CN108260420A - Viaduct hangs case greening method for planting - Google Patents
Viaduct hangs case greening method for planting Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
The present invention provides viaducts to hang case greening method for planting, is related to afforesting planting technique field, step is as follows：(1) planting matrix, the component and its volume ratio that planting matrix includes are：Loam：Humus：Turf：Decomposed manure：Water-retaining agent=4:3~2.5:3~2.5:0.5:0.01；(2) it is 0.053cm to select volume3Extension case；(3) plant setting；Select the cup seedling of cold-resistant xylophyta that seedling-raising cup cultivates 12 years；(4) it trims；(5) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control；The sprinkling pre- bacteriological protection class disease of Bordeaux mixture is selected, powdery mildew early stage selects 56% Bravo aqueous emulsion, 600 800 times of liquid；Select 40% state's light a red-spotted lizard that must control 1,500 2000 times of liquid prevention coccids of missible oil；(6) it irrigates and applies fertilizer, installation trickle irrigation maintenance pipeline is irrigated and applied fertilizer, and different phase applies composite fertilizer, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, Enteromorpha fertilizer respectively；(7) overwinter management；Water-retaining agent is buried before entering the winter；Water of turning green is poured after the beginning of spring in time, sprays antifreezing agent.There is the present invention woody hardy plant can hang well-grown advantageous effect in case.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to greening planting technique field, especially viaducts to hang case greening method for planting.
Background technology
Grade separation greening is a kind of common greening mode, by the Hanging virescence planting container on the outside of viaduct, and
Planting plants in container play decoration and the effect of purification viaduct surrounding air.The container of viaduct planting technique at present is general
To hang case, due to the extension earth-free gas of case, the water, fertile retention time in case in soil are short, are unfavorable for plant growth, so usually choosing
Use annual herb plant.And viaduct heavy traffic automobile generate vibrations, tail gas be unfavorable for plant growth；Periphery is unobstructed
Object, wind-force are big；Sunshine is strong, and day and night temperature is big, extreme climate easily occurs；During grade separation planting technique, vibrations, tail gas have been concentrated
Pollution, strong wind, high temperature, arid, extreme low temperature etc. are many to be unfavorable for plant-growth factor, is extremely unfavorable for plant growth, at present
Peninsula hangs case greening usually using annual herb plants such as heartsease, petunia, flame nettle and collards, due to vertical
The drawbacks of handing over greening in order to reach expected decoration and clean-up effect, needs replacement in 1 year multiple, time-consuming and laborious, and can not
Ensure winter landscape effect, therefore grade separation greening cost is caused to remain high.
Invention content
The present invention provides viaduct hang case greening method for planting, solve in the prior art several times a year replace hang case with
Greening is of high cost caused by green plants, it is short to hang the soil liquid manure retention time in case, it is impossible to the technical issues of adapting to winter climate.
To achieve these goals, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that：Include the following steps：
(1) planting matrix matrix；By all components of planting matrix according to volumes below than uniformly mixing：Loam：Humic
Matter：Turf：Decomposed manure：Water-retaining agent=4:3~2.5:3~2.5:0.5:0.01；
(2) case is hung to prepare；Ecological water storage greening box is selected to be afforested as viaduct and hangs case, the extension case volume is
0.053m3；
(3) xylophyta is transplanted；Seedling-raising cup is selected to cultivate the cup seedling of the cold-resistant xylophyta of 1-2 as greening seedling；
The tamping of 10cm thickness planting matrix is filled out in extension case described in step (2) to compress, and is planted into the cup seedling, adjustment cup seedling position, backfill kind
Phytyl matter cover cup seedling soil ball 1cm, compacting, planting matrix distance hangs box top edge 2-3cm after compacting；
Make to spend all glasss of seedlings in case that the low configuration of intermediate high surrounding is presented, the full form of branches and leaves is presented in FCL plant,
Avoid the formation of irregular situation；
(4) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control；Spring has set in 160 times of equivalent formula Bordeaux mixture of early spray spray 1 time later every half a month, even spray 3
Secondary pre- bacteriological protection class disease；Controlling powdery mildew：Early stage sprays 56% 600-800 times of liquid of Bravo aqueous emulsion comprehensively；A red-spotted lizard shell
Worm prevents：It was found that during insect pest, 1500-2000 times of liquid of missible oil must be controlled by spraying 40% state's light a red-spotted lizard in discovery position, not dripped with squirting
For degree, medication in 7-10 days is primary, continuous use 2-3 times；
(5) it irrigates and applies fertilizer
Trickle irrigation maintenance pipeline is installed, is irrigated and is applied fertilizer by water dropper；Fertilization type includes composite fertilizer, biphosphate
Potassium, 3 kinds of Enteromorpha fertilizer；Late spring, summer and autumn use composite fertilizer 3~5 times respectively, and top dressing 1 time after heavy rain, composite fertilizer presses with water
1:800~1200 times of dilution proportions, with reference to trickle irrigation maintenance pipeline application；
In xylophyta squaring period, non-1~2 time of application of phosphoric acid potassium dihydrogen, the potassium dihydrogen phosphate presses 1 with water:1000~
1500 times of dilution proportions, with reference to trickle irrigation maintenance pipeline application；Promote bud differentiation, plant takes root.
After xylophyta cup transplantation of seedlings, late spring and autumn end respectively apply 1 Enteromorpha fertilizer, the Enteromorpha fertilizer presses 1 with water:500 times
Dilution proportion, with reference to trickle irrigation maintenance pipeline application；Enteromorpha fertilizer contains marine algae extract, can improve plant resistance, promotes plant life
Root；
(6) overwinter management
Before entering the winter, when daily minimal tcmperature is stablized less than 5 DEG C, water-retaining agent is buried, it is each to hang 3~5g of case, the water-retaining agent leaching
Case is hung in dispersion embedment after water saturation, pours freeze-up water 1 time, irrigated completely as degree；
After the beginning of spring, Changes in weather and vegetative state are paid close attention in the big drying of wind, and when daily mean temperature is at 5 degree or more, plant sprouts
Dynamic initial stage pours the water 1~2 time of turning green in time, and even irrigate is poured in guarantee；
Late fall or early spring spray antifreezing agent according to weather condition, frost or cold wave arrive before 3-7 days；Before Early-spring plant germination
Afterwards, SPRING WHEAT BEFORE AND AFTER FLOWERING；It is prominent to meet low temperature frosty weather, antifreezing agent need to be applied before and after freeze injury occurs and sprayed 2-3 times, per minor tick 10-15
My god, antifreezing agent presses 1 with water：500-800 times of dilution proportion.
Viaduct winter temperature is lower compared with surface temperature, and wind is big, and the stress level generated to plant is strong, therefore in daily pipe
Manage it is ready-made under the premise of, winter management be the key that viaduct hang box planting object can be smoothly overwintering.With reference to winter feature, design
It is suitble to the overwinter management mode of cold-resistant xylophyta, avoids selecting the winter occurred during annual herb plant without landscape effect
Situation plays the effect of grade separation greening.
As further preferred, the loam, humus, turf, decomposed manure, the volume ratio of water-retaining agent is 4:3:
2.5:0.5:0.01。
As further preferably, the loam is uniformly mixed by suitable sticking grain, powder, sand grains and is obtained, the humic
Matter refers to the colloidal substance with certain fertilizer point of generation of the organic matters such as peanut shell, rice husk, brush wood particle through decomposed processing,
The turfy soil be Mire development product, the content of organic matter ＞ 30% of the turfy soil, 0.7-1.05g/cm of proportion3, pH value
It is 5.5~6.5；The decomposed manure is that various fresh livestock wastes and gasket materials are mixed to form；The water-retaining agent is high
Water-absorbing resins.
The loam has the advantages of clay and sand concurrently, and venting and water permeable, water conservation heat-insulating property are all preferable, are planting matrixs
Main carriers；Humus has the cohesiveness of appropriateness, can make that clay is loose, and sand coheres, and is to form crumb structure good
Cementing agent can enhance the water retention of matrix, be provided for a long term nutrient needed for plant growth；Turfy soil is Mire development product, is had
For machine matter content more than 30%, quality is soft to be easy to fragmentary, mostly in brown or black, have it is flammable and inspiratory, at this
Water conservation permeation functions are primarily served in proportioning, improve planting matrix, improve stress resistance of plant；Decomposed manure is selected various new
Fresh livestock waste and gasket materials are mixed to form, and decomposed manure is needed in banking process through the effect of microorganism, decomposed
The nutrient and humic substance of crop availability status are decomposed into, is primarily served in this proportioning and plant offer nutrient is provided
Effect, water-retaining agent uses super absorbent resin, nontoxic, releases water, water suction repeatedly, moreover it is possible to absorb fertilizer, pesticide and delay
On The Drug Release increases fertilizer efficiency, drug effect.The prepared plantation of the present invention can meet the nutrient needed for xylophyta annual growth, carry
The resistance of high xylophyta is suitable for winter climate feature, i.e., when winter temperature reaches subzero 13 DEG C, grade separation gasification xylophyta
Can normal growth, play landscape function.
As further preferably, the cup seedling well developed root system is thick with leaves, plant height 50-80cm, there are three above for tool
Branch, branch point are less than 15cm.
Through test of many times, when branch point is less than 15cm, it is more conducive to form dense hedgerow, landscape effect is good.
As further preferably, the method for planting further include trimming, spring and florescence to the excessively prosperous branch of growing way into
Row trimming determines branch height according to place situation, and general control needs to take the anti-falling stop of fixation when necessary in 50-100cm
It falls or branch tangles.
To prevent seedling growth excessively high, periodically the excessively prosperous branch of growing way is trimmed, removes apical dominance, promotes side shoot
Growth makes tree crown dense neat；It removes dead twigs and withered leaves, promotes New shoot growth and flower bud development.
As further preferably, the sprinkling irrigation water dropper selects pressure-compensating water dropper.
The pressure differential generated by pressure-compensating water dropper balance by viaduct height difference accomplishes that feedwater is uniform, water-saving fertilizer-saving, drop
Low sprinkling irrigation cost.
As further preferably, the size for hanging case is long 630mm, wide 280mm, high 300mm.
Beneficial effects of the present invention：Ensure woody aithullium normal growth on viaduct, and safe overwintering, it is comprehensive into
Motility rate is more than 90%.It can ensure that viaduct has good landscaping effect throughout the year, replace 4 times or more draft flowers none year
The manpower and materials that grass generates effectively save grade separation greening cost；With Enteromorpha fertilizer, stress resistance of plant is improved.
Specific embodiment
The embodiment of the present invention is described below, it is clear that described embodiment is only part of the embodiment of the present invention,
Instead of all the embodiments.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art are not making creative labor
All other embodiments obtained under the premise of dynamic, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
Viaduct hangs case greening method for planting, and step is as follows：
1) planting matrix prepares
Planting matrix is by the materials such as loam, humus, turf, decomposed manure, water-retaining agent by volume 4:3:2.5:
0.5:0.01 is uniformly mixed.
Loam refers to the soil that sticking grain, powder, sand grain content are moderate in soil particle composition, has the excellent of clay and sand concurrently
Point；Humus refers to the glue with certain fertilizer point of generation of the organic matters such as peanut shell, rice husk, brush wood particle through decomposed processing
Body substance；Sufficient comprehensive nutrition for plant growth can be provided, improve matrix structure.Turfy soil is Mire development product, is had
Machine matter content is more than 30%, and quality is soft to be easy to fragmentary, 0.7~1.05g/cm of proportion3, mostly in brown or black, have
Flammable and inspiratory, pH value is generally 5.5~6.5.Water conservation permeation functions are primarily served in this proportioning, improve planting matrix
Matter, the structure of Optimization Planting matrix improve stress resistance of plant.
Decomposed manure refers to various fresh livestock wastes and the fertilizer that gasket materials are mixed to form, and needs in banking process
In pass through the effect of microorganism, the decomposed nutrient and humic substance for being decomposed into crop availability status.It is main in this proportioning
Play the role of being continuously plant offer nutrient.Decomposed method is conventional decomposed to select：Fermentation is banked up under aeration condition, is fermented
Temperature is controlled at 50~60 DEG C, 15 days or so.
Water-retaining agent uses super absorbent resin, nontoxic, release repeatedly water, water suction, moreover it is possible to absorb fertilizer, pesticide,
And slow release, increase fertilizer efficiency, drug effect.
2) case is hung to prepare
The ecological water storage greening box of selection makees viaduct greening and hangs case, and Commonly Used Size is long 630mm or so, wide 280mm or so,
High 300mm or so, volume 0.053m3.
3) it transplants
It selects by the use of the cup seedling of seedling-raising cup cultivation 1-2 as greening seedling, nursery stock requirement growing way is healthy and strong, well developed root system, branch
It is full of leaves close, plant height 50-80cm, the branch of tool three or more, below branch point 15cm.
The tamping of 10cm thickness planting matrix is filled out in flower case to compress, and is planted into a glass seedling, process pays attention to protection root system of plant in the middle.Adjustment
Seedling position makes intermediate high surrounding low, is that the full form of branches and leaves is presented in FCL plant.Avoid the formation of irregular situation.It returns
Planting matrix is filled out to seedling soil ball 1cm is covered, compacting, native surface distance spends box top edge 2-3cm after compacting.
It is respectively Euonymus japonicus, winter jasmine and gold leaf common bluebeard that three kinds of xylophytas, which are selected, as greening seedling, is combined into two kinds of plants
Object is arranged in pairs or groups, combination 1：Euonymus japonicus and winter jasmine, combination 2：Euonymus japonicus and gold leaf common bluebeard.
4) it trims
To prevent seedling growth excessively high, periodically the excessively prosperous branch of growing way is trimmed, removes apical dominance, promotes side shoot
Growth makes tree crown dense neat, and branch height is controlled between 80-100cm.
Trimming is concentrated after spring and florescence, is removed dead twigs and withered leaves, promotes New shoot growth and flower bud development.
5) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
Common disease and pest is powdery mildew and coccid.
Bacterium class prevention of damage by disease：Spring has set in 160 times of equivalent formula Bordeaux mixture of early spray spray 1 time later every half a month, even spray
3 times.
Controlling powdery mildew：Early stage sprays 56% 600-800 times of liquid of Bravo aqueous emulsion comprehensively.
Coccid is prevented：It was found that during insect pest, 1500-2000 times of liquid of missible oil must be controlled by spraying 40% state's light a red-spotted lizard at discovery position,
It is not dripped for degree with squirting, medication in 7-10 days is primary, continuous use 2-3 times.
6) it irrigates and applies fertilizer
In viaduct installation trickle irrigation maintenance pipeline, the pressure generated by pressure-compensating water dropper balance by viaduct height difference
Difference accomplishes that feedwater is uniform, water-saving fertilizer-saving.
Main fertilization type includes 3 kinds of composite fertilizer, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, Enteromorpha fertilizer etc..
Late spring, summer and autumn are given with composite fertilizer 3~5 times, and top dressing 1 time is answered after heavy rain, 1 is pressed with water：800-
1200 times of dilution proportions, with reference to trickle irrigation maintenance pipeline application.
In flowering plant squaring period, application of phosphoric acid dihydro potash fertilizer 1~2 time presses 1 with water：1000-1500 times of dilution proportion,
With reference to trickle irrigation maintenance pipeline application.
After transplanting, late spring and autumn end respectively apply 1 Enteromorpha fertilizer, press 1 with water:500 times of dilution proportions are conserved with reference to trickle irrigation and are managed
It applies in road.
7) overwinter management
Viaduct winter temperature is lower compared with surface temperature, and wind is big, and the stress level generated to plant is strong, therefore in daily pipe
Manage it is ready-made under the premise of, winter management be the key that viaduct hang box planting object can be smoothly overwintering.
Before entering the winter, when daily minimal tcmperature is stablized less than 5 DEG C, water-retaining agent is buried, is disperseed after each extension case 3~5g immersion saturations
Case is hung in embedment, pours freeze-up water 1 time, irrigated completely as degree.
After the beginning of spring, Changes in weather and vegetative state are paid close attention in the big drying of wind, and when daily mean temperature is at 5 degree or more, plant sprouts
Dynamic initial stage pours the water 1~2 time of turning green in time, and even irrigate is poured in guarantee.
Late fall or early spring spray antifreezing agent according to weather condition, frost or cold wave arrive before 3-7 days；Before Early-spring plant germination
Afterwards, SPRING WHEAT BEFORE AND AFTER FLOWERING；It is prominent to meet low temperature frosty weather, antifreezing agent need to be applied before and after freeze injury occurs and sprayed 2-3 times, per minor tick 10-15
My god, antifreezing agent presses 1 with water：500-800 times of dilution proportion.
Embodiment 2
Difference lies in planting matrix is by loam, humus, turf, decomposed manure, water conservation with embodiment 1 for embodiment 2
The materials such as agent by volume 4:2.5:3:0.5:0.01 is uniformly mixed.
Embodiment 3
Difference lies in planting matrix is by loam, humus, turf, decomposed manure, water-retaining agent with implementing 1 for embodiment 3
Wait materials by volume 4:2.8:2.6:0.5:0.01 is uniformly mixed.
Experimental example
1. sample plot selects
Two neighbouring viaducts of Qingdao of Shandong province, A viaducts and B viaducts.
2. plant and observation
On April 12nd, 2016, A viaducts side uses the greening method for planting of embodiment 1, as experimental group 1, A grade separations
Bridge opposite side uses the greening method for planting of embodiment 2, and as experimental group 2, B viaducts side is planted with the greening of embodiment 3
Plant method, as experimental group 3, the flower case of B viaduct opposite sides is divided into two groups, selects conventional herbage flower respectively in
Magnificent ivy, with conventional greening method for planting, respectively as control group 1 and control group 2.
Experimental group 1-3 and control group 1-2 selects the pouring mode of identical pouring mode, i.e. In The Area of Qingdao routine, into
Row greening plant contrast experiment, experiment periods record the growing state of both sides green plants, and plant replaces situation, real during maintainer
Cut-off is tested on May 7th, 2017.Experimental result is shown in Table 1.
The greening plant contrast and experiment of table 1
Conventional viaduct planting technique, that is, control group 1, experiment periods are interior to be replaced 4 times, and maintenance cost is high, and curing time is up to
367 hours, maintenance cost was high, and survival rate is high, can not be overwintering.What control group 2 was selected is conventional greening method for planting, is planted
Be xylophyta, but since matrix water conservation, fertilizer-preserving ability are poor, it is still necessary to constantly replace flower case, survival rate is compared with control group 1
It is high, hence it is evident that less than experimental group 1-3, winter cabbage is poor, and growing way is not so good as experimental group 1-3.
In conclusion the greening method for planting of embodiment 1-3, has curing time short, maintenance is convenient, and replacement frequency is low,
Can safe overwintering advantage.Average survival reaches more than 90%, reduces viaduct greening plant, maintenance cost.Experimental group can
Safe overwintering, when ensureing winter, viaduct stills provide good landscape effect, increases green percentage, conducive to environmental protection.Matrix
Water holding capacity, fertilizer-preserving ability are strong.
The upper only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all spirit in the present invention
Within principle, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. viaduct hangs the method for planting of case greening, which is characterized in that includes the following steps：
(1) prepare planting matrix matrix；By all components of planting matrix according to volumes below than uniformly mixing, loam：Humic
Matter：Turf：Decomposed manure：Water-retaining agent=4:3~2.5:3~2.5:0.5:0.01；
(2) case is hung to prepare；Ecological water storage greening box is selected to be afforested as viaduct and hangs case, the extension case volume is 0.053m3；
(3) xylophyta is transplanted；Seedling-raising cup is selected to cultivate the cup seedling of the cold-resistant xylophyta of 1-2 as greening seedling；Step
(2) tamping of 10cm thickness planting matrix is filled out in the extension case described in compress, and is planted into the cup seedling, is backfilled planting matrix cover cup seedling soil ball
1cm, compacting, planting matrix distance hangs box top edge 2-3cm after compacting；
(4) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control；Bacterium class disease control：Spring has set in 160 times of equivalent formula Bordeaux mixture of early spray, later every half a month
Spray 1 time, even spray 3 times；Controlling powdery mildew：Early stage sprays 56% 600-800 times of liquid of Bravo aqueous emulsion comprehensively；Coccid
Prevention：It was found that during insect pest, in finding that position sprays 40% state's light a red-spotted lizard and must control 1500-2000 times of liquid of missible oil, with squirt do not drip for
Degree, medication in 7-10 days is primary, continuous use 2-3 times；
(5) it irrigates and applies fertilizer
Trickle irrigation maintenance pipeline is installed, is irrigated and is applied fertilizer by water dropper；Fertilization type includes composite fertilizer, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, waterside
3 kinds of tongue fertilizer；Late spring, summer and autumn use composite fertilizer 3~5 times respectively, and top dressing 1 time after heavy rain, composite fertilizer presses 1 with water:800
~1200 times of dilution proportions, with reference to trickle irrigation maintenance pipeline application；
In xylophyta squaring period, non-1~2 time of application of phosphoric acid potassium dihydrogen, the potassium dihydrogen phosphate presses 1 with water:1000~1500
Times dilution proportion, with reference to trickle irrigation maintenance pipeline application；
After xylophyta cup transplantation of seedlings, late spring and autumn end respectively apply 1 Enteromorpha fertilizer, the Enteromorpha fertilizer presses 1 with water:500 times of ratios
Dilution, with reference to trickle irrigation maintenance pipeline application；
(6) overwinter management
Before entering the winter, when daily minimal tcmperature is stablized less than 5 DEG C, water-retaining agent is buried, each to hang 3~5g of case, the water-retaining agent immersion is full
Case is hung with rear dispersion embedment, pours freeze-up water 1 time, irrigated completely as degree；
After the beginning of spring, Changes in weather and vegetative state are paid close attention in the big drying of wind, and when daily mean temperature is at 5 degree or more, plant sprouts just
Phase pours the water 1~2 time of turning green in time, and even irrigate is poured in guarantee；
Late fall or early spring spray antifreezing agent according to weather condition, frost or cold wave arrive before 3-7 days；Before and after Early-spring plant germination,
SPRING WHEAT BEFORE AND AFTER FLOWERING；It is prominent to meet low temperature frosty weather, antifreezing agent need to be applied before and after freeze injury occurs and sprayed 2-3 times, every minor tick 10-15 days,
Antifreezing agent presses 1 with water：500-800 times of dilution proportion.
2. viaduct according to claim 1 hangs case greening method for planting, which is characterized in that the loam, humus, grass
Charcoal, decomposed manure, the volume ratio of water-retaining agent is 4:3:2.5:0.5:0.01.
3. viaduct according to claim 1 hangs case greening method for planting, which is characterized in that the loam is by suitable glutinous
Grain, powder, sand grains are uniformly mixed and obtain, and the humus refers to refer to the organic matters such as peanut shell, rice husk, brush wood particle through decomposed
The colloidal substance with certain fertilizer point of the generation of processing, the turfy soil are Mire development product, the turfy soil it is organic
Matter content ＞ 30%, 0.7~1.05g/cm of proportion3, pH value is 5.5~6.5；The decomposed manure is various fresh animal manure
Urine and gasket materials are mixed to form；The water-retaining agent is super absorbent resin.
4. the viaduct according to Claims 2 or 3 hangs case greening method for planting, which is characterized in that the cup seedling root system hair
It reaches, is thick with leaves, plant height 50-80cm, for tool there are three more than branch, branch point is less than 15cm.
5. viaduct according to claim 4 hangs case greening method for planting, which is characterized in that the method for planting further includes
Trimming, periodically trims the excessively prosperous branch of growing way, determines branch height according to place situation, general control is in 50-
100cm, needs to take when necessary that fixation prevents from falling or branch tangles.
6. viaduct according to claim 4 hangs case greening method for planting, which is characterized in that the sprinkling irrigation water dropper selects pressure
Force compensating water dropper.
7. viaduct according to claim 6 hangs case greening method for planting, which is characterized in that the size for hanging case is length
630mm, wide 280mm, high 300mm.
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