CN110909484A - Watershed grey water footprint evaluation method and water environment treatment strategy making method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a watershed grey water footprint evaluation method and a water environment treatment strategy making method, wherein the grey water footprint evaluation method is used for dividing a watershed to be evaluated into evaluation units according to basic data of the watershed; carrying out accounting analysis on the position of each pollution source in each evaluation unit and the river entering pollution load process to obtain the load discharge amount of each pollution source; for point source and non-point source pollution discharge river-entering loads of each evaluation unit, establishing a grey water footprint accounting model according to different pollution discharge modes and pollutant migration reduction equations; determining grey water footprint accounting parameters according to the upstream and downstream relationship of the drainage basin and the difference of the water quality targets; and calculating the various grey water footprints of the unit to be evaluated according to the grey water footprint accounting parameters and the grey water footprint accounting model. The watershed grey water footprint evaluation method provided by the invention can effectively represent the water environment influence of small-space-scale pollution load discharge and support the application of refined and scientific water environment management.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of water environment protection, and particularly relates to a watershed grey water footprint evaluation method and a water environment treatment strategy formulation method.
Background
The Grey Water Footprint (GWF) is an index related to Water pollution and represents the environmental influence of the economic and social pollution discharge process on Water bodies such as rivers, lakes and the like. The grey water footprint is generally defined as the volume of fresh water required to dilute a certain pollution load to a level above a certain environmental water quality standard, based on natural background concentration and existing water environment quality standards. Therefore, the influence of the discharge of the pollution load on the water body is quantified into the water quantity by grey water footprint evaluation, the consumption of the pollutant carrying capacity of the natural water body caused by pollution discharge can be evaluated quantitatively, and the stress degree of the pollution discharge on the water environment can be reflected more intuitively.
At present, macroscopic quantitative analysis is carried out on a large-scale area by gray water footprint accounting, differential water quality target management requirements are not considered from the aspect of water collecting basin systematicness to carry out gray water footprint evaluation accounting, river water pollution process mechanisms under different types of pollution source discharge conditions are not considered sufficiently, scientificity and practicability of water footprint evaluation results are affected, and water and land integrated water environment control application is difficult to support.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the invention provides a watershed grey water footprint evaluation method and a water environment treatment strategy making method, and overcomes the defects that the grey water footprint is not measured from the perspective of the difference of watershed systematicness and water quality control target space and the mechanism of a water pollution process under the discharge conditions of different types of pollution sources is not considered sufficiently in the prior art.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for evaluating a grey water footprint of a drainage basin, including: acquiring basic data of a watershed to be evaluated, and dividing evaluation units of the watershed to be evaluated according to the basic data; carrying out accounting analysis on the position of each pollution source in each evaluation unit and the river entering pollution load process to obtain the load discharge amount of each pollution source; for point source and non-point source pollution discharge river-entering loads of each evaluation unit, establishing a grey water footprint accounting model according to different pollution discharge modes and pollutant migration reduction equations; determining grey water footprint accounting parameters according to the upstream-downstream relation of the drainage basin and the difference of the water quality targets; and calculating the various grey water foot traces of the unit to be evaluated according to the grey water foot trace accounting parameters and the grey water foot trace accounting model.
In an embodiment, the basic data of the watershed to be evaluated includes: spatial data, pollution data, and hydrological data.
In an embodiment, the objective of performing accounting analysis on the source position and river-entering pollution load process of each type of pollution source in each evaluation unit includes: point source load accounting and non-point source load accounting.
In one embodiment, the river type evaluation unit grey water footprint accounting model is represented by the following formula:
wherein GWF is evaluationThe total grey water footprint of the cell; GWFmThe trace amount of grey water generated by the mth (a) point source discharge of the evaluation unit is calculated; GWFnTo evaluate the amount of grey water heel produced by the nth (total b) non-point source discharge of the cell.
In one embodiment, the grey water footprint generated by point source discharge and the grey water footprint generated by non-point source discharge of the river type evaluation unit are calculated by the following formula:
in the formula, CsManaging target concentration for controlling the water quality of cross-section pollutants; x is the distance from the control section to the upstream reference section or the control section to the river section at the m-th point source discharge port; k is the comprehensive attenuation coefficient of the pollutants; mu is the average flow speed designed for the river reach; c0Is the concentration of pollutants in the incoming water at the upstream of the reference section; qm1The sewage quantity of the m-th point source is discharged; cm1The pollutant concentration discharged by the m-th point source; mnAnd discharging the nth non-point source pollutant load for the two sides of the river reach.
In one embodiment, the lake reservoir type evaluation unit grey water footprint accounting is calculated by the following formula:
in the formula, GWFLEvaluating the unit grey water footage for the lake and reservoir; csControlling the target concentration of the water quality control of the cross-section pollutants for the lake body; ceThe water concentration of a certain pollution source flowing into the lake and reservoir; k is the comprehensive attenuation coefficient of the pollutants; q is the flow of a pollution source into the lake reservoir.
In an embodiment, the determining the grey water footprint accounting parameter according to the upstream and downstream relationship of the drainage basin and the difference of the water quality target includes: determining the water environment quality standard concentration of the pollutant of the control section, determining the background concentration of the pollutant in the water upstream of the reference section, determining the comprehensive attenuation coefficient of the pollutant, determining the distance from the control section to the reference section or the point source pollution discharge entrance and determining the design average flow speed of the river reach.
In one embodiment, the water environment quality standard concentration of the pollutant in the control section is calculated by the following formula:
Cs＝(Cdown-s-C0)/Adown×ak+Ck-0，
in the formula, AdownThe total area of the water collection area of the nearest control section of the downstream; a iskThe area of the evaluation unit; cdown-sThe water quality standard concentration of the downstream nearest control section is obtained; c0Evaluating the background concentration of the pollutants on the reference section of the unit at the most upstream end; ck-0The background concentration of pollutants on the reference section of the evaluation unit is obtained.
In one embodiment, the background concentration of contaminants in the incoming water upstream of the reference section is calculated by the following equation:
in the formula, AeThe area of each afflux section water collecting area adjacent to the upstream; cesThe water quality standard concentration of the upstream adjacent afflux control section; e is the number of the merging sections immediately upstream.
In a second aspect, the embodiment of the invention provides a method for making a water environment treatment strategy, and according to the grey water footprint accounting result obtained by the method for evaluating the grey water footprint of the drainage basin in the first aspect of the embodiment of the invention, the structure and the time-space distribution characteristics of the grey water footprint of the drainage basin are analyzed, the type and the time-space distribution of a pollution source are identified, and the water environment treatment strategy of the drainage basin is made.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages:
1. according to the method for evaluating the grey water footprint of the drainage basin, the difference of water quality section management targets in the drainage basin is considered from the aspect of the water and land system of the drainage basin, the evaluation space units are divided, a foundation is laid for calculating the grey water footprint of the evaluation unit under the target concentration of the differentiated water quality, the evaluation result can effectively reflect the grey water footprint process of the space units with different water quality target requirements, and reference is provided for water and land integrated and space differentiated water environment partition management.
2. The method for evaluating the grey water footprint of the drainage basin enables grey water footprint accounting to consider load transfer and conversion mechanisms of various pollution sources, and improves the scientificity and practicability of evaluation results. According to different pollution discharge modes and a pollutant migration reduction equation, a grey water footprint measurement relation between different pollution discharge loads and the water quality concentration of a control section is established, a basin grey water footprint area-division measuring and calculating model method is provided, grey water footprints generated by discharge of various pollution (point sources and non-point sources) loads are quantified, and technical support can be provided for establishment of refined water environment management measures.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of one example of a method for evaluating a footprint of a basin grey water provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the boundaries and numbers of watershed estimation space units obtained by partitioning according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of grey water footprints of a riverway point source and non-point source discharge of a riverway evaluation unit provided by an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of grey water footprint input by any pollution source of the lake and reservoir evaluation unit provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a watershed addition water quality control section according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a generation of a basin grey water footprint evaluation unit provided by an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 7 is a graph comparing the total amount of grey water footprints and the structure of each river type evaluation unit of a drainage basin provided by the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing a comparison of grey water footprint structures of an evaluation unit of a lake reservoir in a drainage basin provided by an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In addition, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
Example 1
The embodiment of the invention provides a method for evaluating a grey water footprint of a drainage basin, which is suitable for quantitatively evaluating the grey water footprint of the drainage basin. As shown in fig. 1, the evaluation method includes the steps of:
step S1: and acquiring basic data of the watershed to be evaluated, and dividing evaluation units of the watershed to be evaluated according to the basic data.
In the embodiment of the invention, aiming at a river catchment basin, a sub-basin dividing module tool of ArcSWAT software is utilized to divide the assessed basin into assessment space units which comprehensively consider basin catchment rules and cross section target assessment according to DEM data, water systems and water quality cross section positions in the basin. Specifically, DEM raster data, water system and lake and reservoir vector data are introduced into a DEM Setup module, and river network definition and generation are carried out to obtain water system distribution and main and branch intersection nodes; further, in an Outlet and Inlet Definition module, the position of a water quality monitoring control section in an ArcGIS flow domain is referred to, a sub-flow domain Outlet node is added, and sub-flow domain evaluation units are divided and numbered at a selected flow domain Outlet, so that an evaluation space unit division result as shown in fig. 2 is formed. And further, calculating the area and the river length of each evaluation unit by using a GIS space geometric analysis tool.
Step S2: and carrying out accounting analysis on the position of each pollution source in each evaluation unit and the river entering pollution load process to obtain the load discharge amount of each pollution source.
In the embodiment of the invention, the positions of various pollution sources and the river-entering pollution load process are determined one by one according to the defined evaluation unit. In each evaluation unit, the types of the pollution sources comprise point sources (tail water of urban sewage treatment plants, industrial enterprise wastewater, large-scale farm pollution discharge and the like) and non-point sources (urban runoff, farmland runoff, rural life, decentralized breeding and the like), and the load discharge amount of various pollution sources can be obtained through data statistical analysis, field monitoring and other modes.
Step S3: and (4) establishing a grey water footprint accounting model according to different pollution discharge modes and pollutant migration reduction equations for point source and non-point source pollution discharge river-entering loads of each evaluation unit.
In the embodiment of the invention, for the river channel type evaluation unit, the types of the pollution sources entering the river comprise point sources and non-point sources, and a refined grey water footprint accounting model is established according to point source and non-point source pollution discharge modes and a river channel pollutant migration reduction equation respectively. For the lake and reservoir evaluation unit, the types of pollution sources entering the lake and reservoir comprise river injection, lake shore point sources and non-point sources, the enough trace amount of grey water input by the pollution sources is quantified by the water amount required by the lake body, and a grey water footprint accounting model is established according to a zero-dimensional water quality equation of the lake and reservoir under the condition that the input and output water amount of the lake and reservoir reaches a steady state.
Step S4: and determining grey water footprint accounting parameters according to the upstream-downstream relation of the drainage basin and the difference of the water quality targets.
In the embodiment of the invention, the grey water footprint accounting parameters of each evaluation unit are determined by considering the upstream and downstream relations of the drainage basin and the difference of the water quality target.
Step S5: and calculating the various grey water footprints of the unit to be evaluated according to the grey water footprint accounting parameters and the grey water footprint accounting model.
In the embodiment of the invention, for the river channel type evaluation unit, various grey water foot-track quantities of the unit to be evaluated are calculated according to grey water foot-track calculation models established by point source and non-point source pollution discharge modes and a river channel pollutant migration reduction equation and calculation parameters determined by considering upstream and downstream relations of a drainage basin and water quality target differences. And for the lake and reservoir evaluation unit, calculating various grey water foot tracks of the unit to be evaluated according to a grey water foot track calculation model established by a zero-dimensional water quality equation of the lake and reservoir and calculation parameters determined by considering upstream and downstream relations of a drainage basin and water quality target differences.
In an embodiment, the basic data of the watershed to be evaluated includes: spatial data, pollution data, and hydrological data. The basic data adopted in the embodiment of the invention are specifically shown in the following table:
in one embodiment, the objective of performing accounting analysis on the source position and river-entering pollution load process of each type of pollution source in each evaluation unit comprises: point source load accounting and non-point source load accounting. In the embodiment of the invention, the evaluation of various pollution discharge load approval items and requirements of the space unit are specifically shown in the following table:
the method for verifying the loads of various pollution sources in the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
1. load assessment for industrial enterprises
Calculating the formula: industrial pollution discharge load is water discharge quantity x pollutant effluent concentration
The data sources of various pollution source loads in the embodiment of the invention comprise: monitoring data and environmental statistical data of industrial enterprises.
2. Urban life load verification
Calculating the formula: the load of sewage treatment plant is the amount of treated sewage and the concentration of the effluent of pollutants
The data sources of various pollution source loads in the embodiment of the invention comprise: monitoring data and environmental statistical data of urban sewage treatment plants.
3. Load verification of large-scale cultivation plant
Calculating the formula: the load of the breeding plant is equal to the breeding quantity multiplied by the pollution discharge coefficient multiplied by the river entering coefficient
The data sources of various pollution source loads in the embodiment of the invention comprise: environmental statistical data, pollution source census pollution discharge coefficient and field monitoring.
4. Urban runoff load verification
Calculating the formula: urban runoff load is equal to surface runoff quantity multiplied by pollutant concentration
The data sources of various pollution source loads in the embodiment of the invention comprise: precipitation and runoff production data, field monitoring and pollution source general survey data.
5. Rural non-point source load verification
The rural non-point source load verification project comprises a rural distributed farm, farmland runoff and rural domestic sewage discharge load.
Calculating the formula: l isNoodle i＝Aiki
In the formula, LNoodle iThe river entry load (g/d) as the ith pollution source; a. theiThe number of pollution sources of the ith species (livestock and poultry, paddy fields, dry lands and rural population); k is a radical ofiOutput coefficient (0) for the i-th pollution source<ki<1)。
The data sources of various pollution source loads in the embodiment of the invention comprise: and (4) carrying out statistics on yearbook data, monitoring data, land utilization data and pollution source census data.
In an embodiment, a refined gray water footprint measurement and calculation model is established for point source and non-point source pollution discharge river inflow loads of any river type evaluation unit according to different pollution discharge modes and a river pollutant migration reduction equation, as shown in fig. 3, a gray water footprint schematic diagram of point source and non-point source discharge of the river type evaluation unit.
The grey water footprint accounting model of the river channel type evaluation unit in the embodiment is represented by the following formula:
wherein GWF is the total grey water footprint (m) of the evaluation unit3/s)；GWFmIs the m-th kind of evaluation unitThe water-ash foot-path quantity (m) generated by point source discharge (a types in total)3/s)；GWFnFor the evaluation unit of nth (total of b) non-point source discharge generated grey water foot amount (m)3/s)。
In one embodiment, the grey water footprint generated by point source discharge and the grey water footprint generated by non-point source discharge of the river type evaluation unit are calculated by the following formula:
in the formula, CsManaging target concentration (mg/L) for controlling the water quality of cross-section pollutants; x is the distance (m) from the control section to the upstream reference section or from the control section to the river section at the m-th point source discharge port; k is the comprehensive attenuation coefficient (1/d) of the pollutants; mu is average flow speed (m/s) designed for the river reach; c0Concentration of pollutants (mg/L) in the incoming water upstream of the reference section; qm1The m is the point source sewage discharge amount (m)3/s)；Cm1The pollutant concentration (mg/L) discharged by the m-th point source; mnDischarging the nth non-point source pollutant load (g/d) for two sides of the river reach.
In an embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, which is a schematic view of the grey water footprint input by any pollution source of the lake and reservoir evaluation unit, for the lake-type evaluation unit, the grey water footprint input by various pollution sources is quantified by the amount of water required by the lake body, assuming that the input and output water amount of the lake and reservoir reaches a steady state condition according to a zero-dimensional water quality equation of the lake and reservoir. Pollution sources include, among others, river injection loads, lake shore point sources, and non-point source loads.
In the embodiment of the invention, the grey water footprint accounting of the lake type evaluation unit is calculated by the following formula:
in the formula, GWFLEvaluation of cell grey water footprints (m) for lakes and reservoirs3)；CsControlling the target concentration (mg/L) of the water quality control of the cross-section pollutants for the lake body; ceThe water quality concentration (mg/L) of a certain pollution source flowing into the lake and reservoir; k is a radical ofThe comprehensive attenuation coefficient (1/d) of pollutants; q is the flow (m) of a pollution source flowing into the lake or reservoir3/s)。
In one embodiment, determining grey water footprint accounting parameters according to upstream and downstream relationships of the watershed and water quality target differences comprises: determining the water environment quality standard concentration of the pollutant of the control section, determining the background concentration of the pollutant in the water coming from the upstream of the reference section, determining the comprehensive attenuation coefficient of the pollutant, determining the distance from the control section to the reference section or the point source pollution discharge entrance and determining the design average flow speed of the river reach, wherein: the water environment quality standard concentration of the cross section pollutant is controlled to be calculated by the following formula:
Cs＝(Cdown-s-C0)/Adown×ak+Ck-0，
in the formula, AdownFor the downstream nearest control section water collecting area (km)2)；akThe area (km) of the cell is evaluated2)；Cdown-sThe water quality standard concentration (mg/L) of the nearest control section of the downstream is obtained; c0Background concentration (mg/L) of the pollutant of the reference section of the most upstream end evaluation unit; ck-0The background concentration (mg/L) of the pollutants on the reference section of the evaluation unit is obtained.
In the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2, the water environment control section (e.g., the evaluation units 2, 4, 14) is determined according to the collected water quality standard concentration of the water environment control section. For the evaluation units (such as evaluation units 3, 7, 9 and 10) with control sections not being the control sections, the areas of other evaluation units and the standard concentration of the water quality of the control sections in the downstream nearest control sections and the water collecting areas thereof are determined.
The background concentration of the pollutants in the water upstream of the reference section is calculated by the following formula:
in the formula, AeFor each merging section area immediately upstream (i.e. the sum of the relevant upstream evaluation unit areas, km)2)；CesFor immediate upstream admission controlPreparing standard concentration (mg/L) of water quality of a section; e is the number of the merging sections immediately upstream.
In the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in a schematic diagram of a boundary and a number of a watershed evaluation space unit obtained by dividing fig. 2, for a watershed trunk and tributary source reference section (such as evaluation units 1 and 2), a source background concentration value is obtained; for the water quality control sections (example evaluation units 5 and 14), the water quality control target concentration of the control sections is obtained; for other cases (such as the evaluation unit 4), the water quality standard concentration of the control section is determined according to the upstream evaluation unit.
The comprehensive attenuation coefficient of the pollutants can be determined by using an analysis method and an actual measurement method in the embodiment of the invention.
The analysis borrowing method is adopted after the related data in the past work and research of the evaluation unit are analyzed and checked, and when no related data exists, the data of adjacent rivers or lakes and reservoirs with similar hydraulic characteristics, pollution conditions, geography and meteorological conditions can be borrowed.
The actual measurement method comprises the steps of selecting a certain section of a middle river channel of an evaluation unit river reach, a stable water flow, no branch flow in the middle and no sewage discharge outlet, respectively arranging sampling points at the upstream (point A) and the downstream (point B) of the river channel, monitoring a pollutant concentration value, simultaneously testing hydrological parameters to determine the average flow velocity of a cross section, and calculating according to the following formula:
in the formula: k is the comprehensive attenuation coefficient (1/d) of the pollutants; cAThe upper section pollutant concentration (mg/L); cBLower section contaminant concentration (mg/L); l is the length (km) of the sub-river reach; v is the average flow velocity (km/d) of the sub-river reach.
In the embodiment of the invention, the actual length of each river reach is calculated by utilizing the geographic analysis function of ArcGIS software according to the GIS data of the river reach, the position data of the sewage discharge outlet and the control section.
River reach design average flow velocity in the embodiment of the invention, the average value of the collected historical monitoring flow velocities of neighboring hydrological stations in the 10-year rich period is used as the design average flow velocity. For the situation that the hydrological station is far away or has no historical monitoring, the hydrological station can be acquired in a field monitoring mode in the leveling period of the evaluation period.
According to the method, differentiated water quality target management requirements are considered from the aspect of watershed land and water systematicness, evaluation units for different water quality target management are divided, a comprehensive grey water footprint accounting method based on a pollution discharge load transfer and conversion process is provided for different types of river-entering pollution sources, a watershed grey water footprint quantitative evaluation technical method is formed, so that grey water footprint measurement and calculation results can reflect actual conditions better, the water environment influence of hourly space-scale pollution load emission is effectively represented, and the grey water footprint evaluation technology is promoted to support the application of refined and scientific water environment management.
Example 2
The embodiment of the invention provides a method for making a water environment treatment strategy, which analyzes the structure and the space-time distribution characteristics of a grey water footprint of a drainage basin according to a grey water footprint accounting result obtained by a drainage basin grey water footprint evaluation method, identifies the type and the space-time distribution of a pollution source and provides a drainage basin water environment treatment strategy.
Based on the method for evaluating the grey water footprint of the drainage basin provided by the embodiment 1 of the invention, a typical lake type drainage basin (including both a river type evaluation unit and a lake and reservoir type evaluation unit) is taken as an example for explanation, and a typical pollutant Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) is taken as an example for evaluation and analysis of the grey water footprint of the drainage basin in 5 months in a certain year, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: basic data collection
The acquired basic data of the drainage basin comprises three types of spatial data, pollution data and hydrological data, and the specific basic data to be acquired is shown in the following table:
the second step is that: river and lake water system definition and generation
In the embodiment of the invention, by using a waterwashed offline tool of arcswap software, DEM raster data and water system vector data are imported into a DEM Setup module, and river network definition and generation are performed to obtain water system distribution and a trunk and tributary intersection node. The river network generation result and the positions of 6 water quality monitoring and control sections in the river basin are shown in fig. 5.
The third step: river water quality monitoring control section adding
In an Outlet and Inlet Definition module of a watercut delilination tool, the embodiment of the invention refers to the position of a water quality monitoring and control section in an ArcGIS (advanced technology information System), and adds sub-basin Outlet nodes respectively for water quality monitoring and control sections 1, 5 and 6 which do not automatically generate sub-basin outlets, wherein the addition result is shown in figure 5, wherein monitoring and control sections 2, 3 and 4 are water quality monitoring and control sections which automatically generate sub-basin outlets, and monitoring and control sections 1, 5 and 6 are water quality monitoring and control sections of the added sub-basin outlets.
The fourth step: generation and evaluation unit for selecting basin outlet
In the embodiment of the invention, in the drainage basin outlet selection module, the drainage basin evaluation range outlet is selected, the water quality monitoring control section 6 is selected as the drainage basin total outlet, the sub-drainage basin evaluation units are divided and numbered, and an evaluation space unit division result as shown in fig. 6 is formed.
Further using the sub-basin unit parameter calculation function to calculate and determine the basic parameters of each evaluation unit, the area, river length and section water quality standards of the basin evaluation unit in this embodiment are specifically shown in the following table:
the fifth step: non-point source load verification of evaluation unit points
The embodiment of the invention confirms various pollution sources river-entering pollution loads of 5 months one by one according to the evaluation unit type and various point source and non-point source pollution load confirming methods aiming at the evaluation space unit division result shown in figure 6, and comprises the following steps: point source load verification results of the river channel type evaluation unit, distances between the river channel type evaluation unit and the control section, non-point source load verification results of the river channel type evaluation unit and various pollution load verification results of the lake and reservoir evaluation unit.
The point source load verification result and the distance from the point source load verification result to the control section of the river channel type evaluation unit are shown in the following table:
the non-point source load verification results of the river channel type evaluation unit are shown in the following table:
the results of various pollution load verification of the lake and reservoir evaluation unit are shown in the following table:
and a sixth step: river and lake ash water footprint accounting parameter determination
According to the embodiment of the invention, the collected basic data and the standard statistical results of the area, the river length and the section water quality of the watershed evaluation unit are utilized, the upstream and downstream relation of the watershed and the difference of the water quality control target are considered, and the water quality target concentration of the section controlled by the evaluation unit 3 and the water quality background concentration of the evaluation unit 4 are further determined in a supplementing manner.
According to a water environment quality standard concentration accounting formula for controlling section pollutants and an intake water pollutant background concentration accounting formula on the upstream of a reference section, the control section water quality target concentration or the reference section background concentration of the evaluation units 3, 4, 6, 7 and 8 is supplemented, and the evaluation unit section water quality standard result after the supplement and the verification is shown in the following table:
determining the comprehensive attenuation coefficient (k, 1/d) of the pollutants: and analyzing and borrowing related literature data by adopting an analysis borrowing method to determine that the COD degradation coefficient of each river reach is 0.12/d.
Controlling the distance (x, m) from the section to a reference section or a point source sewage discharge river entrance: and calculating the river length of each evaluation unit by utilizing the geographic analysis function of ArcGIS software according to the GIS data of the river reach, and further analyzing and calculating the distance from each point source to the river entering position of the pollution discharge to the control section according to the positions of the pollution discharge outlet and the control section.
River reach design average flow velocity (μ, m/s): the average flow rate of each river channel evaluation unit in the evaluation period is obtained in a field monitoring mode in the 5-month flat period as shown in the following table:
| evaluation unit | Average flow velocity (m/s) of |
| 2 | 0.7 |
| 3 | 0.24 |
| 4 | 0.28 |
| 5 | 0.56 |
| 6 | 0.5 |
| 7 | 0.38 |
| 8 | 0.31 |
| 9 | 0.33 |
The seventh step: grey water footprint zoning classification evaluation
Based on the determined accounting parameters, the embodiment of the invention respectively calculates the grey water foot-path quantity of point source and non-point source pollution discharge in each river channel evaluation unit and the grey water foot-path quantity of various pollution sources in the lake and reservoir evaluation unit according to the grey water foot-path accounting formula of the river channel evaluation unit and the grey water foot-path accounting formula of the lake type evaluation unit. Wherein, the track accounting parameters and the accounting results of the point source emission grey water of the river channel type evaluation unit are shown in the following table:
the track accounting parameters and the accounting results of the non-point source emission gray water of the river channel evaluation unit are shown in the following table:
the grey water footprint accounting parameters and the accounting results of various pollution load emissions of the lake and reservoir type evaluation unit are shown in the following table:
eighth step: analysis of results
And further statistically analyzing the drainage basin space and structural characteristics of the grey water footprints according to the grey water footprint accounting results of various pollution discharge loads of each evaluation unit and the pollution types, wherein the analysis results are shown in fig. 7 and 8.
As shown by FIGS. 7 and 8, the total amount of grey water footprint during 5 months of the basin varied over 9 evaluation space units. The grey water footprints of the lake and reservoir evaluation unit 1 mainly come from upstream river inflows (above the outlet of the evaluation unit 3, accounting for 29%), rural non-point sources (23%) of the space unit, and then industrial enterprises, large-scale cultivation, urban runoff and urban life. In the evaluation units 2 to 9, the evaluation units 8, 6, 4 and 7 with larger total gray water footprints are respectively more than 30m 3/s; the evaluation units 3, 5, 9 have a smaller total grey water footprint. In addition, from the view of the grey water footprint structure, the grey water footprint generated by rural non-point source and large-scale breeding discharge is dominant in the whole drainage basin, and urban life, industrial enterprises and urban runoff are the second place. Therefore, in the water environment renovation work in the drainage basin, non-point source pollution prevention and control in rural areas and large-scale livestock and poultry breeding renovation can be used as priority projects to mainly develop related work.
The analysis of the embodiment shows that compared with the large-scale area grey water footprint accounting method of predecessors, the method provided by the invention divides the evaluation space units from the viewpoint of watershed and land system of the river basin and in consideration of the difference of the water quality section management targets in the river basin, and effectively quantifies the grey water footprint under the requirement of the river or lake type watershed differentiated water quality target. Meanwhile, a river basin grey water footprint area measurement model method is provided by utilizing the grey water footprint measurement relation between different pollution discharge loads and the grey water under the control section water quality standard, and grey water footprints generated when various pollution (point sources and non-point sources) loads are discharged into rivers and lakes are quantified.
In the embodiment of the invention, the characteristics of the total amount, the structure, the spatial distribution and the like of the grey water footprint of the drainage basin are further analyzed according to the grey water footprint accounting results of various pollution sources of each evaluation unit obtained through evaluation, and technical support is provided for the formulation of the water environment optimization management and control policy of the drainage basin.
It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications therefrom are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for evaluating a grey water footprint of a drainage basin is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring basic data of a watershed to be evaluated, and dividing evaluation units of the watershed to be evaluated according to the basic data;
carrying out accounting analysis on the position of each pollution source in each evaluation unit and the river entering pollution load process to obtain the load discharge amount of each pollution source;
for point source and non-point source pollution discharge river-entering loads of each evaluation unit, establishing a grey water footprint accounting model according to different pollution discharge modes and pollutant migration reduction equations;
determining grey water footprint accounting parameters according to the upstream-downstream relation of the drainage basin and the difference of the water quality targets;
and calculating the various grey water foot traces of the unit to be evaluated according to the grey water foot trace accounting parameters and the grey water foot trace accounting model.
2. The watershed grey water footprint evaluation method of claim 1, wherein the basic data of the watershed to be evaluated comprises: spatial data, pollution data, and hydrological data.
3. The method for evaluating the grey water footprint of a watershed according to claim 1, wherein the objective of performing accounting analysis on the locations of various pollution sources and river-entering pollution load processes in each evaluation unit comprises: point source load accounting and non-point source load accounting.
4. The watershed grey water footprint evaluation method of claim 1, wherein the riverway type evaluation unit grey water footprint accounting model is represented by the following formula:
wherein GWF is the total grey water footprint of the evaluation unit; GWFmThe method comprises the following steps of (1) evaluating the trace amount of grey water generated by mth point source discharge of a unit, wherein the point source pollutants are a; GWFnThe unit was evaluated for nth non-point source discharge of b non-point source pollutants.
5. The watershed grey water footprint evaluation method of claim 4, wherein the grey water footprint generated by point source discharge and the grey water footprint accounting generated by non-point source discharge of the river channel type evaluation unit are calculated by the following formula:
in the formula, CsManaging target concentration for controlling the water quality of cross-section pollutants; x is the distance from the control section to the upstream reference section or the control section to the river section at the m-th point source discharge port; k is the comprehensive attenuation coefficient of the pollutants; mu is the average flow speed designed for the river reach; c0Is the concentration of pollutants in the incoming water at the upstream of the reference section; qm1The sewage quantity of the m-th point source is discharged; cm1The pollutant concentration discharged by the m-th point source; mnAnd discharging the nth non-point source pollutant load for the two sides of the river reach.
6. The watershed grey water footprint evaluation method of claim 1, wherein the lake-reservoir type evaluation unit grey water footprint accounting is calculated by the following formula:
in the formula, GWFLEvaluating the unit grey water footage for the lake and reservoir; csControlling the target concentration of the water quality control of the cross-section pollutants for the lake body; ceThe water concentration of a certain pollution source flowing into the lake and reservoir; k is the comprehensive attenuation coefficient of the pollutants; q is the flow of a pollution source into the lake reservoir.
7. The method for evaluating the grey water footprint of the watershed according to claim 1, wherein the determining grey water footprint accounting parameters according to the upstream and downstream relationships of the watershed and the difference of the water quality targets comprises: determining the water environment quality standard concentration of the pollutant of the control section, determining the background concentration of the pollutant in the water upstream of the reference section, determining the comprehensive attenuation coefficient of the pollutant, determining the distance from the control section to the reference section or the point source pollution discharge entrance and determining the design average flow speed of the river reach.
8. The watershed grey water footprint evaluation method of claim 7, wherein the water environment quality standard concentration of the control section contaminants is calculated by the following formula:
Cs＝(Cdown-s-C0)/Adown×ak+Ck-0，
in the formula, AdownThe total area of the water collection area of the nearest control section of the downstream; a iskThe area of the evaluation unit; cdown-sThe water quality standard concentration of the downstream nearest control section is obtained; c0Evaluating the background concentration of the pollutants on the reference section of the unit at the most upstream end; ck-0The background concentration of pollutants on the reference section of the evaluation unit is obtained.
9. The watershed grey water footprint evaluation method of claim 7, wherein the background concentration of contaminants in the incoming water upstream of the reference section is calculated by the following formula:
in the formula, AeThe area of each afflux section water collecting area adjacent to the upstream; cesThe water quality standard concentration of the upstream adjacent afflux control section; e is the number of the merging sections immediately upstream.
10. A method for making a water environment treatment strategy is characterized in that a watershed water environment treatment strategy is made by analyzing a watershed water foot print structure and space-time distribution characteristics according to a water foot print accounting result obtained by the watershed water foot print evaluation method of any one of claims 1 to 9, identifying pollution source types and space-time distribution of the pollution source types.
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