CN108142924A - 紫红参的制备及其应用 - Google Patents
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- A23G3/48—Sweetmeats, confectionery or marzipan; Processes for the preparation thereof characterised by the composition containing organic or inorganic compounds containing plants or parts thereof, e.g. fruits, seeds, extracts
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- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23G3/00—Sweetmeats; Confectionery; Marzipan; Coated or filled products
- A23G3/34—Sweetmeats, confectionery or marzipan; Processes for the preparation thereof
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Abstract
紫红参的制备及应用本发明提供了紫红参加固体辅料的制备工艺及其应用,其特征是以黑豆和黑米按一定比例混合后作为固体辅料,按固体辅料‑人参(1:10~10:1),拌匀,置蒸制容器内加热蒸制、干燥,如此反复5~10次,制得紫红参。所得紫红参经蜜炙获得紫红参蜜片,可应用与医药及食品领域。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及紫红参即黑参的制备及其应用,并公开紫红参的制备方法,属于中药及食品领域。
背景技术
人参(Panax ginseng C. A. Mey)为五加科Araliaceae人参属Panax多年生草本植物,药用始载于《神农本草经》:“人参,味甘微寒,主补五脏,安精神,定魂魄,止惊悸,除邪气,明目,开心益智,久服,轻身延年;一名人衔,一名鬼盖,生山谷。”现代科学研究发现人参具有调节中枢神经系统的作用,改善心血管及造血系统的作用,调节内分泌系统的作用,提高免疫力,抗疲劳作用以及抗癌作用等。其中人参皂苷Rg3抑制肿瘤血管生成,降低肿瘤微血管密度,诱导肿瘤细胞调亡,对化学药物减毒增效等方面具有较广泛的抗肿瘤功效;人参皂苷Rh1具有抑制癌细胞增殖作用,抗肿瘤作用;人参皂苷Rh2具有抑制癌细胞增殖作用,抗肿瘤等作用。
人参在其数千年的应用历史中,根据临床需要产生了不同的炮制方法及炮制工艺,包括切制、炒制、酒炙、蒸制等。形成了生晒参、红参、糖参等不同的产品规格。随着现代科学技术的发展,近年来又出现了黑参即紫红参这种新的炮制品种,目前紫红参即黑参的炮制工艺,以生物发酵技术为主,另有多次蒸煮法等,生物发酵炮制需要较为严格的环境、特殊的设备,操作较为繁琐。
黑豆是豆科植物大豆[Glycinemax(L.) Merr.]种皮为黑色的种子,含有大量人体所需的氨基酸、维生素、色素、黄酮类、不饱和脂肪酸、微量元素等营养物质具有增强免疫力、改善睡眠等保健作用,传统中医认为黑豆具有益精明目,养血祛风,利水,解毒之功。可用于阴虚烦渴,头晕目昏,体虚多汗,肾虚腰痛,水肿尿少,痹痛拘挛,手足麻木,药食中毒。黑米为禾本科稻属粳稻的黑色种子,含有花色素、黄酮类等多种活性物质,传统中医认为黑米具有滋阴补肾、健脾开胃、补中益气、活血化淤等功效。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种新的紫红参即黑参制备工艺,具体工艺如下。
(1)固体辅料的制备:黑豆除去杂质,洗净、干燥,粉碎成粗粉;黑米除去杂质,洗净、干燥,粉碎成粗粉。分别取黑豆粉和黑米粉按(0:1~1:0)比例混合,制成固体辅料。
(2)选取大小均匀的人参,加入粉碎后的固体辅料,按固体辅料-人参(1:10~10:1),拌匀,置蒸制容器内加热蒸制,温度为80~130℃,时间为2~8小时,取出,20~105℃干燥2~24小时。
(3)取工艺(2)中干燥后的人参,同样条件下蒸制、干燥,如此反复5~10次,即得固体辅料制紫红参即黑参。
(4)本工艺中的固体辅料,也可以先加入2~5倍量的饮用水煎煮,获得提取液,用辅料提取液煮0.5~2倍量的人参至干,然后再蒸制、干燥反复炮制5~10次,制得紫红参。
本发明进一步提供紫红参蜜片的制备方法,紫红参切片后,加入炼制后的蜂蜜拌匀蒸制或炒干制成蜜炙紫红参片。
本发明进一步提供紫红参和蜜炙紫红参在食品及医药上的应用,具有改善或增强免疫、抗肿瘤、抗癌的作用。
实验例1 本发明制备的紫红参高效液相色谱人参皂苷分析 色谱条件:以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂;以乙腈为流动相A,以水为流动相B,按下表中的规定进行梯度洗脱;检测波长为203nm。
时间(分钟) | 流动相A(%) | 流动相B(%) |
0~35 | 19 | 81 |
35~55 | 19→29 | 81→71 |
55~70 | 29 | 71 |
70~100 | 29→40 | 71→60 |
供试品溶液的制备:分别取人参、红参及本发明所制备的紫红参粉末(过四号筛)约lg,精密称定,置索氏提取器中,加三氯甲烷加热回流3小时,弃去三氯甲烷液,药渣挥干溶剂,连同滤纸筒移入100ml锥形瓶中,精密加水饱和正丁醇50ml,密塞,放置过夜,超声处理(功率250W,频率50kHz) 30分钟,摇匀,滤过,取续滤液,即得。
测定法:精密吸取供试品溶液10μl注入液相色谱仪,测定,即得。
附图说明
附图1 人参、红参及两种本发明制备的紫红参液相色谱图。
具体实施方式
实施例1 紫红参的制备:人参100 g,黑豆粗粉100 g,拌匀,置高压蒸锅中,隔水加热至120℃,加压至0.25MPa,蒸制2小时。取出,置鼓风式干燥箱中60℃干燥3小时。如此蒸制、干燥反复炮制9次,至人参表面紫黑色,断面棕黑色,具有焦香气。
实施例2 紫红参的制备:人参50 g,黑米粗粉50 g,拌匀,置蒸锅中,隔水加热至水沸腾,蒸制2小时。取出,日光下晒干12小时,夜露12小时。如此蒸制、干燥反复炮制9次,至人参表面紫黑色,断面棕黑色,具有焦香气,即得。
实施例3 紫红参蜜片的制备:紫红参蒸软,切片,取100g置炼蜜中,炼蜜用量以完全浸没紫红参片为度,加热煮30分钟,取出紫红参片,加热蒸30分钟取出晾干,放冷;或取煮后的紫红参片,置炒锅中,文火炒制干燥不粘手,取出,放冷,即得紫红参蜜片。
以上实施例可以更详细说明本发明,但不以任何形式限制本发明。
Claims (3)
1.一种紫红参即黑参的制备工艺,其特征在于,采用人参与固体辅料拌匀,反复蒸制,其具体工艺如下:
(1)固体辅料的制备:黑豆除去杂质,洗净、干燥,粉碎成粗粉;黑米除去杂质,洗净、干燥,粉碎成粗粉,
分别取黑豆粉和黑米粉按(0:1~1:0)比例混合,制成固体辅料;
(2)选取大小均匀的人参,加入粉碎后的固体辅料,按固体辅料-人参(1:10~10:1),拌匀,置蒸制容器内加热蒸制,温度为80~130℃,压力为0.1MPa~0.25 MPa,时间为2~8小时,取出,20~105℃干燥2~24小时;
(3)取工艺(2)中干燥后的人参,同样条件下蒸制、干燥,如此反复5~10次,即得固体辅料制紫红参即黑参;
(4)本工艺中的固体辅料,也可以先加入2~5倍量的饮用水煎煮,获得提取液,用辅料提取液煮0.5~2倍量的人参至干,然后再蒸制、干燥反复炮制5~10次,制得紫红参。
2.根据权利要求1所制备的紫红参,切片,加入炼制的蜂蜜煮30~120分钟后,蒸干或炒干,制得紫红参蜜片。
3.根据权利要求1所制备的紫红参,在医药食品上的应用,可改善或增强免疫力,用于抗肿瘤、抗癌、改善心血管系统。
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