water quality concentration indexes, water quality sensitive periods and hydrologic conditions;
for degradable pollutants, the one-dimensional water quality model of the river is expressed by a formula (2), and the formula is expressed as an expression (3) for calculating the length of a river reach in a general area after being changed;
wherein C is 0 The concentration of the pollutants in the initial section is mg/L;
C x mg/L for contaminant concentration after x distance;
x is the longitudinal distance along the river reach, m;
u is the average flow velocity of the river section under the designed flow, m/s;
k is the comprehensive attenuation coefficient of the pollutants, and 1/s;
the comprehensive attenuation coefficient K value of the pollutants is a comprehensive coefficient reflecting the along-way change of the pollutants, is an important parameter for calculating the water pollutant receiving capacity, and the attenuation coefficients of different pollutants are related to hydrology and environmental conditions, and the actual measurement data of the section are adopted to carry out back-pushing by using a formula:
wherein u is the average flow velocity of the river section, m/s;
DeltaX is the distance between the upper section and the lower section, and m;
C A the concentration of the pollutants on the upper section is mg/L;
C B the concentration of the contaminants in the lower section is mg/L.
2. The river-type drinking water source site protection system based on water intake water quality safety according to claim 1, wherein the supervision and protection area is divided into an important supervision area and a general supervision area, the important supervision area comprises a pollution source drain outlet section of the water intake protection area, 3 section areas with the largest contribution of discharge load to the water intake section, and section areas with the contribution proportion of pollution load being more than 30%, and the other sections are used as the general supervision area.
3. The river type drinking water source site protection system based on water intake water quality safety according to claim 1, wherein the emergency protection area defines an important area and a general area according to the risk of emergency pollution sources and the emergency required time, the emergency time is less than 2h, the important area is divided into the important area, the general area is divided into the road and bridge passing through the urban area and enterprises discharging and leaking toxic and harmful pollutants are taken as the important area of the emergency protection area, and bridges and river roads far away from the water intake section are taken as the general area.
4. The river-type drinking water source site protection system based on water intake water quality safety according to claim 3, wherein in the emergency protection zone division process, after determining the section position of the emergency protection zone, the next division is performed by reasonably calculating the migration time of pollutants, the pollutant mass is migrated downstream in a translation manner, and the time for the pollutant mass to migrate to the water intake section is estimated by the formula (5):
wherein T is emergency time, s;
V 1 、V 2 、V 3 calculating the maximum flow rate of different water periods according to the flow rate m/s of different river sections when the water pollution event occurs through on-site measurement or estimation through past hydrologic monitoring data;
L 1 、L 2 、L 3 to respectively correspond to V 1 、V 2 、V 3 The length of the river reach of the flow velocity, m, dividing the river reach according to the river flow and the distribution of the main and branch flows, L 1 、L 2 、L 3 Respectively a first river, a second river and a third river.
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