CN114723179A - Water environment early warning traceability system and method based on water yield and water quality combined control - Google Patents
Water environment early warning traceability system and method based on water yield and water quality combined control Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a water environment early warning traceability system and method based on water quantity and water quality combined control, which accumulate a large amount of data for water quality model simulation through double monitoring of water quantity and water quality of a river channel and a discharge port, avoid the problem of inaccurate water quality model simulation, provide visual powerful support for water environment management and decision through analyzing contribution values of water pollution and water pollutant concentration distribution, further promote the gradual improvement of a regional collaborative water ecological environment treatment system, further take effect on the ground of a water environment pollution problem discovery mechanism, and continuously improve the level of digital energized water ecological environment intelligent control.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of environmental management, in particular to a water environment early warning traceability system and method based on water yield and water quality combined management and control.
Background
At present, sudden water pollution events still exist, water environment management personnel often concern the conditions of migration transformation, influence range, influence degree on sensitive points and the like of pollutants in the accidents, and the evaluation and analysis generally need to be carried out by means of a water quality model. However, for water environment management personnel, model evaluation still has two main difficulties, on one hand, water environment management generally depends on water quality monitoring data of an online automatic monitoring station, a system does not have the functions of data analysis, early warning and tracing, and meanwhile, due to the lack of flow monitoring data, the model simulation precision is poor; on the other hand, the water environment model is professional and complex, common managers are difficult to learn and apply, third-party professional units must be hired to carry out analysis, timeliness is poor, and rapid early warning and forecasting are difficult to carry out after an accident occurs.
With the innovation and development of technology, the advent of the "internet +" era has made digitally-enabled water environmental management a hot spot and a major direction of current research. However, the existing water environment management system only collects and simply analyzes real-time water quality data to form a large amount of data, deep excavation and analysis are not performed, the most important 'early warning and tracing' function in the water environment management work is lacked, and effective support cannot be provided for the water environment management work. The water quality model is an important tool for water environment evaluation and prediction, and through the construction of the water quality model and the combination of mass data formed by a large number of sensing devices, the influence degree and range of pollution accidents can be more accurately evaluated, and powerful support is provided for management and decision-making.
The patent specification with the publication number of CN109523144B discloses a watershed water environment business operation management platform, which comprises: the water quality monitoring and early warning system comprises a water quality data acquisition module, a water quality data evaluation module, a water quality monitoring and early warning and forecasting module, a water environment supervision and management module, a water quality simulation and prediction module, an intelligent report module, an auxiliary decision support module and basic map window operation. The platform is developed on the basis of a territory basic geographic information database, a water environment management database and a numerical simulation model library by adopting a WebService multistage mixed system architecture based on an environmental fluid dynamics model and combining a bottom GIS development technology, and can provide an efficient visual decision tool for water environment management work of an environmental protection management department.
The patent specification with the publication number of CN107609742B discloses a water environment early warning comprehensive management platform, which belongs to the technical field of water environment monitoring and mainly comprises an information management module, a water environment analysis and evaluation module, a water environment early warning and forecasting module, a water environment comprehensive management module, a GIS system module and a data monitoring module. The pertinence of key monitoring and prevention on key areas and key elements with potential safety hazards is enhanced by establishing information of each subarea watershed and information of pollution sources around each monitoring point; and the water quality of the monitoring points is analyzed, evaluated and trend analyzed, and meanwhile, a water quality early warning and forecasting model is constructed, so that a monitor is helped to identify the water environment pollution area and the pollution level in time, a decision maker is helped to judge accurately, process timely and effectively take measures when an accident occurs, and the comprehensive management of the water environment of the offshore area is enhanced.
The above patent generally only concerns water quality basic data, and lacks monitoring and analysis on water flow data, and the water flow is not only a guarantee of water environment quality, but also a main parameter source of a water quality model, so that the flow data is less or only artificially input data is adopted, which causes a large model simulation deviation, and further influences the decision of management personnel.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems and the defects in the field, the invention provides a water environment early warning traceability system based on water quantity and water quality combined control, which comprises a hydrological data acquisition module, a water quality data acquisition module, a hydrological data analysis module, a water quality data analysis module and a pollution traceability module. According to the invention, through double monitoring of the water quantity and the water quality of the river channel and the discharge port, a large amount of data is accumulated for water quality model simulation, the problem of inaccurate water quality model simulation is avoided, and through analyzing the contribution value of water pollution and the concentration distribution of water pollutants, visual powerful support is provided for water environment management and decision making, so that the regional collaborative water ecological environment treatment system is promoted to be improved day by day, a water environment pollution problem discovery mechanism is further effective on the ground, and the intelligent treatment level of the digitally energized water ecological environment is continuously improved.
The specific technical scheme is as follows:
a water environment early warning traceability system based on water yield and water quality combined control comprises:
the hydrological data acquisition module comprises a flow monitoring terminal arranged on a river channel and a discharge port; the flow monitoring terminal can acquire hydrological data including flow and flow speed in real time and can upload the acquired hydrological data to the hydrological data analysis module through the wireless network transmission system; when the received hydrological data do not reach the standard, the hydrological data analysis module carries out early warning;
the water quality data acquisition module comprises water quality monitoring terminals arranged on a river channel and a discharge port; the water quality monitoring terminal can collect water quality data in real time and upload the collected water quality data to the water quality data analysis module through the wireless network transmission system; when the received water quality data do not meet the standard, the water quality data analysis module carries out water quality exceeding early warning;
the pollution traceability module embedded with the water quality model comprises a pollution source analysis submodule, a water quality simulation prediction submodule and an early warning traceability submodule, wherein:
the pollution source analysis submodule comprises a non-point source pollution measuring and calculating unit, can record and reflect pollution source basic information of non-point source positions including hydrology and water quality and analyzes the pollution condition of non-point source pollution; the basic information of the pollution source is used as basic data of the operation input of the water quality model;
the water quality simulation and prediction submodule can receive data and early warning signals of the hydrological data analysis module and the water quality data analysis module, perform pollution accident simulation analysis by combining the basic data and utilizing the water quality model, can interact with the GIS map so as to dynamically simulate and predict the propagation path, the propagation range and the concentration distribution of pollutants along with time variation on the GIS map, and can also display detailed statistical information (such as pollution arrival time, maximum concentration and the like) of important points concerned by a user, calculate the contribution condition of a pollution source to a downstream key section, draw a pollution influence range diagram, and predict the water quality condition of a river channel through the water quality model when the water quantity of the river channel is lower than the ecological flow so as to form a water quality distribution diagram;
the early warning tracing submodule is connected with the water quality simulation prediction submodule, can screen out pollution sources which have pollution contributions to the key downstream sections and the key points according to the simulation analysis result of the water quality model, sorts the pollution sources according to the pollution contributions, analyzes the influence of pollution accidents on peripheral sensitive points, and carries out early warning and reminding on third parties (such as farmers, water extractors and the like) which are possibly influenced by pollution; the early warning tracing submodule can also perform early warning on an area with possibly excessive water quality according to a water quality model prediction result when the amount of water in a river channel is too low so as to remind relevant sensitive bodies in the area to take necessary measures, and provides a water diversion and gate dam regulation scheme.
The hydrological data analysis module can analyze the conditions of the flow rate and the flow velocity of the river channel and the discharge port, and has the functions of inquiring, counting, comparing and the like of the flow rate and the flow velocity.
The water quality monitoring terminal can include pH sensor, conductivity sensor, turbidity sensor, temperature sensor, dissolved oxygen sensor, chemical oxygen demand monitor, ammonia nitrogen monitor, total nitrogen monitor and total phosphorus monitor, and the quality of water data of gathering can include pH, conductivity, turbidity, temperature, chemical oxygen demand, ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus, dissolved oxygen.
The flow speed error collected by the flow monitoring terminal is preferably within +/-0.02 m/s.
When a certain river reach has no flow monitoring data, the flow of the river reach can be calculated according to the upstream water incoming condition, and the specific formula is as follows:
Q＝Qdry matter+QBranch stand+QDischarge port
Wherein Q is the flow condition of the river reach, QDry matterThe flow of incoming water upstream of the main stream, QBranch standFlow rate of incoming water, Q, for upstream substreamsDischarge portThe flow discharged by the discharge port is m3/s。
In a preferred example, the water quality data analysis module comprises a water quality evaluation submodule, a water quality trend analysis submodule, a water quality standard reaching rate statistics submodule, a water quality standard exceeding alarm submodule and a water quality report sorting submodule, and the water quality evaluation submodule, the water quality trend analysis submodule, the water quality standard reaching rate statistics submodule, the water quality standard exceeding alarm and the water quality report sorting function are respectively provided.
The water quality evaluation is to evaluate the water quality of the monitoring sections by adopting a single-factor evaluation method and a single-factor evaluation standard which are commonly used in China, and provides a query function of a water quality evaluation result and an evaluation factor concentration value of each monitoring section.
The water quality trend analysis can analyze the data change trend of a plurality of monitoring items of a single station in a certain time period or check the data change trend of the same monitoring item of a plurality of stations in a certain time period, thereby knowing the water quality comparison condition among different stations or the association relation among different monitoring factors of a single station.
The statistics of the water quality standard reaching rate refers to statistics of the standard reaching conditions (such as standard reaching days, effective days, standard reaching proportion percent and main standard exceeding indexes) of the water quality of each monitoring station of the viewed river at a certain time point according to a week, month and year mode, and comparison with a ring comparison is carried out.
The water quality overproof early warning means that for water quality monitoring data of each water quality monitoring section and each water discharge port, when the water quality monitoring data exceed or are about to exceed a set water quality standard, system alarm can be realized.
The water quality report sorting is to automatically generate a water quality monitoring statistical analysis report, generate a statistical report according to multi-dimensional statistics such as time, water quality grade, data of each monitored quantity and the like, include modes such as a histogram, a curve graph and the like, and provide basic information for analyzing and evaluating water quality change.
When natural or artificial sudden water pollution accidents occur and the water flow is lower than the ecological flow, the system can perform complete accident early warning and emergency response workflow operation based on the water quality model.
The non-point source pollution measuring and calculating unit can measure and calculate farmland non-point source pollution sources, urban runoff pollution sources, rural life pollution sources, livestock and poultry and aquaculture pollution sources, wherein:
the measuring and calculating information of the farmland non-point source pollution source comprises planting species, fertilizing amount, planting area and farming mode;
the measurement and calculation information of the urban runoff pollution source comprises land types, area and rainfall;
the measurement and calculation information of the rural domestic pollution source comprises rural population, sewage treatment proportion and operation condition of rural sewage treatment facilities;
the information measured and calculated for the pollution sources of livestock and poultry and aquaculture comprises the culture amount, culture types and positions.
The pollution source can adopt an output coefficient method to calculate the river inflow amount, and different river inflow coefficients are adopted according to the distance between the pollution source and the river channel.
The water quality simulation and prediction submodule is used for rapidly identifying and recording the position of an event through interaction with a GIS map. After the relevant water quality model parameters and boundary conditions are set, the system can drive the water quality model to carry out rapid accident simulation analysis, dynamically simulate and predict the propagation path, the propagation range and the predicted concentration of pollutants along with time change on a GIS map after the analysis is finished, and simultaneously can display detailed statistical information of important points concerned by users, such as the pollution arrival time, the maximum concentration and other information.
The water quality simulation and prediction submodule preferably comprises a water quality type pollution simulation scheme subunit and a water quantity type pollution simulation scheme unit.
The water quality type pollution simulation scheme subunit is used for calculating the contribution value of the key section at the downstream of the exhaust point and the pollution arrival time when a pollution accident occurs, and drawing a pollution influence range diagram.
The water amount type pollution simulation scheme subunit is used for predicting the water quality condition of the river channel through a model when the water amount is lower than the ecological flow, and forming a water quality distribution diagram.
Preferably, in the system building process, a grid is already set for the water quality model, and the grid in the area near the discharge port is encrypted, so that the accuracy of pollution simulation is ensured.
Preferably, according to a large amount of measured water quality data over the years, the measured data back-stepping method is adopted to calculate the degradation coefficients of various pollutants under different flow conditions, and the degradation coefficients of various pollutants are preset into the model.
In a preferred embodiment, the water quality model is a two-dimensional water quality model, and the control equation includes:
conservation of mass equation:
the momentum equation:
two-dimensional convection diffusion control equation:
in the formula: t is time, zeta is water level, H is static water depth, H is H + zeta, u and v are vertical average flow velocity in x and y directions respectively, g is gravity acceleration, f is 2 omega sin phi, phi is latitude where water area is calculated, C is water levelzIn order to thanks to the factor of the competence,
n is the Manning coefficient, epsilonx、εyRespectively, the horizontal vortex viscosity coefficients in the x and y directions, Dx、DyDiffusion coefficients in x and y directions, c is the concentration of the contaminant, F is the attenuation coefficient, 0 is taken, s is the source intensity of the contaminant, and s is Qscs，QsIs the flow rate of a sewage draining outlet, csIs the emission concentration.
Preferably, the pollution source analysis submodule can also calculate the residual water environment capacity, and the residual water environment capacity W is calculated by adopting a one-dimensional degradation water quality model according to the river reach water quality, flow and pollution conditionRemains ofThe calculation of (3) helps a water environment manager to know the sewage receiving condition of the river channel, and is beneficial to the management of the water environment of the river channel. The calculation formula is as follows:
Wremainder of＝W-∑Wi
In the formula:
w-soil receptivity, t/a;
Wi-contamination load of i-th contaminant, t/a;
Cs-lower section contaminant concentration, mg/L;
C0-the concentration of contaminants in the incoming water at the upper section, mg/L;
q-design flow, m3/s；
Qp-planning to establish a drain discharge flow, m3/s。
C-concentration of contaminant after flowing over distance L, mg/L;
l-longitudinal distance along the river reach, m;
u is the average flow velocity of the river cross section under the design flow, m/s;
k is the comprehensive attenuation coefficient of pollutants, 1/s.
As a general inventive concept, the present invention further provides a water environment early warning tracing method based on water quantity and water quality combined control, and the water environment early warning tracing system based on water quantity and water quality combined control is adopted, which includes:
s1: the hydrologic data analysis module acquires hydrologic data containing flow and flow speed from the hydrologic data acquisition module, and compares the hydrologic data with preset ecological flow QEcological environmentComparing, and when the river flow is less than or equal to QEcological environment1.05 hour, carry out the early warning of water flow；
S2: the water quality data analysis module acquires water quality data from the water quality data acquisition module, and when the acquired water quality data exceeds a preset limit value, water quality exceeding early warning is started;
s3: when the water quality data analysis module and/or the hydrological data analysis module performs early warning, the water quality simulation and prediction sub-module automatically operates to combine the basic data with the data acquired from the water quality data analysis module and/or the hydrological data analysis module; when the water flow early warning occurs, the water quality model simulates and analyzes a distribution diagram of the water quality condition of the river channel; when one or more discharge openings are polluted, the water quality model simulates and forms a pollution influence range diagram, a contribution value and a contribution proportion to a downstream key section and a time result of reaching the key section;
s4: the early warning tracing submodule sends out a prompt to a third party possibly influenced by river pollution according to a simulation analysis result of the water quality model, and can determine a pollution source which has pollution contribution to a downstream key section and a key point and sort the pollution source according to the pollution contribution size under the condition that the river is polluted by a plurality of drainage ports so as to carry out the investigation on the drainage port with the excessive water quality.
At S3, there are a plurality of discharge ports P1、P2、P3、…、PmWhen pollution occurs, m is the number of discharge openings with pollution, and for any section of the downstream, the water quality model can calculate P according to the following method1、P2、P3、…、PmThe contribution value of each row of pollution to the section is as follows:
the water quality model simulates the water quality distribution condition under different scenes:
scenario 0: simultaneous simulation of water quality model P1、P2、P3、…、PmSimulating the pollution status to obtain the section concentration C;
scenario 1: removing row port P1Water quality model simulation discharge port P2、P3、…、PmPollution is carried out, and the section concentration C1 is obtained;
context2: rejecting row port P2Water quality model simulation discharge port P1、P3、…、PmPollution is carried out, and the section concentration C2 is obtained;
by analogy, until
Scene m: removing row port PmWater quality model simulation discharge port P1、P2、…、Pm-1Obtaining the section concentration Cm;
then:
C-C1 is the discharge port P1The contribution value of the pollution, C-C2, is the discharge port P2The contribution value of pollution is analogized, and C-Cm is the discharge port PmContribution of contamination.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the main advantages that:
the invention provides a water environment early warning traceability system and method based on water quantity and water quality combined control, which accumulate a large amount of data for water quality model simulation through double monitoring of water quantity and water quality of a river channel and a discharge port, avoid the problem of inaccurate water quality model simulation, provide visual powerful support for water environment management and decision through analyzing contribution values of water pollution and water pollutant concentration distribution, further promote the gradual improvement of a regional collaborative water ecological environment treatment system, further take effect on the ground of a water environment pollution problem discovery mechanism, and continuously improve the level of digital energized water ecological environment intelligent treatment.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a water environment early warning traceability system based on water quantity and water quality combined management and control in an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following drawings and specific examples. It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. The following examples are conducted under conditions not specified, usually according to conventional conditions, or according to conditions recommended by the manufacturer.
As shown in fig. 1, the water environment early warning traceability system based on water yield and water quality joint management and control of this embodiment includes:
the hydrological data acquisition module comprises a flow monitoring terminal arranged on a river channel and a discharge port; the flow monitoring terminal can acquire hydrological data including flow and flow speed in real time and can upload the acquired hydrological data to the hydrological data analysis module through the wireless network transmission system; the hydrologic data analysis module carries out early warning when the hydrologic data received by the hydrologic data analysis module does not meet the standard;
the water quality data acquisition module comprises water quality monitoring terminals arranged on a river channel and a discharge port; the water quality monitoring terminal can collect water quality data in real time and upload the collected water quality data to the water quality data analysis module through the wireless network transmission system; when the received water quality data do not meet the standard, the water quality data analysis module carries out water quality exceeding early warning;
the pollution traceability module embedded with the water quality model comprises a pollution source analysis submodule, a water quality simulation prediction submodule and an early warning traceability submodule, wherein:
the pollution source analysis submodule comprises a non-point source pollution measuring and calculating unit, and can record and reflect hydrological and water quality data of a non-point source position and analyze the pollution condition of non-point source pollution; hydrological and water quality data of the non-point source position are used as basic data of water quality model operation input;
the water quality simulation and prediction submodule can receive data and early warning signals of the hydrological data analysis module and the water quality data analysis module, perform pollution accident simulation analysis by combining the basic data and utilizing the water quality model, interact with the GIS map so as to dynamically simulate and predict the propagation path, the propagation range and the concentration distribution of pollutants changing along with time on the GIS map, and simultaneously display detailed statistical information (such as pollution arrival time, maximum concentration and other information) of important points concerned by a user, calculate the contribution condition of a pollution source to a downstream key section, draw a pollution influence range map, and predict the water quality condition of the river channel through the water quality model when the water quantity of the river channel is lower than the ecological flow so as to form a water quality distribution map;
the early warning tracing submodule is connected with the water quality simulation prediction submodule, can screen out pollution sources which have pollution contributions to the key downstream sections and the key points according to the simulation analysis result of the water quality model, sorts the pollution sources according to the pollution contributions, analyzes the influence of pollution accidents on peripheral sensitive points, and carries out early warning and reminding on third parties (such as farmers, water extractors and the like) which are possibly influenced by pollution; the early warning tracing submodule can also perform early warning on an area with possibly excessive water quality according to a water quality model prediction result when the amount of water in a river channel is too low so as to remind relevant sensitive bodies in the area to take necessary measures, and provides a water diversion and gate dam regulation scheme.
The hydrological data acquisition module comprises acquisition of flow data and flow speed data of a discharge port and a river channel, has functions of inputting, deleting and editing hydrological monitoring points, and is provided with a basic hydrological data import interface.
The hydrological data analysis module can analyze the conditions of the river channel, the discharge outlet flow and the flow speed, and has the functions of inquiring, counting, comparing and the like of the flow and the flow speed.
The water quality monitoring terminal can include pH sensor, conductivity sensor, turbidity sensor, temperature sensor, dissolved oxygen sensor, chemical oxygen demand monitor, ammonia nitrogen monitor, total nitrogen monitor and total phosphorus monitor, and the quality of water data of gathering can include pH, conductivity, turbidity, temperature, chemical oxygen demand, ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus, dissolved oxygen. The water quality monitoring points have the functions of inputting, deleting and editing, and a basic water quality data import interface is kept.
When a hydrological monitoring point location and a water quality monitoring point location are added, the point location arranged on a river channel needs to input the location (longitude and latitude), the water quality target, the length, the area, the monitoring index and other information of a water functional area; the point location arranged on the discharge opening needs to input position (longitude and latitude), discharge opening type, discharge scale, monitoring index, early warning concentration and other information.
The flow speed error collected by the flow monitoring terminal is preferably within +/-0.02 m/s.
When a certain river reach has no flow monitoring data, the flow of the river reach can be calculated according to the upstream water incoming condition, and the specific formula is as follows:
Q＝Qdry matter+QBranch stand+QDischarge port
Wherein,q is the flow rate of the river section, QDry matterThe flow of incoming water upstream of the main stream, QBranch standFlow rate of incoming water, Q, for upstream substreamsDischarge portThe flow discharged by the discharge port is m3/s。
The water quality data analysis module comprises a water quality evaluation submodule, a water quality trend analysis submodule, a water quality standard-reaching rate statistic submodule, a water quality standard-exceeding alarm submodule and a water quality report sorting submodule, and has the functions of water quality evaluation, water quality trend analysis, water quality standard-reaching rate statistic, water quality standard-exceeding alarm and water quality report sorting respectively.
The water quality evaluation is to evaluate the water quality of the monitoring sections by adopting a single-factor evaluation method and a single-factor evaluation standard which are commonly used in China, and provides a query function of a water quality evaluation result and an evaluation factor concentration value of each monitoring section.
The water quality trend analysis can analyze the data change trend of a plurality of monitoring items of a single site in a certain time period or check the data change trend of the same monitoring item of a plurality of sites in a certain time period, thereby knowing the water quality comparison condition among different sites or the association relationship among different monitoring factors of a single site.
The statistics of the standard-reaching rate of the water quality refers to statistics of standard-reaching conditions (such as standard-reaching days, valid days, standard-reaching proportion% and main standard-exceeding indexes) of the water quality of each monitoring station of the viewed river at a certain time point according to a week, month and year mode, and comparing the same ratio with a ring ratio.
The water quality overproof early warning means that for water quality monitoring data of each water quality monitoring section and each water discharge port, when the water quality monitoring data exceed or are about to exceed a set water quality standard, system alarm can be realized.
The water quality report sorting is to automatically generate a water quality monitoring statistical analysis report, generate a statistical report according to multi-dimensional statistics such as time, water quality grade, data of each monitored quantity and the like, and provide basic information for analyzing and evaluating water quality change in a mode such as a histogram, a curve graph and the like.
When natural or artificial sudden water pollution accidents occur and the water flow is lower than the ecological flow, the system can perform complete accident early warning and emergency response workflow operation based on the water quality model.
The non-point source pollution measuring and calculating unit can measure and calculate farmland non-point source pollution sources, urban runoff pollution sources, rural life pollution sources, livestock and poultry and aquaculture pollution sources, wherein:
the measuring and calculating information of the farmland non-point source pollution source comprises planting species, fertilizing amount, planting area and farming mode;
the measurement and calculation information of the urban runoff pollution source comprises land types, area and rainfall;
the measurement and calculation information of the rural domestic pollution source comprises rural population, sewage treatment proportion and operation condition of rural sewage treatment facilities;
the measurement and calculation information of the pollution sources of livestock, poultry and aquaculture comprises the culture amount, the culture types and the culture positions.
The pollution source can adopt an output coefficient method to calculate the river inflow amount, and different river inflow coefficients are adopted according to the distance between the pollution source and the river channel.
The water quality simulation and prediction submodule is used for rapidly identifying and recording the position of an event through interaction with a GIS map. After the relevant water quality model parameters and boundary conditions are set, the system can drive the water quality model to carry out rapid accident simulation analysis, dynamically simulate and predict the propagation path, the propagation range and the predicted concentration of pollutants along with time change on a GIS map after the analysis is finished, and simultaneously can display detailed statistical information of important points concerned by users, such as the pollution arrival time, the maximum concentration and other information.
The water quality simulation and prediction submodule comprises a water quality type pollution simulation scheme subunit and a water quantity type pollution simulation scheme unit.
The water quality type pollution simulation scheme subunit is used for calculating the contribution value of the key section at the downstream of the exhaust point and the pollution arrival time when a pollution accident occurs, and drawing a pollution influence range diagram.
The water amount type pollution simulation scheme subunit is used for predicting the water quality condition of the river channel through a model when the water amount is lower than the ecological flow, and forming a water quality distribution diagram.
In the system building process, a grid is already set for the water quality model, and the grid of the area near the discharge port is encrypted, so that the accuracy of pollution simulation is ensured.
According to a large amount of measured water quality data over the years, the measured data back-deducing method is adopted to calculate the degradation coefficients of various pollutants under different flow conditions, and the degradation coefficients of various pollutants are preset into a model.
The water quality model is a two-dimensional water quality model, and a control equation of the water quality model comprises:
conservation of mass equation:
the momentum equation:
two-dimensional convection diffusion control equation:
in the formula: t is time, zeta is water level, H is static water depth, H is H + zeta, u and v are vertical average flow velocity in x and y directions respectively, g is gravity acceleration, f is 2 omega sin phi, phi is latitude where water area is calculated, C is water levelzIn order to thanks to the factor of competence,
n is the Manning coefficient, epsilonx、εyRespectively, the horizontal vortex viscosity coefficients in the x and y directions, Dx、DyDiffusion coefficients in x and y directions, c is the concentration of the contaminant, F is the attenuation coefficient, 0 is taken, and s is taken as the contaminantStrong source, s ═ Qscs，QsIs the flow rate of a sewage draining outlet, csIs the emission concentration.
The pollution source analysis submodule can also calculate the capacity of the residual water environment, and adopts a one-dimensional degradation water quality model to calculate the capacity W of the residual water environment by combining the water quality, the flow and the pollution condition of a river reachRemains ofThe calculation of (3) helps a water environment manager to know the sewage receiving condition of the river channel, and is beneficial to the management of the water environment of the river channel. The calculation formula is as follows:
Wremainder of＝W-∑Wi
In the formula:
w-soil receptivity, t/a;
Wi-contamination load of i-th contaminant, t/a;
Cs-lower section contaminant concentration, mg/L;
C0-the concentration of contaminants in the incoming water at the upper section, mg/L;
q-design flow, m3/s；
Qp-planning to establish a drain discharge flow, m3/s。
C-concentration of contaminant after flowing over distance L, mg/L;
l-longitudinal distance along the river reach, m;
u is the average flow velocity of the river cross section under the design flow, m/s;
k is the comprehensive attenuation coefficient of pollutants, 1/s.
Adopt the system of this embodiment to carry out water environment early warning traceability based on water yield quality joint management and control, include:
s1: the hydrologic data analysis module acquires hydrologic data containing flow and flow speed from the hydrologic data acquisition module, and compares the hydrologic data with preset ecological flow QEcological environmentComparing, and when the river flow is less than or equal to QEcological environment1.05 hour, flow of water bodyEarly warning;
s2: the water quality data analysis module acquires water quality data from the water quality data acquisition module, and when the acquired water quality data exceeds a preset limit value, water quality exceeding early warning is started;
s3: when the water quality data analysis module and/or the hydrological data analysis module performs early warning, the water quality simulation and prediction sub-module automatically operates to combine the basic data with the data acquired from the water quality data analysis module and/or the hydrological data analysis module; when the water flow early warning occurs, the water quality model simulates and analyzes a distribution diagram of the water quality condition of the river channel; when one or more discharge openings are polluted, the water quality model simulates and forms a pollution influence range diagram, a contribution value and a contribution proportion to a downstream key section and a time result of reaching the key section;
s4: the early warning traceability submodule sends a prompt to a third party possibly influenced by river pollution according to a simulation analysis result of the water quality model, and can determine a pollution source contributing to pollution of a downstream key section and an important point and sort the pollution source according to the pollution contribution size under the condition that the river is polluted by a plurality of drainage ports so as to carry out the investigation with a particular emphasis on the drainage port exceeding the standard of the water quality.
At S3, there are a plurality of discharge ports P1、P2、P3、…、PmWhen pollution occurs, m is the number of the discharge ports with the pollution, and for any section at the downstream, the water quality model can calculate P according to the following method1、P2、P3、…、PmThe contribution value of each row of pollution to the section is as follows:
the water quality model simulates the water quality distribution condition under different scenes:
scenario 0: water quality model simultaneous simulation P1、P2、P3、…、PmSimulating the pollution status to obtain the section concentration C;
scenario 1: rejecting row port P1Water quality model simulation discharge port P2、P3、…、PmPollution is carried out, and the section concentration C1 is obtained;
scenario 2: removing row port P2Water quality model simulation discharge port P1、P3、…、PmPollution is carried out, and the section concentration C2 is obtained;
by analogy, until
Scene m: rejecting row port PmWater quality model simulation discharge port P1、P2、…、Pm-1Obtaining the section concentration Cm;
then:
C-C1 is the discharge port P1The contribution value of the pollution, C-C2, is the discharge port P2The contribution value of pollution is analogized, and C-Cm is the discharge port PmContribution of contamination.
Furthermore, it should be understood that various changes and modifications can be made by one skilled in the art after reading the above description of the present invention, and equivalents also fall within the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a water environment early warning traceability system based on water yield quality is jointly managed and control which characterized in that includes:
the hydrological data acquisition module comprises a flow monitoring terminal arranged on a river channel and a discharge port; the flow monitoring terminal can acquire hydrological data including flow and flow speed in real time and can upload the acquired hydrological data to the hydrological data analysis module through the wireless network transmission system; when the received hydrological data do not reach the standard, the hydrological data analysis module carries out early warning;
the water quality data acquisition module comprises water quality monitoring terminals arranged on a river channel and a discharge port; the water quality monitoring terminal can collect water quality data in real time and can upload the collected water quality data to the water quality data analysis module through the wireless network transmission system; when the received water quality data do not reach the standard, the water quality data analysis module carries out water quality standard exceeding early warning;
the pollution traceability module embedded with the water quality model comprises a pollution source analysis submodule, a water quality simulation prediction submodule and an early warning traceability submodule, wherein:
the pollution source analysis submodule comprises a non-point source pollution measuring and calculating unit, can record and reflect the pollution source basic information of non-point source positions including hydrology and water quality and analyze the pollution condition of non-point source pollution; the basic information of the pollution source is used as basic data of the operation input of the water quality model;
the water quality simulation and prediction submodule can receive data and early warning signals of the hydrological data analysis module and the water quality data analysis module, utilize the water quality model to perform pollution accident simulation analysis by combining the basic data, interact with the GIS map so as to dynamically simulate and predict the propagation path, the propagation range and the concentration distribution of pollutants changing along with time on the GIS map, simultaneously display detailed statistical information of important point positions concerned by a user, calculate the contribution condition of a pollution source to a downstream key section, draw a pollution influence range diagram, and predict the water quality condition of a river channel through the water quality model when the water quantity of the river channel is lower than the ecological flow so as to form a water quality distribution diagram;
the early warning tracing submodule is connected with the water quality simulation and prediction submodule, can screen out pollution sources which have pollution contributions to the downstream key section and the key point according to the simulation analysis result of the water quality model, sorts the pollution sources according to the pollution contributions, analyzes the influence of pollution accidents on peripheral sensitive points, and carries out early warning and reminding on a third party which is possibly influenced by the pollution; the early warning tracing submodule can also perform early warning on an area with possibly excessive water quality according to a water quality model prediction result when the amount of water in a river channel is too low so as to remind relevant sensitive bodies in the area to take necessary measures, and provides a water diversion and gate dam regulation scheme.
2. The water environment early warning traceability system based on water yield and water quality combined management and control of claim 1, wherein the water quality monitoring terminal comprises a pH sensor, a conductivity sensor, a turbidity sensor, a temperature sensor, a dissolved oxygen sensor, a chemical oxygen demand monitor, an ammonia nitrogen monitor, a total nitrogen monitor and a total phosphorus monitor, and the collected water quality data comprises pH, conductivity, turbidity, temperature, chemical oxygen demand, ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus and dissolved oxygen.
3. The water environment early warning traceability system based on water yield and water quality combined management and control of claim 1, wherein the flow rate error collected by the flow monitoring terminal is within ± 0.02 m/s.
4. The water environment early warning traceability system based on water yield and water quality combined management and control of claim 1, wherein when a certain river reach has no flow monitoring data, the flow of the river reach is calculated according to the upstream water incoming condition, and the specific formula is as follows:
Q＝Qdry matter+QBranch stand+QDischarge port
Wherein Q is the flow condition of the river reach, QDry matterThe flow of incoming water upstream of the main stream, QBranch standFlow rate of incoming water, Q, for upstream substreamsDischarge portThe flow discharged by the discharge port is m3/s。
5. The water environment early warning traceability system based on water yield and water quality combined control of claim 1, wherein the water quality data analysis module comprises a water quality evaluation submodule, a water quality trend analysis submodule, a water quality standard reaching rate statistics submodule, a water quality standard exceeding alarm submodule and a water quality report sorting submodule, and the water quality evaluation, water quality trend analysis, water quality standard reaching rate statistics, water quality standard exceeding alarm and water quality report sorting functions are respectively realized.
6. The water environment early warning traceability system based on water yield and water quality combined management and control of claim 1, wherein the non-point source pollution measuring and calculating unit comprises measuring and calculating of farmland non-point source pollution sources, town runoff pollution sources, rural life pollution sources, livestock and aquatic product culture pollution sources, wherein:
the measuring and calculating information of the farmland non-point source pollution source comprises planting species, fertilizing amount, planting area and farming mode;
the measurement and calculation information of the urban runoff pollution source comprises land types, area and rainfall;
the measurement and calculation information of the rural domestic pollution source comprises rural population, sewage treatment proportion and operation condition of rural sewage treatment facilities;
the measurement and calculation information of the pollution sources of livestock, poultry and aquaculture comprises the culture amount, the culture types and the culture positions.
7. The water environment early warning traceability system based on water yield and water quality combined management and control of claim 1, wherein the water quality model is a two-dimensional water quality model, and a control equation of the two-dimensional water quality model comprises:
mass conservation equation:
the momentum equation:
two-dimensional convection diffusion control equation:
in the formula: t is time, zeta is water level, H is static water depth, H is H + zeta, u and v are vertical average flow velocity in x and y directions respectively, g is gravity acceleration, f is 2 omega sin phi, phi is latitude where water area is calculated, C is water levelzIn order to thanks to the factor of competence,
n is the Manning coefficient, epsilonx、εyRespectively, the horizontal vortex viscosity coefficients in the x and y directions, Dx、DyDiffusion coefficients in x and y directions, c is contaminant concentration, F is attenuation coefficient,taking 0, s as pollutant source, s ═ Qscs，QsIs the flow rate of a sewage draining outlet, csIs the emission concentration.
8. A water environment early warning and tracing method based on water yield and water quality combined control is characterized in that the water environment early warning and tracing system based on water yield and water quality combined control according to any one of claims 1-7 is adopted, and comprises the following steps:
s1: the hydrologic data analysis module acquires hydrologic data containing flow and flow speed from the hydrologic data acquisition module, and compares the hydrologic data with preset ecological flow QEcological environmentComparing, and when the river flow is less than or equal to QEcological environment1.05, performing water flow early warning;
s2: the water quality data analysis module acquires water quality data from the water quality data acquisition module, and when the acquired water quality data exceeds a preset limit value, water quality exceeding early warning is started;
s3: when the water quality data analysis module and/or the hydrological data analysis module performs early warning, the water quality simulation and prediction sub-module automatically operates to combine the basic data with the data acquired from the water quality data analysis module and/or the hydrological data analysis module; when the water flow early warning occurs, simulating and analyzing a riverway water quality condition distribution diagram by using a water quality model; when one or more discharge openings are polluted, the water quality model simulates and forms a pollution influence range diagram, a contribution value and a contribution proportion to a downstream key section and a time result of reaching the key section;
s4: the early warning tracing submodule sends out a prompt to a third party possibly influenced by river pollution according to a simulation analysis result of the water quality model, and can determine a pollution source which has pollution contribution to a downstream key section and a key point and sort the pollution source according to the pollution contribution size under the condition that the river is polluted by a plurality of drainage ports so as to carry out the investigation on the drainage port with the excessive water quality.
9. The water environment early warning tracing method based on water yield and water quality combined management and control according to claim 8, which is characterized in thatCharacterized in that in S3, there are a plurality of discharge ports P1、P2、P3、…、PmWhen pollution occurs, m is the number of the discharge ports with the pollution, and for any section at the downstream, the water quality model calculates P according to the following method1、P2、P3、…、PmThe contribution value of each row of pollution to the section is as follows:
the water quality model simulates the water quality distribution condition under different scenes:
scenario 0: water quality model simultaneous simulation P1、P2、P3、…、PmSimulating the pollution status to obtain the section concentration C;
scenario 1: removing row port P1Water quality model simulation discharge port P2、P3、…、PmPollution is carried out, and the section concentration C1 is obtained;
scenario 2: removing row port P2Water quality model simulation discharge port P1、P3、…、PmPollution is carried out, and the section concentration C2 is obtained;
by analogy, until
Scene m: removing row port PmWater quality model simulation discharge port P1、P2、…、Pm-1Obtaining the section concentration Cm;
then:
C-C1 is the discharge port P1The contribution value of the pollution, C-C2, is the discharge port P2The contribution value of pollution is analogized, and C-Cm is the discharge port PmContribution of contamination.
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