CN109598428A - One kind being based on administration cell and water-based pollutant fluxes distribution method - Google Patents
One kind being based on administration cell and water-based pollutant fluxes distribution method Download PDFInfo
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- 235000006508 Nelumbo nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000002853 Nelumbo nucifera Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000006510 Nelumbo pentapetala Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses one kind to be based on administration cell and water-based pollutant fluxes distribution method, the steps include: the basic data for collecting target area；Based on basic data generation pollutant remittance and along river decaying access, and the pollutant for calculating each administration cell in the target area enters river amount；Calibration is carried out to pollutant concentration attenuation coefficient according to history water monitoring data and calculates degradation of pollutant amount and reaches the pollutant concentration of monitoring section, to establish each administration cell and disposal of pollutants water quality response relation；Estimate that the following pollutant of the target area enters river amount；According to each administration cell and disposal of pollutants water quality response relation, requirement using water function to different type pollutant concentration is as constraint, by the reduction ratio of pollutant source type in each administration cell of setting, river amount is entered to the following pollutant of the target area and is allocated.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the reduction distribution sides of a kind of pollutant allocation algorithm of environmental management, especially water pollution load
Method.
Background technique
Currently, by " about accelerate promote Ecological Civilization Construction opinion ", " conservation culture system reform overall plan ",
A series of very important decision strategic requirements such as " ten, water ", China gradually increase environmental pollution improvement's dynamics, implement most stringent of
Environmental protection system.In water environment management, the water quality target management for river is the river based on overall control technical system
Flow management mode and come thinking.Carry out overall control based on water quality of river target, can according to basin or regional environment from resulting net force,
To determine suitable pollutant burden total amount.It is had been obtained currently based on the contaminant transport model plan of water quality of river target
It widely applies, including U.S. total maximum daily loads TMDL, European Union's Rhine overall control management and Japan's Tokyo Bay, her gesture
Gulf and the overall control plan for relying the basins such as indoor sea etc..
In water environment management, the water pollution sharing of load in basin is often based on control unit progress at present.?
During dividing control unit, it is necessary to consider watershed management main body, pollution sources, produce Process of Confluence, it is ensured that each control unit is dirty
Dye source is relatively independent, and the improvement responsibility of clearly each Subject of Administration.Based on whole control units, preliminary screening keypoint treatment unit
Inventory.It participates in assessing jointly by basin associated emissions accountability unit and pollution control department, and forms the final inventory of emphasis unit.
In this course, the fine degree of control unit is often difficult control.If one side control unit divided
In tiny, it will cause the workloads of statistics to greatly increase, and the division scale of control unit is thicker, then it is single to be difficult reflection control
The transition process of first internal contamination object, is not easy to establish pollutional load --- the response relation of water quality.In addition, for city range
The flat region of interior water system, especially topography differs larger with practical blowdown approach using the charge for remittance range that elevation generates, controls
The delimitation of unit processed has certain uncertainty.
It includes following two parts that load, which cuts down assigning process: (1) capacity is calculated.River water environmental capacity is that river can
The pollutional load of receiving determines that environmental capacity of water is the pass establishing land-based pollution source and contacting with water quality objective by target water quality
Key.(2) sharing of load.Sharing of load includes that the contamination risk analysis sharing of load between point, face source and between point source is emphasized
Allowable emission be substantially to determine that each discharger utilizes the right of environmental resource, to fully consider economy, resource, environment,
Uncertainty in regional differentiation and total quantity control system existing for management aspect.The method of salary distribution of pollutional load, it is domestic
It there has been a large amount of Research foundation outside.Its principle is mainly based on efficiency, justice or both combination, and main method has at present:
Pollution treatment cost minimization model, equal proportion cut down model, multiple target cuts down model, Cooperative Game Theory, Gini Coefficient analysis, step analysis
Method etc..
In this course, the pollution distribution method based on control unit is a kind of top-down method of salary distribution, one
Often only one or several optimal solutions under kind of principle.But (such as hold since there are many uncertain factor in the assignment procedure
Measure uncertainty, the reasonability of allocation plan etc. of estimation), " optimal solution " being likely to result in is not actually most
It is excellent, and miss a variety of more scientific methods of salary distribution.Therefore need to obtain the method for salary distribution as much as possible for meeting water quality objective,
Can decision support preferably be provided for environment administrator.
Summary of the invention
During overcoming existing contamination risk analysis, control unit divides the pollutant being difficult to embody inside unit
Transport And Transformation process, at the same solve the problems, such as to there is currently all kinds of contamination risk analysis cases it is incomplete, the present invention utilize water
System determines the flyway of pollutant with the vector data of administrative division, and is generated using random coefficient and a variety of to meet water quality
The allocation plan of constraint condition.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problems is:
1) target area basic data is collected: including dem data, the district administration cell vector within the scope of target area
(shp format) data, water system vector (shp format) data, environmental statistics pollution year load data, administration cell demographic data,
Streamflow data, along the river each section water monitoring data；Wherein streamflow data must at least dry season, the period when a river is at its normal level,
The value of wet season；
2) pollutant remittance and the generation along river decaying access: to the administration cell shp formatted data of district level-one
Using the method for area pattern turning point element, the administration cell center P_centre in each district is obtained；Utilize the tool of ArcGIS
Near (Analysis Tools > Proximity > Near) method closed in analysis in case, the center that will be generated in step 2
P_centre (can be used directly, if face with water system linear vector data if being Linear element if the water system vector data of collection
Shape element uses after area pattern is then switched to Linear element) it calculates, obtain the project migration on P_centre to river
(project migration vector refers to central point P_centre to the distance vector in river to vector；It is inclined that projection is used when forming pollutant access
The amount of shifting to)；Utilize Make XY Event Layer method (Data Management Tools > Layers and of ArcGIS
Table Views > Make XY Event Layer), each administrative center point P_centre is completed by displacement meter according to longitude and latitude
It calculates.Application tool Append, tool location Data Management Tools > General > Append, after displacement is calculated
The Linear element arrived is connected with water system Linear element, forms river and administration cell pollutant access.To monitoring section and river
Topological relation checked, guarantee that section (point element) is fallen on river.P_centre is calculated using vector simultaneously to arrive
The distance of each monitoring section.Topography height according to DEM is contaminant stream to doing path analysis to river trend.Monitoring section
Country or provinces and cities are to monitor river data and set, and are generally entering the pervious place setting in city or target area in river
Compare section；Generally at 500~1000m of sewage draining exit downstream or larger tributary converge mouthful upstream and converge after it is sufficiently mixed with mainstream
The place of conjunction, the estuary in river, lake, reservoir enter and leave at river mouth, set at international river discrepancy national boundaries boundary inlet port etc.
Set control section；Section is being cut down away from setting on the section other than city or the last one sewage draining exit downstream of industrial area 1500m.
3) pollutant history and status enter river amount estimation: use experience Y-factor method Y counts population estimation according to administration cell
Domestic pollution load, according to farming land area reckoning agricultural area source load, according to environmental statistic data estimate industrial pollution load,
Environmental protection facility reduction is estimated according to sewage treatment plant's operation conditions.Each estimator is obtained multiplied by river pollutant sources each administrative single
The pollutant of member enters river amount (ton/year).There is n river or tributary inside a certain administration cell, then every river carries negative
Lotus coefficient of discharge takes 1/n.
4) water quality model is utilized, in conjunction with hydrology-water quality data (i.e. streamflow data and along the river each section water quality monitoring number
According to), by the calibration to pollutant concentration attenuation coefficient, river amount and pollutant concentration are then entered according to each administration cell pollutant
Attenuation coefficient calculates the pollutant concentration that each administration cell reaches monitoring section, thus according to each administration cell and section water quality
Corresponding relationship establishes each administration cell and disposal of pollutants water quality response relation, as shown in Figure 1.
5) pollutant future enters river amount estimation: according to regional population's growth rate, the national economic and social development planning outline
It determines rural area, urban population, the industrial output value etc. of the region following regular period, and step 3) is copied to determine that the following pollutant enters river
Amount.
6) more Reduced measures generate: utilizing random number trial and error procedure, set cutting for pollutant sources type in each administration cell
Subtract ratio a1, a2 ..., an, wherein n is pollutant sources number of types in each administration cell.It is closed by the response that step 4) obtains
System, the requirement using water function to different type pollutant concentration is as constraint, by the way that separate sources in each administration cell is arranged
Pollutant burden cuts down ratio, the emissions inventory of pollutant sources in each administration cell is simulated, to estimate each administration cell not
River amount can be entered by carrying out pollutant, be compared with water quality requirement, to complete the reasonable specific distribution that the following pollutant enters river amount, the present invention
Allocation flow it is as shown in Figure 2.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
The present invention can directly directly determine each unit pollutant by the vector data on water system and administration cell boundary
Enter the path in river, and is used to determine compared to relatively previous based on control unit with the response relation for establishing pollutional load and water quality
For the method for contamination risk analysis scheme, this method is without portraying basin to determine control unit, it is only necessary to have more in detail
Water system data the Transport And Transformation path of pollutant can relatively accurately be described.Simultaneously as pollutional load data are to pass through
Administration cell (usually at county level) directly acquires, load proportion mistake caused by reducing because of basin division control unit.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is each administration cell and disposal of pollutants water quality response relation schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is that load cuts down allocation plan product process figure.
Fig. 3 is control unit specifically general change figure.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is explained in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawing.
Pollutant totally enters river amount estimation
By taking certain city as an example, data and scientific achievement are utilized according to the 2016 Nian Huantong data of city and related land, to each
Industrial enterprise, sewage treatment plant, agglomeration of industries area, urban wastewater treatment firm, scale animal and poultry cultivation and the rural area in (city) area, county
Life, agricultural area source are counted.
Industrial point-source pollution
(1) industrial point source is in line
The in line status summary sheet of the city * industry point source
(2) industrial park waste water centralized processing discharge
Agglomeration of industries area, the city * Sewage Treatment Plant to one's heart's content condition summary sheet
(3) enterprise wastewater imports urban wastewater treatment firm
Part industrial wastewater may take nearest access urban wastewater treatment firm to handle together with resident living sewage, therefore
Its pollutant emission load is included in urban wastewater treatment firm discharge load, is not repeated to calculate.
Urban life pollution
(1) urban wastewater treatment firm discharges
The city * urban wastewater treatment firm emission behaviour summary sheet
(2) town sewage direct emission
According to " national Pollutant source investigation urban life source produces discharge coefficient handbook for the first time ", source strength coefficient therein is quoted
With source strength affecting parameters, urban life pollutant source emission is calculated.Sewage and pollutant yield are counted with formula (1)
It calculates, pollutant discharge amount is calculated with formula (2).
Gc=3650NFc (1)
Gp=3650NFp (2)
In formula:
Gc、GpTown dweller's sanitary sewage or pollutant year yield and discharge amount, wherein sewage quantity unit: ton/year,
Amount of pollutant unit: kilogram/year；
N- town dweller permanent resident population, unit: ten thousand people make a report on data for census list S405；
Fc、FpTown dweller's sanitary sewage or pollutant generation coefficient and emission factor, wherein sewage quantity coefficient unit:
Rise/
Its people, pollutant coefficient unit: gram/people days.
Discharge coefficient can be determined according to " national Pollutant source investigation urban life source produces discharge coefficient handbook for the first time ".
Such as the city * * be 3 class city of an area, pollutant generation coefficient, using following parameter:
Urban life pollution in the city * produces discharge coefficient
It collects handling rate 80% according to status town sewage later to calculate, then the pollutant emission load of the city * * direct emission
It is converted according to formula (3).
Gp '=(1-80%) * Gp (3)
Life in the countryside pollution
It is not included in the sanitary sewage of cities and towns (containing floating population) and rural area of city (town) sewage, according to untreated direct
Concentration of emission calculates its pollutant discharge amount.
1, quantity of wastewater effluent calculates
Q=∑ Ni×Ei×365×10-7 (4)
In formula: Q-sanitary sewage total emission volumn, ten thousand t/a；Ni- population, people；
Ei- living drainage amount per capita, 50L/ people d.
2, pollutant discharge amount calculates
WAgriculture=QAgriculture×CIt is untreated×0.01 (5)
In formula: W-population lives' pollutant discharge amount, t/a；
Q-population lives' quantity of wastewater effluent, ten thousand t/a；
CIt is untreatedThe untreated direct emission concentration of-domestic sewage in rural areas, takes COD 300mg/L, ammonia nitrogen 40mg/L,
TN50mg/L, TP 3.0mg/L.
Scale animal and poultry cultivation pollution
The city * livestock and poultry cultivation and pollutional load emission behaviour summary sheet
The pollutant emission situation of each county's livestock and poultry cultivation in the city *
Agricultural non-point source pollution
The city the * * rural area Bang He agricultural non -point pollution source emission amount summarizes
Transport And Transformation path
To import path complex in the river that enters of water pollutant in practice, needs to import region water system situation and pollutant
Generally changed in path.Therefore control unit division result is passed through into the stream of practical pollutant using small towns as minimum unit for foundation
To finding and using the functions such as the distance analysis of GIS-Geographic Information System, neighbouring analysis, network analysis, to different small towns
Pollutant imports situation and carries out following generalization.
It is as shown in Figure 3 that control unit specifically generally changes figure.
Model calibration
This part can use all kinds of water quality models, such as fairly simple one-dimensional water quality model or relative complex
Other mechanism models.By taking one-dimensional water quality model as an example, since in general area is studied, channel length is much larger than width, therefore
It can be generalized as one-dimensional river, pass through one-dimensional decaying water quality model.The variation of the pollutant concentrations such as COD in water body, ammonia nitrogen can be according to one
Dimension module is described:
Cx=C0×exp(-K×(x/u))
In formula: C0For the initial concentration of contamination index, i.e. pollutant enters river amount；
CxThe pollutant concentration (pollutant concentration of monitoring section is pointed in the present invention) for being x for distance；
X is river fore-and-aft distance；
U is water velocity；
K is pollutant concentration attenuation coefficient coefficient.
Water body relatively small for water body self-purification ability, self- purifying coefficient KCODValue is 0.04/d, KAmmonia nitrogenValue is 0.10/
D, KTPValue is 0.15/d.Other situations can suitably increase.
Model verifying
Due in actual operation, often lacking the discharge of pollutant sources data of real-time change, therefore in the present invention by each dirt
Dye source is accordingly to be regarded as stablizing source strength.Therefore POLLUTION SIMULATION result is only capable of comparing with average case.According to each unit
Analog case, it is available average through measured data compared with analogue data on the section with water monitoring data
The comparison of concentration.Common manner of comparison can use average relative error as likelihood score to carry out parameter calibration.
Load cuts down allocation plan
Using random number trial and error procedure, reduction the ratio a1, a2 ..., an of pollutant sources type in each administration cell are set,
Wherein n is pollutant sources number of types in each administration cell.The response relation established using water quality model, with water function pair
As constraint, the pollutant burden by the way that separate sources in each administration cell is arranged is cut down for the requirement of different type pollutant concentration
Ratio, simulates the emissions inventory of pollutant sources in each administration cell, to estimate that each administration cell future pollutant can enter river
Amount, compares with water quality requirement, to complete the reasonable specific distribution that the following pollutant enters river amount.
It is above to implement to be merely illustrative of the technical solution of the present invention rather than be limited, the ordinary skill people of this field
Member can be with modification or equivalent replacement of the technical solution of the present invention are made, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, this hair
Bright protection scope should be subject to described in claims.
Claims (7)
1. one kind is based on administration cell and water-based pollutant fluxes distribution method, the steps include:
1) basic data of target area is collected；
2) pollutant is generated based on the basic data to import and along river decaying access；
3) based on the basic data estimate the domestic pollution load of the target area, agricultural area source load, industrial pollution load,
Environmental protection facility reduction and multiplied by river pollutant sources, the pollutant for obtaining each administration cell in the target area enter river amount；
4) water quality model is utilized, in conjunction with the hydrology-water quality data in the basic data, to the rate of pollutant concentration attenuation coefficient
It is fixed；Then river amount is entered according to each administration cell pollutant, pollutant imports and declines along river decaying access and pollutant concentration
Subtract coefficient to calculate degradation of pollutant amount and reach the pollutant concentration of monitoring section, thus according to each administration cell and section water quality
Corresponding relationship, establish each administration cell and disposal of pollutants water quality response relation；
5) estimate that the following pollutant of the target area enters river amount；
6) random number trial and error procedure is utilized, the reduction ratio of pollutant sources type in each administration cell is set；Then according to each row
Political affairs unit and disposal of pollutants water quality response relation, the requirement using water function to different type pollutant concentration pass through as constraint
The reduction ratio of pollutant source type in each administration cell of setting enters river amount to the following pollutant of the target area and divides
Match.
2. the method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the basic data includes dem data, district administration cell arrow
Measure data, water system vector data, environmental statistics pollution year load data, administration cell demographic data, streamflow data and edge
Each section water monitoring data in river.
3. method according to claim 2, which is characterized in that generate the pollutant and import and along river decaying access
Method are as follows: the district administration cell vector data is converted using the method for area pattern turning point element first, is obtained
The administration cell center P_centre in each district；Then according to the P_centre and water system linear vector data, this is calculated
Project migration vector on P_centre to river；Then each administration cell center P_centre is completed to be displaced according to longitude and latitude
It calculates, the Linear element obtained after then calculating displacement is connected with water system Linear element, forms river and administration cell pollutes
Object access.
4. method as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that check the topological relation in monitoring section and river, protect
Card monitoring section is fallen on river.
5. method as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that utilize the Near closed in analysis in the tool box of ArcGIS
Method calculates P_centre and water system linear vector data, obtains the project migration vector on P_centre to river.
6. method as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that utilize the Make XY Event Layer method of ArcGIS, root
Each administration cell center P_centre displacement is completed according to longitude and latitude to calculate；What application tool Append was obtained after calculating displacement
Linear element is connected with water system Linear element, forms river and administration cell pollutant access.
7. the method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that according to the population growth rate of the target area, national economy and
Social development planning outline determines the size of population, the industrial output value of the target area following regular period；Then according to the target
The size of population, the industrial output value of region regular period in future estimates that the following pollutant enters river amount.
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Cited By (6)
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| CN110210674A (en) * | 2019-06-05 | 2019-09-06 | 河海大学 | The method influenced on river water quality is arranged in prediction river network in plain areas River contaminant drain outlet |
| CN111241490A (en) * | 2020-02-13 | 2020-06-05 | 北京市环境保护科学研究院 | Method for processing emission reduction data of sewage treatment plant |
| CN111709618A (en) * | 2020-05-29 | 2020-09-25 | 中山大学 | Binary water right accounting transaction method and system |
| CN112348241A (en) * | 2020-10-28 | 2021-02-09 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | Method and system for predicting pollution discharge amount of agricultural ground source in protected area |
| CN114678084A (en) * | 2022-04-12 | 2022-06-28 | 四川大学 | Method for solving comprehensive attenuation coefficient of pollutant by using multi-point long series monitoring data |
| CN115829196A (en) * | 2022-10-25 | 2023-03-21 | 中国环境科学研究院 | Land-source pollutant load distribution method and device, computer equipment and medium |
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| CN112348241B (en) * | 2020-10-28 | 2024-01-05 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | Method and system for predicting pollution discharge amount of agricultural ground source in protected area |
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| CN115829196B (en) * | 2022-10-25 | 2023-12-01 | 中国环境科学研究院 | Land pollutant load distribution method, device, computer equipment and medium |
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