CN113297814A - River lake water quality limit value-based watershed dynamic water environment capacity calculation method and system - Google Patents

River lake water quality limit value-based watershed dynamic water environment capacity calculation method and system Download PDF

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CN113297814A
CN113297814A CN202110558425.4A CN202110558425A CN113297814A CN 113297814 A CN113297814 A CN 113297814A CN 202110558425 A CN202110558425 A CN 202110558425A CN 113297814 A CN113297814 A CN 113297814A
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夏瑞
陈焰
王强
王璐
贾蕊宁
张凯
杨中文
马淑芹
王晓
后希康
段平洲
塔拉
张晓娇
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Abstract

The invention discloses a river and lake water quality limit-based watershed dynamic water environment capacity calculation method and system, wherein the method comprises the following steps: constructing a basin distributed hydrological model based on basic data, coupling the basin distributed hydrological model with a flow and flow rate conversion model, a pollution load model and a one-dimensional water quality model to obtain a basin distributed water quality model, and calculating the outlet water quality concentration of each confluence unit according to the basin distributed water quality model; constructing a river and lake water quality response model by using the basic data, and calculating a river and lake water quality limit value meeting the standard conditions of lake water quality; and calculating the dynamic water environment capacity of each production confluence unit and the whole watershed according to the outlet water quality concentration of each production confluence unit and the river lake-entering water quality limit value, so that the calculation precision of the water environment capacity of the watershed is improved, and the method is used for fine control of river pollution.

Description

基于河湖水质限值的流域动态水环境容量计算方法及系统Calculation method and system of dynamic water environment capacity of river basin based on water quality limit of river and lake

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及河湖流域水环境技术领域,具体涉及一种基于河湖水质限值的流域动态水环境容量计算方法及系统。The invention relates to the technical field of water environment in rivers and lakes, in particular to a method and system for calculating the dynamic water environment capacity of a river basin based on water quality limits of rivers and lakes.

背景技术Background technique

目前,在计算水环境容量时主要考虑水功能区的要求,根据“以湖定河、以海定河”的要求,水功能区的水质目标不一定满足江河湖海对河流的水质控制要求。其原因在于现有的水质标准难以满足区域差异性的需求,不同的区域对河流水质要求不一,按照统一标准进行管理容易出现水质过严或者过松的现象,需根据区域特点和江河湖海水质保护目标,制定差异化的河流水质限值作为水环境容量计算的水质目标。其次,没有考虑水量与气象条件之间的线性或非线性关系,水量随着气象条件变化的结果,缺少水量的输入,水环境容量计算结果无法实现动态变化。同时未考虑到区间点源与非点源对水环境容量的影响,没有对河流所在流域进行控制单元划分和点源、非点源的统计核算分配,仅仅以水体为研究对象,没有考虑降雨径流的影响。存在对现有河流水环境容量计算方法精度低、无法求解估算动态水环境容量的缺陷。At present, the requirements of water function zones are mainly considered when calculating the water environment capacity. According to the requirement of “setting rivers by lakes and rivers by sea”, the water quality targets of water function zones may not necessarily meet the water quality control requirements of rivers, lakes and seas for rivers. The reason is that the existing water quality standards are difficult to meet the needs of regional differences. Different regions have different requirements for river water quality. Management according to unified standards is prone to excessively strict or loose water quality. Water quality protection goals, and formulate differentiated river water quality limits as water quality goals for water environment capacity calculations. Secondly, the linear or non-linear relationship between water volume and meteorological conditions is not considered. As a result of the change of water volume with meteorological conditions, without the input of water volume, the calculation results of water environment capacity cannot achieve dynamic changes. At the same time, the impact of interval point sources and non-point sources on the water environment capacity is not considered, the control unit division and the statistical accounting distribution of point sources and non-point sources are not carried out for the river basin where the river is located. Impact. The existing methods for calculating the water environmental capacity of rivers have the defects of low precision and inability to solve and estimate the dynamic water environmental capacity.

发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

因此,本发明提供的一种基于河湖水质限值的流域动态水环境容量计算方法及系统,克服了对现有河流水环境容量计算方法精度低、无法求解估算动态水环境容量的缺陷。Therefore, the present invention provides a watershed dynamic water environment capacity calculation method and system based on river and lake water quality limits, which overcomes the defects of low precision and inability to solve and estimate the dynamic water environment capacity of the existing river water environment capacity calculation methods.

为达到上述目的,本发明提供如下技术方案:To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

第一方面,本发明实施例提供一种基于河湖水质限值的流域动态水环境容量计算方法,包括:In the first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for calculating the dynamic water environment capacity of a river basin based on the water quality limit value of rivers and lakes, including:

获取待计算流域的基础数据,所述基础数据包括:地理空间数据、污染源数据、水质监测数据、水文数据和气象数据;Obtain the basic data of the watershed to be calculated, the basic data includes: geospatial data, pollution source data, water quality monitoring data, hydrological data and meteorological data;

根据地理空间数据及气象数据,划分待计算流域为若干产汇流单元,基于基础数据构建流域分布式水文模型,根据实测流量数据对流域分布式水文模型进行率定,直到流域分布式水文模型满足精度要求;According to geospatial data and meteorological data, the basin to be calculated is divided into several production-convergence units, the basin distributed hydrological model is constructed based on the basic data, and the basin distributed hydrological model is calibrated according to the measured flow data, until the basin distributed hydrological model meets the accuracy Require;

利用预设转换模型,将流域分布式水文模型与一维水质模型进行耦合,得到流域分布式水量水质模型,根据水质实测数据对流域分布式水量水质模型进行率定,直到流域分布式水量水质模型满足精度要求,并利用所述流域分布式水量水质模型计算各产汇流单元出口水质浓度;Using the preset conversion model, the distributed water quality model of the watershed is coupled with the one-dimensional water quality model to obtain the distributed water quality and water quality model of the watershed. Meet the accuracy requirements, and use the distributed water quantity and water quality model of the basin to calculate the water quality concentration at the outlet of each production and confluence unit;

利用基础数据构建河湖水质响应模型,根据预设河湖水质观测数据对河湖水质响应模型进行率定,直到河湖水质响应模型满足精度要求,并利用所述河湖水质响应模型计算满足湖泊水质标准条件的河流入湖水质限值;Use basic data to build a river and lake water quality response model, calibrate the river and lake water quality response model according to the preset river and lake water quality observation data, until the river and lake water quality response model meets the accuracy requirements, and use the river and lake water quality response model to calculate to meet the lake water quality response model. Water quality limits for river inflows to lakes under water quality standard conditions;

根据各产汇流单元出口水质浓度及河流入湖水质限值,计算各产汇流单元的动态水环境容量及流域的动态水环境容量。According to the water quality concentration at the outlet of each production-convergence unit and the water quality limit of the river entering the lake, the dynamic water environment capacity of each production-convergence unit and the dynamic water environment capacity of the river basin are calculated.

可选地,预设转换模型包括:流量流速转换模型、污染负荷分配模型。Optionally, the preset conversion model includes: a flow rate conversion model and a pollution load distribution model.

可选地,通过DTVGM模型构建流域分布式水量水质模型。Optionally, a watershed distributed water quantity and quality model is constructed through the DTVGM model.

可选地,单元体内污染物降解量包括:上游输入污染物降解量WdS,支流输入污染物降解量WdZ,点源污染物降解量WdP,面源污染物降解量WdMOptionally, the pollutant degradation amount in the unit includes: the upstream input pollutant degradation amount W dS , the tributary input pollutant degradation amount W dZ , the point source pollutant degradation amount W dP , the non-point source pollutant degradation amount W dM ,

分别通过以下公式计算单元体内污染物降解量:The amount of pollutant degradation in the unit was calculated by the following formulas:

Figure BDA0003078168160000031
Figure BDA0003078168160000031

Figure BDA0003078168160000032
Figure BDA0003078168160000032

Figure BDA0003078168160000033
Figure BDA0003078168160000033

其中,K表示污染物降解的速率常数,Qaij为第j条支流流量;Caij为第j条支流污染物浓度;Lj为第j条支流进入汇口距离河段末的距离;TL为河段总长;WdG为概化排污口污染物降解量;LG为概化排污口距离河段末距离;u为河流平均流速。Among them, K is the rate constant of pollutant degradation, Q aij is the flow rate of the jth tributary; C aij is the pollutant concentration of the jth tributary; L j is the distance from the jth tributary entering the confluence to the end of the river reach; TL is the The total length of the river reach; W dG is the degradation amount of pollutants at the generalized sewage outlet; L G is the distance between the generalized sewage outlet and the end of the river reach; u is the average flow velocity of the river.

可选地,所述利用预设转换模型,将流域分布式水文模型与一维水质模型进行耦合,得到流域分布式水量水质模型的步骤之前,还包括:Optionally, before the step of using the preset conversion model to couple the watershed distributed hydrological model and the one-dimensional water quality model to obtain the watershed distributed water quantity and water quality model, the method further includes:

对待计算流域的点源和非点源进行统计,并分配至流域分布式水量模型的各个产汇流单元。The point sources and non-point sources of the watershed to be calculated are counted and distributed to each production and sink unit of the watershed distributed water volume model.

可选地,利用基础数据构建河湖水质响应模型的过程,包括:根据模拟指标的要求选取对应的模型,并设置该模型的全局参数、局部参数及支流参数来构建河湖水质响应模型;其中,Optionally, the process of using basic data to construct a water quality response model for rivers and lakes includes: selecting a corresponding model according to the requirements of the simulation indicators, and setting global parameters, local parameters and tributary parameters of the model to build a water quality response model for rivers and lakes; wherein ,

全局参数包括:流域范围的降雨量、蒸发量、水位变化以及大气外部负荷;Global parameters include: basin-wide rainfall, evaporation, water level changes, and atmospheric external loads;

局部参数包括:湖区的水体表面积、湖区平均深度、混合层深度、非藻类浊度以及湖区的平均水质;Local parameters include: the water surface area of the lake area, the average depth of the lake area, the depth of the mixed layer, the non-algal turbidity and the average water quality of the lake area;

支流参数包括:入湖支流的流域面积、入湖流量及入湖水质浓度。The tributary parameters include: the basin area of the tributaries entering the lake, the flow into the lake, and the water quality concentration in the lake.

可选地,通过以下公式计算各产汇流单元的动态水环境容量:Optionally, the dynamic water environment capacity of each generation and confluence unit is calculated by the following formula:

Figure BDA0003078168160000041
Figure BDA0003078168160000041

其中,K表示污染物降解的速率常数,Csi表示水质限值。where K is the rate constant of pollutant degradation and Csi is the water quality limit.

第二方面,本发明实施例提供一种基于河湖水质限值的流域动态水环境容量计算系统,包括:In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a watershed dynamic water environment capacity calculation system based on river and lake water quality limits, including:

数据获取模块,用于获取待计算流域的基础数据,所述基础数据包括:地理空间数据、污染源数据、水质监测数据、水文数据和气象数据;a data acquisition module for acquiring basic data of the watershed to be calculated, the basic data including: geospatial data, pollution source data, water quality monitoring data, hydrological data and meteorological data;

流域分布式水文模型构建模块,用于根据地理空间数据及气象数据,划分待计算流域为若干产汇流单元,基于基础数据构建流域分布式水文模型,根据实测流量数据对流域分布式水文模型进行率定,直到流域分布式水文模型满足精度要求;The watershed distributed hydrological model building module is used to divide the watershed to be calculated into several production-convergence units according to geospatial data and meteorological data, build a watershed distributed hydrological model based on basic data, and carry out the calculation of the watershed distributed hydrological model according to the measured flow data. until the distributed hydrological model of the basin meets the accuracy requirements;

流域分布式水量水质模型构建模块,用于利用预设转换模型,将流域分布式水文模型与一维水质模型进行耦合,得到流域分布式水量水质模型,根据水质实测数据对流域分布式水量水质模型进行率定,直到流域分布式水量水质模型满足精度要求,并利用所述流域分布式水量水质模型计算各产汇流单元出口水质浓度;The watershed distributed water quantity and quality model building module is used to use the preset conversion model to couple the watershed distributed hydrological model with the one-dimensional water quality model to obtain the watershed distributed water quantity and quality model. Carry out calibration until the watershed distributed water quantity and quality model meets the accuracy requirements, and use the watershed distributed water quantity and quality model to calculate the outlet water quality concentration of each production and confluence unit;

河湖水质响应模型构建模块,用于利用基础数据构建河湖水质响应模型,根据预设河湖水质观测数据对河湖水质响应模型进行率定,直到河湖水质响应模型满足精度要求,并利用所述河湖水质响应模型计算满足湖泊水质标准条件的河流入湖水质限值;The river and lake water quality response model building module is used to construct a river and lake water quality response model using basic data. The water quality response model of the river and lake calculates the water quality limit of the river entering the lake that meets the standard conditions of the lake water quality;

动态水环境容量计算模块,用于根据各产汇流单元出口水质浓度及河流入湖水质限值,计算各产汇流单元的动态水环境容量及流域的动态水环境容量。The dynamic water environment capacity calculation module is used to calculate the dynamic water environment capacity of each production and confluence unit and the dynamic water environment capacity of the river basin according to the water quality concentration at the outlet of each production and confluence unit and the water quality limit of the river entering the lake.

第三方面,本发明实施例提供一种终端,包括:至少一个处理器,以及与所述至少一个处理器通信连接的存储器,其中,所述存储器存储有可被所述至少一个处理器执行的指令,所述指令被所述至少一个处理器执行,以使所述至少一个处理器执行本发明实施例第一方面所述的基于河湖水质限值的流域动态水环境容量计算方法。In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a terminal, including: at least one processor, and a memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor, wherein the memory stores a program executable by the at least one processor. The instruction is executed by the at least one processor, so that the at least one processor executes the method for calculating the dynamic water environment capacity of a river basin based on the water quality limit of the river and lake according to the first aspect of the embodiment of the present invention.

第四方面,本发明实施例提供一种计算机可读存储介质,所述计算机可读存储介质存储有计算机指令,所述计算机指令用于使所述计算机执行本发明实施例第一方面所述的基于河湖水质限值的流域动态水环境容量计算方法。In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium, where the computer-readable storage medium stores computer instructions, and the computer instructions are used to cause the computer to execute the first aspect of the embodiment of the present invention. Calculation method of dynamic water environment capacity of river basin based on water quality limit of river and lake.

本发明技术方案,具有如下优点:The technical scheme of the present invention has the following advantages:

1、本发明提供的基于河湖水质限值的流域动态水环境容量计算方法及系统,通过污染负荷分配模型实现了污染源按照时间维度进行动态分配。同时,通过流量流速转换模型将流域分布式水量模型与一维水质模型耦合,将水量和水质进行耦合,完成流域分布式水量水质模型的构建。1. The method and system for calculating the dynamic water environment capacity of a river basin based on the water quality limit of rivers and lakes provided by the present invention realizes the dynamic allocation of pollution sources according to the time dimension through the pollution load allocation model. At the same time, through the flow rate conversion model, the distributed water quantity model of the basin is coupled with the one-dimensional water quality model, and the water quantity and water quality are coupled to complete the construction of the basin distributed water quantity and quality model.

2、本发明提供的基于河湖水质限值的流域动态水环境容量计算方法及系统,由于水质实测数据及预设河湖水质观测数据是实时变化的,同步获取各产汇流单元在不同降雨量条件下的水量水质和水环境容量,实现产汇流单元及流域水环境容量的动态计算。2. The method and system for calculating the dynamic water environment capacity of the river basin based on the water quality limit of rivers and lakes provided by the present invention, because the measured water quality data and the preset water quality observation data of rivers and lakes are changed in real time, synchronously obtain the different rainfall of each production and confluence unit. Under the condition of water quality, water quality and water environment capacity, the dynamic calculation of the production and confluence unit and the water environment capacity of the basin can be realized.

3、本发明提供的基于河湖水质限值的流域动态水环境容量计算方法及系统,其中,根据河湖水质响应模型得出的结果是河流入湖的水质限值,区别于现有地表水质标准的要求,不同的区域对河流入湖的水质要求不一,根据河湖水质响应模型能够做到定不同区域河流的水质限值,不同于以往基于水质目标和水质标准计算水环境容量。3. The method and system for calculating the dynamic water environment capacity of a river basin based on the water quality limit of rivers and lakes provided by the present invention, wherein the result obtained according to the water quality response model of rivers and lakes is the water quality limit of rivers entering the lake, which is different from the existing surface water quality According to the requirements of the standard, different regions have different requirements for the water quality of rivers entering the lake. According to the water quality response model of rivers and lakes, the water quality limit of rivers in different regions can be determined, which is different from the previous calculation of water environment capacity based on water quality goals and water quality standards.

附图说明Description of drawings

为了更清楚地说明本发明具体实施方式或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对具体实施方式或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图是本发明的一些实施方式,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。In order to illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art more clearly, the following briefly introduces the accompanying drawings that need to be used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description The drawings are some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.

图1为本发明实施例提供的一种基于河湖水质限值的流域动态水环境容量计算方法的一个具体示例的流程图;Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a specific example of a method for calculating the dynamic water environment capacity of a river basin based on a river and lake water quality limit value provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

图2为本发明实施例提供的一个产汇流单元水体水量水质平衡的示意图;FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the water quantity and water quality balance of a water body of a production-convergence unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;

图3为本发明实施例提供的一种基于河湖水质限值的流域动态水环境容量计算方法的Bathtub模型构建数据示意图;3 is a schematic diagram of the Bathtub model construction data of a method for calculating the dynamic water environment capacity of a river basin based on a river and lake water quality limit value provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

图4为本发明实施例提供的入湖水文控制站(S1、S2、S3、S4、S5)月径流示意图;FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of monthly runoff at the inflow hydrological control station (S1, S2, S3, S4, S5) provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

图5(a)-5(e)为本发明实施例提供的5条支流月径流控制水文站率定期和验证期月径流观测值和模拟值径流过程图;Figures 5(a)-5(e) are runoff process diagrams of monthly runoff observation values and simulated values of 5 tributaries provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

图6(a)-6(h)为本发明实施例提供的部分水质控制站点率定期和验证期月TP浓度观测值和模拟值对比图;Figures 6(a)-6(h) are comparison diagrams of observed values and simulated values of TP concentration at regular and monthly verification periods for some water quality control sites provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

图7为本发明实施例提供的湖区TP浓度模拟过程的曲线示意图;7 is a schematic diagram of a curve of a lake area TP concentration simulation process provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

图8(a)-8(e)为本发明实施例提供的各流域TP水环境容量年内动态变化曲线示意图;Figures 8(a)-8(e) are schematic diagrams of dynamic change curves of TP water environmental capacity in each basin within a year provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

图9为本发明实施例提供的一种基于河湖水质限值的流域动态水环境容量计算系统的模块组成图;Fig. 9 is the module composition diagram of a kind of basin dynamic water environment capacity calculation system based on river and lake water quality limit value provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

图10为本发明实施例提供的一种终端的一个具体示例的组成图。FIG. 10 is a composition diagram of a specific example of a terminal according to an embodiment of the present invention.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

下面将结合附图对本发明的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are a part of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

在本发明的描述中,需要说明的是,术语“中心”、“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系,仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述,而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作,因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。此外,术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”仅用于描述目的,而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. The indicated orientation or positional relationship is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, which is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the indicated device or element must have a specific orientation or a specific orientation. construction and operation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first", "second", and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed to indicate or imply relative importance.

在本发明的描述中,需要说明的是,除非另有明确的规定和限定,术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解,例如,可以是固定连接,也可以是可拆卸连接,或一体地连接;可以是机械连接,也可以是电连接;可以是直接相连,也可以通过中间媒介间接相连,还可以是两个元件内部的连通,可以是无线连接,也可以是有线连接。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,可以具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "installed", "connected" and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, for example, it may be a fixed connection or a detachable connection connection, or integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal connection of two components, which can be a wireless connection or a wired connection connect. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific situations.

此外,下面所描述的本发明不同实施方式中所涉及的技术特征只要彼此之间未构成冲突就可以相互结合。In addition, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

实施例1Example 1

本发明实施例提供的一种基于河湖水质限值的流域动态水环境容量计算方法,如图1所示,包括如下步骤:A method for calculating the dynamic water environment capacity of a river basin based on the water quality limit of rivers and lakes provided by an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 1 , includes the following steps:

步骤S1:获取待计算流域的基础数据,所述基础数据包括:地理空间数据、污染源数据、水质监测数据、水文数据和气象数据。Step S1: Acquire basic data of the watershed to be calculated, the basic data includes: geospatial data, pollution source data, water quality monitoring data, hydrological data and meteorological data.

在本发明实施例中,获取预设时间段内的基础数据,预设时间段根据实际计算进行相应的选取,在此不作限制。所获取的基础数据如下表所示,仅以此举例,不以此为限,在实际应用中根据实际需求获取相应的基础数据。In this embodiment of the present invention, basic data within a preset time period is acquired, and the preset time period is selected according to actual calculations, which is not limited herein. The obtained basic data is shown in the following table, which is only an example, not limited to this, and the corresponding basic data is obtained according to actual needs in practical applications.

Figure BDA0003078168160000081
Figure BDA0003078168160000081

Figure BDA0003078168160000091
Figure BDA0003078168160000091

步骤S2:根据地理空间数据及气象数据,划分待计算流域为若干产汇流单元,基于基础数据构建流域分布式水文模型,根据实测流量数据对流域分布式水文模型进行率定,直到流域分布式水文模型满足精度要求。Step S2: According to the geospatial data and meteorological data, divide the basin to be calculated into several production-convergence units, build a basin distributed hydrological model based on the basic data, and calibrate the basin distributed hydrological model according to the measured flow data, until the basin distributed hydrological model is reached. The model meets the accuracy requirements.

在本发明实施例中,基于待计算流域研究区的数字高程模型(Digital ElevationModel,DEM)、水文站点、水质站点、土地利用和土壤类型等空间数据,仅以此举例,不以此为限,在实际应用中根据实际需求选择相应的空间数据。利用GIS平台获取流域陆地表面的单元坡度、流向、水流路径、水系分布、流域及产汇流边界、土地覆被以及水文气象输入变量等空间变化信息,空间变化信息在此不作限制。同时需保证每个产汇流单元至少包含1-2个水质站点进行水质边界控制,利用叠置技术,建立行政区-入河排污口-陆上汇流区的对应关系;结合自然流域的水文产汇流特性与水生态系统的流域自然特性与空间差异性,合理分析划分的产汇流单元。In the embodiment of the present invention, based on spatial data such as digital elevation model (Digital Elevation Model, DEM), hydrological site, water quality site, land use and soil type of the watershed research area to be calculated, this is only an example, not limited to this. In practical applications, the corresponding spatial data is selected according to actual needs. The GIS platform is used to obtain spatial variation information such as unit slope, flow direction, water flow path, water system distribution, watershed and runoff boundary, land cover, and hydrometeorological input variables on the land surface of the basin. The spatial variation information is not limited here. At the same time, it is necessary to ensure that each production and confluence unit contains at least 1-2 water quality stations for water quality boundary control, and the superposition technology is used to establish the corresponding relationship between the administrative area - the sewage outlet into the river - the land confluence area; combine the hydrological production and confluence characteristics of natural river basins With the natural characteristics and spatial differences of the water ecosystem, the divided runoff and runoff units are reasonably analyzed.

在本发明实施例中,流域分布式水文模型是现有的地理学数据模型,基于基础数据构建的流域分布式水文模型,可以全面地利用降雨的空间分布信息,同时该模型参数的空间分布能够反映下垫面自然条件的空间变化。In the embodiment of the present invention, the watershed distributed hydrological model is an existing geographic data model. The watershed distributed hydrological model constructed based on basic data can fully utilize the spatial distribution information of rainfall, and the spatial distribution of the model parameters can Reflect the spatial changes of the natural conditions of the underlying surface.

在本发明实施例中,将空间化的流域陆面数字信息和水文信息作为流域分布式水文模型的框架,输入研究区降雨数据,进行流域产流和汇流模拟,得到模拟的流域出口的流量,与对应水文站的径流实测值进行对比分析评估,选择纳什效率系数NSE,确定性系数R2和相对误差Bias作为模型的评估指标,通过对比模拟值和实测值,直到流域分布式水文模型满足精度要求,选取相应的模型参数,仅以此举例,不以此为限,在实际应用中根据实际需求选择相应的评估指标。分别通过以下公式计算评估指标:In the embodiment of the present invention, the spatialized land surface digital information and hydrological information of the watershed are used as the framework of the distributed hydrological model of the watershed, the rainfall data in the study area are input, and the simulation of the watershed runoff and confluence is performed to obtain the simulated watershed outlet flow, Comparing, analyzing and evaluating with the measured runoff value of the corresponding hydrological station, selecting Nash efficiency coefficient NSE, certainty coefficient R2 and relative error Bias as the evaluation indicators of the model, by comparing the simulated value and the measured value, until the distributed hydrological model of the basin meets the accuracy requirements , select the corresponding model parameters, this is only an example, not limited to this, in practical applications, select the corresponding evaluation indicators according to the actual needs. The evaluation indicators are calculated by the following formulas:

Nash效率系数:Nash efficiency coefficient:

Figure BDA0003078168160000101
Figure BDA0003078168160000101

确定性系数:Certainty factor:

Figure BDA0003078168160000102
Figure BDA0003078168160000102

相对误差:Relative error:

Figure BDA0003078168160000111
Figure BDA0003078168160000111

其中:n为径流序列长度,Qi,sim和Qi,obs分别为第i时刻径流模拟值和观测值,

Figure BDA0003078168160000112
为径流平均观测值。Where: n is the length of the runoff sequence, Qi ,sim and Qi ,obs are the simulated and observed runoff values at the i-th time, respectively,
Figure BDA0003078168160000112
is the average observed value of runoff.

步骤S3:利用预设转换模型,将流域分布式水文模型与一维水质模型进行耦合,得到流域分布式水量水质模型,根据水质实测数据对流域分布式水量水质模型进行率定,直到流域分布式水量水质模型满足精度要求,并利用所述流域分布式水量水质模型计算各产汇流单元出口水质浓度。Step S3: Use the preset conversion model to couple the watershed distributed hydrological model and the one-dimensional water quality model to obtain a watershed distributed water quantity and quality model, and calibrate the watershed distributed water quantity and quality model according to the measured water quality data until the watershed distributed water quality model is obtained. The water quantity and quality model meets the accuracy requirements, and the water quality concentration at the outlet of each production and confluence unit is calculated by using the distributed water quantity and quality model of the basin.

在本发明实施例中,利用预设转换模型,将流域分布式水文模型与一维水质模型进行耦合,得到流域分布式水量水质模型的步骤之前,还包括:对待计算流域水环境的点源和非点源进行统计,并分配至流域分布式水文模型的各个产汇流单元,对河流所在流域进行控制单元划分点源、非点源的统计核算分配,考虑降雨径流的影响。本发明实施例将污染源核算结果按照产汇流单元或行政区进行空间分配,同时反映污染源的时空分布特征对于流域水量水质的影响,污染源核算结果的分配在此不作限制,根据需求进行相应的分配。采用污染负荷分配对污染源进行时间尺度上的分配,从污染治理的角度,能够从时间维度对污染源进行精细化的时间、空间管控。In the embodiment of the present invention, before the step of obtaining the distributed water quantity and water quality model of the watershed, the step of coupling the distributed hydrological model of the watershed with the one-dimensional water quality model by using the preset conversion model further includes: the point source and the water environment of the watershed to be calculated. The non-point sources are counted and distributed to each production-convergence unit of the watershed distributed hydrological model, and the control unit is divided into point sources and non-point sources for the river basin. In the embodiment of the present invention, the pollution source accounting results are spatially allocated according to the production and confluence units or administrative regions, and at the same time, the impact of the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of the pollution sources on the water quality and water quality of the basin is reflected. Pollution load distribution is used to allocate pollution sources on a time scale. From the perspective of pollution control, it is possible to carry out refined time and space control of pollution sources from the time dimension.

在本发明实施例中,一维水质模型是指河流在稳态条件下建立的水质模型,稳态条件是指均匀河段的河流在定常排污条件下,污染物进入水体后,河流的横断面积、流速、流量、污染物的输入量不随时间变化。污水排入河道后,横向混合长度远小于河流的计算流程长度,污染物在较短时间内基本能混合均匀,垂向和横向的污染物浓度梯度可以忽略,仅考虑河流沿纵向的浓度变化,因此本发明采用一维水质模型作为耦合模型的基础。通过以下公式表示一维水质模型:In the embodiment of the present invention, the one-dimensional water quality model refers to the water quality model established by the river under steady-state conditions, and the steady-state condition refers to the cross-sectional area of the river after the pollutants enter the water body under steady discharge conditions of a river with a uniform reach. , flow rate, flow, and the input of pollutants do not change with time. After the sewage is discharged into the river, the horizontal mixing length is much smaller than the calculated flow length of the river. The pollutants can basically be mixed evenly in a short time, and the vertical and horizontal pollutant concentration gradients can be ignored. Only the concentration changes along the river are considered. Therefore, the present invention adopts a one-dimensional water quality model as the basis of the coupled model. The one-dimensional water quality model is represented by the following formula:

Figure BDA0003078168160000121
Figure BDA0003078168160000121

式中,C0为计算起始断面污染物的浓度(mg/L);v为河流流速(m/s)。其中K1为污染物降解的速率常数,x为计算断面距离起始断面的距离(m)。In the formula, C 0 is the concentration of pollutants at the initial section of the calculation (mg/L); v is the river velocity (m/s). where K 1 is the rate constant of pollutant degradation, and x is the distance (m) between the calculated section and the starting section.

在本发明实施例中,流域分布式水量水质模型以流域分布式水文模型和一维水质模型为基础,通过DTVGM模型构建流域分布式水量水质模型。将水文模型的输出结果作为水质模型的输入边界,因此实现二者耦合的关键在于模型参数的转换。流域分布式水文模型输出的参数为各产汇流单元出口及流域出口的水量水质,一维水质模型需要输入的边界条件为流速,在缺乏流速实测数据的情况下,本发明为实现二者的耦合,利用预设转换模型:流量流速转换模型、污染负荷分配模型,仅以此举例,不以此为限,在实际应用中根据实际情况选取合适的转换模型。将流域分布式水量水质模型的水量结果转换为一维水质模型需要的流速边界,本发明实施例可为同类型的模型耦合提供简单有效的解决思路。In the embodiment of the present invention, the watershed distributed water quantity and quality model is based on the watershed distributed hydrological model and the one-dimensional water quality model, and the watershed distributed water quantity and quality model is constructed through the DTVGM model. The output of the hydrological model is used as the input boundary of the water quality model, so the key to realizing the coupling between the two lies in the conversion of model parameters. The parameters output by the distributed hydrological model of the watershed are the water quantity and quality at the outlet of each production and confluence unit and the outlet of the watershed. The boundary condition that the one-dimensional water quality model needs to input is the flow rate. In the absence of the measured data of the flow rate, the present invention realizes the coupling of the two. , using the preset conversion models: flow rate conversion model, pollution load distribution model, this is only an example, not limited to this, select the appropriate conversion model according to the actual situation in practical applications. By converting the water quantity result of the distributed water quantity and water quality model of the watershed into the flow velocity boundary required by the one-dimensional water quality model, the embodiment of the present invention can provide a simple and effective solution for the coupling of models of the same type.

在一具体实施例中,由于分布式时变增益模型(Distributed time-varying gainmodel,DTVGM模型)模型不能输出流速,因此需要对输出的流量数据进行转化,流域分布式水文模型和一维水质模型的耦合构建过程中,通过构建污染负荷分配模型将点源和非点源进行时间维度上的分配,实现污染负荷的动态变化。In a specific embodiment, since the distributed time-varying gain model (Distributed time-varying gain model, DTVGM model) model cannot output the flow velocity, it is necessary to transform the output flow data. In the process of coupling construction, the point source and the non-point source are allocated in the time dimension by constructing the pollution load distribution model, so as to realize the dynamic change of the pollution load.

流量流速采用标定公式法进行转换,根据水文站点历史观测数据对各河段的流量流速关系进行线性拟合,得到流量流速转换模型,将流域分布式水文模型得到的动态流量更新为动态流速数据。通过以下公式计算河流平均流速u、河流断面平均水深H:The flow velocity is converted by the calibration formula method, and the flow velocity relationship of each river reach is linearly fitted according to the historical observation data of the hydrological station, and the flow velocity conversion model is obtained. Calculate the average flow velocity u of the river and the average water depth H of the river section by the following formulas:

u=aQb u= aQb

H=αQβ H= αQβ

其中,Q为河流断面流量(m3/s);a、b、α和β为确定流速流量关系和水位流速关系的经验系参数,可以根据历史数据进行确定。Among them, Q is the river section flow (m 3 /s); a, b, α and β are empirical parameters for determining the relationship between flow velocity and flow rate and the relationship between water level and flow velocity, which can be determined according to historical data.

通过以下公式计算过水断面面积Ac及平均水面宽度B:Calculate the water-passing cross-sectional area A c and the average water surface width B by the following formulas:

Figure BDA0003078168160000131
Figure BDA0003078168160000131

Figure BDA0003078168160000132
Figure BDA0003078168160000132

在本发明实施例中,由于流域分布式水量水质模型对输入边界的要求,需要将核算的污染负荷按照时间维度进行分配。例如:某一年核算的污染物总磷(TP)污染负荷为W,需要根据时间尺度(月尺度或者日尺度等,仅以此举例,不以此为限,在实际应用中根据实际需求选择相应的时间尺度)将W分配至每一月或每一天,相应的会将W按照一定的条件分成12个值或者365个值,以时间序列的形式输入至模型中作为边界条件。In the embodiment of the present invention, due to the requirement on the input boundary of the distributed water quantity and quality model of the watershed, the calculated pollution load needs to be distributed according to the time dimension. For example, the total phosphorus (TP) pollution load of pollutants calculated in a certain year is W, which needs to be selected according to the time scale (monthly scale or daily scale, etc.) Corresponding time scale) to assign W to each month or day, correspondingly, W will be divided into 12 values or 365 values according to certain conditions, and input into the model in the form of time series as boundary conditions.

在一具体实施例中结合实际情况构建了污染负荷月分配模型,通过以下公式计算月污染负荷分配:In a specific embodiment, a pollution load monthly distribution model is constructed in combination with the actual situation, and the monthly pollution load distribution is calculated by the following formula:

Lm,i=(Qs,j+Qg,j)×La,i/(Qs,a+Qg,a)L m,i =(Q s,j +Q g,j )×L a,i /(Q s,a +Q g,a )

其中,Lm,i为污染源i的月负荷量;La,i为污染源i的年负荷量;Lg,j为第j月地下水入河流量;Qs,j为第j月地表径流进入河流的流量;Qs,a为年地表径流量;Qg,a为年地下径流量。Among them, L m,i is the monthly load of pollution source i; L a,i is the annual load of pollution source i; L g,j is the flow of groundwater into the river in the jth month; Q s , j is the inflow of surface runoff in the jth month The flow of the river; Q s,a is the annual surface runoff; Q g , a is the annual underground runoff.

本发明摒弃了传统的以水功能区为基本单元计算河流水环境容量,采用流域分布式水文模型划分的子流域作为计算基本单元,耦合一维水质模型构建分布式水量水质模型。如图2所示,对于一个产汇流单元水体i,水量水质平衡的过程:The invention abandons the traditional calculation of river water environment capacity with the water function area as the basic unit, adopts the sub-basins divided by the distributed hydrological model of the watershed as the basic calculation unit, and couples the one-dimensional water quality model to construct a distributed water quantity and water quality model. As shown in Figure 2, for a water body i of a catchment unit, the process of water quality and water quality balance:

产汇流单元水文平衡的方程:The equation of the hydrological balance of the production-confluence unit:

ΔVi=Qi-1+Ri+Qai-qi-Qi ΔV i =Q i-1 +R i +Q ai -q i -Q i

产汇流单元水质浓度平衡的方程:The equation of the water quality concentration balance in the production-confluence unit:

Figure BDA0003078168160000141
Figure BDA0003078168160000141

其中,ΔVi为单元i在时段内的蓄水量变化量;Qi-1和Qi分别为单元汇入和流出水量;qi为人类取用水量;Ri为单元i的区间产水量;Qai为支流汇入量。Vi为单元i的蓄水量;CRi为区间产流中的污染物浓度(与面源污染密切相关);Cai为支流水质浓度;Ci-1和Ci分别为单元输入和输出的水质浓度;Cqi为人类取用水污染物浓度;Wp为单位i点源污染负荷总和;Wd为单元体内污染物降解量。Among them, ΔV i is the change of water storage volume of unit i in the period; Qi -1 and Qi are the inflow and outflow water volume of the unit, respectively; q i is the water consumption of human beings; R i is the interval water production of unit i ; Q ai is the inflow of tributaries. Vi is the water storage capacity of unit i; C Ri is the pollutant concentration in the interval runoff (closely related to non-point source pollution); C ai is the tributary water quality concentration; C i-1 and C i are the unit input and output, respectively C qi is the concentration of pollutants in human water; W p is the sum of the pollution load of the unit i point source; W d is the degradation amount of pollutants in the unit.

在本发明实施例中,Wd为产汇流单元内水体自净能力,包括:上游输入污染物降解量WdS;支流输入污染物降解量WdZ;点源污染物降解量WdP;面源污染物降解量WdM,仅以此举例,不以此为限,在实际应用中根据实际需求选取相应的单元体内污染物降解量数据,本发明实施例通过扩大污染物降解量数据的选取,使得模型的计算更加准确。分别通过以下公式计算单元体内污染物降解量:In the embodiment of the present invention, W d is the self-purification capacity of the water body in the production-convergence unit, including: the degradation amount of upstream input pollutants W dS ; the degradation amount of tributary input pollutants W dZ ; the degradation amount of point source pollutants W dP ; The degradation amount W dM is only taken as an example, not limited to this. In practical applications, the corresponding data on the degradation amount of pollutants in the unit is selected according to actual needs. The calculation of the model is more accurate. The amount of pollutant degradation in the unit was calculated by the following formulas:

Figure BDA0003078168160000151
Figure BDA0003078168160000151

Figure BDA0003078168160000152
Figure BDA0003078168160000152

其中,n为河段支流总数;Qaij为第j条支流流量;Caij为第j条支流污染物浓度;Lj为第j条支流入汇口距离河段末的距离;TL为河段总长。Among them, n is the total number of tributaries; Q aij is the flow of the jth tributary; C aij is the pollutant concentration of the jth tributary; L j is the distance from the jth tributary to the end of the river reach; TL is the river reach total length.

点源非点源污染物降解量和污染物入河量以及污染物排放方式有关,可以考虑简化为概化排污口排污形式,因此:The degradation amount of point source and non-point source pollutants is related to the amount of pollutants entering the river and the method of pollutant discharge. It can be considered to be simplified as a generalized sewage outlet discharge form. Therefore:

Figure BDA0003078168160000153
Figure BDA0003078168160000153

其中,WdG为概化排污口污染物降解量;LG为概化排污口距离河段末距离。概化排污口具体位置可以根据点源、非点源污染物入河量与排污特征分析确定。两种极端情况为段首排污和段位排污,前者LG=TL,污染物降解量最大;后者LG=0,降解量最小。Among them, W dG is the degradation amount of pollutants in the generalized sewage outlet; L G is the distance between the generalized sewage outlet and the end of the river reach. The specific location of the generalized sewage outlet can be determined according to the analysis of point source and non-point source pollutants entering the river and the characteristics of sewage discharge. The two extreme cases are the first section discharge and the section discharge. The former is L G =TL, and the degradation amount of pollutants is the largest; the latter is L G =0, and the degradation amount is the smallest.

在本发明实施例中,基于流域分布式水量水质模型,模拟计算流域出口的水质,与对应水质站的实测值进行对比分析评估,选择相关系数CC和平均相对误差MRE作为模型评估指标,通过对比水质模拟值和实测值,来判断该模型的适用性,通过以下公式计算评估指标:In the embodiment of the present invention, based on the distributed water quantity and water quality model of the watershed, the water quality at the outlet of the watershed is simulated and calculated, and is compared and evaluated with the measured value of the corresponding water quality station, and the correlation coefficient CC and the average relative error MRE are selected as the model evaluation indicators. The applicability of the model is judged by using the simulated and measured values of water quality, and the evaluation index is calculated by the following formula:

Figure BDA0003078168160000154
Figure BDA0003078168160000154

Figure BDA0003078168160000155
Figure BDA0003078168160000155

式中,Ci,sim为第i时刻的水质模拟值;Ci,obs为第i时刻的水质观测值;

Figure BDA0003078168160000156
为水质观测值的平均值;
Figure BDA0003078168160000157
为水质模拟值的平均值;n为样本个数。In the formula, C i,sim is the simulated water quality value at the ith moment; C i,obs is the water quality observation value at the ith moment;
Figure BDA0003078168160000156
is the average value of water quality observations;
Figure BDA0003078168160000157
is the average value of water quality simulation values; n is the number of samples.

步骤S4:利用基础数据构建河湖水质响应模型,根据预设河湖水质观测数据对河湖水质响应模型进行率定,直到河湖水质响应模型满足精度要求,并利用所述河湖水质响应模型计算满足湖泊水质标准条件的河流入湖水质限值。Step S4: constructing a river and lake water quality response model using basic data, and calibrating the river and lake water quality response model according to the preset river and lake water quality observation data until the river and lake water quality response model meets the accuracy requirements, and using the river and lake water quality response model Calculate the water quality limits for river inflows that meet the lake water quality standard conditions.

在一具体实施例中,河湖水质响应模型主要借助Bathtub模拟软件构建,如图3所示,Bathtub模型构建需要的数据包括:全局参数、局部参数和支流参数,仅以此举例,不以此为限,在实际应用中根据实际需求选取相应的数据。In a specific embodiment, the water quality response model of rivers and lakes is mainly constructed with the help of the Bathtub simulation software. As shown in Figure 3, the data required for the construction of the Bathtub model includes: global parameters, local parameters and tributary parameters. As a limit, in practical applications, select the corresponding data according to the actual needs.

全局参数为流域范围的数据,包括:降雨量、蒸发量、水位变化以及大气外部负荷等,仅以此举例,不以此为限,在实际应用中根据实际需求选取相应的全局参数。The global parameters are the data of the watershed, including: rainfall, evaporation, water level changes, and atmospheric external load, etc. This is only an example, not limited to this, and the corresponding global parameters are selected according to actual needs in practical applications.

局部参数为湖区的水体参数,包括:湖区表面积、湖区平均深度、混合层深度、非藻类浊度以及湖区的平均水质,仅以此举例,不以此为限,在实际应用中根据实际需求选取相应的局部参数。The local parameters are the water parameters of the lake area, including: the surface area of the lake area, the average depth of the lake area, the depth of the mixed layer, the non-algal turbidity, and the average water quality of the lake area. This is just an example, not limited to this, and is selected according to actual needs in practical applications. the corresponding local parameters.

支流参数为入湖支流的数据,包括:入湖支流的流域面积、入湖流量以及入湖水质浓度,仅以此举例,不以此为限,在实际应用中根据实际需求选取相应的支流参数。The tributary parameters are the data of the tributaries entering the lake, including: the watershed area of the tributaries entering the lake, the flow rate and the water quality concentration. .

在一具体实施例中,河湖水质响应模型构建步骤包括:模型的选择、全局参数的设置、局部参数的设置、支流参数的设置和模型率定验证五个部分,具体如下:In a specific embodiment, the steps of building a water quality response model for rivers and lakes include five parts: model selection, global parameter setting, local parameter setting, tributary parameter setting, and model calibration verification, as follows:

(1)模型的选择:根据模拟指标的要求,确定模拟时间,在Model Selector界面选择对应的模型,例如:P模型、N模型、Chl-a模型和透明度模型等,仅以此举例,不以此为限,在实际应用中根据实际需求选取相应的模型。例如:P模型的计算公式分为一阶模型和二阶模型,具体计算公式如下:(1) Model selection: According to the requirements of the simulation indicators, determine the simulation time, and select the corresponding model in the Model Selector interface, such as: P model, N model, Chl-a model and transparency model, etc. This is only an example, not a model This is limited, in practical applications, select the corresponding model according to the actual needs. For example, the calculation formula of the P model is divided into a first-order model and a second-order model. The specific calculation formula is as follows:

一阶模型:First order model:

Figure BDA0003078168160000171
Figure BDA0003078168160000171

二阶模型:Second order model:

Figure BDA0003078168160000172
Figure BDA0003078168160000172

其中:P为湖泊总磷输出浓度(mg/m3),Pi为入湖河流总磷浓度(mg/m3),k为校正因子,A1为磷沉降项截距,T为水力停留时间(年)。Among them: P is the total phosphorus output concentration of the lake (mg/m 3 ), P i is the total phosphorus concentration of the river entering the lake (mg/m 3 ), k is the correction factor, A 1 is the intercept of the phosphorus sedimentation term, and T is the hydraulic retention time (year).

(2)全局参数设置(2) Global parameter settings

全局参数设置界面需要定义模拟的时间(平均期),当平均期为一年时,则输入1,当平均期为半年时,则输入0.5,其它同理;另外需要输入平均期时间内的平均降雨量、蒸发量、平均蓄水深度和大气负荷(总磷、总氮等)的参数,仅以此举例,不以此为限,在实际应用中根据实际需求设置相应的全局参数。The global parameter setting interface needs to define the simulation time (average period). When the average period is one year, enter 1. When the average period is half a year, enter 0.5. The parameters of rainfall, evaporation, average water storage depth and atmospheric load (total phosphorus, total nitrogen, etc.) are only examples, not limited to this. In practical applications, set corresponding global parameters according to actual needs.

(3)局部参数设置(3) Local parameter setting

局部参数的设置主要是考虑湖体是否进行分区,在不分区的条件下,整个湖区即为一个段,需要输入整个湖区的表面积、平均深度、特征长度以及混合层深度等地理空间信息,同时需要输入湖区的水质平均浓度以及校正因子等参数,仅以此举例,不以此为限,在实际应用中根据实际需求设置相应的局部参数。The setting of local parameters mainly considers whether the lake body is partitioned or not. Without partitioning, the entire lake area is a segment. Geospatial information such as the surface area, average depth, characteristic length, and mixed layer depth of the entire lake area needs to be input. Input parameters such as the average concentration of water quality and correction factor in the lake area. This is only an example, not limited to this. In practical applications, set the corresponding local parameters according to actual needs.

(4)支流参数设置(4) tributary parameter setting

支流的参数设置主要考虑的是入湖支流的信息,需要输入的信息包括支流的汇水面积、流量以及支流的TP浓度等,仅以此举例,不以此为限,在实际应用中根据实际需求设置相应的支流参数。The parameter setting of the tributaries mainly considers the information of the tributaries entering the lake. The information to be input includes the catchment area, flow, and TP concentration of the tributaries, etc. This is only an example, not limited to this, in practical applications according to the actual situation The corresponding tributary parameters need to be set.

(5)模型率定验证(5) Model calibration verification

以支流不同浓度水质输入湖区,基于该模型计算湖区的水质浓度,与预设河湖水质观测数据进行对比分析评估,选择相关系数CC和平均相对误差MRE作为模型评估指标,通过对比水质模拟值和标准数据,直到河湖水质响应模型满足精度要求,预设河湖水质观测数据根据实际需求进行相应的选择,在此不做限制。并利用所述河湖水质响应模型计算满足湖泊水质标准条件的河流入湖水质限值。The water quality of different concentrations of tributaries is input into the lake area, and the water quality concentration of the lake area is calculated based on the model, and the comparison analysis and evaluation are carried out with the pre-set river and lake water quality observation data, and the correlation coefficient CC and the average relative error MRE are selected as the model evaluation indicators. Standard data, until the river and lake water quality response model meets the accuracy requirements, the preset river and lake water quality observation data are selected according to actual needs, and there is no limit here. And use the river and lake water quality response model to calculate the river inflow water quality limit that meets the lake water quality standard conditions.

在本发明实施例中,在入湖支流水质限值确定过程中,主要是以湖泊水质标准为目标,设置支流的梯度水质浓度,基于构建的Bathtub模型计算不同情景下的湖泊水质浓度和倒推支流水质浓度,分析满足湖泊各类水质标准条件下的入湖支流的水质限值。如下表所示为入湖支流输入条件与湖区水质浓度结果。当以湖泊水质达标为目标,将支流设置条件(C1~C5)输入模型中,计算湖泊的水质浓度(C11~C51),确定对应的水质类别,与湖泊水质标准对比,分析是否能实现湖泊水质达标,若达标,则确定支流输入浓度为支流水质限值。In the embodiment of the present invention, in the process of determining the water quality limit value of the tributaries entering the lake, the water quality standard of the lake is mainly used as the target, the gradient water quality concentration of the tributaries is set, and the lake water quality concentration under different scenarios is calculated based on the constructed Bathtub model and the backward calculation The water quality concentration of the tributaries is analyzed, and the water quality limits of the tributaries entering the lake under the conditions of various water quality standards of the lake are analyzed. The following table shows the input conditions of the tributaries entering the lake and the results of water quality concentration in the lake area. When the goal is to meet the water quality of the lake, input the tributary setting conditions (C 1 to C 5 ) into the model, calculate the water quality concentration (C 11 to C 51 ) of the lake, determine the corresponding water quality category, and compare it with the lake water quality standard to analyze whether The water quality of the lake can meet the standard. If the standard is met, the input concentration of the tributary is determined as the water quality limit of the tributary.

Figure BDA0003078168160000181
Figure BDA0003078168160000181

Figure BDA0003078168160000191
Figure BDA0003078168160000191

步骤S5:根据各产汇流单元出口水质浓度及河流入湖水质限值,计算各产汇流单元的动态水环境容量及流域的动态水环境容量。Step S5: Calculate the dynamic water environment capacity of each production-convergence unit and the dynamic water environment capacity of the river basin according to the water quality concentration at the outlet of each production-convergence unit and the water quality limit of the river entering the lake.

在本发明实施例中,动态水环境容量模型以产汇流单元为计算基本单元,根据各产汇流单元的动态水环境容量计算流域的动态水环境容量。可以通过分布式水量水质耦合模型,估算动态水环境容量,其中计算单元的上断面入流量、区间产流量、支流入汇量、下断面出流量等水文要素可通过流域分布式水文模型获取。流速可利用流量流速转换关系间接获得。上断面水质浓度、支流入流浓度可通过水量水质耦合模型获得。下断面水质目标及人工取水水质目标以Bathtub模型计算的河流水质限值确定。因此,流域动态水环境容量核算主要以Bathtub模型计算的河流水质限值和流域分布式水量水质耦合模型获得的水量水质作为边界条件,以降雨数据作为驱动,计算动态水环境容量,包括年际变化和年内变化。In the embodiment of the present invention, the dynamic water environment capacity model takes the production-convergence unit as the basic calculation unit, and calculates the dynamic water environment capacity of the basin according to the dynamic water environment capacity of each production-convergence unit. The dynamic water environment capacity can be estimated through the distributed water quantity and water quality coupling model, in which the hydrological elements such as the upper section inflow, the interval runoff, the tributary inflow and the sink, and the lower section outflow of the calculation unit can be obtained through the basin distributed hydrological model. The flow velocity can be obtained indirectly by using the flow velocity conversion relationship. The water quality concentration of the upper section and the tributary inflow concentration can be obtained through the coupled model of water quality and water quality. The water quality target of the lower section and the water quality target of artificial water intake are determined by the river water quality limit calculated by the Bathtub model. Therefore, the dynamic water environment capacity accounting of the basin mainly uses the river water quality limit calculated by the Bathtub model and the water quantity and quality obtained by the distributed water quality and water quality coupling model as the boundary conditions, and the rainfall data as the driving force to calculate the dynamic water environment capacity, including interannual changes. and year-to-year changes.

根据一维水质模型平衡方程,水环境容量可以表达为:According to the one-dimensional water quality model balance equation, the water environment capacity can be expressed as:

Wi=Wp+RiCRi W i =W p +R i C Ri

=Csi(ΔVi+Qi)-Qi-1Ci-1-QaiCai+Cqiqi+Wd =C si (ΔV i +Q i )-Q i-1 C i-1 -Q ai C ai +C qi q i +W d

=(Csi-Ci-1)Qi-1+CsiRi+(Csi-Cai)Qai+(Cqi-Csi)qi+Wd =(C si -C i-1 )Q i-1 +C si R i +(C si -C ai )Q ai +(C qi -C si )q i +W d

将基于一维水质模型估算的计算单元内污染物降解量Wd代入公式上式,则各产汇流单元的动态水环境容量可以表达为:Substituting the pollutant degradation amount W d in the calculation unit estimated based on the one-dimensional water quality model into the formula above, the dynamic water environment capacity of each production and confluence unit can be expressed as:

Figure BDA0003078168160000201
Figure BDA0003078168160000201

其中,K表示污染物降解的速率常数,Csi表示水质限值。where K is the rate constant of pollutant degradation and Csi is the water quality limit.

在一具体实施例中,以中国南方某流域为案例,以典型污染物总磷(TP)为指标,开展流域动态TP水环境动态容量计算。In a specific embodiment, taking a watershed in southern China as an example, and taking the typical pollutant total phosphorus (TP) as an indicator, the dynamic capacity calculation of the water environment of the watershed's dynamic TP is carried out.

(一)基础数据收集处理(1) Basic data collection and processing

针对某流域,收集的数据包括水系分布、污染源空间分布、气象站空间分布、水文水质站空间分布、土地利用、DEM、湖泊面积及特征长度等地理空间数据,点源和点源负荷等污染源数据,河流及湖泊等水质监测数据,河流流量及水位等水文数据和降雨蒸发等气象数据,时间跨度为2009-2018年。For a certain watershed, the collected data includes geospatial data such as water system distribution, spatial distribution of pollution sources, spatial distribution of meteorological stations, spatial distribution of hydrology and water quality stations, land use, DEM, lake area and characteristic length, and pollution source data such as point sources and point source loads. , water quality monitoring data such as rivers and lakes, hydrological data such as river flow and water level, and meteorological data such as rainfall evaporation, with a time span of 2009-2018.

(二)流域分布式水文模型构建(2) Construction of the distributed hydrological model of the watershed

1.产汇流单元划分1. Division of production and confluence units

根据某流域水系、行政区划、土地利用、DEM、水文站点、水质控制断面等基础地理信息数据,基于ARCGIS10.2平台,共划分获得86个产汇流计算单元,确保了每个计算单元都有1-2个水质控制站点控制水质边界。划分计算单元时,综合分析了自然流域的水文产汇流特性以及水生态系统的空间差异性,并考虑了生态系统的流域自然特性,同时可支持叠套行政分区进行流域与行政区域双重尺度转换分析,可作为某流域TP水环境容量的基本计算单元。According to the basic geographic information data such as the water system, administrative division, land use, DEM, hydrological site, water quality control section of a certain basin, and based on the ArcGIS 10.2 platform, a total of 86 calculation units of production and confluence are obtained, ensuring that each calculation unit has 1 - 2 water quality control sites control water quality boundaries. When dividing the calculation unit, it comprehensively analyzes the characteristics of hydrological production and confluence of natural watersheds and the spatial differences of water ecosystems, and considers the natural characteristics of the watersheds of ecosystems. At the same time, it can support overlapping administrative divisions for double-scale conversion analysis of watersheds and administrative regions. , which can be used as the basic calculation unit of TP water environment capacity in a certain watershed.

2.模型率定验证2. Model calibration verification

根据收集到的某流域相关数据,以2009-2018年某流域降雨数据,如图4对主要入湖水文控制站(S1、S2、S3、S4、S5)月径流开展水文模拟,其中2010-2015年为率定期,2016-2018年为验证期。图5(a)-5(e)依次分别为5条支流月径流控制水文站率定期(2010-2015)和验证期(2016-2018)月径流实测值和模拟值径流过程图。According to the collected data of a certain watershed, with the rainfall data of a certain watershed from 2009 to 2018, as shown in Figure 4, a hydrological simulation was carried out on the monthly runoff of the main inflow hydrological control stations (S1, S2, S3, S4, S5), of which 2010-2015 The year is the regular period, and 2016-2018 is the verification period. Figures 5(a)-5(e) are the runoff process diagrams of the measured and simulated monthly runoff values of the five tributaries, respectively, at regular (2010-2015) and verification (2016-2018) monthly runoff rates.

Figure BDA0003078168160000211
Figure BDA0003078168160000211

综合NSE、R2及Bias等模拟效果的判断评估指标,可见,流域分布式水量模型模拟结果均满足径流模拟要求,并显示良好的精度,表明该模型能够模拟某流域水资源的天然分布状况,为进一步开展某流域水质模拟和TP水环境容量核算奠定基础。Based on the judgment and evaluation indicators of the simulation effect such as NSE, R2 and Bias, it can be seen that the simulation results of the distributed water volume model in the basin meet the requirements of runoff simulation and show good accuracy, indicating that the model can simulate the natural distribution of water resources in a certain basin, which is Lay the foundation for further water quality simulation in a certain watershed and TP water environmental capacity accounting.

(三)流域分布式水量水质耦合模型(3) Coupling model of distributed water quantity and water quality in the basin

本发明利用某流域主要水质控制站月总磷浓度数据分别对入湖支流开展水质模拟,选取2015-2017年进行模拟,其中2015-2016年为率定期,2017年为验证期。根据公式计算的率定验证指标,结果如下表所示。图6(a)-(h)为部分水质控制站点率定期(2015-2016)和验证期(2017)月TP浓度实测值和模拟值对比图。The present invention uses the monthly total phosphorus concentration data of a main water quality control station in a certain watershed to carry out water quality simulation of the tributaries entering the lake, and selects 2015-2017 for simulation, wherein 2015-2016 is the regular period, and 2017 is the verification period. According to the calibration verification index calculated by the formula, the results are shown in the following table. Figure 6(a)-(h) shows the comparison between the measured and simulated values of TP concentration in the regular (2015-2016) and verification period (2017) months of some water quality control sites.

Figure BDA0003078168160000221
Figure BDA0003078168160000221

综合考虑模型的评价结果,分布式水量水质耦合模型水质模拟结果良好,在大多数监测断面误差均小于20%,表明该模型适宜于某流域的水质模拟,为进一步开展某流域水环境容量核算奠定基础。Comprehensively considering the evaluation results of the model, the water quality simulation results of the distributed water quantity and water quality coupling model are good, and the errors in most monitoring sections are less than 20%, indicating that the model is suitable for the water quality simulation of a certain river basin, and lays a foundation for the further development of the water environment capacity accounting of a certain river basin. Base.

(四)河湖水质响应模型(4) Response model of river and lake water quality

(1)模型选择(1) Model selection

根据某流域对TP管控要求,在Model Selector界面选择磷二阶模型。模型构建的时间为2014-2018年每年的4-9月份。According to the requirements for TP management and control in a certain watershed, select the phosphorus second-order model on the Model Selector interface. The model construction time is from April to September every year from 2014 to 2018.

(2)全局参数设置(2) Global parameter settings

由于河湖响应关系模型构建时间均为每个月,因此,平均期设置为1/12,即为0.083;不同月份的平均降雨量、蒸发量、平均蓄水深度等按照实际情况输入。Since the construction time of the river-lake response relationship model is every month, the average period is set to 1/12, which is 0.083; the average rainfall, evaporation, and average water storage depth in different months are input according to the actual situation.

(3)局部参数设置(3) Local parameter setting

本发明的河湖水质响应模型不考虑对湖体进行分区,按照不同月份对湖体的物理属性进行统计,包括湖区的表面积、平均深度、特征长度、混合层深度、湖区的TP平均浓度以及校正因子等,按照实际情况输入至模型中。其中校正因子用于模型率定。The water quality response model of the river and lake of the present invention does not consider the division of the lake body, and counts the physical properties of the lake body according to different months, including the surface area, average depth, characteristic length, mixed layer depth, TP average concentration of the lake area and correction of the lake area. Factors, etc., are input into the model according to the actual situation. where the correction factor is used for model calibration.

(4)支流参数设置(4) tributary parameter setting

支流输入的信息包括支流的汇水面积、流量以及支流的TP浓度。The tributary input information includes tributary catchment area, flow rate, and tributary TP concentration.

(5)模型率定验证(5) Model calibration verification

以支流不同TP浓度水质输入湖区,基于该模型计算湖区的TP浓度,与湖区对应监测断面的TP实测值进行对比分析评估,选择相关系数CC和平均相对误差MRE作为模型评估指标,通过对比TP模拟值和实测值,来判断该模型的适用性。模型评估指标相关系数CC和平均相对误差MRE分别为0.99和0.004,模拟过程曲线如图7所示,率定期和验证期R2值分别为0.6772和0.7848,河湖水质响应模型模拟结果良好,表明该模型适宜于某流域的河湖TP模拟,为开展某流域TP水环境容量核算奠定基础。The water quality of the tributaries with different TP concentrations was input into the lake area, and the TP concentration in the lake area was calculated based on the model, and the TP measured values of the corresponding monitoring sections in the lake area were compared, analyzed and evaluated, and the correlation coefficient CC and the average relative error MRE were selected as the model evaluation indicators. value and measured value to judge the applicability of the model. The model evaluation index correlation coefficient CC and the average relative error MRE are 0.99 and 0.004, respectively. The simulation process curve is shown in Figure 7. The R2 values of the regular period and the verification period are 0.6772 and 0.7848, respectively. The simulation results of the river and lake water quality response model are good, indicating that the The model is suitable for TP simulation of rivers and lakes in a certain watershed, and lays the foundation for carrying out TP water environment capacity accounting in a certain watershed.

(五)河流TP限值(5) River TP limit

在入湖支流TP限值确定过程中,主要包括三个步骤,第一是入湖支流执行《地表水环境质量标准》(GB3838-2002)河流TP标准,第二是入湖支流执行《地表水环境质量标准》(GB3838-2002)湖泊TP标准,第三是以湖泊TP标准为目标,设置支流的梯度TP浓度,基于构建的河湖水质响应模型计算不同情景下的湖泊TP浓度和倒推支流TP浓度,分析满足湖泊各类标准条件下的入湖支流的TP限值。In the process of determining the TP limit value of the tributaries entering the lake, it mainly includes three steps. The first is that the tributaries entering the lake implement the "Surface Water Environmental Quality Standard" (GB3838-2002) river TP standard. Environmental Quality Standard (GB3838-2002) lake TP standard, the third is to set the lake TP standard as the goal, set the gradient TP concentration of the tributaries, and calculate the lake TP concentration and backward tributaries under different scenarios based on the constructed river and lake water quality response model TP concentration, analyze the TP limit of the tributaries entering the lake under various standard conditions of the lake.

(3)支流输入梯度TP浓度(3) Tributary input gradient TP concentration

当以湖泊TP达标为目标,将支流设置条件输入模型中,计算湖泊的TP浓度,确定对应的水质类别,与湖泊TP标准对比,分析是否能实现湖泊TP达标,若达标,则表明支流输入浓度为支流TP限值。如下表所示为输入条件和结果,当湖泊TP浓度取《地表水环境质量标准》(GB3838-2002)湖泊I~V类标准限值时,试算的入湖河流TP浓度控制限值为0.02~0.4mg/L,介于湖泊与河流控制限值之间。当湖泊TP浓度取湖泊Ⅲ类标准限值(0.05mg/L)时,计算的入湖河流TP浓度控制限值为0.075mg/L,相当于河流Ⅱ类水质。When the goal of lake TP compliance is set, the tributary setting conditions are input into the model, the TP concentration of the lake is calculated, the corresponding water quality category is determined, and compared with the lake TP standard, it is analyzed whether the lake TP can reach the standard. is the tributary TP limit. The input conditions and results are shown in the table below. When the TP concentration of lakes takes the standard limit of class I-V lakes in the "Surface Water Environmental Quality Standard" (GB3838-2002), the trial calculation limit of TP concentration in the rivers entering the lake is 0.02. ~0.4mg/L, between the lake and river control limits. When the TP concentration of the lake is taken as the standard limit value of class III (0.05mg/L), the calculated TP concentration control limit of the river entering the lake is 0.075mg/L, which is equivalent to the water quality of class II of the river.

Figure BDA0003078168160000241
Figure BDA0003078168160000241

(六)流域动态TP水环境容量(6) Dynamic TP water environment capacity of the watershed

(1)水文频率分析与降雨量分配(1) Hydrological frequency analysis and rainfall distribution

分析某流域各雨量站逐日降水数据,统计获取年降水数据,以国内较常用的皮尔逊Ⅲ型曲线作为理论频率曲线进行频率分析,分别取10%、25%、50%、75%、90%保证率降雨作为特丰、丰水、中水、枯水和特枯水年年降雨量,并对不同保证率下降水展开降水量分配,输入流域分布式水量水质模型后,获取不同保证率条件下水量和水质过程,进而核算水环境容量。The daily precipitation data of each rainfall station in a certain watershed is analyzed, and the annual precipitation data is obtained by statistics. The frequency analysis is carried out with the commonly used Pearson III curve as the theoretical frequency curve, taking 10%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 90% respectively. Guaranteed rate rainfall is used as the annual rainfall of extra-rich, high-water, medium-water, low-water and extra-dry water, and precipitation distribution is carried out for the precipitation with different guarantee rates. After entering the distributed water quality model of the basin, the conditions of different guarantee rates are obtained. The process of sewage quantity and water quality, and then calculate the water environment capacity.

(2)动态TP水环境容量核算(2) Dynamic TP water environment capacity accounting

基于分布式水量水质耦合模型计算的水量水质过程和河湖水质响应模型计算的河流TP限值(0.075mg/l),对流域TP水环境容量进行核算,核算结果包括不同水文年条件下的流域动态水环境容量和年内流域动态水环境容量。不同水文年条件下的流域动态水环境容量计算结果如下表所示,如图8(a)-8(e)所示各流域TP水环境容量年内动态变化曲线。Based on the water quantity and quality process calculated by the distributed water quantity and quality coupled model and the river TP limit (0.075mg/l) calculated by the river and lake water quality response model, the TP water environment capacity of the basin is calculated, and the calculation results include the basin under different hydrological years. Dynamic water environment capacity and annual watershed dynamic water environment capacity. The calculation results of the dynamic water environmental capacity of the watershed under different hydrological years are shown in the following table, and the annual dynamic change curve of the TP water environmental capacity of each watershed is shown in Figures 8(a)-8(e).

Figure BDA0003078168160000251
Figure BDA0003078168160000251

本发明实施例中提供的基于河湖水质限值的流域动态水环境容量计算方法,其中,通过污染负荷分配模型实现了污染源按照时间维度进行动态分配。同时,通过流量流速转换模型将流域分布式水量模型与一维水质模型耦合,将水量和水质进行耦合。通过实测流速数据,完成流域水量水质模型的耦合。由于水质实测数据及预设河湖水质观测数据是实时变化的,同步获取各产汇流单元在不同降雨量条件下的水量水质和水环境容量,实现产汇流单元及流域水环境容量的动态计算。根据河湖水质响应模型得出的结果是河流入湖的水质限值,区别于现有地表水质标准的要求,不同的区域对河流入湖的水质要求不一,根据河湖水质响应模型能够做到定不同区域河流的水质限值,不同于以往基于水质目标和水质标准计算水环境容量。提高了流域水环境容量计算精度,用于河流污染的精细化管控。In the method for calculating the dynamic water environment capacity of a river basin based on the water quality limit of rivers and lakes provided in the embodiment of the present invention, the dynamic distribution of pollution sources according to the time dimension is realized through the pollution load distribution model. At the same time, the distributed water volume model of the basin is coupled with the one-dimensional water quality model through the flow rate conversion model, and the water volume and water quality are coupled. Through the measured flow velocity data, the coupling of water quality and water quality models in the basin is completed. Since the measured water quality data and the preset water quality observation data of rivers and lakes change in real time, the water quality, water quality and water environment capacity of each production-convergence unit under different rainfall conditions are obtained simultaneously, so as to realize the dynamic calculation of the production-convergence unit and the water environment capacity of the basin. The result obtained according to the river and lake water quality response model is the water quality limit of the river entering the lake, which is different from the requirements of the existing surface water quality standards. Different regions have different requirements for the water quality of the river entering the lake. The determination of water quality limits for rivers in different regions is different from the previous calculation of water environment capacity based on water quality targets and water quality standards. The calculation accuracy of the water environment capacity of the basin is improved, and it is used for the refined management and control of river pollution.

实施例2Example 2

本发明实施例提供一种基于河湖水质限值的流域动态水环境容量计算系统,如图9所示,包括:The embodiment of the present invention provides a watershed dynamic water environment capacity calculation system based on river and lake water quality limits, as shown in FIG. 9 , including:

数据获取模块1,用于获取待计算流域水环境预设时间的基础数据,所述基础数据包括:地理空间数据、污染源数据、水质监测数据、水文数据和气象数据;此模块执行实施例1中的步骤S1所描述的方法,在此不再赘述。The data acquisition module 1 is used to acquire the basic data of the preset time of the water environment of the river basin to be calculated, the basic data includes: geospatial data, pollution source data, water quality monitoring data, hydrological data and meteorological data; The method described in step S1 is not repeated here.

流域分布式水文模型构建模块2,用于根据地理空间数据及气象数据,划分待计算流域水环境为若干产汇流单元,基于基础数据构建流域分布式水文模型,根据实测流量数据对流域分布式水文模型进行率定,直到流域分布式水文模型满足精度要求;此模块执行实施例1中的步骤S2所描述的方法,在此不再赘述。The watershed distributed hydrological model building module 2 is used to divide the water environment of the watershed to be calculated into several production and confluence units according to geospatial data and meteorological data, build a watershed distributed hydrological model based on basic data, and analyze the watershed distributed hydrology based on the measured flow data. The model is calibrated until the watershed distributed hydrological model meets the accuracy requirements; this module executes the method described in step S2 in Embodiment 1, which will not be repeated here.

流域分布式水量水质模型构建模块3,用于利用预设转换模型,将流域分布式水文模型与一维水质模型进行耦合,得到流域分布式水量水质模型,根据水质实测数据对流域分布式水量水质模型进行率定,直到流域分布式水量水质模型满足精度要求,并利用所述流域分布式水量水质模型计算各产汇流单元出口水质浓度;此模块执行实施例1中的步骤S3所描述的方法,在此不再赘述。The watershed distributed water quantity and quality model building module 3 is used to couple the watershed distributed hydrological model with the one-dimensional water quality model by using the preset conversion model to obtain the watershed distributed water quantity and quality model, and based on the measured water quality data of the watershed distributed water quality and quality The model is calibrated until the watershed distributed water quantity and quality model meets the accuracy requirements, and the watershed distributed water quantity and quality model is used to calculate the water quality concentration at the outlet of each production and confluence unit; this module executes the method described in step S3 in Embodiment 1, It is not repeated here.

河湖水质响应模型构建模块4,用于利用基础数据构建河湖水质响应模型,根据预设河湖水质观测数据对河湖水质响应模型进行率定,直到河湖水质响应模型满足精度要求,并利用所述河湖水质响应模型计算满足湖泊水质标准条件的河流入湖水质限值;此模块执行实施例1中的步骤S4所描述的方法,在此不再赘述。The river and lake water quality response model building module 4 is used to construct a river and lake water quality response model by using basic data, and calibrate the river and lake water quality response model according to the preset river and lake water quality observation data until the river and lake water quality response model meets the accuracy requirements, and The river and lake water quality response model is used to calculate the river inflow water quality limit that meets the lake water quality standard conditions; this module executes the method described in step S4 in Embodiment 1, and details are not repeated here.

动态水环境容量计算模块5,用于根据各产汇流单元出口水质浓度及河流入湖水质限值,计算各产汇流单元的动态水环境容量及流域的动态水环境容量;此模块执行实施例1中的步骤S5所描述的方法,在此不再赘述。The dynamic water environment capacity calculation module 5 is used to calculate the dynamic water environment capacity of each production and confluence unit and the dynamic water environment capacity of the river basin according to the water quality concentration at the outlet of each production and confluence unit and the water quality limit of the river entering the lake; this module executes Embodiment 1 The method described in step S5 in the above will not be repeated here.

本发明实施例提供一种基于河湖水质限值的流域动态水环境容量计算系统,基于基础数据构建流域分布式水文模型,动态水环境容量模型以产汇流单元为计算基本单元,通过将流域分布式水文模型与一维水质模型进行耦合得到流域分布式水量水质模型,根据流域分布式水量水质模型计算各产汇流单元出口水质浓度;利用基础数据构建河湖水质响应模型,根据预设湖泊水质标准数据对河湖水质响应模型进行率定,并利用所述河湖水质响应模型计算满足湖泊水质标准条件的河流入湖水质限值;根据各产汇流单元出口水质浓度及河流入湖水质限值,计算各产汇流单元及流域的动态水环境容量,提高了河流水环境容量计算的精度,可以估算动态水环境的容量。The embodiment of the present invention provides a system for calculating the dynamic water environment capacity of a river basin based on the water quality limits of rivers and lakes. Based on basic data, a distributed hydrological model of the basin is constructed. The distributed water quantity and quality model of the basin is obtained by coupling the one-dimensional hydrological model with the one-dimensional water quality model. According to the distributed water quantity and quality model of the basin, the water quality concentration at the outlet of each production and confluence unit is calculated; the basic data is used to construct the water quality response model of rivers and lakes, and the water quality standards of the lakes are preset according to the water quality standards of the rivers and lakes. The data is used to calibrate the river and lake water quality response model, and the river and lake water quality response model is used to calculate the river inflow water quality limit that meets the lake water quality standard conditions; Calculate the dynamic water environment capacity of each production-convergence unit and watershed, improve the accuracy of river water environment capacity calculation, and can estimate the dynamic water environment capacity.

实施例3Example 3

本发明实施例提供一种终端,如图10所示,包括:至少一个处理器401,例如CPU(Central Processing Unit,中央处理器),至少一个通信接口403,存储器404,至少一个通信总线402。其中,通信总线402用于实现这些组件之间的连接通信。其中,通信接口403可以包括显示屏(Display)、键盘(Keyboard),可选通信接口403还可以包括标准的有线接口、无线接口。存储器404可以是高速RAM存储器(Random Access Memory,易挥发性随机存取存储器),也可以是非易失性存储器(non-volatile memory),例如至少一个磁盘存储器。存储器404可选的还可以是至少一个位于远离前述处理器401的存储装置。其中处理器401可以执行实施例1中的基于河湖水质限值的流域动态水环境容量计算方法。存储器404中存储一组程序代码,且处理器401调用存储器404中存储的程序代码,以用于执行实施例1中的基于河湖水质限值的流域动态水环境容量计算方法。其中,通信总线402可以是外设部件互连标准(peripheral component interconnect,简称PCI)总线或扩展工业标准结构(extendedindustry standard architecture,简称EISA)总线等。通信总线402可以分为地址总线、数据总线、控制总线等。为便于表示,图10中仅用一条线表示,但并不表示仅有一根总线或一种类型的总线。其中,存储器404可以包括易失性存储器(英文:volatile memory),例如随机存取存储器(英文:random-access memory,缩写:RAM);存储器也可以包括非易失性存储器(英文:non-volatile memory),例如快闪存储器(英文:flash memory),硬盘(英文:harddisk drive,缩写:HDD)或固降硬盘(英文:solid-state drive,缩写:SSD);存储器404还可以包括上述种类的存储器的组合。其中,处理器401可以是中央处理器(英文:centralprocessing unit,缩写:CPU),网络处理器(英文:network processor,缩写:NP)或者CPU和NP的组合。An embodiment of the present invention provides a terminal, as shown in FIG. 10 , including: at least one processor 401 , such as a CPU (Central Processing Unit, central processing unit), at least one communication interface 403 , memory 404 , and at least one communication bus 402 . Among them, the communication bus 402 is used to realize the connection and communication between these components. The communication interface 403 may include a display screen (Display) and a keyboard (Keyboard), and the optional communication interface 403 may also include a standard wired interface and a wireless interface. The memory 404 may be a high-speed RAM memory (Random Access Memory, volatile random access memory), or may be a non-volatile memory (non-volatile memory), such as at least one disk memory. The memory 404 can optionally also be at least one storage device located away from the aforementioned processor 401 . The processor 401 may execute the method for calculating the dynamic water environment capacity of the river basin based on the water quality limit of the river and lake in Embodiment 1. A set of program codes are stored in the memory 404, and the processor 401 calls the program codes stored in the memory 404 for executing the method for calculating the dynamic water environment capacity of the river basin based on the water quality limit of the river and lake in Embodiment 1. The communication bus 402 may be a peripheral component interconnect (PCI for short) bus or an extended industry standard architecture (Extended industry standard architecture, EISA for short) bus or the like. The communication bus 402 can be divided into an address bus, a data bus, a control bus, and the like. For ease of representation, only one line is shown in FIG. 10, but it does not mean that there is only one bus or one type of bus. The memory 404 may include volatile memory (English: volatile memory), such as random-access memory (English: random-access memory, abbreviation: RAM); the memory may also include non-volatile memory (English: non-volatile memory) memory), such as flash memory (English: flash memory), hard disk (English: harddisk drive, abbreviation: HDD) or solid-state drive (English: solid-state drive, abbreviation: SSD); the memory 404 may also include the above types of combination of memory. The processor 401 may be a central processing unit (English: central processing unit, abbreviation: CPU), a network processor (English: network processor, abbreviation: NP), or a combination of CPU and NP.

其中,存储器404可以包括易失性存储器(英文:volatile memory),例如随机存取存储器(英文:random-access memory,缩写:RAM);存储器也可以包括非易失性存储器(英文:non-volatile memory),例如快闪存储器(英文:flash memory),硬盘(英文:hard diskdrive,缩写:HDD)或固态硬盘(英文:solid-state drive,缩写:SSD);存储器404还可以包括上述种类的存储器的组合。The memory 404 may include volatile memory (English: volatile memory), such as random-access memory (English: random-access memory, abbreviation: RAM); the memory may also include non-volatile memory (English: non-volatile memory) memory), such as flash memory (English: flash memory), hard disk (English: hard diskdrive, abbreviation: HDD) or solid-state drive (English: solid-state drive, abbreviation: SSD); the memory 404 may also include the above-mentioned types of memory The combination.

其中,处理器401可以是中央处理器(英文:central processing unit,缩写:CPU),网络处理器(英文:network processor,缩写:NP)或者CPU和NP的组合。The processor 401 may be a central processing unit (English: central processing unit, abbreviation: CPU), a network processor (English: network processor, abbreviation: NP), or a combination of CPU and NP.

其中,处理器401还可以进一步包括硬件芯片。上述硬件芯片可以是专用集成电路(英文:application-specific integrated circuit,缩写:ASIC),可编程逻辑器件(英文:programmable logic device,缩写:PLD)或其组合。上述PLD可以是复杂可编程逻辑器件(英文:complex programmable logic device,缩写:CPLD),现场可编程逻辑门阵列(英文:field-programmable gate array,缩写:FPGA),通用阵列逻辑(英文:generic arraylogic,缩写:GAL)或其任意组合。The processor 401 may further include a hardware chip. The above-mentioned hardware chip may be an application-specific integrated circuit (English: application-specific integrated circuit, abbreviation: ASIC), a programmable logic device (English: programmable logic device, abbreviation: PLD) or a combination thereof. The above-mentioned PLD may be a complex programmable logic device (English: complex programmable logic device, abbreviation: CPLD), a field programmable gate array (English: field-programmable gate array, abbreviation: FPGA), a general array logic (English: generic arraylogic , abbreviation: GAL) or any combination thereof.

可选地,存储器404还用于存储程序指令。处理器401可以调用程序指令,实现如本申请执行实施例1中的基于河湖水质限值的流域动态水环境容量计算方法。Optionally, memory 404 is also used to store program instructions. The processor 401 may invoke program instructions to implement the method for calculating the dynamic water environment capacity of a river basin based on the water quality limit of rivers and lakes as in the first embodiment of the present application.

本发明实施例还提供一种计算机可读存储介质,计算机可读存储介质上存储有计算机可执行指令,该计算机可执行指令可执行实施例1中的基于河湖水质限值的流域动态水环境容量计算方法。其中,所述存储介质可为磁碟、光盘、只读存储记忆体(Read-OnlyMemory,ROM)、随机存储记忆体(Random Access Memory,RAM)、快闪存储器(FlashMemory)、硬盘(Hard Disk Drive,缩写:HDD)或固态硬盘(Solid-State Drive,SSD)等;所述存储介质还可以包括上述种类的存储器的组合。Embodiments of the present invention further provide a computer-readable storage medium, where computer-executable instructions are stored on the computer-readable storage medium, and the computer-executable instructions can execute the dynamic water environment of the river basin based on the water quality limit of rivers and lakes in Embodiment 1 Capacity calculation method. Wherein, the storage medium may be a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a read-only memory (Read-Only Memory, ROM), a random access memory (Random Access Memory, RAM), a flash memory (FlashMemory), a hard disk (Hard Disk Drive) , abbreviation: HDD) or solid-state drive (Solid-State Drive, SSD), etc.; the storage medium may also include a combination of the above-mentioned types of memories.

显然,上述实施例仅仅是为清楚地说明所作的举例,而并非对实施方式的限定。对于所属领域的普通技术人员来说,在上述说明的基础上还可以做出其它不同形式的变化或变动。这里无需也无法对所有的实施方式予以穷举。而由此所引申出的显而易见的变化或变动仍处于本发明创造的保护范围之中。Obviously, the above-mentioned embodiments are only examples for clear description, and are not intended to limit the implementation manner. For those of ordinary skill in the art, changes or modifications in other different forms can also be made on the basis of the above description. There is no need and cannot be exhaustive of all implementations here. However, the obvious changes or changes derived from this are still within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A river and lake water quality limit-based watershed dynamic water environment capacity calculation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring basic data of a watershed to be calculated, wherein the basic data comprises: geospatial data, pollution source data, water quality monitoring data, hydrological data and meteorological data;
dividing a basin to be calculated into a plurality of production convergence units according to geospatial data and meteorological data, constructing a basin distributed hydrological model based on basic data, and calibrating the basin distributed hydrological model according to measured flow data until the basin distributed hydrological model meets the precision requirement;
coupling the basin distributed hydrological model and the one-dimensional water quality model by using a preset conversion model to obtain a basin distributed water quantity and water quality model, calibrating the basin distributed water quantity and water quality model according to water quality actual measurement data until the basin distributed water quantity and water quality model meets the precision requirement, and calculating the outlet water quality concentration of each convergence unit by using the basin distributed water quantity and water quality model;
establishing a river and lake water quality response model by using the basic data, calibrating the river and lake water quality response model according to preset river and lake water quality observation data until the river and lake water quality response model meets the precision requirement, and calculating a river and lake water quality limit value meeting the standard condition of lake water quality by using the river and lake water quality response model;
and calculating the dynamic water environment capacity of each production and confluence unit and the dynamic water environment capacity of the river basin according to the outlet water quality concentration of each production and confluence unit and the river-lake water quality limit value.
2. The method for calculating the watershed dynamic water environment capacity based on the river lake water quality limit value according to claim 1, wherein the preset conversion model comprises: a flow and flow rate conversion model and a pollution load distribution model.
3. The method for calculating the dynamic water environment capacity of the drainage basin based on the river and lake water quality limit value of claim 1, wherein a drainage basin distributed water quantity and water quality model is constructed through a DTVGM model.
4. The method for calculating the watershed dynamic water environment capacity based on the river lake water quality limit value according to claim 3, wherein the degradation amount of pollutants in the unit body comprises: upstream input pollutant degradation amount WdSThe amount of pollutant degradation W fed into the branchdZAmount of point source contaminant degradation WdPAmount of plane-source contaminant degradation WdM
Calculating the degradation amount of pollutants in the unit body respectively by the following formulas:
Figure FDA0003078168150000021
Figure FDA0003078168150000022
Figure FDA0003078168150000023
wherein K represents the rate constant for contaminant degradation, QaijThe flow rate of the jth branch flow is shown; caijThe concentration of the j branch stream pollutants; l isjThe distance from the j-th branch to the end of the river reach from the junction; TL is the total length of the river reach; wdGThe pollutant degradation amount of the sewage discharge outlet is generalized; l isGThe distance between the sewage draining exit and the tail of the river reach is generalized; u is the river average flow rate.
5. The method for calculating the watershed dynamic water environment capacity based on the river and lake water quality limit value according to claim 1, wherein before the step of coupling the watershed distributed hydrological model and the one-dimensional water quality model by using the preset conversion model to obtain the watershed distributed water yield and water quality model, the method further comprises the following steps:
and counting point sources and non-point sources of the watershed to be calculated, and distributing the statistics to each production and convergence unit of the watershed distributed water quantity model.
6. The method for calculating the watershed dynamic water environment capacity based on the river lake water quality limit value according to claim 1, wherein the process of constructing the river lake water quality response model by using basic data comprises the following steps: selecting a corresponding model according to the requirement of the simulation index, and setting the global parameter, the local parameter and the branch parameter of the model to construct a river and lake water quality response model; wherein,
the global parameters include: rainfall, evaporation, water level change and atmospheric external load in the basin range;
the local parameters include: water surface area of lake region, average depth of lake region, depth of mixed layer, turbidity of non-algae and average water quality of lake region;
the tributary parameters included: the flow area of the influent branch, the influent flow rate and the influent water concentration.
7. The method for calculating the dynamic water environment capacity of the river and lake based on the river and lake water quality limit value in the drainage basin according to claim 4, wherein the dynamic water environment capacity of each flow generating and converging unit is calculated through the following formula:
Figure FDA0003078168150000031
wherein K represents the rate constant for contaminant degradation, CsiIndicates the water quality limit.
8. A river lake water quality limit-based watershed dynamic water environment capacity calculation system is characterized by comprising:
the data acquisition module is used for acquiring basic data of the watershed to be calculated, wherein the basic data comprises: geospatial data, pollution source data, water quality monitoring data, hydrological data and meteorological data;
the watershed distributed hydrological model building module is used for dividing a watershed to be calculated into a plurality of production convergence units according to the geospatial data and the meteorological data, building a watershed distributed hydrological model based on the basic data, and calibrating the watershed distributed hydrological model according to the actually-measured flow data until the watershed distributed hydrological model meets the precision requirement;
the watershed distributed water quantity and water quality model building module is used for coupling a watershed distributed hydrological model and a one-dimensional water quality model by using a preset conversion model to obtain a watershed distributed water quantity and water quality model, calibrating the watershed distributed water quantity and water quality model according to water quality actual measurement data until the watershed distributed water quantity and water quality model meets the precision requirement, and calculating the outlet water quality concentration of each convergence unit by using the watershed distributed water quantity and water quality model;
the river and lake water quality response model building module is used for building a river and lake water quality response model by using the basic data, calibrating the river and lake water quality response model according to preset river and lake water quality observation data until the river and lake water quality response model meets the precision requirement, and calculating a river and lake water quality limit value meeting the lake water quality standard condition by using the river and lake water quality response model;
and the dynamic water environment capacity calculation module is used for calculating the dynamic water environment capacity of each production confluence unit and the dynamic water environment capacity of a river basin according to the outlet water quality concentration of each production confluence unit and the river lake-entering water quality limit value.
9. A terminal, comprising: at least one processor and a memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor, wherein the memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor, and the instructions are executed by the at least one processor to cause the at least one processor to execute the method for calculating the dynamic water environmental capacity of the river and lake based on the river and lake water quality limit according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
10. A computer-readable storage medium, wherein the computer-readable storage medium stores computer instructions for causing the computer to execute the method for calculating the dynamic water environment capacity of the river and lake based on the river and lake water quality limit value according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
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