CN108202690B - 约束系统 - Google Patents

约束系统 Download PDF

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CN108202690B
CN108202690B CN201711319612.7A CN201711319612A CN108202690B CN 108202690 B CN108202690 B CN 108202690B CN 201711319612 A CN201711319612 A CN 201711319612A CN 108202690 B CN108202690 B CN 108202690B
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side curtain
cushion
inflator
edge
restraint system
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CN108202690A (zh
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迪帕克·帕特尔
邓志兵
路易斯·恩里克·卡斯蒂略·杰米
南德·科克哈尔
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Ford Global Technologies LLC
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Abstract

一种约束系统包括侧面气帘、帆状面板和辅助缓冲垫。侧面气帘可充气到充气位置并且具有顶部边缘、底部边缘和从顶部边缘延伸到底部边缘的前部边缘。帆状面板从前部边缘延伸。辅助缓冲垫可充气到充气位置，并且沿远离底部边缘和前部边缘朝向顶部边缘的方向呈纵长形。

Description

约束系统
技术领域
本发明涉及车辆技术领域，具体涉及约束系统。
背景技术
如车辆的机动车辆可以包括设计成在车辆的侧向或正面倾斜碰撞期间充气并且被乘员碰撞的安全气囊。例如，在侧面碰撞期间，侧面气帘可以在车窗旁边从车顶纵梁向下展开，并且侧面气帘可能受到与侧面气帘相邻的乘员的碰撞。
车辆可能受到帘式安全气囊的碰撞测试标准的制约。作为一个示例，国家公路交通安全管理局(NHTSA)提供了一种设计用来模拟车辆经历与杆子发生侧面碰撞的测试程序。NHTSA程序规定，带有作为乘员的测试假人的测试车辆以每小时20英里的速度侧着碰撞到直径为10英寸的刚性垂直杆10上。作为另一个示例，NHTSA提供了一种测试程序来测量“弹出”，即一名乘员侵入车窗开口。NHTSA程序规定，在车辆以每小时9.9和12.4公里的侧面碰撞后在四个地点测量头部偏移。
发明内容
根据本发明，提供一种约束系统，包含：
可充气到充气位置并且具有顶部边缘、底部边缘和从顶部边缘延伸到底部边缘的前部边缘的侧面气帘；
从前部缘延伸的帆状面板；和
可充气到充气位置的辅助缓冲垫，辅助缓冲垫沿远离底部边缘和前部边缘朝向顶部边缘的方向呈纵长形。
根据本发明的一个实施例，其中处于充气位置的辅助缓冲垫沿着侧面气帘的外侧延伸。
根据本发明的一个实施例，系统还包含从侧面气帘通向辅助缓冲垫的通风口。
根据本发明的一个实施例，其中通风口配置为在侧面气帘处于充气位置后打开。
根据本发明的一个实施例，系统还包含与侧面气帘和辅助缓冲垫流体连通的双级充气机。
根据本发明的一个实施例，其中双级充气机配置为在使辅助缓冲垫充气之前使侧面气帘充气。
根据本发明的一个实施例，其中侧面气帘和辅助缓冲垫各自具有充气室，并且充气室彼此流体隔离。
根据本发明的一个实施例，系统还包含与侧面气帘和辅助缓冲垫流体连通的扩散器以及与扩散器流体连通的充气机。
根据本发明的一个实施例，其中扩散器配置为引导来自充气机的充气介质，使侧面气帘在辅助缓冲垫充气之前充气。
根据本发明的一个实施例，系统还包含与侧面气帘流体连通的第一充气机以及与辅助缓冲垫流体连通的第二充气机。
根据本发明的一个实施例，其中侧面气帘和辅助缓冲垫各自具有充气室，并且充气室彼此流体隔离。
根据本发明的一个实施例，第一充气机配置为响应于接收到充气信号而使侧面气帘开始充气，并且第二充气机配置为在第一充气机开始充气之后响应于充气信号使辅助缓冲垫开始充气。
根据本发明的一个实施例，系统还包含上纵梁，其中侧面气帘由上纵梁支撑。
根据本发明的一个实施例，其中处于充气位置的侧面气帘的顶部边缘邻近上纵梁。
根据本发明的一个实施例，其中处于充气位置的侧面气帘成形为覆盖车窗开口。
根据本发明的一个实施例，其中前部边缘和底部边缘在转角处相遇，并且其中辅助缓冲垫从转角延伸到顶部边缘。
根据本发明的一个实施例，系统还包含在侧面气帘与辅助缓冲垫之间的孔，孔设置成与接近顶部边缘相比更接近底部边缘。
根据本发明，提供一种约束系统，包含：
侧面气帘；
连接到侧面气帘并且沿侧面气帘呈纵长形的辅助缓冲垫；
与侧面气帘和辅助缓冲垫流体连通的至少一个充气机；和
控制模块，控制模块编程为指示至少一个充气机使侧面气帘开始充气并且仅在侧面气帘开始充气之后使辅助缓冲垫开始充气。
根据本发明的一个实施例，其中至少一个充气机包括与侧面气帘流体连通的第一充气机和与辅助缓冲垫流体连通的第二充气机。
根据本发明的一个实施例，其中至少一个充气机是双级充气机。
附图说明
图1是车辆的透视图；
图2是具有充气的侧面气帘和辅助缓冲垫的车辆的一部分的侧视图；
图3是具有充气的侧面气帘和辅助缓冲垫的车辆的一部分的透视图；
图4A是侧面气帘和辅助缓冲垫的一部分的侧视图；
图4B是侧面气帘和辅助缓冲垫的另一个实施例的一部分的侧视图；
图4C是侧面气帘和辅助缓冲垫的另一个实施例的一部分的侧视图；
图5是包括侧面气帘和辅助缓冲垫的约束系统的框图；
图6是包括侧面气帘和辅助缓冲垫的约束系统的另一个实施例的框图；
图7是包括侧面气帘和辅助缓冲垫的约束系统的另一个实施例的框图；
图8是包括侧面气帘和辅助缓冲垫的约束系统的另一个实施例的框图；
图9是包括侧面气帘和辅助缓冲垫的约束系统的另一个实施例的框图。
具体实施方式
参考附图，其中在几个视图中相同的附图标记表示相同的部件，车辆30具有约束系统32，约束系统32包括侧面气帘34、帆状面板36和辅助缓冲垫38。侧面气帘34可充气到充气位置，并且具有顶部边缘40、底部边缘42和从顶部边缘40延伸到底部边缘42的前部边缘44。帆状面板36从前部边缘44延伸。辅助缓冲垫38可充气到充气位置，并且在远离底部边缘42和前部边缘44朝向顶部边缘40的方向D上呈纵长形。
辅助缓冲垫38可以提供额外的缓冲，以减少乘员受伤的可能性。辅助缓冲垫38可以将侧面气帘34与车窗开口60隔开更远，并且可以在车窗开口60的边缘处加强侧面气帘34。间隔和加强侧面气帘34可以减少乘员的头部侵入车窗开口60的可能性。另外，在乘员的头部首次与前部安全气囊(未示出)接触的情况下，间隔和加强侧面气帘34可以防止头部滑出前部安全气囊。
参考图1，车辆30的车身48可以包括A柱50、B柱52、C柱54和上纵梁56。车辆30可以包括车门62。A柱50可以在挡风玻璃58与前车门62的车窗开口60之间延伸。B柱52可以在相邻车门62的车窗开口60之间延伸。C柱54可以在车窗与后窗64之间延伸。如果车辆30例如是SUV(运动型多用途车，Sports Utility Vehicle)、跨界车、小型货车或旅行车，车身48还可以包括D柱(未示出)，在这种情况下，C柱54在后车门62的车窗开口60与左后车窗和右后车窗(未示出)之间延伸，并且D柱在右后车窗和左后车窗与后窗64之间延伸。上纵梁56沿着车窗从A柱50延伸到B柱52再延伸到C柱54，并且可能延伸到D柱。
参考图2-4B，侧面气帘34可从未充气位置充气到充气位置。侧面气帘34具有用于接收充气介质的充气室66。充气室66由面板(未标记)限定。
侧面气帘34具有顶部边缘40、底部边缘42、前部边缘44和后部边缘46。前部边缘44和后部边缘46可以从顶部边缘40延伸到底部边缘42。前部边缘44和底部边缘42可以在转角68处相遇。侧面气帘34可以具有从顶部边缘40延伸到底部边缘42并且从前部边缘44延伸到后部边缘46的外侧70和内侧72。外侧70比内侧72更靠近最近的车窗开口60。外侧70面向车窗开口60，并且内侧72面向乘员。处于充气位置的侧面气帘34可以成形为覆盖车窗开口60。侧面气帘34可以进一步成形为覆盖两个车窗开口60。
侧面气帘34由上纵梁56支撑。具体地，处于充气位置的侧面气帘34的顶部边缘40与上纵梁56相邻，即侧面气帘34的顶部边缘40与上纵梁56之间没有任何东西。处于充气位置的侧面气帘34沿车窗开口60延伸。处于充气位置的侧面气帘34在车窗开口60与最靠近相应车窗开口60的相应座椅(未示出)的乘员之间延伸。
侧面气帘34可以由任何合适的安全气囊材料(例如编织聚合物)形成。例如，侧面气帘34可以由编织尼龙纱线(例如尼龙6-6)形成。其他合适的示例包括聚醚醚酮(PEEK)、聚醚酮酮(PEKK)、聚酯或任何其他合适的聚合物。编织聚合物可以包括涂层，例如硅树脂、氯丁橡胶、聚氨酯等。例如，涂层可以是聚有机硅氧烷(polyorgano siloxane)。
继续参考图2-4B，帆状面板36可以从侧面气帘34的前部边缘44延伸到上纵梁56或延伸到A柱50。具体地，帆状面板36可以从转角68延伸到上纵梁56或延伸到A柱50。帆状面板36可以是不可充气的并且具有片状形状。帆状面板36可以由与侧面气帘34相同的材料形成。
辅助缓冲垫38可从未充气位置充气到充气位置。辅助缓冲垫38具有用于接收充气介质的充气室74。充气室74由面板限定。
辅助缓冲垫38连接到侧面气帘34并且沿着侧面气帘34呈纵长形。具体地，辅助缓冲垫38在远离侧面气帘34的底部边缘42和前部边缘44朝向顶部边缘40的方向D上呈纵长形。辅助缓冲垫38可以从转角68延伸到侧面气帘34的顶部边缘40。辅助缓冲垫38可以沿着侧面气帘34的外侧70延伸。
参考图4B-7，辅助缓冲垫38的充气室74和侧面气帘34的充气室66可以是彼此流体隔离的，即充气介质的路径不会从侧面气帘34延伸到辅助缓冲垫38，反之亦然。
可选地，参考图4A和图8，通风口76可以从侧面气帘34通到辅助缓冲垫38。通风口76可以例如是开放式通风口、单向通风口、双向通风口或主动通风口。通风口76可以配置为在侧面气帘34处于充气位置之后打开。例如，如果侧面气帘34的充气室66中的气压低于阈值水平，那么通风口76可保持关闭，并且如果充气室66中的气压超过阈值水平，那么通风口76可打开。通风口可以在孔(未示出)上方具有翼片，其中翼片在达到气压的阈值水平之前抵抗被推动穿过孔。通风口可以用具有对应于气压的阈值水平的拉伸强度的拉带(未示出)封闭，使较高的气压扣紧拉带。
进一步可选地，参考图4C和图9，孔88可以从侧面气帘34通到辅助缓冲垫38。孔88可以设置在侧面气帘34的底部边缘42附近。具体地，孔88可以设置成与接近顶部边缘40相比更接近底部边缘42。例如，孔88距离顶部边缘40的距离可以是距离底部边缘42的至少五倍。孔88可以是侧面气帘34的充气室66与辅助缓冲垫38的充气室74之间的通风口或通畅的开口。当充气介质被引导到侧面气帘34中时，侧面气帘34必须至少在孔88暴露于充气介质之前部分充气，从而允许充气介质通过辅助缓冲垫38。
参考图5-8，约束系统32可以包括碰撞传感器78、控制模块80和充气机82。约束系统32可以通过通信网络84(如控制器区域网络(CAN)总线、以太网(Ethernet)、本地互连网络(LIN)和/或任何其他有线或无线通信网络)传输信号。
碰撞传感器78可以与控制模块80通信。碰撞传感器78适于探测对车辆30的碰撞。碰撞传感器78可以是任何合适的类型，例如接触后传感器(例如线性加速度计或角加速度计、陀螺仪、压力传感器和接触开关)；以及碰撞前传感器(如雷达、激光雷达(lidar)和视觉传感系统等)。视觉系统可以包括一个或多个摄像机、CCD(电荷耦合器件，charge-coupleddevice)图像传感器、CMOS(互补金属氧化物半导体，Complementary Metal OxideSemiconductor)图像传感器等。碰撞传感器78可以位于车辆30内或车辆30上的许多点处。
控制模块80是基于微处理器的控制器。控制模块80可以包括处理器、存储器等。控制模块80的存储器可以包括用于存储处理器可执行指令以及电子存储数据和/或数据库的存储器。控制模块80可以是约束控制模块。控制模块80可以在物理上与车辆30中的其他计算系统分隔开。控制模块80除其他功能外可以与充气机82和/或通风口76通信并且可以控制充气机82和/或通风口76。
至少一个充气机82可以与侧面气帘34和/或辅助缓冲垫38流体连通。具体地，充气机82可以如图5所示地与侧面气帘34和辅助缓冲垫38二者流体连通，或者可以如图8所示地仅与侧面气帘34连接。一旦从例如控制模块80接收到信号，充气机82就可以用可充气介质(例如气体)使侧面气帘34和/或辅助缓冲垫38充气。充气机82可以例如是使用化学反应将充气介质驱动到安全气囊的烟火式充气机。充气机82可配置为在使辅助缓冲垫38充气之前直接地或经由中间部件(如上述的通风口76或下面描述的扩散器86)使侧面气帘34充气。充气机82可以是任何合适的类型，例如低温气体充气机。
参考图5，至少一个充气机82可以是与侧面气帘34和辅助缓冲垫38流体连通的双级充气机82。双级充气机82可以配置为使侧面气帘34在使辅助缓冲垫38充气之前充气。
可选地，参考图7，至少一个充气机82可以包括与侧面气帘34流体连通的第一充气机82a和与辅助缓冲垫38流体连通的第二充气机82b。(形容词“第一”和“第二”在整个文件中用作标识符，并非旨在表示重要性或顺序)。第一充气机82a可配置为响应于从控制模块80接收到充气信号而使侧面气帘34开始充气，并且第二充气机82b可以配置为在第一充气机82a已经开始充气之后响应于充气信号而使辅助缓冲垫38开始充气。
参考图6，充气机82可以与扩散器86流体连通，并且扩散器86可以与侧面气帘34和辅助缓冲垫38流体连通。扩散器86可以配置为引导来自充气机82的充气介质使侧面气帘34在辅助缓冲垫38充气之前充气。例如，扩散器86可具有比通向辅助缓冲垫38的总开口更大的通向侧面气帘34的总开口。因此，辅助缓冲垫38将比侧面气帘34更快地充气。
控制模块80可以编程为指示充气机82使侧面气帘34开始充气并且仅在侧面气帘34开始充气之后才使辅助缓冲垫开始充气。例如，在图5的配置中，控制模块80可以编程为指示双级充气机82将第一阶段的充气介质排放到侧面气帘34中，并且在预设持续时间之后将第二阶段的充气介质排放到辅助缓冲垫中。预设持续时间可以由系统设计者设定，以例如允许侧面气帘34大体上延伸车窗开口60的全部长度。预设持续时间可以例如在20毫秒与35毫秒之间。再例如，在图7的配置中，控制模块80可以编程为指示第一充气机82a将充气介质排放到侧面气帘34中，并且在预设持续时间之后指示第二充气机82b将充气介质排放到辅助缓冲垫38中。再例如，在图8的配置中，控制模块80可以编程为指示充气机82将充气介质排放到侧面气帘34中，并且在预设持续时间之后，指示通风口76打开，以允许充气介质从侧面气帘34通到辅助缓冲垫38。
在发生碰撞的情况下，碰撞传感器78可以探测碰撞并且通过通信网络84将信号传输到控制模块80。控制模块80可以通过通信网络84根据上述控制模块80的编程来发送充气信号。侧面气帘34从未充气位置充气到沿着车窗开口60延伸的充气位置。对于图5、7和8的实施例，在预设持续时间之后，辅助缓冲垫38从未充气位置充气到充气位置，以将侧面气帘34远离车窗开口60推向坐在车窗开口60旁边的乘员。对于图6和9的实施例，辅助缓冲垫38比侧面气帘34更慢地从非充气位置充气到充气位置，以将侧面气帘34远离车窗开口60推向坐在车窗开口60旁边的乘员。预设持续时间和/或辅助缓冲垫38的较慢充气可以防止侧面气帘34在充气过程中被偏离位置靠近车窗开口60的乘员阻挡。辅助缓冲垫38可以提供额外的缓冲，以减少伤害乘员的可能性。辅助缓冲垫38可将侧面气帘34与车窗开口60分隔得更远，并且可以在车窗开口60的边缘处加强侧面气帘34。间隔和加强侧面气帘34可降低乘员的头部侵入车窗开口60的可能性。另外，在乘员的头部首次与前部安全气囊(未示出)接触的情况下，间隔和加强侧面气帘34可以防止头部滑出前部安全气囊。
已经以说明性方式描述了本公开，并且应该理解的是，已经使用的术语旨在描述词语的性质，而不是对其的限制。鉴于上述教导，本公开的许多修改和变化是可能的，并且本公开可以以与具体描述不同的方式实施。

Claims (8)

1.一种约束系统，包含：
侧面气帘，所述侧面气帘可充气到充气位置并且具有顶部边缘、底部边缘和从所述顶部边缘延伸到所述底部边缘的前部边缘；
从所述前部边缘延伸的帆状面板；
可充气到充气位置的辅助缓冲垫，所述辅助缓冲垫沿远离所述底部边缘和所述前部边缘朝向所述顶部边缘的方向呈纵长形；
与所述侧面气帘和所述辅助缓冲垫流体连通的扩散器；以及
与所述扩散器流体连通的充气机；
其中所述扩散器配置为引导来自所述充气机的充气介质，使所述侧面气帘在所述辅助缓冲垫充气之前充气。
2.根据权利要求1所述的约束系统，其中充气位置中的所述辅助缓冲垫沿着所述侧面气帘的外侧延伸。
3.根据权利要求1所述的约束系统，还包含从所述侧面气帘通向所述辅助缓冲垫的通风口。
4.根据权利要求3所述的约束系统，其中所述通风口配置为在所述侧面气帘处于所述充气位置后打开。
5.根据权利要求1所述的约束系统，还包含上纵梁，其中所述侧面气帘由所述上纵梁支撑，并且处于所述充气位置的所述侧面气帘的所述顶部边缘邻近所述上纵梁。
6.根据权利要求1所述的约束系统，还包含在所述侧面气帘与所述辅助缓冲垫之间的孔，所述孔设置成与接近所述顶部边缘相比更接近所述底部边缘。
7.根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的约束系统，其中所述前部边缘和所述底部边缘在转角处相遇，并且其中所述辅助缓冲垫从所述转角延伸到所述顶部边缘。
8.一种约束系统，包含：
侧面气帘；
连接到所述侧面气帘并且沿所述侧面气帘呈纵长形的辅助缓冲垫；
与所述侧面气帘和所述辅助缓冲垫流体连通的扩散器；
与所述扩散器流体连通的充气机；和
控制模块，所述控制模块编程为指示所述扩散器来引导来自所述充气机的充气介质，使所述侧面气帘在所述辅助缓冲垫充气之前充气。
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