CN112182866A - Water quality rapid simulation method and system based on water environment coupling model - Google Patents
Water quality rapid simulation method and system based on water environment coupling model Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a water quality rapid simulation method and a system based on a water environment coupling model, which are used for preparing simple topographic data in a form through actual measurement data or remote sensing images so as to generate a two-dimensional topographic grid; a standard data frame is built, and various pollution factors such as non-point sources, point sources and endogenous sources and the like, as well as the whole processes of hydrodynamic force, water quality migration and transformation and the like are considered comprehensively; recommending a reasonable value range and an adjusting method of the parameters, and providing a set of thinking for quick verification of the coupling model; a water environment capacity calculation model taking a point source as an accurate control target is embedded, and water quality simulation and visual expression of analysis results are realized. The water quality simulation method and the system provided by the invention have the advantages of multiple types of pollution sources, comprehensive physical mechanism process, simpler, more convenient and more efficient data processing compared with the traditional water quality loose coupling simulation mode, more accurate obtained water quality prediction result and capability of serving for the actual management of water environment quality.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of environmental water conservancy and computational mathematics, and particularly relates to a water quality rapid simulation method and system based on a water environment coupling model.
Background
Under the situation that social economy is rapidly developed, the change rate of the water environment is accelerated by strong human activities, the complexity and uncertainty of the change factors and directions of the water environment are also aggravated, a single water quality model cannot describe the complex migration and transformation process of the water environment affected by multiple pollution source variables, and the high-precision requirement of water quality simulation cannot be met.
The hydrology-hydrodynamic force-water quality overall process high-level integration and coordinated development are achieved through a multi-model coupling mode, the multi-element overall process of basin non-point sources, industrial and living point sources, sediment release and river channel hydrodynamic force evolution is uniformly considered, effective simulation result information is integrated and extracted, accurate management and control of basin pollution total amount are served, the defects that a single water quality model is insufficient in consideration of environment variables and incomplete in mechanism process coverage are overcome, and important academic value and production significance are achieved.
At present, hydrological models represented by SWAT, AGNPS, SWMM and the like and hydrodynamic and water quality models represented by EFDC, MIKE, QUAL, WASP and the like are widely applied, the existing water environment coupling models are mostly based on the commercial models, a loose coupling form is applied, and the simulation result output of the previous stage hydrological model on non-point source pollution is converted into the input of the next stage hydrodynamic and water quality model by a manual mode so as to simulate the integral condition of non-point source and point source pollution. Such a loose coupling method involves a large amount of data processing, which is labor intensive, high in requirements for professional skill level, complex and time-consuming in operation, long in time-consuming in the whole calculation process, and difficult to avoid reprogramming of the model and reprocessing of the data.
A water quality simulation platform is established by applying a close coupling mode, which is the coupling trend of a water environment model. By constructing data conversion channels among different models, unifying data condition formats and service logic interfaces and integrating a water environment coupling model system, the absolute automation of information transmission and interaction among the models and model application is realized, so that the compactness among the coupling models is increased, the effects of compressing the calculation scale, simplifying the modeling process, reducing the operation difficulty, improving the simulation precision and enhancing the result simulation are achieved, the high-efficiency and accurate water quality simulation is facilitated, and the production practice is served.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems that a single water environment model is not comprehensive in consideration of pollution sources and hydrodynamic factors, a loose coupling model cannot form a system, the operation is complex and difficult, and the simulation efficiency is low in water quality prediction, and aims to provide a water quality rapid simulation method and system based on the water environment coupling model, which integrate multiple elements and the whole process of water pollution simulation, simplify the river water quality modeling process and can realize water quality prediction with high precision and high efficiency.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a water quality rapid simulation method based on a water environment coupling model comprises the following steps:
the river hydrological water quality information comprises upstream inflow water flow, water quality concentration and downstream boundary water level;
sources of contamination include point sources, non-point sources, and endogenous sources: point source data refers to geographical coordinates of a point source discharge position, discharge flow and water quality concentration; the non-point source data refers to geographical coordinates of the position of the non-point source sink-inlet river channel, dynamic sink-inlet flow and water quality concentration; the endogenous data refers to the average monitoring concentration of water quality indexes in the bottom mud of the river channel;
the model parameters include time, hydrodynamic and pollutant characteristic parameters: the time parameters refer to the simulated duration, the origin-destination moment and the simulated time step length; the hydrodynamic parameters refer to the roughness of the riverbed and the coefficient of variation of the roughness; the characteristic parameters of the pollutants refer to the comprehensive degradation coefficient of the pollutants and the release coefficient of the bottom mud;
and 5, expressing the results of the water quality space simulation and analysis, outputting a two-dimensional water quality visual layer on the river channel plane, displaying the boundary sensitive section of the water functional area, supporting the positioning query of the water quality simulation result, and outputting a pie chart of the ratio of each level of water quality to the area of the river channel.
Preferably, the step 1 includes the following substeps, characterized in that:
step 1-1, based on river monitoring data or remote sensing images, delineating river channel boundaries from upstream to downstream along a real river bank as smoothly as possible, acquiring uniform river bank boundary scattered points, storing the scattered points as BAY _ LINE.DAT files, wherein format information is shown in a table 1, a starting scattered point connecting line and an ending scattered point connecting line of a left boundary and a right boundary keep a vertical relation with the river bank, and the turning angle alpha of the continuous 3 scattered points of the scattered points is more than or equal to 45 degrees and less than or equal to 180 degrees according to the sequence from upstream to downstream of the river channel;
TABLE 1 riverbank boundary File Format information
Step 1-2, collecting elevation scatter coordinates in the river based on river monitoring data or remote sensing images, storing the elevation scatter coordinates as a GEO.DAT file, wherein format information is shown in a table 2, and scatter forms are divided into 2 types according to data conditions: the scattered distribution form requires that scattered points are uniformly distributed in the river channel, and the average scattered point density is not less than 250 per hectare; according to the distribution form of the cross sections, at least 4 scattered points are uniformly distributed on each cross section, the turning angle beta of a connecting line of 3 continuous scattered points on the cross section is between 145 and 180 degrees, and the river length between two continuous cross sections is not more than 500 meters according to the sequence from the upstream to the downstream of the cross sections;
table 2 riverway elevation scatter file format information
And 1-3, drawing control lines of the river from the left bank to the right bank of the river channel, storing the control lines as GRID _ CONT. DAT files, wherein format information is shown in a table 3, the control lines are perpendicular to and cross with the boundary line of the river channel, at least two control lines are arranged in sequence from upstream to downstream, the control lines are respectively arranged near the start and stop positions of the river channel, and other control lines are distributed at the positions where the river potential changes.
TABLE 3 river control line File Format information
Preferably, the step 2 includes the following substeps:
step 2-1, determining simulated water quality indexes including various indexes of chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and dissolved oxygen, sequentially expressed by Arabic numerals 1, 2 and 3 … …, selecting single indexes or multiple indexes for simultaneous simulation, wherein a water quality model contains a eutrophication module, certain interaction relation exists between the dissolved oxygen and algae indexes and the biochemical oxygen demand and the ammonia nitrogen, and when the dissolved oxygen and algae indexes are simulated, the biochemical oxygen demand and the ammonia nitrogen are simultaneously selected for coupling calculation;
step 2-2, acquiring river hydrological water quality information according to measured data of upstream and downstream boundaries of a river channel, storing the river hydrological water quality information as a TIME _ QC _ UP.DAT file, and ensuring that the water level of the downstream boundary is within a terrain elevation range, wherein the format information is shown in a table 4;
TABLE 4 river hydrology and water quality file format information
Step 2-3, according to the simulation result of the hydrological model on the non-point source and the riverway on-way point source data, the position of the pollution source is stored as a BAY _ SIDE.DAT file, the format information is shown in a table 5, the point source and non-point source processes are respectively stored as a TIME _ SIDEN _ P.DAT file and an OUTLOW.TXT file, the format information is shown in a table 6 and a table 7, and the TIME step length of the non-point source process data is 1 day;
table 5 contaminated source file format information
Table 6 point source file format information
TABLE 7 non-Point Source Process File Format information
Step 2-4, determining a time parameter according to a simulation requirement, wherein the simulation duration is at least 30 days, the simulation step length is a smaller value, and the recommended range is 0.1-6.0 s; hydrodynamic force and pollutant characteristic parameters are set in 5 sections, the hydrodynamic force and the pollutant characteristic parameters are in accordance with the variation characteristics of a riverway along the course as far as possible and are respectively stored as RIVER _ CN.DAT and RIVER _ KP.DAT files, format information is shown in a table 8 and a table 9, each parameter can be given an empirical value and an actual measurement value, and the method also gives a recommendation range as follows: the river bed roughness is 0.025-0.1, the coefficient of variation of the roughness is 0.5-2.0, and the comprehensive degradation coefficient of pollutants is 5.79E-07-5.79E-06 s-1Bottom sediment release coefficient of 3.47E-06E1.91E-04mg/(m2S). Interpolation calculation is carried out through the water depth, the roughness and the roughness coefficient to obtain proper roughness distribution of the cross section of the river channel.
TABLE 8 hydrodynamic parameter File Format information
Table 9 contaminant characteristic parameter file format information
Preferably, in step 3, the hydrographic-hydrodynamic-water quality coupling model realizes automatic information transmission between different submodels based on the data frame with the format specification constructed in step 2: wherein, the output values of the water level and the flow of each grid point in each calculation time interval of the hydrodynamic model are immediately input into the water quality model in the time interval to realize the synchronous close coupling of the hydrodynamic model and the water quality model; the coupling boundary position of the hydrographic unit in the river channel terrain grid is determined through the hydrographic unit catchment port coordinates in the hydrographic model, the dynamic water outlet flow and various water quality index concentrations are converged to the river channel, and the coupling of the hydrographic model and the hydrodynamic-water quality model is realized. When the hydrologic-hydrodynamic-water quality coupling model is verified, firstly, the simulation precision is determined, and the upper limit of the relative error can be set to be 10%, 20% or 30%; starting the coupling model by one key to perform simulation calculation, automatically unlocking a simulation area exceeding the upper limit of the error, and sequentially adjusting model parameters of corresponding segments according to the sequence from upstream to downstream of the river; and comparing the water level and flow rate simulation results with the measured data to adjust hydrodynamic parameters, and then adjusting corresponding pollutant characteristic parameters according to the water quality distribution characteristics and according to the principle of positive exceeding standard, increasing degradation and reducing release/negative exceeding standard, decreasing degradation and increasing release.
Preferably, in step 4, the water environment capacity is calculated based on the water quality target of the river water functional area and the newly increased sewage receiving intensity of the point source under the sewage discharge layout: the water function area is saved as a CP.DAT file, and the format information is shown in a table 10; ensuring that the width and the length of a pollution zone formed by point source discharge are within the range of a river channel, wherein the recommended ranges are 5-30 meters and 50-1000 meters respectively; according to the sequence from upstream to downstream of the river, increasing/reducing the point source sewage discharge by a range not higher than 5%, tentatively calculating the boundary water quality concentration of the point source pollution zone, and iteratively calculating until the boundary water quality concentration is close to the target water quality concentration, wherein the water environment capacity is the difference between the final and initial point source sewage discharge in two calculations.
TABLE 10 Water function zone File Format information
Preferably, in the step 5, the space differentiation display of the boundary sensitive section of the water functional area and the water quality concentration result is realized through programming, wherein red indicates poor water quality and low grade, and blue indicates good water quality and high grade; supporting the positioning query of the geographical coordinates and all water quality index concentrations of all points of the river channel; and (4) drawing a pie chart of the ratio of water quality at each level to the area of the river channel according to the index type and 5-level standard, and drawing a histogram of the chemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen and total phosphorus capacity of the river channel in the water diversion functional area.
The invention also provides a water quality rapid simulation system based on the water environment coupling model, which comprises the following modules:
the terrain generating module is used for preparing terrain data through river monitoring data or remote sensing images, and specifically comprises the steps of drawing a river boundary, collecting river elevation scatter coordinates and drawing a control line of river situation to generate a river two-dimensional terrain grid;
the data integration module is used for establishing a data frame of river hydrology and water quality, pollution sources and model parameters and integrating a uniform data standard format;
the river hydrological water quality information comprises upstream inflow water flow, water quality concentration and downstream boundary water level;
sources of contamination include point sources, non-point sources, and endogenous sources: point source data refers to geographical coordinates of a point source discharge position, discharge flow and water quality concentration; the non-point source data refers to geographical coordinates of the position of the non-point source sink-inlet river channel, dynamic sink-inlet flow and water quality concentration; the endogenous data refers to the average monitoring concentration of water quality indexes in the bottom mud of the river channel;
the model parameters include time, hydrodynamic and pollutant characteristic parameters: the time parameters refer to the simulated duration, the origin-destination moment and the simulated time step length; the hydrodynamic parameters refer to the roughness of the riverbed and the coefficient of variation of the roughness; the characteristic parameters of the pollutants refer to the comprehensive degradation coefficient of the pollutants and the release coefficient of the bottom mud;
the simulation verification module is used for carrying out adaptive debugging on the hydrological-hydrodynamic-water quality coupling model system, adjusting parameters according to the relative error distribution of a water quality simulation result and monitoring data in a river channel position, classification and index division manner, and verifying the reliability of the coupling model system;
the water environment capacity calculation module is used for embedding the water environment capacity calculation model, determining the functional division of the river water, the water quality target and the range of a point source pollution zone, controlling the water quality concentration at the boundary of the pollution zone not to be higher than the water quality target, and iteratively calculating the point source sewage discharge from the upstream to the downstream of the river;
and the result output module is used for expressing the results of the water quality space simulation and analysis, outputting a two-dimensional water quality visual layer on the river channel plane, displaying the boundary sensitive section of the water functional area, supporting the positioning query of the water quality simulation result and outputting a pie chart of the ratio of each level of water quality to the river channel area.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the terrain generating and processing method is simple in operation, the boundary and elevation information of the river channel in the area without data can be quickly acquired through high-precision remote sensing images, the trend of the river channel is judged by manual assistance, the generated two-dimensional terrain is high in precision, and a reliable numerical calculation foundation is laid for water quality simulation and prediction.
According to the invention, on the basis of the result of the hydrological model on the non-point source simulation, a pollution source data conversion channel including the non-point source is established, the data format is standardized, and a segmented given mode of model parameters is set, so that the calculation errors caused by incomplete pollution source types and insufficient river channel area characteristic heterogeneity can be reduced, and the prediction precision of the water quality change process and the result is improved.
Compared with the traditional formula method, the water environment capacity calculation model based on the water environment coupling model is embedded, the pollution control is mainly put on the point source management, the water quality outside the pollution zone range is guaranteed to reach the standard, a smaller but more accurate capacity value is calculated, and the capacity is used as the water environment quality bottom line constraint and has more practical significance.
The water quality rapid simulation method and the water quality rapid simulation system established based on the water environment coupling model do not need intermediate data processing in a loose coupling mode, avoid data post-processing, can directly obtain visual water quality space simulation and analysis results, and save a large amount of operation time.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of terrain data acquisition;
FIG. 3 is a drawing mode of a cross-section control line of a Jinshan lake river;
FIG. 4 shows the result of a grid simulation of the river course topography of the Jinshan lake;
FIG. 5 is river hydrology and water quality data;
FIG. 6 is a contamination source data channel;
FIG. 7 is a coupling model parameter set;
FIG. 8 is a coupling model verification mode;
FIG. 9 illustrates a water environment capacity calculation model;
fig. 10 shows the results of water quality space simulation and analysis.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, the flow chart being shown in fig. 1.
(1) Preparing terrain data, generating a two-dimensional terrain grid:
collecting geographical plane coordinates of boundaries of two banks of the river channel and space geographical coordinates of elevation scattering points (shown in topographic data collection of figure 2), extracting a simulated river channel range, ensuring that the scattering points of the river banks are uniform and smooth in connection line, avoiding sharp catastrophe points, drawing control section lines, and enabling the control sections to be uniformly distributed at the river situation change positions as much as possible. Fig. 3 shows the cross-sectional line drawing of the Jinshan lake in Huizhou city to obtain the grid terrain simulation result shown in fig. 4.
(2) Establishing a model data framework:
the river hydrological water quality information is shown in fig. 5 and comprises upstream inflow water flow, water quality concentration and downstream boundary water level;
the pollution source data channel is shown in fig. 6 and comprises geographic coordinates of discharge positions of point sources and surface sources, discharge flow and water quality concentration, and endogenous data refers to average monitoring concentration of water quality indexes in the bottom mud of the river channel (see fig. 7);
model parameter settings are shown in fig. 7, including time, hydrodynamic and pollutant characteristic parameters: the time parameters refer to a simulation time length, a start-end time and a simulation time step length, the simulation time length is matched with the difference of the start-end time and the end-end time, the simulation time step length is a smaller value, the simulation precision can be ensured, and the median value of the recommended range is taken as 3.0s to avoid the model calculation time being too long; hydrodynamic parameters refer to the river bed roughness and the roughness change coefficient, and the roughness is assigned according to the river channel specific drop and the surface roughness (see table 11), and the roughness change coefficient is a larger value close to 1, so that the roughness of the center of the river channel is smaller than that of the edge of the river channel; the characteristic parameters of the pollutants refer to comprehensive degradation coefficients of the pollutants and bottom mud release coefficients, initial values are set according to actual pollutant migration and transformation rules of the river channel in combination with a recommended range, and experimental determination is needed when research data related to the simulated river channel is lacked.
TABLE 11 roughness assignment table
(3) Verifying the reliability of the coupling model:
the model verification mode is as shown in fig. 8, the simulation precision is set, the upper limit of the error of 20% is selected, and the model initialization operation is carried out; obtaining a comparison distribution table of an initial simulation result and monitoring data, and adjusting hydrodynamics and pollutant characteristic parameters according to the river channel position and the index according to the relative error condition exceeding the selected simulation precision (20%) and the principle of positive exceeding, increasing degradation reducing release, negative exceeding, decreasing degradation increasing release; and through parameter adjustment and re-operation, the reliability of the coupling model on the research river channel is improved, and the final reasonable model parameters and simulation results are obtained.
(4) Chimeric water environment capacity calculation model:
determining names and ranges of the river water functional regions, and inputting corner coordinates of each water functional region; and (3) defining a water quality target, defining a pollution zone boundary by using the width of 20m and the length of 200m, starting a water environment capacity calculation module, and obtaining a histogram of the chemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen and total phosphorus capacity results of the water diversion functional zone, wherein the calculation mode is shown in fig. 9.
(5) Expressing the results of water quality space simulation and analysis:
the method comprises the steps of outputting a visual layer of the two-dimensional water quality of a river channel plane, displaying a boundary sensitive section of a water functional area, supporting positioning query of a water quality simulation result, and outputting a pie chart of the ratio of water quality of each level to the area of the river channel, so that the classification condition and the main pollutant category of the water quality of the river channel can be shown, the overall cognition and the grasp of the water quality condition of the river channel under the simulation situation are improved, and the effect is shown in fig. 10.
The space differential display of the boundary sensitive section of the water functional area and the water quality concentration result is realized through programming, wherein red represents that the water quality is poor and the level is low, and blue represents that the water quality is good and the level is high; supporting the positioning query of the geographical coordinates and all water quality index concentrations of all points of the river channel; and (4) drawing a pie chart of the ratio of water quality at each level to the area of the river channel according to the index type and 5-level standard, and drawing a histogram of the chemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen and total phosphorus capacity of the river channel in the water diversion functional area.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a water quality rapid simulation system based on the water environment coupling model, which comprises the following modules:
the terrain generating module is used for preparing terrain data through river monitoring data or remote sensing images, and specifically comprises the steps of drawing a river boundary, collecting river elevation scatter coordinates and drawing a control line of river situation to generate a river two-dimensional terrain grid;
the data integration module is used for establishing a data frame of river hydrology and water quality, pollution sources and model parameters and integrating a uniform data standard format;
the river hydrological water quality information comprises upstream inflow water flow, water quality concentration and downstream boundary water level;
sources of contamination include point sources, non-point sources, and endogenous sources: point source data refers to geographical coordinates of a point source discharge position, discharge flow and water quality concentration; the non-point source data refers to geographical coordinates of the position of the non-point source sink-inlet river channel, dynamic sink-inlet flow and water quality concentration; the endogenous data refers to the average monitoring concentration of water quality indexes in the bottom mud of the river channel;
the model parameters include time, hydrodynamic and pollutant characteristic parameters: the time parameters refer to the simulated duration, the origin-destination moment and the simulated time step length; the hydrodynamic parameters refer to the roughness of the riverbed and the coefficient of variation of the roughness; the characteristic parameters of the pollutants refer to the comprehensive degradation coefficient of the pollutants and the release coefficient of the bottom mud;
the simulation verification module is used for carrying out adaptive debugging on the hydrological-hydrodynamic-water quality coupling model system, adjusting parameters according to the relative error distribution of a water quality simulation result and monitoring data in a river channel position, classification and index division manner, and verifying the reliability of the coupling model system;
the water environment capacity calculation module is used for embedding the water environment capacity calculation model, determining a river water function region, a water quality target and a point source pollution zone range, controlling the water quality concentration at the boundary of the pollution zone not to be higher than the water quality target, and iteratively calculating the point source discharge from the upstream to the downstream of the river;
and the result output module is used for expressing the results of the water quality space simulation and analysis, outputting a two-dimensional water quality visual layer on the river channel plane, displaying the boundary sensitive section of the water functional area, supporting the positioning query of the water quality simulation result and outputting a pie chart of the ratio of each level of water quality to the river channel area.
The specific implementation of each module corresponds to each step, and the invention is not described.
In conclusion, the invention introduces a set of water quality rapid simulation method and system based on a water environment coupling model in detail, provides a simple and efficient idea of rapid modeling of water quality coupling simulation and effective expression of water quality simulation results from the aspects of simple terrain generation operation, standard data frame construction, rapid model adaptability verification, accurate water environment capacity calculation and the like, and has important theoretical research and practical production significance for water environment quality management.
The invention is not limited to what has been described in the above examples, but rather is subject to the scope defined by the claims. Meanwhile, any modification, supplement or equivalent replacement made by a person of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention pertains on the basis of the examples is within the scope of the claims of the present invention, and the content of the present specification should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A water quality rapid simulation method based on a water environment coupling model is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, preparing topographic data through river monitoring data or remote sensing images, specifically comprising the steps of drawing a river boundary, collecting river elevation scatter coordinates and drawing a control line of river situation, and generating a river two-dimensional topographic grid;
step 2, establishing a data frame of river hydrological water quality, pollution sources and model parameters, and integrating a uniform data standard format;
the river hydrological water quality information comprises upstream inflow water flow, water quality concentration and downstream boundary water level;
sources of contamination include point sources, non-point sources, and endogenous sources: point source data refers to geographical coordinates of a point source discharge position, discharge flow and water quality concentration; the non-point source data refers to geographical coordinates of the position of the non-point source sink-inlet river channel, dynamic sink-inlet flow and water quality concentration; the endogenous data refers to the average monitoring concentration of water quality indexes in the bottom mud of the river channel;
the model parameters include time, hydrodynamic and pollutant characteristic parameters: the time parameters refer to the simulated duration, the origin-destination moment and the simulated time step length; the hydrodynamic parameters refer to the roughness of the riverbed and the coefficient of variation of the roughness; the characteristic parameters of the pollutants refer to the comprehensive degradation coefficient of the pollutants and the release coefficient of the bottom mud;
step 3, carrying out adaptive debugging on the hydrological-hydrodynamic-water quality coupling model, adjusting parameters according to the position, classification and index of a river channel according to the relative error distribution of the water quality simulation result and the monitoring data, and verifying the credibility of the coupling model;
step 4, embedding a water environment capacity calculation model, determining a river water function division, a water quality target and a point source pollution zone range, controlling the boundary water quality concentration of the pollution zone not to be higher than the water quality target, and iteratively calculating point source sewage discharge from the upstream to the downstream of the river, wherein the water environment capacity is the difference between the final and initial point source total sewage discharge calculated twice;
and 5, expressing the results of the water quality space simulation and analysis, outputting a two-dimensional water quality visual layer on the river channel plane, displaying the boundary sensitive section of the water functional area, supporting the positioning query of the water quality simulation result, and outputting a pie chart of the ratio of each level of water quality to the area of the river channel.
2. The water environment coupling model-based water quality rapid simulation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: step 1 comprises the following substeps:
step 1-1, based on river monitoring data or remote sensing images, delineating river channel boundaries from upstream to downstream along a real river bank as smoothly as possible, acquiring uniform river bank boundary scattered points, storing the scattered points as BAY _ LINE.DAT files, wherein format information is shown in a table 1, a starting scattered point connecting line and an ending scattered point connecting line of a left boundary and a right boundary keep a vertical relation with the river bank, and the turning angle alpha of the continuous 3 scattered points of the scattered points is more than or equal to 45 degrees and less than or equal to 180 degrees according to the sequence from upstream to downstream of the river channel;
TABLE 1 riverbank boundary File Format information
Step 1-2, collecting elevation scatter coordinates in the river based on river monitoring data or remote sensing images, storing the elevation scatter coordinates as a GEO.DAT file, wherein format information is shown in a table 2, and scatter forms are divided into 2 types according to data conditions: the scattering distribution mode requires that scattered points are uniformly distributed in the river channel, and the average scattered point density is not less than n1 per hectare; according to the distribution form of the cross sections, at least n2 scattered points are uniformly distributed on each cross section, the turning angle beta of a connecting line of 3 continuous scattered points on the cross section is more than or equal to 145 degrees and less than or equal to 180 degrees, and the river length between two continuous cross sections is not more than 500 meters according to the sequence from the upstream to the downstream of the cross sections;
table 2 riverway elevation scatter file format information
Step 1-3, drawing a control line of the river from the left bank to the right bank of the river channel, and storing the control line as a GRID _ CONT.DAT file, wherein format information is shown in a table 3;
TABLE 3 river control line File Format information
The control lines are perpendicular to and cross the boundary line of the river channel, at least two control lines are arranged in the sequence from upstream to downstream, the control lines are respectively arranged near the start and stop positions of the river channel, and other control lines are distributed at the positions where the river potential changes.
3. The water environment coupling model-based water quality rapid simulation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: step 2 comprises the following substeps:
step 2-1, determining simulated water quality indexes including various indexes of chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and dissolved oxygen, sequentially expressed by Arabic numerals 1, 2 and 3 … …, selecting single indexes or multiple indexes for simultaneous simulation, wherein a water quality model contains a eutrophication module, certain interaction relation exists among the dissolved oxygen indexes and the algae indexes with the biochemical oxygen demand and the ammonia nitrogen, and when the dissolved oxygen indexes and the algae indexes are simulated, the biochemical oxygen demand and the ammonia nitrogen are simultaneously selected for coupling calculation;
step 2-2, acquiring river hydrological water quality information according to measured data of upstream and downstream boundaries of a river channel, storing the river hydrological water quality information as a TIME _ QC _ UP.DAT file, and ensuring that the water level of the downstream boundary is within a terrain elevation range, wherein the format information is shown in a table 4;
TABLE 4 river hydrology and water quality file format information
Step 2-3, according to the simulation result of the hydrological model on the non-point source and the riverway on-way point source data, the position of the pollution source is stored as a BAY _ SIDE.DAT file, the format information is shown in a table 5, the point source and non-point source processes are respectively stored as a TIME _ SIDEN _ P.DAT file and an OUTLOW.TXT file, the format information is shown in a table 6 and a table 7, and the TIME step length of the non-point source process data is 1 day;
table 5 contaminated source file format information
Table 6 point source file format information
TABLE 7 non-Point Source Process File Format information
Step 2-4, determining a time parameter according to a simulation requirement, wherein the simulation duration is at least 30 days, and the simulation step length is a smaller value; the hydrodynamic and pollutant characteristic parameters are set in 5 sections and are respectively saved as RIVER _ CN.DAT and RIVER _ KP.DAT files, and the format information is shown in a table 8 and a table 9;
TABLE 8 hydrodynamic parameter File Format information
Table 9 contaminant characteristic parameter file format information
Interpolation calculation is carried out through the water depth, the roughness and the roughness coefficient to obtain proper roughness distribution of the cross section of the river channel.
4. The water environment coupling model-based water quality rapid simulation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step 3, the hydrological-hydrodynamic-water quality coupling model realizes the automatic information transmission among different submodels based on the data frame with the standard format constructed in the step 2: wherein, the output values of the water level and the flow of each grid point in each calculation time interval of the hydrodynamic model are immediately input into the water quality model in the time interval to realize the synchronous close coupling of the hydrodynamic model and the water quality model; the coupling boundary position of the hydrographic unit in the river channel terrain grid is determined through the hydrographic unit catchment port coordinates in the hydrographic model, the dynamic water outlet flow and various water quality index concentrations are converged to the river channel, and the coupling of the hydrographic model and the hydrodynamic-water quality model is realized; when the hydrologic-hydrodynamic-water quality coupling model is verified, firstly determining simulation precision and setting a relative error upper limit; starting a coupling model by one key to perform simulation calculation, unlocking a simulation area exceeding an error upper limit, and sequentially adjusting model parameters of corresponding segments according to a sequence from upstream to downstream of a river channel; and comparing the water level and flow velocity simulation results with the measured data to adjust hydrodynamic parameters, and then adjusting corresponding pollutant characteristic parameters according to the water quality distribution characteristics and according to the principles of positive exceeding standard, increasing degradation and reducing release and negative exceeding standard, decreasing degradation and increasing release.
5. The water environment coupling model-based water quality rapid simulation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: and 4, calculating the water environment capacity based on the water quality target of the river water functional area and the newly increased sewage receiving intensity of the point source under the sewage discharge layout: the water function area is saved as a CP.DAT file, and the format information is shown in a table 10;
TABLE 10 Water function zone File Format information
Ensuring that the width and the length of a pollution zone formed by point source discharge are both in the range of a river channel, increasing or reducing the point source discharge in a range of not more than 5% according to the sequence from upstream to downstream of the river channel, tentatively calculating the boundary water quality concentration of the pollution zone of the point source, and iteratively calculating until the boundary water quality concentration is close to the target water quality concentration, wherein the water environment capacity is the difference between the total point source discharge in the last and the first two calculations.
6. The water environment coupling model-based water quality rapid simulation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: step 5, realizing space differential display of the boundary sensitive section of the water functional area and the water quality concentration result through programming, wherein red represents poor water quality and low grade, and blue represents good water quality and high grade; supporting the positioning query of the geographical coordinates and all water quality index concentrations of all points of the river channel; and (4) drawing a pie chart of the ratio of water quality at each level to the area of the river channel according to the index type and 5-level standard, and drawing a histogram of the chemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen and total phosphorus capacity of the river channel in the water diversion functional area.
7. A water quality rapid simulation system based on a water environment coupling model is characterized by comprising the following modules:
the terrain generating module is used for preparing terrain data through river monitoring data or remote sensing images, and specifically comprises the steps of drawing a river boundary, collecting river elevation scatter coordinates and drawing a control line of river situation to generate a river two-dimensional terrain grid;
the data integration module is used for establishing a data frame of river hydrology and water quality, pollution sources and model parameters and integrating a uniform data standard format;
the river hydrological water quality information comprises upstream inflow water flow, water quality concentration and downstream boundary water level;
sources of contamination include point sources, non-point sources, and endogenous sources: point source data refers to geographical coordinates of a point source discharge position, discharge flow and water quality concentration; the non-point source data refers to geographical coordinates of the position of the non-point source sink-inlet river channel, dynamic sink-inlet flow and water quality concentration; the endogenous data refers to the average monitoring concentration of water quality indexes in the bottom mud of the river channel;
the model parameters include time, hydrodynamic and pollutant characteristic parameters: the time parameters refer to the simulated duration, the origin-destination moment and the simulated time step length; the hydrodynamic parameters refer to the roughness of the riverbed and the coefficient of variation of the roughness; the characteristic parameters of the pollutants refer to the comprehensive degradation coefficient of the pollutants and the release coefficient of the bottom mud;
the simulation verification module is used for carrying out adaptive debugging on the hydrological-hydrodynamic-water quality coupling model system, adjusting parameters according to the relative error distribution of a water quality simulation result and monitoring data in a river channel position, classification and index division manner, and verifying the reliability of the coupling model system;
the water environment capacity calculation module is used for embedding the water environment capacity calculation model, determining the functional division of the river water, the water quality target and the range of a point source pollution zone, controlling the water quality concentration at the boundary of the pollution zone not to be higher than the water quality target, and iteratively calculating the point source sewage discharge from the upstream to the downstream of the river;
and the result output module is used for expressing the results of the water quality space simulation and analysis, outputting a two-dimensional water quality visual layer on the river channel plane, displaying the boundary sensitive section of the water functional area, supporting the positioning query of the water quality simulation result and outputting a pie chart of the ratio of each level of water quality to the river channel area.
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