CN108664647A - A kind of basin fine-grained management system of integrated Model of Water Environment - Google Patents
A kind of basin fine-grained management system of integrated Model of Water Environment Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of basin fine-grained management systems of integrated Model of Water Environment, the fine-grained management system is provided with database, the database has included the hydrology, it is meteorological, pollution sources, water monitoring data, basin is divided by sub- computing unit by the river network of watershed mesh generation information stored in the mesh generation module of the network of waterways simultaneously, finally determine the entire water-based sub- computing unit grid in basin, the pollutant concentration of each sub- computing unit grid in basin is simulated using model computation module, based on Model of Water Environment, build water pollution accident analysis method, pollution sources respond and administration project benefit analysis methods, counter trace back of overproof water quality influences pollution sources method, to realize basin presence of pollution sources, the dynamic of project and water quality etc., fine-grained management.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to monitoring water environments and management domain, and in particular to a kind of basin fining of integrated Model of Water Environment
Management system.
Background technology
With the rapid development of internet and computer technology, informationization technology has obtained widely answering in industry-by-industry
With.Wherein, the level of IT application of environmental monitoring technology is also being continuously improved.Currently, China has formed multi-stage environmental monitoring station,
The quantity for the environmental monitoring mechanism that industry-by-industry and department establish also is on the increase, in Environment Monitoring System, informationization technology
Use substantially increase the efficiency of monitoring so that trans-regional cooperation is possibly realized.
In addition to environmental monitoring technology, informationization technology can equally play a significant role in environmental management.It can be said that environment
The level of IT application represents the environmental management comprehensive strength and competitiveness in a region to a certain extent, is to realize environmental science
The basic guarantee of management and decision.
Specific to water environment management, more elements such as pollution sources, water quality, water, administration project in water environment basin are located
In dynamic change, and impact factor is complex so that carrying out fine-grained management to water environment, there are great difficulty, at this
In the case of kind, the water environment management system that one dynamic, fining degree is high how is built, is that the prior art is still unsolved
What problem and environmental management department needed in a hurry.
Invention content
What the present invention solved is that the prior art there is technical issues that water environment progress fine-grained management, into
And a kind of water environment management system that mobilism is provided, that fining degree is high.
The present invention solve the technical solution that uses of above-mentioned technical problem for：
A kind of basin fine-grained management system of integrated Model of Water Environment, including：Database Unit, the Database Unit
It is stored with：Hydrological data bank includes the hydrologic monitoring data in basin；Source database is polluted, all kinds of pollution sources in basin are included
Emissions data；Basin geographic information database includes the geographic information data in basin；Meteorological, water monitoring data library, includes stream
The corresponding weather data of water quality data and meteorological site in domain；Basin society warp is included in basin socioeconomic data library
Ji and demographic information's data；The basin fine-grained management system is additionally provided with simulation of water quality unit, the simulation of water quality
Unit includes：Network of waterways network division module, the network of waterways mesh generation module are stored with the network of waterways mesh generation information in basin, stream
Domain elder generation Preliminary division is multiple non-uniform flow sections, then by each river reach's dividing is multiple sub- computing units, it is final determine it is entire
The water-based sub- computing unit grid in basin；Figure setting module, for production discharge coefficient, river pollutant sources and contaminant degradation to be arranged
Coefficient；The simulation of water quality unit is additionally provided with model computation module, and the model computation module is stored with the one-dimensional network of waterways in basin
Hydrodynamic force water quality model, basin non-point source produce blowdown model；The model computation module respectively with the Database Unit, the network of waterways
Network division module connects setting with figure setting module；The model computation module is suitable to transfer the Database Unit, river
The data information of net network division module and figure setting module, the pollutant for simulating each sub- computing unit grid in basin are dense
Degree.
The simulation of water quality unit is additionally provided with：Hydrographic information confirmation module, suitable for transferring the number of the hydrological data bank
It is believed that ceasing, the data information for confirming the hydrographic data simultaneously assigns confirmation instruction；Pollution sources information confirmation module, suitable for adjusting
The data information for taking the pollution source database, for confirming the data information for polluting source data and assigning confirmation instruction；
When the hydrographic information confirmation module and the pollution sources information confirmation module assign confirmation instruction, the mould
Type computing module transfer automatically the Database Unit, the network of waterways network division module and figure setting module data information, mould
The pollutant concentration of each sub- computing unit grid in quasi- basin.
It is additionally provided with contamination accident analytic unit, the contamination accident analytic unit is provided with for inputting contamination accident number
The input module of value, input of the contamination accident analytic unit based on the contamination accident numerical value is to water pollution into Mobile state
Simulation calculates, and duration and the coverage of contamination accident are checked by analog result.
It is additionally provided with pollution sources response and administration project benefit unit, the pollution sources response and administration project benefit unit
It is stored with the information of pollution sources grassroot project and administration project scheme, each pollution sources grassroot project is corresponding to administration project scheme
It is provided with the corresponding pollutant discharge amount of project to increase numerical value or reduce numerical value, by selecting disparity items scheme to carry out water quality mould
It is quasi-, the environmental benefit that pollution sources grassroot project generates water quality of river with administration project can be checked by analog result.
Be additionally provided with the anti-influence pollution source unit that traces back of overproof water quality, the overproof water quality is counter trace back influence pollution source unit according to
The monitoring data of certain month certain year water quality section are analyzed, and are shown the exceeded situation of water quality, exceeded range and may be caused to surpass
Target pollution sources.
The anti-influence pollution source unit that traces back of the overproof water quality identifies that the method that may cause exceeded pollution sources is：(1) it selects
Surely the overproof water quality control section that analyze days, toward basin identified upstream water quality section, Zhi Daowu since the section of excess standard
Overproof water quality section stops；(2) the corresponding control unit of all overproof water quality sections of identification is determined；(3) it is wanted according to described select
The overstandard factor has been discharged in the identification in the described control unit that step (2) determines of the overstandard factor of the overproof water quality section of analysis
Pollution sources；(4) pollution sources of discharge beyond standards are further identified in the pollution sources for having discharged the overstandard factor identified,
It corresponds to that exceeded pollution sources may be caused.
Be additionally provided with mapping module, be stored with basin map in the mapping module, the mapping module respectively with institute
Contamination accident analytic unit, pollution sources response and administration project benefit unit, the anti-influence pollution source unit that traces back of overproof water quality is stated to connect
Connect setting.
Be additionally provided with mapping module, be stored with basin map in the mapping module, the mapping module respectively with institute
Contamination accident analytic unit, pollution sources response and administration project benefit unit, the anti-influence pollution source unit that traces back of overproof water quality is stated to connect
Connect setting.
The basin fine-grained management system of integrated Model of Water Environment of the present invention, advantage are：
The basin fine-grained management system of integrated Model of Water Environment of the present invention, is provided with database, the data
The hydrology, meteorology, pollution sources, water monitoring data have been included in library, while the basin by being stored in the mesh generation module of the network of waterways
Basin is divided into sub- computing unit by network of waterways mesh generation information, finally determines the entire water-based sub- computing unit grid in basin,
The pollutant concentration that each sub- computing unit grid in basin is simulated using model computation module, based on Model of Water Environment, structure
Building water pollution accident analysis method, pollution sources response and administration project benefit analysis methods, counter trace back of overproof water quality influences pollution sources
Method, to realize the dynamic, fine-grained management of basin pollution sources, project and water quality etc..
In order to keep the technical solution of the basin fine-grained management system of integrated Model of Water Environment of the present invention more clear
Chu Mingbai, below in conjunction with specific drawings and examples, the present invention will be described in further detail.
Description of the drawings
It is the schematic diagram of the basin fine-grained management system of integrated Model of Water Environment of the present invention as shown in Figure 1；
Wherein, reference numeral is：
The basins 1- fine-grained management system；2- Database Unit；3- simulation of water quality units；The networks of waterways 31- network division module；
32- figure setting modules；33- model computation modules；34- hydrographic information confirmation modules；4- contamination accident analytic units；5- pollutes
Source responds and administration project benefit unit；The anti-influence pollution source unit that traces back of 6- overproof water qualities；7- mapping modules.
Specific implementation mode
Present embodiment provides a kind of basin fine-grained management of integrated Model of Water Environment by taking Huangshui Watershed in Qinhai Province as an example
System 1, the schematic diagram of system is as shown in Figure 1, include：Database Unit 2, the Database Unit 2 are stored with：Hydrographic data
The hydrologic monitoring data in basin are included in library；Source database is polluted, the emissions data of all kinds of pollution sources in basin is included；Basin
Information database is managed, the geographic information data in basin is included；Meteorological, water monitoring data library, includes the water quality data in basin
Weather data corresponding with meteorological site；Basin social economy and demographics letter are included in basin socioeconomic data library
Cease data；
The basin fine-grained management system 1 is additionally provided with simulation of water quality unit 3, and the simulation of water quality unit 3 includes：River
Net network division module 31, the network of waterways mesh generation module are stored with the network of waterways mesh generation information in basin, and network of waterways network is drawn
Point method be：Basin elder generation Preliminary division be multiple non-uniform flow sections, then by each river reach's dividing be multiple sub- computing units,
Finally determine the entire water-based sub- computing unit grid in basin；
In present embodiment, 56 in huang water valley main Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches stream rivers are tentatively drawn by water environmental function zone situation
It is divided into 134 non-uniform flow sections, the non-uniform flow section refers to that waterpower having the same in same section, water quality parameter are special
Sign, the waterpower, water quality parameter feature include than drop, flow, flow velocity and contaminant degradation coefficient；And the water between each section
Power, water quality characteristic are then different.On this basis, then by 134 non-uniform flow river reach's dividings it is substantially isometric, is essentially
The sub- computing unit grid of 1000m long；Then all sections are traversed, whether see has water quality monitoring section, water environment on section
Functional areas node, and section is interrupted again in cross section place, entire basin of Huangshui River, which is finally divided into 2820 sons, calculates
Unit grid.Sub- computing unit grid is the basic unit that simulation of water quality analysis calculates.Non-point source and entering for point source converge and go out stream
It can be in arbitrary section or sub- computing unit grid.
For each computing unit grid divided in huang water valley, it is starting point from the Huangshui River trip hemp skin waterborne temple headwater, is opened from 1
The past downstream ascending order number that begins continues when reaching tributary toward tributary downstream ascending order number since the source of tributary, thus will
Entire all Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches streams of huang water valley are generally melted into a series of end to end sub- computing unit grids.
Finally number minimum value (No. 1) unit of determining huang water valley incidence matrix unit is located at the positive source fiber crops of the Huangshui River trip waterborne
The headwaters Pi Si, number maximum value (No. 2719) unit are located at huang water valley exit.Salt water ditch, grand two tributaries of ditch of controlling divide
Sub- computing unit number individually numbered from 2720 to 2820, two tributaries.
The simulation of water quality unit 3 is additionally provided with figure setting module 32 and model computation module 33, wherein coefficient is arranged
Module 32 is for being arranged production discharge coefficient, river pollutant sources and contaminant degradation coefficient；Using manual entry in present embodiment
Mode inputs the production discharge coefficient, river pollutant sources and contaminant degradation coefficient into the figure setting module 32.Wherein produce
Discharge coefficient includes but not limited to town dweller's domestic sewage coefficient (unit：The g/ man days), Animal fecal pollution day drain coefficient (thousand
Gram/first year), planting industry production discharge coefficient, rural resident's domestic sewage coefficient etc..
Model computation module 33 described in present embodiment is stored with the one-dimensional network of waterways hydrodynamic force water quality model in basin, basin
Non-point source produces blowdown model；The model computation module 33 respectively with the Database Unit 2, network of waterways network division module 31 and
The connection setting of figure setting module 32；The model computation module 33 simulates basin suitable for transferring the data information of modules
In each sub- computing unit grid pollutional load concentration.The one-dimensional network of waterways hydrodynamic force water quality model method in basin includes river perseverance
Determine blowdown one-dimensional stable degradation water quality model.
Its specific method is：(1) data stored in Database Unit 2 are extracted, discharge coefficient is produced using basin non-point source
Model calculates Non-point Source Pollutants yield in pollution sources；Non-point source includes urban life source, livestock and poultry cultivation source, planting industry face
Source, life in the countryside face source and city non-point source；(2) hydrology computational methods is used to determine the hydrologic condition of section；Analyze section water
Literary Meteorological Characteristics analyze the availability of hydrographic data, select applicable hydrology interpolation method：If working as the upper and lower of existing section
When trip has hydrologic monitoring website, the data on flows in the hydrology, meteorology, water monitoring data library is extracted, using natural runoff
Amount reduction method calculates the flow of the section；When the section lacks upstream and downstream hydrologic monitoring website, the basin can extract
Hydrographic data, find the essentially identical section of hydrologic condition, the flow of the section estimated using hydrologic assimilation method；Based on institute
Flow is stated, further calculates the water surface area and water body volume of the section；(3) step (1), the calculating data of (2) are based on, are adopted
The water quality of sub- computing unit is simulated with the one-dimensional network of waterways hydrodynamic force water quality model method in basin, including：The first step extracts number
It is carried out according to the location information of pollution sources, sewage draining exit and intake in library, and to the adjacent sewage draining exit in same sub- computing unit
Generalization；The calculating achievement for extracting all kinds of point source emissions datas and step (1) described in database, according to model parameter institute
The river pollutant sources stated, further calculate the pollutant of the sewage draining exit after generalization enters river sewage quantity, pollutional load concentration；According to step
Suddenly the calculating achievement of (2) calculates section flow conditions using river hydrodynamic model method；The river hydrodynamic model side
Method includes river level-discharge relation method, Manning formula method；Second step, using independent data to the one-dimensional water quality model into
Row verification and calibration make the simulation precision of the one-dimensional water quality model be not less than 80%；Using by verifying and the water after calibration
Matter model calculates each sub- computing unit grid pollutional load concentration.
Wherein, the hydrology computational methods in step (2) include：
The main hydrologic monitoring website of existing 16 of each Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches stream of huang water valley.Wherein, on the mainstreams Huang Shui there is main hydrometric station
5, three station of the sea is quiet, the Huangshui River source station, Xining station, Ledu station, the people and station etc., in other tributaries, there is cattle farm at main hydrometric station on Beichuan river
Stand, five station of end of the bridge, 3, southern exposure station etc., 1, three station in the liquid medicine river village Shang Youdongjia hydrometric station, 1, two station of the rivers Xi Na Chuan He You Xina
Hydrometric station, there is 1, two station of black woods hydrometric station on black woods river, 1, the river mouth station in the Nanchuan Nanchuans He Shangyou hydrometric station, has on Sha Tang Chuan He
1, two station in the stockaded villages Fu Jia hydrometric station, 1 hydrometric station in small Nanchuan He Shangyou wang jiazhuang villages station, drawing Sheng Goushang has eight li of 1, three station of bridge hydrology
It stands, there is 1, the forts Ji Jia station hydrometric station on Ba Zhouhe.
In present embodiment, to the sub- computing unit in Mr. Yu section, if having reality on water environment function area section belonging to it
Hydrologic monitoring website then directly uses inlet flow rate condition of the measured discharge value of hydrologic monitoring website as this section.It considers
The uneven feature of practical hydrologic monitoring website distribution, many sections are practically without actual measurement hydrographic data.For section sub- meter
Unit is calculated, if without practical hydrologic monitoring website on its affiliated water environment function area section, needs to converge according to the production in basin
Flow relation pre-processes original hydrographic data, and interpolation reverts to other sections for not surveying hydrographic data.
It, can be according to upstream and downstream two when there are hydrometric station in water environment function area section upstream and downstream belonging to certain sub- computing unit
The of that month actual monitoring value (Q of monitoring stationOn、QUnder), it estimates this water environment function area average section of river flow with interpolation method, calculates
Formula is as follows：
In formula, Q is to lack certain section flow accounting of hydrologic monitoring data as a result, m3/s；QOn、QUnderRespectively upstream and downstream
The measured discharge of certain month of hydrometric station, m3/s；A is the water yield that is averaged for many years in the above basin of shortage data stand control section, m3；AOn、AUnderBe averaged water yield for many years in the basin that respectively upstream and downstream hydrometric station is controlled, m3。
For Cross Some Region Without Data, hydrologic analogy (analogy) method can also be used.The gas found out first and lack data basin
, drainage area similar to physical geography condition is waited to be not much different and have the basin of longer-term field data as (analogy) stream of studying and comparing
Domain will be diverted from one use to another after the statistical parameter of Choosing Hydrological Reference Basin period run-off or runoff process amendment to shortage data basin, calculation formula
It is as follows：
The meteorological data in present embodiment derives from the China of Resources and environmental sciences data center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
Mean annual precipitation data intercept huang water valley mean precipitation distributed data for many years by ArcGIS spatial data handling technologies.
Obtain the distribution of huang water valley 1956-2000 Multi-year average precipitations, production water depth of runoff space.
The flux balance equations of stable state are suitable for each simulation section, and section unit water balance equation is：
Qi=Qi-1+Qin,i-Qout,i
In formula, QiThe flow of section i+1, m are flowed into for section i3/s；Qi-1The flow of section i is flowed into for upper reach i-1,
m3/s；Qin,iFor section i point sources and the total inbound traffics of non-point source, m3/s；Qout,iFor section i point sources and the total outflow of non-point source, m3/
s。
All inbound traffics can be expressed as since source：
Wherein, Qps,i,jIt is the flow that j-th of point source flows into section i, m3/ d, psi are all number of point sources of section i,
Qnps,i,jIt is the flow that j-th of non-point source flows into section i, m3/ d, npsi are all non-point source quantity of section i.
All outflows can be expressed as since source：
Wherein, Qpa,i,jIt is the flow of j-th of point source intake of section i, m3/ d, pai are all point source intakes of section i
Quantity, Qnpa,i,jIt is the flow of j-th of non-point source intake of section i, m3/ d, npai are all non-point source intake numbers of section i
Amount.
It is principle that water quality model in present embodiment, which is based on the conservation of mass, using rating curve method according to stream
Amount estimation mean flow rate condition.Its concrete thought is that the relationship of the relationship of flow velocity and flow, depth and flow can in the unit of section
It is described with power-exponent eqution：
U=aQb
H=cQd
In formula, Q is flow, m3/s；U is mean flow rate, m/s；H is mean depth, m；A, b, c, d are empirical, can
Intercept is calculated by the level-flow relation curve of section and slope obtains.
Detailed description are as follows for each model：
One-dimensional network of waterways hydrodynamic force water quality model is one-dimensional advection-diffusion and mass-conservation equation, and model is suitable for dendroid
River, allow along the river multiple point source discharge of wastewater, face source enter remittance, water intaking and tributary and flow into, with analyze gross contamination emission and
Specific influence of the exhaust position to receiving water body water quality, model both may be used as steady-state model, be also used as the dynamic of time-varying
Model simulates burst water environment pollution accident etc..
The sub- computing unit in section is considered as stable state, i.e., section pollutant concentration it is only related with Location for Sewage and and when
Between it is unrelated, time control is to be determined by hydraulic detention time, and hydraulic detention time is determined by section length and average section of river flow velocity
It is fixed.Consider advection diffusion, dilute interaction between the biochemical reaction of material composition itself, water quality components and component it is outer
The influence of portion source and leakage to concentration of component.
For the change of water quality caused by the Huangshui River water Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches flow point source, the non-point source blowdown, dropped using constant blowdown one-dimensional stable
It solves water quality model and carries out sunykatuib analysis：
In the case of sprout face change in flow is little, formula is specific as follows：
C0=(CpQp+ChQh)/(Qp+Qh)
After analysis burst Water environments simulation accident blowdown process, the Huangshui River water Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches flowing water qualitative change under the influence of accident blowdown
Change, for degradable pollutant, such as COD, ammonia nitrogen Conventional pollution, degradable poisonous and harmful organic pollution, soda acid
Class etc. has formula as follows：
In formula, CbFor the background concn value of river accidental pollution object, mg/l；C (x, t) is apart from occurrence risk accident distance
For x, the pollutant concentration of t moment, mg/L after accident occurs；X is the m with a distance from sewage draining exit；U is cross-sectional flow, m/s；K is wind
Dangerous dump pollutant overall attenuation coefficient, 1/s；；DxFor pollutant Longitudinal Dispersion, m2/s；M is burst water environment wind
The quality that dangerous accidental pollution object disposably discharges, g
Present embodiment produces blowdown model using output factor model as basin non-point source, calculates huang water valley non-point source
Pollutant yield.Output factor method proposes that feature is can be directly sharp in phase early 1970s first in North America
With data such as land utilization, crop mixes, estimate that the pollution of area source of basin output is negative using pollutant output factor
Lotus is a kind of non-point source pollution loading simplicity evaluation method of lump type.
Output factor model is then a kind of concrete embodiment of output factor method, is to calculate basin using semi approach
Polluted every year on scale, such as total nitrogen, total phosphorus total load mathematics weighted formula, be substantially a kind of lump of semi
Model.Since the source pollutional load in basin and the land use pattern in basin are closely related, using being relatively easily available
The data such as basin land use pattern basin land use pattern and non-dots are directly established by multiple linear correlation analysis
The relationship of output quantity is polluted in source, then by summing to separate sources pollutional load, obtains regional pollution total load.
Wherein, urban life pollution yield is according to each small towns urban population in huang water valley and urban population production blowdown system
Number determines, is shown below：
W=3.65AF
In formula, W is urban life pollution loading amount, t/a；A is urban population, ten thousand people；F is town dweller's domestic sewage system
Number, g/ man days.
According to《Produce discharge coefficient and operation instruction in life source》(2011 revised edition) and《Qinghai Province's water consumption quota》(DB63T
1429-2015), and the local society level of economic development is combined, Xining urban district, the life of the urban districts Hai Dong urban population in huang water valley
Water consumption quota is pressed the 230L/ man days, and COD production contamination factors take 72g/ man days, ammonia nitrogen production contamination factor to take the 8.06g/ man days,
Total phosphorus production contamination factor takes the 0.89g/ man days；Other county town cities and general small towns Water duty of urban resident life are pressed
150L/ man days, COD production contamination factors take 61g/ man days, ammonia nitrogen production contamination factor to take 7.41g/ man days, total phosphorus production pollution
Coefficient takes the 0.63g/ man days.
In present embodiment, the calculating of livestock and poultry breeding industry non-point source pollution loading is shown below：
Q=∑s Ai*Ti*Ej
In formula：Q is livestock and poultry breeding industry non-point source pollution loading discharge capacity, ton/year, AiFor the cultivation of i class livestock and poultry cultivation types
Breeding stock, head (only)；TiFor the production dirt coefficient of i class livestock and poultry cultivations, gram/day；EjThe processing effect for the treatment of for cow manure mode is cultivated for j kinds
Rate.
With reference to the evaluation method of correlative study, it is metastable to regard the breeding stock of ox, pig, sheep and poultry as current year one
The number of animals raised, under the premise of not considering breeding cycle, Pollution from livestock and poultry produce dirt coefficient (Ti) calculation formula is：
Livestock pollution object yield (Ti)=Animal fecal pollution day excretion coefficient (kilogram/first year) × fecaluria pollutant load
(g kg).
COD, ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus etc. are all kinds of in 5 kinds of livestock and poultry excretion coefficients, feces of livestock and poultry such as pig, milk cow, beef cattle, laying hen, broiler chicken
Pollutant load with reference to former State Environmental Protection Administration recommendation and《National Pollutant source investigation for the first time：Livestock and poultry breeding industry source
Produce discharge coefficient handbook》(2009) recommendation.
Planting industry face source stream vector is estimated using " standard farmland method " in present embodiment.Standard farmland refer to Plain,
Long-term cropping is wheat, soil types is loam, applying quantity of chemical fertilizer is 25-35kg/ mus of years, and precipitation is in 400-800mm models
Enclose interior farmland.
For practical farmland, need in view of its actual grade, proportion of crop planting type, soil property, applying quantity of chemical fertilizer
Necessary amendment is carried out to source strength coefficient on the basis of standard farmland with factors such as Rainfall distributions：
A. gradient amendment
The soil gradient is at 25 ° hereinafter, loss coefficient is 1.0-1.2；25 ° or more, loss coefficient 1.2-1.5.Study root
According to basin dem data and land use data, under ArcGIS platforms, the mean inclination in arable land is analyzed, determines corresponding amendment
The factor.
B. crop type amendment
Using chief crops such as corn, sorghum, wheat, barley, rice, soybean, cotton, oil plant, sugar material, economic forests as grinding
Study carefully object, determines the contaminant stream of Different Crop positive coefficient in bad repair.This correction factor need to pass through scientific experiment or empirical data
It is verified.The main long-term cropping type of huang water valley is wheat.
C. soil types amendment
Agricultural land soil is classified by quality, i.e., according in soil constituent clay and sand ratio classify, point
For sand, loam and clay.With loam for 1.0；Sand correction factor is 1.0-0.8；Clay correction factor is 0.8-0.6.Needle
Watershed soil types, takes 0.9-1.0.
D. applying quantity of chemical fertilizer amendment
Chemical fertilizer mu amount of application is in 25kg hereinafter, correction factor takes 0.8-1.0；Between 25-35, correction factor takes 1.0-
1.2；In 35kg or more, correction factor takes 1.2-1.5.
E. precipitation amendment
It is 0.6-1.0 that annual rainfall takes loss coefficient in the areas below 400mm；Annual rainfall is between 400~800mm
Area take loss coefficient be 1.0-1.2；It is 1.2-1.5 that annual rainfall takes loss coefficient in the area of 800mm or more.Basin is flat
Equal annual precipitation determines precipitation modifying factor in 600~300mm according to basin annual precipitation figure and arable land distribution map.
Planting industry load discharge capacity formula is as follows：
In formula, EPlantationFor basin planting industry load discharge capacity, ton/year；EStandard farmlandFor basin " standard farmland " cropping pattern
Loss coefficient, thousand grams/acre of years；ACropping pattern, iThe cultivated area of the i-th class cropping pattern, mu are used for basin；aGradient amendmentIt is repaiied for the gradient
Positive divisor, dimensionless；bCrop type amendmentFor crop type amendment, dimensionless；cSoil types amendmentFor soil types amendment, dimensionless；
dApplying quantity of chemical fertilizer amendmentFor applying quantity of chemical fertilizer amendment, dimensionless；ePrecipitation amendmentFor precipitation amendment, dimensionless；
Planting industry produces discharge coefficient according to State Council's office of national Pollutant source investigation leading group publication for the first time《The
Primary whole nation Pollutant source investigation-agricultural pollution source (fertilizer loss coefficient)》(2009), cover the main planting area in China, plantation
The farmland of mode, tillage method, agrotype, soil types, the different planting industry patterns of topography and geomorphology and chief crop type
Fertilizer loss coefficient.
In present embodiment, huang water valley life in the countryside disposal of pollutants situation is according to each control sub-control unit people in the countryside
And average people in the countryside pollutional load discharge capacity determines, is shown below：
W=3.65AF
In formula, W is life in the countryside face source load discharge capacity, ton；A is people in the countryside, ten thousand people；F is rural resident life row
Dirty coefficient, g/ (man day).
According to huang water valley socioeconomic driving forces, 12 districts of huang water valley in 2015 share 155.8 ten thousand rural peoples
Mouthful.Huang water valley rural resident's life emission factor foundation《Qinghai Province's water consumption quota (DB63T1429-2015)》, it is 80L/
Man day, the main pollutional load of life in the countryside generate coefficient and refer to and urban life coefficient, COD, ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus generation system
Number is respectively the 61 grams/day for human beings, the 7.41 grams/day for human beings and 0.63 gram/day for human beings meter.
The present embodiment is using standard municipal production discharge coefficient method estimation urban runoff face source stream vector.So-called standard municipal
Definition be：It is located in flat-bottomed land, city nonagricultural population is between 1,000,000~2,000,000, and construction land area is in 100km2It is left
The right side, annual precipitation is between 400~800mm, city of the urban rainwater collection pipe network popularity rate between 50~70%, standard city
City's source strength coefficient is 50 tons/year of COD, 12 tons/year of ammonia nitrogen.
Method considers to influence a number of factors of urban runoff, compare quasi- assessment completed region of the city features of terrain, urban population,
The concrete conditions such as city area, rainfall and pipe network covering, further into row coefficient amendment on the basis of standard municipal：
A. landform correction factor
City is divided into plain city, mountain city, 3 kinds of hills city situation by landform, provides landform amendment system respectively
Number.Wherein, it is 1 that plain city, which takes landform correction factor,；It is 3.8 that mountain city, which takes correction factor,；Hills city takes correction factor
It is 2.5.
B. population correction factor
Divide city nonagricultural population to 1,000,000 people or less, 1,000,000~2,000,000,2,000,000~5,000,000,5,000,000 or more 4 kinds
Situation provides population correction factor respectively.Wherein, it is 0.3 that population correction factor is taken below 1,000,000 people；1000000~2,000,000 it
Between take correction factor be 1；It is 2.3 that correction factor is taken between 2000000~5,000,000；5000000 or more take correction factor be 3.3.
C. Area modificatory coefficient
By completed region of the city Line Integral 75km2Below, 75~150km2, 150~250km2、250km2Above 4 kinds of situations,
Area modificatory coefficient is provided respectively.Wherein, 75km2It is 0.5 to take Area modificatory coefficient below；75~150km2Between take amendment be
Number is 1；150~250km2Between take correction factor be 1.6；250km2It is 2.3 to take correction factor above.
D. rainfall correction factor
Divide annual rainfall to 3 kinds of 400mm or less, 400~800mm, 800mm or more situations, provides rainfall amendment system respectively
Number.Wherein, it is 0.7 that 400mm or less, which takes rainfall correction factor,；It is 1 that correction factor is taken between 400~800mm；800mm or more takes
Correction factor is 1.4.
E. pipe network correction factor
By 30% or less rainwater-collecting pipe network coverage rate point, 30~50%, 50%~70%, 70% or more 4 kind of situation, divide
Pipe network correction factor is not provided.Wherein, it is 0.6 that rainwater-collecting pipe network coverage rate takes pipe network correction factor below 30%；Covering
Take correction factor of the rate between 30~50% is 0.8；Take correction factor of the coverage rate between 50~70% is 1；Coverage rate
70% or more take correction factor be 1.2.
City non-point source calculates formula：
ECity=EStandard municipal×TCity×PCity×ACity×RCity×PThe cities n
In formula, ECityFor urban runoff non-point source load discharge capacity, ton/year；EStandard municipalFor the standard municipal defined in basin
Diameter stream load discharges intensity, ton/year；T is City Terrain correction factor, dimensionless；NCityIt is immeasurable for urban population correction factor
Guiding principle；ACityFor urban size correction factor, dimensionless；RCityFor urban precipitation quantity correction coefficient, dimensionless；PThe cities nFor urban rainwater
Pipe network correction factor, dimensionless.
Present embodiment generally dissolves the land and water coupled problem of certainly pollution sources and River by sewage draining exit.Point source and non-dots
Source pollutional load must be assigned to corresponding sewage draining exit.Model allows the practical corresponding any number of point sources or non-of single drain outlet simultaneously
Point-source pollution source.
Point source its specific affiliated sub- computing unit by its practical location determination, by adjacent several point source sewage draining exits or
Intake simplifies the sewage draining exit or intake for becoming a concentration, and distance of the sewage draining exit away from upstream section after merging can be under
Formula calculates：
In formula, L is the sewage draining exit generally changed to the distance apart from section upstream control section, km；QiFor i-th sewage draining exit
Water, m3/s：CiThe pollutant concentration of i-th of sewage draining exit, mg/L；LiIt is i-th of sewage draining exit apart from section upstream control section
Distance, km.
Non-point source sewage draining exit or intake are by the general line emission source or line intake for being melted into and being section along journey.Model is with each non-
Point source influences the point of section starting point and terminal as line of demarcation, and non-point source is distributed by range averaging to each in this area
Unit carries out water quality calculating.
In the huang water valley water quality model of foundation, for pollution sources, steps are as follows with sewage draining exit association process：1) it builds first
Vertical sewage draining exit-pollution sources attribute list, determines sewage draining exit (water)-pollution sources (land) relationship；2) point source is calculated to enter to converge to sewage draining exit
Distance；3) according to entering to converge distance, river pollutant sources are determined；4) pollution sources all to a certain sewage draining exit add up, and obtain the row
Dirty mouth enters river sewage quantity, pollutional load concentration.
Present embodiment presses each Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches stream headwater water water quality of tree rings《Water environment quality standard》
(GB3838-2002) II class water considers that wherein the sources COD water concentration takes 10mg/L, ammonia nitrogen concentration to take 0.25mg/L.
Huang water valley lays 19, main water quality monitoring section altogether, model verification be with one group independently of parameter calibration when
Data test to parameter.The mainstreams withered, flat, rich Huang Shui Zha Malong-Xinning bridge section, little Xia in 2014 are selected in present embodiment
The water quality monitoring section of the main section of the sub- bridge section in bridge-gulf, Wan Ziqiao-people and bridge section etc. three with the water phase survey COD and
The average relative error of ammonia nitrogen water quality concentration is as error-tested index, and in terms of simulation and verification result, the mainstreams Huang Shui chemistry needs
The relative error of the population mean of oxygen amount is 7.6%, and the relative error of the population mean of ammonia nitrogen is 11.5%, i.e. COD
Total precision reached 92.4%, total precision of ammonia nitrogen has reached 88.5%.Model parameter verification result shows One-Dimensional Water
The simulation precision of matter model can accurately reflect that basin pollutant emission and the response of water quality are special substantially 85% or more
Sign, simulation precision are higher.
Fine-grained management system in present embodiment is additionally provided with hydrographic information confirmation module 34 and pollution sources information is true
Recognize module, the hydrographic information confirmation module 34 is suitable for transferring the data information of the hydrological data bank, for confirming the water
The data information of literary data simultaneously assigns confirmation instruction；The pollution sources information confirmation module is suitable to transfer the pollution source database
Data information, for confirm it is described pollution source data data information and assign confirmation instruction；When the hydrographic information confirms
When module 34 and the pollution sources information confirmation module assign confirmation instruction, the model computation module 33 is transferred each automatically
The data information of module simulates the pollutional load concentration of each sub- computing unit grid in basin.It is right that this set-up mode improves
To the management degree of system so that basic data information can further be confirmed before simulation trial.
Fine-grained management system in present embodiment is additionally provided with contamination accident analytic unit 4, the contamination accident point
Analysis unit 4 is provided with the input module for inputting contamination accident numerical value, and the contamination accident analytic unit 4 is based on the pollution
The input of accident numerical value to water pollution carry out dynamic analog calcutation, by analog result check contamination accident duration and
Coverage.
The fine-grained management system is additionally provided with pollution sources response and administration project benefit unit 5, and the pollution sources are rung
The information of pollution sources grassroot project and administration project scheme should be stored with administration project benefit unit 5, each pollution sources are newly-built
Project and administration project scheme are correspondingly provided with the corresponding pollutant discharge amount of project and increase numerical value or reduce numerical value, pass through selection
Disparity items scheme carries out simulation of water quality, can check pollution sources grassroot project with administration project to water quality of river by analog result
The environmental benefit of generation.
The fine-grained management system is additionally provided with the anti-influence pollution source unit 6 that traces back of overproof water quality, and the overproof water quality is anti-
The influence pollution source unit 6 that traces back is analyzed according to the monitoring data of certain month certain year water quality section, is shown the exceeded situation of water quality, is surpassed
It marks range and exceeded pollution sources may be caused.The anti-influence pollution identification of source unit 6 of tracing back of the overproof water quality may cause to surpass
The method of target pollution sources is：(1) the overproof water quality control section on days will be analyzed by selecting, toward basin since the section of excess standard
Identified upstream water quality section, until no water quality section of excess standard stops；(2) the corresponding control of all overproof water quality sections of identification is determined
Unit；(3) described control unit determined in step (2) according to the overstandard factor of the selected overproof water quality section to be analyzed
It is interior to identify the pollution sources for having discharged the overstandard factor；(4) in the pollution sources for having discharged the overstandard factor identified further
It identifies the pollution sources of discharge beyond standards, that is, corresponds to that exceeded pollution sources may be caused.
The fine-grained management system in present embodiment is provided with mapping module 7, is stored in the mapping module 7
There are basin map, the mapping module 7 to be responded and administration project benefit with the contamination accident analytic unit 4, pollution sources respectively
The anti-influence pollution connection setting of source unit 6 of tracing back of unit 5, overproof water quality.It is shown for the operation result to each unit.
The hardware in the prior art such as computer or server can be used in each unit in present embodiment and module
Facility is realized.
Several embodiments of the invention above described embodiment only expresses, the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but simultaneously
Cannot the limitation to the scope of the claims of the present invention therefore be interpreted as.It should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art
For, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, various modifications and improvements can be made, these belong to the guarantor of the present invention
Protect range.Therefore, the protection domain of patent of the present invention should be subject to claim.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of basin fine-grained management system of integrated Model of Water Environment, which is characterized in that including：
Database Unit, the Database Unit are stored with：Hydrological data bank includes the hydrologic monitoring data in basin；Pollution
Source database includes the emissions data of all kinds of pollution sources in basin；Basin geographic information database includes the geography information number in basin
According to；Meteorological, water monitoring data library, includes the water quality data and the corresponding weather data of meteorological site in basin；Basin
Basin social economy and demographic information's data are included in socioeconomic data library；
The basin fine-grained management system is additionally provided with simulation of water quality unit, and the simulation of water quality unit includes：
Network of waterways network division module, the network of waterways mesh generation module are stored with the network of waterways mesh generation information in basin, and basin is first
Preliminary division be multiple non-uniform flow sections, then by each river reach's dividing be multiple sub- computing units, finally determine entire basin
Water-based sub- computing unit grid；
Figure setting module, for production discharge coefficient, river pollutant sources and contaminant degradation coefficient to be arranged；
The simulation of water quality unit is additionally provided with model computation module, and the model computation module is stored with the one-dimensional network of waterways water in basin
Power water quality model, basin non-point source produce blowdown model；The model computation module respectively with the Database Unit, network of waterways net
Network division module connects setting with figure setting module；The model computation module is suitable to transfer the Database Unit, the network of waterways
The data information of network division module and figure setting module simulates the pollutant concentration of each sub- computing unit grid in basin.
2. the basin fine-grained management system of integrated Model of Water Environment according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the water
Matter analogue unit is additionally provided with：Hydrographic information confirmation module, suitable for transferring the data information of the hydrological data bank, for confirming
The data information of the hydrographic data simultaneously assigns confirmation instruction；Pollution sources information confirmation module, suitable for transferring the pollution sources number
According to the data information in library, for confirming the data information for polluting source data and assigning confirmation instruction；
When the hydrographic information confirmation module and the pollution sources information confirmation module assign confirmation instruction, the model meter
Calculate module transfer automatically the Database Unit, the network of waterways network division module and figure setting module data information, analog stream
The pollutant concentration of each sub- computing unit grid in domain.
3. the basin fine-grained management system of integrated Model of Water Environment according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that also
It is provided with contamination accident analytic unit, the contamination accident analytic unit is provided with the input mould for inputting contamination accident numerical value
Block, input of the contamination accident analytic unit based on the contamination accident numerical value carry out dynamic analog calcutation to water pollution,
Duration and the coverage of contamination accident are checked by analog result.
4. the basin fine-grained management system of integrated Model of Water Environment according to claim 1 or 2 or 3, which is characterized in that
It is additionally provided with pollution sources response and administration project benefit unit, the pollution sources response is stored with dirt with administration project benefit unit
The information of dye source grassroot project and administration project scheme, each pollution sources grassroot project are correspondingly provided with item with administration project scheme
The corresponding pollutant discharge amount of mesh increases numerical value or reduces numerical value and passed through by selecting disparity items scheme to carry out simulation of water quality
Analog result can check the environmental benefit that pollution sources grassroot project generates water quality of river with administration project.
5. the basin fine-grained management system of integrated Model of Water Environment according to claim 4, which is characterized in that also set up
There is the anti-influence pollution source unit that traces back of overproof water quality, the overproof water quality is counter, and the influence pollution source unit that traces back disconnected according to certain water quality in year month
The monitoring data in face are analyzed, and are shown the exceeded situation of water quality, exceeded range and may be caused exceeded pollution sources.
6. the basin fine-grained management system of integrated Model of Water Environment according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the water
The exceeded anti-influence pollution source unit that traces back of matter identifies that the method that may cause exceeded pollution sources is：(1) days will be analyzed by selecting
Overproof water quality control section, toward basin identified upstream water quality section since the section of excess standard, until no water quality section of excess standard stops；
(2) the corresponding control unit of all overproof water quality sections of identification is determined；(3) disconnected according to the selected overproof water quality to be analyzed
The pollution sources of the overstandard factor have been discharged in the identification in the described control unit that step (2) determines of the overstandard factor in face；(4) knowing
The pollution sources that discharge beyond standards are further identified in the pollution sources for having discharged the overstandard factor not gone out correspond to cause
Exceeded pollution sources.
7. the basin fine-grained management system of integrated Model of Water Environment according to claim 6, which is characterized in that also set up
There is mapping module, basin map is stored in the mapping module, the mapping module is analyzed with the contamination accident respectively
Unit, pollution sources response connect setting with administration project benefit unit, the anti-influence pollution source unit that traces back of overproof water quality.
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| CN113156075B (en) * | 2021-03-25 | 2022-04-08 | 北京市环境保护科学研究院 | Drinking water source information management system |
| CN113156075A (en) * | 2021-03-25 | 2021-07-23 | 北京市环境保护科学研究院 | Drinking water source information management system |
| CN113011034A (en) * | 2021-03-25 | 2021-06-22 | 山东省海洋资源与环境研究院(山东省海洋环境监测中心、山东省水产品质量检验中心) | Sea area section pollutant transport flux determination method and system |
| CN113222351A (en) * | 2021-04-20 | 2021-08-06 | 南京南瑞水利水电科技有限公司 | Urban emergency water supply fine scheduling method based on water evolution change |
| CN113282577A (en) * | 2021-07-23 | 2021-08-20 | 重庆华悦生态环境工程研究院有限公司深圳分公司 | Sewage pipe network monitoring method and device, electronic equipment and storage medium |
| CN115952246A (en) * | 2022-11-29 | 2023-04-11 | 中国环境科学研究院 | Grid-based factory boundary pollutant measuring, calculating and displaying method and system |
| CN115952246B (en) * | 2022-11-29 | 2023-07-04 | 中国环境科学研究院 | Grid-based factory boundary pollutant measuring and displaying method and system |
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