CN109598428B - Pollutant reduction and distribution method based on administrative units and water system - Google Patents
Pollutant reduction and distribution method based on administrative units and water system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a pollutant reduction and distribution method based on administrative units and water systems, which comprises the following steps: collecting basic data of a target area; generating pollutant import and along a river channel attenuation path based on the basic data, and calculating pollutant river entering amounts of each administrative unit in the target area; calibrating a pollutant concentration attenuation coefficient according to historical water quality monitoring data, and calculating pollutant attenuation and pollutant concentration reaching a monitoring section so as to establish a water quality response relation between each administrative unit and pollutant emission; estimating the future pollutant inflow of the target area; and according to the response relation between each administrative unit and the pollutant discharge water quality, taking the requirement of the water function on the concentration of different types of pollutants as constraint, and distributing the future pollutant river entering amount of the target area through the set reduction proportion of the pollution source type in each administrative unit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a pollutant distribution algorithm for environmental management, in particular to a method for reducing and distributing water pollution load.
Background
At present, according to a series of important decision strategy requirements of 'opinion on accelerating the construction of ecological civilization', 'overall scheme of ecological civilization system reform', 'water ten' and the like, the environmental pollution control force is gradually increased in China, and the strictest environmental protection system is implemented. In water environment management, water quality target management for rivers is a thought based on a river management mode of a total control technology system. Based on total control of river water quality targets, an appropriate total pollutant load can be determined based on the self-cleaning power of the river basin or regional environment. The current pollution total control plan based on river water quality targets has been widely used, including the maximum daily load total TMDL in the United states, the control and management of the total amount of Rhine in European Union, and the total amount control plan of the watershed such as Tokyo Bay, yi-potential Bay and Living in the open sea in Japan.
In water environment management, the current watershed water pollution load distribution is often carried out based on a control unit. In the process of dividing the control units, the river basin management main body, the pollution sources and the production and confluence process must be considered, so that the pollution sources of the control units are ensured to be relatively independent, and the treatment responsibility of the administrative main bodies is defined. And (5) based on all the control units, primarily screening a key treatment unit list. The drainage basin related emission responsibility units and the pollution control departments participate in the evaluation together, and a final list of key units is formed.
In this process, the fine degree of the control unit is often difficult to control. On one hand, if the division of the control unit is too small, the statistical workload is greatly increased, and if the division scale of the control unit is thicker, the migration process of pollutants in the control unit is difficult to reflect, and the response relationship between pollution load and water quality is difficult to establish. In addition, for water systems in urban areas, particularly areas with flat topography, the water collection range generated by utilizing elevation has a large difference from the actual sewage disposal route, and the definition of the control unit has certain uncertainty.
The load shedding allocation process includes two parts of (1) capacity accounting. The river water environment capacity is the pollution load that river can accept, and determining the water environment capacity through the target water quality is the key of establishing the connection of the land pollution source and the water quality target. (2) load distribution. Load distribution includes point-to-point, and point-to-point pollution load distribution. The distribution mode of pollution load has a great deal of research foundation at home and abroad. The principle is mainly based on efficiency, fairness or the combination of the efficiency and fairness, and the main method at present comprises the following steps: a pollution control cost minimum model, an equal proportion reduction model, a multi-objective reduction model, a cooperative game theory, a kenel coefficient method, an analytic hierarchy process and the like.
In this process, the pollution distribution method based on the control unit is a top-down distribution mode, and under one principle, only one or several optimal solutions are usually provided. However, due to the large number of uncertainty factors in the allocation process (e.g., uncertainty in the capacity estimates, rationality of the allocation scheme, etc.), the resulting "optimal solution" may not actually be optimal, and many more scientific allocation schemes may be missed. Therefore, it is necessary to obtain as many distribution modes as possible to meet the water quality target, so as to better provide decision support for the environmental manager.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defect that in the existing pollution load distribution process, the control unit divides the pollutant migration and conversion process in the unit, and solves the problem that various pollution load distribution schemes existing at present are not comprehensive, the invention determines the migration path of pollutants by using vector data of a water system and an administrative division, and generates various distribution schemes meeting water quality constraint conditions by using random coefficients.
The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is as follows:
1) Target area base data collection: the method comprises DEM data, county administrative unit vector (shp format) data, water system vector (shp format) data, environmental statistics pollution annual load data, administrative unit population data, river flow data and water quality monitoring data of various sections along a river in a target area range; the river flow data must have at least the value of the dead water period, the flat water period and the rich water period;
2) Contaminant influx and generation along the channel decay pathway: obtaining administrative unit centers P_center of each county by adopting a method of turning point elements of planar elements for administrative unit shp format data of the first level of each county; calculating the center p_center generated in step 2 and water line vector data (which can be directly used if the collected water line vector data is a line element, and which can be used after converting the line element into a line element if the collected water line vector data is a plane element) by using a Near (Analysis Tools > Proximity > Near) method in the toolbox of ArcGIS to obtain a projection offset vector of p_center onto a river channel (the projection offset vector refers to a distance vector from the center point p_center to the river channel; the projection offset vector is used when forming a contaminant passage); the displacement calculation is completed for each administrative center point P_centre according to longitude and latitude by using the Make XY Event Layer method of ArcGIS (Data Management Tools > Layers and Table Views > Make XY Event Layer). And (3) connecting the linear elements obtained after displacement calculation with the water system linear elements by using a tool application and a tool position Data Management Tools > General > application to form a pollutant passage of the river channel and the administrative unit. And checking the topological relation between the monitored section and the river channel, and ensuring that the section (point element) falls on the river channel. And meanwhile, the distance from the P_centre to each monitoring section is obtained by vector calculation. And carrying out path analysis on the trend of the river, namely the pollutant flow direction, according to the topography of the DEM. The monitoring section is set by the state or province for monitoring river channel data, and a comparison section is generally set at a place before a river enters a city or a target area; the control section is generally arranged at the downstream 500-1000 m of the sewage outlet or at the upstream of the junction of the larger branches and the junction of the branches and the places which are fully mixed with the main flow after the branches are converged, at the sea entrance of the river, at the river entrance of the lake and the reservoir, at the boundary entrance and exit of the international river in-out national boundary, and the like; the cut-down section is arranged on the river reach which is more than 1500m away from the last sewage outlet of the city or the industrial area.
3) Estimating the pollutant history and the current river entering amount: the method comprises the steps of estimating the living pollution load according to the statistical population of an administrative unit, estimating the agricultural non-point source load according to the agricultural area, estimating the industrial pollution load according to the environmental statistical data and estimating the reduction amount of environmental protection facilities according to the running condition of a sewage treatment plant by using an empirical coefficient method. Each estimated amount is multiplied by the river intake coefficient to obtain the pollutant intake amount (ton/year) of each administrative unit. When n rivers or tributaries appear in a certain administrative unit, the load factor carried by each river is 1/n.
4) By utilizing a water quality model and combining hydrologic water quality data (namely river flow data and water quality monitoring data of all sections along the river), the pollutant concentration of all the administrative units reaching the monitored sections is calculated according to the pollutant inflow amount of all the administrative units and the pollutant concentration attenuation coefficient by calibrating the pollutant concentration attenuation coefficient, so that the water quality response relationship between all the administrative units and the pollutant discharge is established according to the corresponding relationship between all the administrative units and the water quality of the sections, as shown in figure 1.
5) Estimating the future river entering amount of pollutants: determining rural areas, urban population, industrial production values and the like of a certain period in the future of the area according to the regional population growth rate, national economy and social development planning schema, and determining the river entering amount of the future pollutants according to the step 3).
6) Multi-clipping scheme generation: the reduction ratio a1, a2, …, an of the pollutant source types in each administrative unit is set by using a random number trial algorithm, wherein n is the number of the pollutant source types in each administrative unit. According to the response relation obtained in the step 4), the requirement of the water function on the concentration of different types of pollutants is taken as constraint, the pollutant load reduction proportion of different sources in each administrative unit is set, and the emission situation of the pollutant sources in each administrative unit is simulated, so that the future pollutant inflow amount of each administrative unit is estimated, and the reasonable concrete distribution of the future pollutant inflow amount is completed in comparison with the water quality requirement, wherein the distribution flow is shown in the figure 2.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
the method can directly determine the path of the pollutants entering the river of each unit through the vector data of the boundaries of the water system and the administrative units, and is used for describing the migration and transformation path of the pollutants more accurately by only needing more detailed water system data compared with the traditional method for determining the pollution load distribution scheme based on the control unit. Meanwhile, pollution load data are directly acquired through administrative units (generally county level), so that load proportion errors caused by river basin division control units are reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the response of each administrative unit to the quality of the contaminated emissions water.
Fig. 2 is a load shedding scheme generation flowchart.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a specific control unit.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Overall river intake estimation of pollutants
Taking a city as an example, industrial enterprises in each county (city) area, industrial gathering area sewage treatment plants, town sewage treatment plants, large-scale livestock and poultry cultivation, rural life and agricultural non-point sources are counted according to the city 2016 annual system data, related land utilization data and scientific research results.
Pollution of industrial point source
(1) Industrial point source direct discharge
* Market industry point source direct-discharge current status summary table
(2) Industrial park wastewater centralized treatment and discharge device
* Discharge condition summary table of industrial aggregation area sewage treatment plant
(3) Enterprise waste water is collected into town sewage treatment plant
Part of industrial wastewater can be accessed to a town sewage treatment plant nearby and treated with resident domestic sewage, so that pollutant discharge load of the industrial wastewater is counted into the discharge load of the town sewage treatment plant, and calculation is not repeated.
Pollution of town life
(1) Discharge from town sewage treatment plants
* Summary of discharge conditions of urban sewage treatment plants
(2) Direct discharge of town sewage
According to the manual of pollution source and pollution discharge coefficient of urban living source of first national pollution source general investigation, the source intensity coefficient and the source intensity influence parameter are quoted, and the discharge amount of urban living pollution source is calculated. The sewage and pollutant production amount is calculated by the formula (1), and the pollutant discharge amount is calculated by the formula (2).
G c ＝3650NF c (1)
G p ＝3650NF p (2)
Wherein:
G c 、G p -urban resident domestic sewage or pollutionAnnual production and emissions, wherein the sewage unit: ton/year, pollutant amount unit: kg/year;
n-town resident population, unit: ten thousand people fill data for the census table S405;
F c 、F p -town resident domestic sewage or pollutant production coefficient and emission coefficient, wherein the sewage quantity coefficient unit: lift-
Man, contamination coefficient unit: gram/person day.
The pollution discharge coefficient can be determined according to the pollution discharge coefficient manual of urban domestic source and production of general investigation of the national pollution source for the first time. For example, city is a region 3 class city, and the following parameters are used for the pollutant production coefficient:
* Pollution discharge coefficient of urban domestic pollution
And then calculating according to the current urban sewage collection treatment rate of 80%, and converting the pollutant discharge load of direct discharge in the city according to a formula (3).
Gp’＝(1-80％)*Gp (3)
Pollution of rural life
Urban (including floating population) and rural domestic sewage which are not incorporated into urban (town) sewage are measured and calculated according to untreated direct discharge concentration.
1. Sewage discharge amount calculation
Q＝∑N i ×E i ×365×10 -7 (4)
Wherein: q is total domestic sewage discharge, ten thousand t/a; n (N) i -population, person;
E i -water drainage of people living at average, 50L/person d.
2. Pollutant emission amount calculation
W Agricultural machine ＝Q Agricultural machine ×C Untreated process ×0.01 (5)
Wherein: w is the discharge amount of domestic pollutants of population, t/a;
q is the discharge amount of domestic sewage of population, ten thousand t/a;
C untreated process The untreated direct discharge concentration of rural domestic sewage is 300mg/L of COD, 40mg/L of ammonia nitrogen, 50mg/L of TN and 3.0mg/L of TP.
Pollution of large-scale livestock and poultry cultivation
* Summary of livestock and poultry cultivation and pollution load discharge conditions
* Pollutant discharge conditions of livestock and poultry cultivation in city and county
Agricultural non-point source pollution
* Non-point source pollution source emission amount collection for rural farmland in city
Migration transformation path
In practice, the water contaminant entering and collecting route is complicated, and it is necessary to generalize the regional water system condition and the contaminant entering route. Therefore, the control unit is divided into the results as a basis, villages and towns are taken as the minimum units, and the pollutant merging conditions of different villages and towns are generalized as follows through the investigation results of the flow directions of actual pollutants and by utilizing the functions of distance analysis, proximity analysis, network analysis and the like of a geographic information system.
A specific generalized diagram of the control unit is shown in fig. 3.
Model calibration
This section may employ various types of water quality models, such as relatively simple one-dimensional water quality models, or relatively complex other mechanism models. Taking a one-dimensional water quality model as an example, in general regional research, the length of a river channel is far longer than the width, so that the one-dimensional river channel can be generalized, and the one-dimensional water quality model is attenuated. The concentration change of pollutants such as COD, ammonia nitrogen and the like in the water body can be described according to a one-dimensional model:
C x ＝C 0 ×exp(-K×(x/u))
wherein: c (C) 0 The initial concentration of the pollution index, namely the inflow of pollutants into the river;
C x the concentration of the contaminant at a distance x (the concentration of the contaminant in the present invention is the concentration of the contaminant at the monitoring section);
x is the river longitudinal distance;
u is the water flow speed;
k is the pollutant concentration decay coefficient.
For water bodies with relatively small self-cleaning capacity, the self-cleaning coefficient K COD The value is 0.04/d, K Ammonia nitrogen The value is 0.10/d, K TP The value is 0.15/d. Other conditions may be appropriately increased.
Model verification
Because of the lack of real-time varying pollution source emission data in actual operation, each pollution source is considered to be a stable source in the present invention. The pollution simulation results can therefore only be compared with the average case. According to the simulation conditions of each unit, on the section with water quality monitoring data, the comparison of average concentration can be obtained through the comparison of measured data and simulation data. A common comparison approach may use the average relative error as likelihood to perform parameter calibration.
Load shedding allocation scheme
The reduction ratio a1, a2, …, an of the pollutant source types in each administrative unit is set by using a random number trial algorithm, wherein n is the number of the pollutant source types in each administrative unit. By using the response relation established by the water quality model and taking the requirement of the water function on the concentration of different types of pollutants as constraint, the pollutant load reduction proportion of different sources in each administrative unit is set, and the emission scene of the pollutant sources in each administrative unit is simulated, so that the future pollutant inflow of each administrative unit is estimated, and the reasonable concrete distribution of the future pollutant inflow is completed in comparison with the water quality requirement.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention and not for limiting it, and those skilled in the art may modify or substitute the technical solution of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention shall be defined by the claims.
Claims (4)
1. A pollutant reduction and distribution method based on administrative units and water systems comprises the following steps:
1) Collecting basic data of a target area; the basic data comprise DEM data, county administrative unit vector data, water system vector data, environmental statistics pollution annual load data, administrative unit population data, river flow data and water quality monitoring data of various sections along the river;
2) Generating a contaminant afflux and a channel along the river channel decay based on the base data; the method for generating the pollutant inlet and along the river channel attenuation passage comprises the following steps: firstly, converting administrative unit vector data of county by adopting a method of turning point elements of planar elements to obtain an administrative unit center P_center of each county; then, according to the P_centre and the water system linear vector data, calculating to obtain a projection offset vector of the P_centre on a river channel; then, according to the longitude and latitude, the center P_center of each administrative unit is subjected to displacement calculation, and then the linear elements obtained after the displacement calculation are connected with the linear elements of the water system to form a pollutant passage of the river channel and the administrative units;
3) Estimating living pollution load, agricultural non-point source load, industrial pollution load and environmental protection facility reduction amount of the target area based on the basic data, multiplying the living pollution load, the agricultural non-point source load, the industrial pollution load and the environmental protection facility reduction amount by a river entering coefficient, and obtaining pollutant river entering amount of each administrative unit in the target area;
4) Calibrating a pollutant concentration attenuation coefficient by utilizing a water quality model and combining hydrologic water quality data in the basic data; then, according to the pollutant inflow amount and pollutant inflow of each administrative unit and the pollutant concentration attenuation coefficient along the river channel attenuation path and the pollutant concentration attenuation coefficient, calculating the pollutant attenuation amount and the pollutant concentration reaching the monitoring section, so as to establish the response relationship between each administrative unit and the pollutant emission water quality according to the corresponding relationship between each administrative unit and the section water quality;
5) Determining population quantity and industrial yield of the target area in a future period according to population growth rate, national economy and social development planning schema of the target area; estimating the future pollutant inflow of the target area according to the population quantity of the target area in the future for a certain period and the industrial production value; when n rivers or tributaries appear in an administrative unit, the load factor borne by each river is 1/n;
6) Setting reduction proportion of pollutant source types in each administrative unit by utilizing a random number test algorithm; and then, according to the response relation between each administrative unit and the pollutant discharge water quality, taking the requirement of the water function on the concentration of different types of pollutants as constraint, and distributing the future pollutant river entering amount of the target area through the set reduction proportion of the pollution source type in each administrative unit.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the topology of the monitored surface and the river channel is inspected to ensure that the monitored surface falls on the river channel.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein p_center and water line vector data are calculated using Near method in ArcGIS's toolbox proximity analysis to obtain a projected offset vector of p_center onto the river.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the displacement calculation is performed for each administrative center p_centre according to longitude and latitude by using the Make XY Event Layer method of ArcGIS; and connecting the linear elements obtained after displacement calculation with the water system linear elements by using an application tool to form a river channel and administrative unit pollutant passage.
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| CN110210674B (en) * | 2019-06-05 | 2022-08-19 | 河海大学 | Method for predicting influence of river sewage discharge outlet arrangement in plain river network area on river channel water quality |
| CN111241490A (en) * | 2020-02-13 | 2020-06-05 | 北京市环境保护科学研究院 | Method for processing emission reduction data of sewage treatment plant |
| CN111709618B (en) * | 2020-05-29 | 2023-05-02 | 中山大学 | Binary water right accounting transaction method and system |
| CN112348241B (en) * | 2020-10-28 | 2024-01-05 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | Method and system for predicting pollution discharge amount of agricultural ground source in protected area |
| CN114678084B (en) * | 2022-04-12 | 2022-10-11 | 四川大学 | Method for solving comprehensive attenuation coefficient of pollutant by using multi-point long series monitoring data |
| CN115829196B (en) * | 2022-10-25 | 2023-12-01 | 中国环境科学研究院 | Land pollutant load distribution method, device, computer equipment and medium |
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