CN108283091A - A kind of pellet type rice planting technology device for raising seedlings and seedling raising manners - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a tray-type rice machine transplanting and seedling raising device and a seedling raising method. The device includes more than one layer of seedbed supports, a water replenishment and fertilizer circulation system composed of a tray, a liquid storage tank, a water pump and a water pipe, and the tray is discharged on the seedbed. The seedling tray is placed in the tray, and the two ends of the tray are provided with a water inlet and a water return port to connect the water inlet and the return pipe respectively. Choose an idle site to assemble a tray-type seedling raising device. The rice seeds will be darkened at the emergence stage, and the seedlings and seedling trays will be moved to the tray on the support seedbed. Quantity absorption, water and fertilizer recycling without waste, high degree of automation, saving labor, reducing labor intensity, not occupying fields, sorting, dismantling and sorting after seedling cultivation, income warehouse, can be used repeatedly, and has strong adaptability and operability.

Description

A tray-type rice machine transplanting and seedling raising device and seedling raising method

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of rice machine transplanting and seedling raising, in particular to a tray-type rice machine transplanting and seedling raising device and a seedling raising method.

Background technique

Rice is the main food crop in China. In 2011, the national rice planting area was about 300 million hectares, accounting for more than 1/4 of the country's grain planting area, and rice production accounted for about 1/3 of the country's total grain output. With the continuous increase of labor costs in my country and the continuous development of modern agricultural operations, rice planting urgently needs to be mechanized, and mechanized transplanting technology is an important part of it. An important development direction of rice planting modernization. At present, my country's machine-transplanting technology has entered the stage of large-scale promotion and application. Jiangsu Province has basically formed a complete set of high-yield cultivation technology system from seedling raising, machine-transplanting operation, and field management. By 2015, the coverage rate of rice machine-transplanting technology has reached 75%. above.

In the early stage of the development of rice machine transplanting technology, small and medium-sized seedlings were widely used at home and abroad. There were problems such as weak seedlings, short planting period, easy aging, easy disease, late sowing, and labor shortage. At present, large seedlings and strong seedlings are mainly used in production. Planting technology, cultivating seedlings with long planting period and strong quality, greatly improved the safety of rice production and the ability to increase production and income. There are several forms of rice machine transplanting technology in production: 1. Seedling cultivation on floppy disks. Lay floppy disks on the prepared seedbed in an orderly manner. Remove the mulch when the leaves are united, and the seedbed management adopts dry or wet seedling raising. 2. Seedling raising with hard disks usually adopts assembly line sowing operations to achieve one-time completion of soil spreading, watering, sowing, and soil covering. The hard disks after sowing are stacked and covered to darken the seedlings. When the seeds emerge, move the hard disks into a flat seedbed. Lay them in an orderly manner, and the later management is the same as "floppy disk seedling raising". 3. The operation of three-dimensional seedling raising in the factory is basically the same as that of "hard disk seedling raising". The difference is that the seedling tray is not moved into the open field after the seedlings are darkened, but placed on the inner support of the sunlight greenhouse to realize three-dimensional seedling raising. 4. Other seedling raising methods.

In rice machine transplanting and seedling raising, especially after large-scale operation, it is necessary to complete high-intensity seedling raising operations in a short period of time. It is necessary to reduce labor intensity, improve the working environment, and reduce the constraints of weather, environment, management level and other factors on the quality of seedling raising. The above-mentioned seedling raising methods can all breed seedlings that meet the requirements of mechanical transplanting, but there are some defects and deficiencies in production practice. For example, all the operation links of "soft disk seedling raising" are carried out in the field, which is restricted by the conditions of the seedling field, weather and other factors, and has high labor intensity and requires a lot of labor. production efficiency, but the field management in the later stage is subject to many constraints like "floppy disk seedling raising" and is time-consuming and labor-intensive, especially when the seedbed is too watery when the seedlings are raised and transplanted, the deformation of the seedlings will seriously affect the quality of the seedlings. At the same time, the field is muddy. The work of transplanting seedlings is extremely difficult. "Factory three-dimensional seedling raising" can turn field labor into indoor factory production. It is an efficient, large-scale, and relatively clean seedling raising method, but it is difficult to be widely promoted due to its large investment and low utilization rate.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a tray-type rice machine transplanting and seedling raising device and a seedling raising method. The seedling raising trays are spread on the frame layer, and the water replenishment and fertilizer circulation system provides the nutrients required for seedling raising, so as to cultivate strong seedlings suitable for mechanical transplanting. Realize the standardization, cleanliness and three-dimensional resource-saving cultivation of rice machine transplanting seedlings in soilless seedbeds.

The present invention is realized through the following technical solutions:

A tray-type rice transplanting and seedling raising device, including a support with more than one layer of seedbeds and seedling trays laid on the seedbeds, and a water and fertilizer replenishment circulation system composed of trays, liquid storage tanks, water pumps and water pipes. The trays are placed on the On the seedbed, the seedling tray is placed in the tray, and the two ends of the tray are provided with a water inlet and a water return port to connect the water inlet and the return pipe respectively. The water pump in the hydrating and fertilizing circulation system is turned on, and the water and fertilizer in the liquid storage tank are transported to the tray. The seedlings in the seedling tray absorb enough water and fertilizer, and the excess water and fertilizer are returned to the liquid storage tank for recycling. Waste, high degree of automation, save labor, reduce labor intensity, and do not occupy fields.

The further improvement of the present invention is that the bracket is a detachable bracket, including a pillar, a side frame, and a pallet beam. The two ends of the beam are locked on the columns opposite to each other. The detachable support can be assembled in a suitable place such as drying yard, field, roadside and other idle areas. The scale is assembled according to the number of seedlings raised.

A further improvement of the present invention is that the pillars and pallet beams are made of angle steel, and the two sides of the pillars are distributed with installation holes at intervals from top to bottom. You can choose high and low installation holes to assemble, and adjust the height of each layer of pallet beams according to your needs to form seedling trays with different layer heights.

The further improvement plan of the present invention is that the two side fixing frames are intersected in an X shape, and the center point of the crossing is screw-locked, and the four ends are respectively screw-locked in the mounting holes on the column. The crossing angle of the X-shaped side frame can be adjusted to adjust the distance between the columns and realize the assembly of different width requirements of the bracket.

A further improvement solution of the present invention is that the pallet beam is connected end-to-end by multiple sections and locked by screws. Splice the pallet beams according to the length requirements of the brackets.

The further improvement of the present invention is that the trays are discharged in pairs by two long sides of a plurality of small rectangular single trays. The single trays are connected successively in the water holes adjacent to the single trays. The path setting of the water flow in the tray is realized by blocking and dredging the water outlets at different positions, so as to meet the needs of different ways of replenishing water and fertilizer.

The further improvement plan of the present invention is that the water channel and the water blocking column are installed in the water passage holes at the same end of the adjacent single trays at intervals, so that the water in each single tray flows in a serpentine shape. This setting makes the water in each single tray flow in a serpentine shape, which is conducive to uniform fertilizer application.

A further improvement solution of the present invention is that cushion blocks of the same height are distributed on the inner bottom wall of the tray, and the cushion blocks support the seedling raising tray. The pads make each tray have the same height water layer, so that the moisture status in each seedling tray is consistent.

The present invention also provides a method for transplanting seedlings by a tray type rice machine, comprising

a. Sowing operation: seed selection and routine treatment, sowing in seedling trays using assembly line operations, stacking and covering, darkening and emergence;

b. Assembling the tray-type seedling raising device: choose a drying field, or a relatively flat field, or an idle site such as the roadside, assemble a support with more than one layer of seedbeds, and replenish water and fertilizers composed of trays, liquid storage tanks, water pumps and water pipes Circulation system, the tray is placed on the seedbed, and the water inlet and the return port are provided at both ends of the tray to connect the water inlet and the return pipe respectively.

c. Laying the seedling tray: the rice seed is darkened and emerges at the needle erection stage, the seedling tray is moved to the tray on the support seedbed and the water pump is turned on, and the tray is replenished with water and fertilizer by the circulation system;

d. Seedling management: The seedling period is mainly based on water management and fertilizer management. Water management is based on the principle of keeping the seedlings in the seedling tray from drought. Every morning or evening, use the water replenishment and fertilizer circulation system to replenish water, and according to weather conditions, The water content in the tray increases or decreases the frequency of water replenishment; fertilizer management is mainly based on nitrogen fertilizer planning. Nitrogen fertilizer can be replenished when the seedlings are about 2.5 leaves or according to the actual situation. Apply the slow-release solid fertilizer quantitatively to the tray; or apply quantitative fertilizer to each seedling tray;

e. Seedling planting: When the seedlings grow to a suitable size, directly take out the seedlings in the seedling tray for mechanical planting;

f. Arranging the tray-type seedling raising device: After the seedling raising is completed, sort the seedling raising trays and trays, disassemble the support, water replenishment and fertilizer circulation system, disassemble and arrange them, and store them in the warehouse.

The further improvement of the present invention is that the trays are discharged in pairs by two long sides of a plurality of small rectangular single trays. In the water hole at the same end adjacent to the single tray, the single trays are connected in turn, and the water in the tray flows in a serpentine shape, which is conducive to uniform fertilizer application, makes the seedlings grow strong and consistent, and is more conducive to organic rice transplanting.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following obvious advantages:

1. Realize lightweight and clean production

The tray-type seedling does not occupy the field seedbed, does not need to work in the muddy seedbed, is not restricted by unfavorable factors in the field, realizes clean management, improves the working environment, and greatly reduces labor intensity, especially in rainy days. At the same time, it can greatly liberate the labor force, and is not subject to the difficulty of raising and moving seedlings caused by the muddy field, and at the same time, it is not affected by the deformation of seedling blocks caused by excessive water in the seedbed, which seriously affects the quality of seedling raising.

2. Realize standardized seedling cultivation

The key to machine-transplanted seedlings lies in the management of water and fertilizers. Tray-type seedlings can achieve precise control of water, quantitative fertilizer delivery, and simple and easy-to-operate management methods, which can greatly reduce the impact of factors such as weather conditions, management personnel quality, and seedbed quality on seedling quality. , to achieve standardized standards for the seedling raising process, to cultivate robust and consistent seedlings suitable for mechanical planting, and to improve the quality and safety of seedling raising.

3. It has the characteristics of resource saving and environmental friendliness

The water and fertilizer of the tray-type seedlings are recycled and precisely controlled, which can save water and fertilizer input, improve resource utilization, and save the input of seedbed land and labor. At the same time, there will be no excessive application of fertilizers and pesticides during the seedling cultivation Water pollution and soil pollution.

4. Strong adaptability and operability

The tray-type seedling raising devices can be assembled and disassembled, and can be adapted to most sites, such as drying yards, fields, roadsides and other idle sites, and assembled according to the scale requirements, and the assembly and disassembly process and seedling management methods are simple and easy to operate. Low personnel requirements and strong operability. After the seedlings are raised, each device can be disassembled and arranged for easy storage.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the device of the present invention.

Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the pillar and the side frame.

Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the pillar and the pallet beam.

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the tray connection structure.

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a single tray structure.

Detailed ways

As shown in Figures 1 to 5, the present invention includes a support 1 with more than one layer of seedbeds and a seedling tray 2 laid on the seedbed, and also includes a water and fertilizer replenishment system consisting of a tray 4, a liquid storage tank 5, a water pump 6 and a water pipe. Circulation system, the tray 4 is placed on the seedbed, the seedling tray 2 is placed in the tray 4, the inner bottom wall of the tray 4 is distributed with pads 43 of the same height, the pads 43 lift the seedling tray 2, and the two ends of the tray 4 are set The water inlet and the water return port are respectively connected to the water inlet pipe 7 and the water return pipe 8 , the water inlet pipe 7 is connected to the liquid storage tank 5 through the water pump 6 , and the water outlet end of the return water pipe 8 is connected to the liquid storage tank 5 .

The support 1 is a detachable support, including a pillar 11, a side support frame 12, and a pallet beam 13. The four pillars 11 are separated from the four corners of the rectangle, and the two ends of the side support frame 12 are locked on the two pillars 11 at the same end. The two ends of the beam 13 are locked on the opposite columns 11, and two parallel pallet beams form a seedbed.

The pillar 11 and the pallet beam 13 are made of angle steel, and the two sides of the pillar 11 are distributed with installation holes 14 at intervals from top to bottom. The two side fixing frames 12 are intersected in an X shape, and their intersecting center points are screw-locked, and their four ends are respectively screw-locked in the mounting holes 14 on the column 11 . In this way, the distance between the two columns can be determined by adjusting the X-shaped cross angle of the side frame to determine the width of the support, and the height of each floor can be positioned by adjusting the height of the pallet beam installed on the column. At the same time, the pallet beam 13 is connected end to end by multiple sections and locked by screws, and the pallet beam can be spliced according to the required length of the bracket.

Described tray 4 is discharged by a plurality of small rectangular single trays 41 long sides that connect two by two, and each single tray is provided with water outlet 42 respectively on the four ends of the long side, and is arranged on the adjacent single tray with water channel 9 and water blocking column 10. The single trays are communicated successively in the water hole 42 of the same. The path setting of the water flow in the tray is realized by blocking and dredging the water outlets at different positions, so as to meet the needs of different ways of replenishing water and fertilizer. One of the ways is that the water channel 9 and the water blocking column 10 are installed in the water hole 1 at the same end of the adjacent single tray at intervals, so that the water in each single tray flows in a serpentine shape, which is conducive to uniform fertilizer application.

The device of the invention is mainly used for cultivating rice machine-transplanted seedlings, and provides a resource-saving cultivation method for rice machine-transplanted seedlings that realizes standardization, cleanliness and three-dimensionalization of soilless seedbeds.

This example adopts seven-inch hard disk for seedling cultivation, the place is a drying yard, and the seedling cultivation device is a double-layer seedbed structure. This embodiment is only to further illustrate the present invention, and does not constitute any form of limitation to the actual protection scope of the present invention.

a. Seeding operation: choose a seven-inch hard disk (23cm×58cm) for the seedling tray, choose rice seeds suitable for local seeds, soak the seeds according to the conventional method, and use Mixian Metalaxyl medicine before sowing according to the mass ratio of the seeds 1:100 Dry after seed dressing. The seedling carrier is selected from the nutrient soil made by fertilizing the plow layer soil after sieving. The assembly line seeding operation is adopted, the seeding density is 85-95g/pan, and the nutrient soil is 3.5-4.0kg/pan. After sowing, the hard disks are stacked and covered with film, and the seedlings emerge by darkening.

b. Assemble the tray-type seedling raising device: assemble a tray-type seedling raising support with a width of 40cm, a length of 600cm, and a height of 130cm on the drying yard, and the height, width and length of the tray beam can also be adjusted as required. The assembled bracket is provided with two layers of seedbeds, the lower seedbed is about 30cm above the ground, and the upper layer of seedbed is about 120cm above the ground. The assembled support structure is stable and does not shake, and the seedbed maintains a horizontal inclination of less than 1‰. Select the seedling tray corresponding to the 7-inch hard disk (the inner diameter of the bottom is 24cm×68cm, and the inner diameter of the upper part is 26cm×70cm), lay it on the seedbed in an orderly manner with its long sides connected, and install it on the tray by arranging the water channel and the water blocking column at intervals In the water holes on both sides, the interconnection of each tray is realized, and at the same time, the water replenishment and fertilizer circulation system is connected. The water inlet of the seedling tray at one end of the seedbed is connected to the water pump by the water inlet pipe, and the outlet of the seedling tray at the other end of the seedbed is connected by the return pipe. The water port is connected with the fluid storage tank.

c. Laying the seedling trays: about 6-7 days after sowing, the darkened rice seeds have emerged (needling stage), and at this time, the seedlings 3 and the seedling trays 2 are moved to the tray 4 on the support. Fill the liquid storage tank with water (you can add soil disinfectants, pest control agents, fertilizers, etc.), turn on the water pump to pump it into the seedling tray, and after the tray is filled with water, return to the liquid storage from the water outlet through the return pipe Tank to achieve circulation, when the tray is filled with water, turn off the water pump. Due to the effect of the pad at the bottom of the tray and the water channel, the water layer of the same height can be stored in each tray and the moisture status in each seedling tray can be consistent.

d. Management during the seedling stage: the seedbed stage is mainly based on water management and fertilizer management. The basic principle of water management is to keep the seedlings in the seedling tray from drought. You can use the water replenishment and fertilizer circulation system to replenish water in the morning every day, and increase or decrease the frequency of water replenishment according to the weather conditions and the moisture situation in the tray. Fertilizer management is mainly based on nitrogen fertilizer operation. Nitrogen fertilizer can be supplemented when the seedlings are about 2.5 leaves or according to the actual situation. The moisture in the tray flows in a serpentine shape, which is conducive to uniform fertilizer application. In addition to providing nutrients for seedlings in this way, the following methods can also be used: ①Slow-release solid fertilizer method, that is, apply a certain amount of slow-release fertilizer in each tray (under the seedling hard disk) to provide nutrients for the entire seedbed stage of the seedlings. However, care should be taken to minimize the impact of water circulation on fertilizers. At this time, the arrangement of the water passages and water blocking columns of the seedling combination tray should be changed so that the water flows in a unilateral direction in the tray. ② Quantitative application by plate, that is, apply a certain amount of solid or liquid fertilizer to each seedling tray during the reasonable topdressing period.

e. Seedling transplanting: When the seedlings grow to a suitable size (generally about 4 leaves at the seedling age and 14-18cm in seedling height), the seedlings are directly taken out of the seedling tray and transported to the field for mechanical transplanting.

f. Arranging the tray-type seedling raising device: After the seedling raising is completed, the seedling raising trays and trays are sorted and stacked, and the bracket device, water replenishment and fertilizer circulation system are disassembled and sorted, and put into the warehouse.

Claims (10)

1. A tray-type rice transplanting and seedling raising device, comprising a support (1) with more than one layer of seedbed and a seedling tray (2) placed on the seedbed, characterized in that: it also includes a tray (4), a liquid storage tank (5), water pump (6) and water pipes constitute a hydrating and fertilizing circulation system, the tray (4) is placed on the seedbed, the seedling tray (2) is placed in the tray (4), and the two ends of the tray (4) are provided with water inlets Connect the water inlet pipe (7) and the return pipe (8) to the water return port respectively, the water inlet pipe (7) is connected to the liquid storage tank (5) through the water pump (6), and the water outlet end of the return water pipe (8) is connected to the liquid storage tank (5) . 2. A tray-type rice transplanting and seedling raising device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the support (1) is a detachable support, including a pillar (11), a side frame (12), a tray beam (13), the four pillars (11) are separated at the four corners of the rectangle, the two ends of the side frame (12) are locked on the two pillars (11) at the same end, and the two ends of the pallet beam (13) are locked on the opposite ends On the column (11), two parallel pallet beams form a seedbed. 3. A tray-type rice transplanting and seedling raising device according to claim 2, characterized in that: the pillars (11) and pallet beams (13) are made of angle steel, and the two sides of the pillars (11) are separated from top to bottom Distribute mounting holes (14). 4. The device for transplanting seedlings and raising seedlings of a tray-type rice machine according to claim 3, characterized in that: two side fixing frames (12) intersect in an X shape, and the center point of the intersection is screw-locked, and its four ends are respectively screw-locked Be fixed in the mounting hole (14) on the column (11). 5. A tray-type rice transplanting and seedling raising device according to claim 2, characterized in that: the tray beam (13) is connected end-to-end by multiple sections and locked by screws. 6. A kind of tray-type rice transplanting and seedling raising device according to claim 1, characterized in that: said tray (4) is discharged in pairs by a plurality of small rectangular single trays (41) long sides, each single The four ends of the long sides of the pallet are respectively provided with water outlets (42), and the single pallets are connected successively in the water holes (42) of the adjacent single pallets with the water channels (9) and the water blocking columns (10). 7. A kind of tray-type rice transplanting and seedling raising device according to claim 6, characterized in that: the water passage (9) and the water-blocking column (10) are installed in the water passage holes ( In 1), the water in each single tray is made to flow in a serpentine shape. 8. A kind of tray-type rice transplanting and seedling raising device according to claim 1, characterized in that: pads (43) of equal height are distributed on the inner bottom wall of the tray (4), and pads (43) support Lift the seedling tray (2). 9. A method for transplanting seedlings by a tray type rice machine, comprising a. Sowing operation: seed selection and routine treatment, sowing in seedling trays using assembly line operations, stacking and covering, darkening and emergence; It is characterized by: b. Assembling the tray-type seedling raising device: select an idle site such as a drying field, a relatively flat ground, or a roadside, and assemble a support (1) with more than one layer of seedbeds, and a tray (4) and a liquid storage tank (5) , water pump (6) and water pipes to replenish water and fertilizer circulation system, the tray (4) is placed on the seedbed, and the two ends of the tray (4) are provided with a water inlet and a water return port respectively connected to the water inlet pipe (7) and the water return pipe (8), The water inlet pipe (7) is connected to the liquid storage tank (5) through the water pump (6), and the water outlet end of the return pipe (8) is connected to the liquid storage tank (5); c. Laying the seedling tray: the rice seed is darkened and emerges at the needle erection stage, the seedling tray is moved to the tray on the support seedbed, and the water pump is turned on, and the tray is replenished with water and fertilizer by the circulating system; d. Seedling management: The seedling period is mainly based on water management and fertilizer management. Water management is based on the principle of keeping the seedlings in the seedling tray from drought. Every morning or evening, use the water replenishment and fertilizer circulation system to replenish water, and according to weather conditions, The water content in the tray increases or decreases the frequency of water replenishment; fertilizer management is mainly based on nitrogen fertilizer planning. Nitrogen fertilizer can be replenished when the seedlings are about 2.5 leaves or according to the actual situation. Apply the slow-release solid fertilizer quantitatively to the tray; or apply quantitative fertilizer to each seedling tray; e. Seedling planting: When the seedlings grow to a suitable size, directly take out the seedlings in the seedling tray for mechanical planting; f. Arranging the tray-type seedling raising device: After the seedling raising is completed, sort the seedling raising trays and trays, disassemble the support, water replenishment and fertilizer circulation system, disassemble and arrange them, and store them in the warehouse. 10. A method for transplanting seedlings with a tray-type rice machine according to claim 9, characterized in that: the trays (4) are discharged in pairs by a plurality of small rectangular single trays (41) long sides, each single tray The four ends of the long side of the tray are respectively provided with water outlets (42), and the water passages (9) and the water blocking columns (10) are arranged in intervals in the water holes (42) of the same ends of the adjacent single trays, so that the single trays are connected successively. The water in the tray flows in a serpentine shape.