CN108142464A - A kind of composition and its control method for preventing tomato wilt - Google Patents
A kind of composition and its control method for preventing tomato wilt Download PDFInfo
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- CN108142464A CN108142464A CN201711403466.6A CN201711403466A CN108142464A CN 108142464 A CN108142464 A CN 108142464A CN 201711403466 A CN201711403466 A CN 201711403466A CN 108142464 A CN108142464 A CN 108142464A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/90—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having two or more relevant hetero rings, condensed among themselves or with a common carbocyclic ring system
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
- A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
- A01N47/28—Ureas or thioureas containing the groups >N—CO—N< or >N—CS—N<
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N61/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing substances of unknown or undetermined composition, e.g. substances characterised only by the mode of action
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/40—Liliopsida [monocotyledons]
- A01N65/44—Poaceae or Gramineae [Grass family], e.g. bamboo, lemon grass or citronella grass
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- Natural Medicines & Medicinal Plants (AREA)
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- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention proposes a kind of composition and its control method for preventing tomato wilt, the problems such as belonging to garden crop production technical field, can solve to use Agro-chemicals control tomato wilt control effect poor at present, easily cause environmental pollution.The composition of the prevention tomato wilt is equipped with boiler ash sediment, dregs of beans, urea and avermectin based on maize straw.The present invention can be applied in the furnished equipments of tomato.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to garden crop production technical field more particularly to it is a kind of prevent tomato wilt composition and its
Control method.
Background technology
Tomato wilt is also known as wilt disease, is infected and is drawn by Deuteromycotina fungi-tomato pinch outs tomato specialized form
It rises.Majority is yielded positive results the phase in tomato, and part is aggrieved, and complete stool shows disease.Early stage, only plant lower blade turn yellow, but
Majority is not fallen off, and with the development of the state of an illness, sick leaf turns yellow from bottom to top, browning, in addition to except top, several pieces are intact, remaining necrosis or
It is shrivelled.Sometimes diseased plant side blade withers vertical, and opposite side blade is still normal.Disease is shown from diseased plant to wither to complete stool, generally 15-30
My god.28 DEG C or so of soil temperature is most suitable for disease.Hinder that root is more, and plant strain growth is bad when tomato continuous cropping continuous cropping, transplanting or intertillage, root
Tie lines worm, which is caused harm, causes wound to occur conducive to this disease.Below 21 DEG C of soil temperature or 33 DEG C or more progression of the disease are slow.
The general control method of the disease：(1) disease-resistant variety is selected；(2) 3 years or more crop rotation (3) chemical agents are carried out to prevent
It controls：With 54% evil, 700 times of liquid of mould good fortune U.S. wettable powder；Or 70% 500 times of liquid of fenaminosulf wettable powder, pour pouring root
Portion, it is every plant 300--500 milliliters, primary depending on the state of an illness 5 days.However these three methods respectively have limitation at present.First, resist at present withered
Disease of withering tomato variety lacks, and seed price is higher, and the tomato of particularly certain high-quality lacks disease resistance, limits its life
Production；Secondly, tomato advantage producing region considers that economic benefit and the market demand can not realize crop rotation in facility cultivation；Finally, it produces
A large amount of applications of middle chemical agent easily bring environmental pollution and food-safety problem, reduce Tomato Quality.Therefore, facility is given birth to
Tomato wilt cannot get effectively preventing in production.
Invention content
The present invention provides a kind of compositions and its control method for preventing tomato wilt, can effectively solve to use at present
Agro-chemicals control tomato wilt control effect is poor, the problems such as easily causing environmental pollution.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a kind of compositions for preventing tomato wilt, which is characterized in that institute
Composition is stated based on maize straw, is equipped with boiler ash sediment, dregs of beans, urea and avermectin.
Preferably, the dosage of each component is in the applying said compositions of ground per acre：Maize straw 5-10m3, boiler ash sediment
7-12m3, dregs of beans 100-150kg, urea 15-20kg, 5% avermectin 5-15mL.
In any of the above-described technical solution, going back to field using stalk can promote agricultural wastes to recycle, after stalk fermentation
Rich in the various trace elements and physiological activator needed for organic matter and plant growth, soil aggregate structure can be improved, inhibited
Soil hardening contains the pest and disease damage in soil, can promote crop growth, promotes crop quality.
In addition, suitable carbon-nitrogen ratio is to accelerate compost maturity, carbonaceous material is avoided to consume excessively and humus is promoted to synthesize
One of essential condition.The carbon-nitrogen ratio of corn stalk is generally in 80-100：1, and carbon-nitrogen ratio needed for microbial life activity is about
25：1.When carbon-nitrogen ratio is more than 25：When 1, since microbial activities is restricted, organic material decomposition is slow, and decomposites what is come
The all microorganisms of nitrogen utilize in itself, therefore available nitrogen cannot be discharged in compost.When carbon-nitrogen ratio is less than 25：When 1, micro- life
Object breeding is fast, easily decomposes, and can discharge available nitrogen, is conducive to the formation of humus.Therefore, it is additionally added in above-mentioned composition
The chemical nitrogen fertilizer of 1%-2% to meet needs of the microorganism to nitrogen, accelerates the decomposed of compost, improves ferment effect.It is one mu big
Canopy sprinkles profoundly water, and needs about 20 tons of water, so adding in 15-20kg urea.
Further, microorganism can only the carry out activity in the range of certain soda acid.Most of microbe requirement is neutral to micro-
The acid or alkali environment (pH 6.4-8.1) of alkalinity, optimal pH 7.5.Various organic acids are often generated during Corn Stalk Decomposition, are made
Into acidic environment, the breeding activity of microorganism is influenced.So adding in boiler ash sediment or burned gangue, boiler ash sediment pH8.0 is left
The right side can suitably adjust acid-base value, increase soil several mineral materials content, and can reduce the acidification journey of soil hardening and soil
Degree, so as to reduce the generation of blossom-end rot.
Preferably, the grain size of maize straw is 2.5-3.5cm, the grain size of boiler ash sediment is less than or equal to 0.8cm.
The present invention also provides a kind of composition for preventing and controlling tomato wilts using as described in any of the above-described technical solution
Method, include the following steps：
Raw material is applied：It is after summer tomato is uprooted plants after their edible portions have been harvested, preceding stubble tomato stalk residue thorough cleaning is clean, use rotary cultivator rotary tillage
One everywhere, levels land, and urea with aquation is opened, is uniformly sprayed onto on stalk；Stalk is uniformly spread in greenhouse again；Then divide
Boiler ash sediment, dregs of beans are not spread fertilizer over the fields successively；Using twice of rotary cultivator rotary tillage, drip irrigation equipment is completed, by the old canopy film in entire cultivation area
It covers, then airtight awning room；
It irrigates：Water 20-25m per acre3, pour 24-48h, soil is irrigated, up to saturation moisture content after close trickle irrigation,
Abamectin solution is manured into soil by 4h with water before pouring terminates；
High temperature boils in a covered pot over a slow fire canopy：Seal greenhouse 20-25d so that temperature can reach 60-65 DEG C or more, the wherein soil moisture in canopy
60-65 DEG C, continue 10-15d；20d opens ventilation opening before autumn stubble tomato field planting, takes mulch off, and ventilation and heat drying more than 7d makes
Soil reaches arability, you can prepares culturing and planting.
In the above-mentioned technical solutions, it is main using sprinkle profoundly water, ground and greenhouse bilayer covering treatment.Wherein, moisture is shadow
An important factor for ringing microbial activities and compost maturity speed is easily decomposed by the microorganisms after heap prepared material water swelling softening.Greatly
In the case that canopy seals, the fine day time canopy temperature of one day can reach 50 DEG C or more, and the high temperatures optimum temperature of microorganism is
50-65 DEG C, the fermentation of stalk is accelerated, soil is brought rapidly up in fermentation process, is effectively killed harmful pathogen in soil, is posted
Infested ovum, nematode, weed seed etc..
Compared with prior art, the advantages and positive effects of the present invention are：
1st, the method that the present invention is combined using physical sterilization with chemical sterilization, it is reachable to the imitation of tomato wilt
More than 84.0%, incidence is controlled below 2%.It is to the preventive effect of tomato wilt compared to existing conventional control method
15.2-51.3%, it is with the obvious advantage.
2nd, the present invention mainly carries out tomato wilt prevention using stalk boiler ash sediment fermentation method, takes full advantage of agricultural production
Waste, raw material are gathered materials on the spot, and abundant raw material is at low cost, can save more than 16.7% cost of material, are conducive to large area and are pushed away
Extensively.
Specific embodiment
The technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, it is clear that described implementation
Example is only part of the embodiment of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, this field is common
Technical staff's all other embodiments obtained without making creative work belong to the model that the present invention protects
It encloses.
1 Tomato in Greenhouse droop controlling experiment of embodiment
1. materials and methods：
1.1 material
Corn stalk 10m3By mechanical crushing, size 3-5cm；Boiler ash sediment (or burned gangue) 8m3：It crushed
It sieves (below 0.5cm)；Dregs of beans 120kg；Urea 20kg；5% abamectin solution 15mL.
1.2 method
1.2.1 canopy room prepares：After summer tomato is uprooted plants after their edible portions have been harvested, preceding stubble tomato stalk etc. is cleaned out, rotary tillage tractor-ploughing one everywhere,
It levels land, installs drip irrigation facilities.
1.2.2 operating process：
1. first opening urea with aquation, uniformly it is sprayed onto on stalk；Stalk is uniformly spread in greenhouse again；
2. respectively spreading fertilizer over the fields boiler ash sediment, dregs of beans successively, twice of rotary cultivator rotary tillage is used.
3. completing drip irrigation pipe, trickle irrigation is checked, normal use goes to cover waste and old canopy film in cultivation, and then airtight awning room owns
Ventilation opening.
4. opening trickle irrigation, 1 day and 1 night or 2 days or so are poured, water 20-25m per acre3, soil all irrigates, up to saturation
Trickle irrigation is closed after water content；Watering terminates to apply avermectin with water in first 4 hours.
5. it is more than 20 days (except rainy days) to seal greenhouse, temperature can reach 65 DEG C or more in canopy, 60 DEG C of the soil moisture
Left and right, continues at least 10 days；Ventilation opening is opened before autumn stubble tomato field planting within 20 days, takes mulch off, ventilation and heat dries 7 days or more.
1.2.3 experimental design：
Experiment respectively at 2016 and 2017 continuous in June, two-November in Qingdao Institute of Agricultural Sciences's heliogreenhouse
It is carried out in big arch shed, if 3 processing are respectively：The stewing canopy method (A) of stalk boiler ash sediment fermentation；Conventional high temperature boils in a covered pot over a slow fire canopy processing+plantation
When pouring root (B)；Any processing control (C) is not done.
Tomato variety ' lotus ', ' red No. 1 of cherry Sha ', ' cherry Sha sowed Huang ' 2016 year July 15, August definite value on the 10th, and 9
A situation arises and photographs to record for the investigation of the moon 25 droop.It was sowed July 15 within 2017, August definite value on the 14th, September is adjusted on the 30th
Looking into droop, a situation arises and calculates control effect.
Wherein control effect calculates as follows：
Control effect %=[(check plot incidence-treatment region incidence)/check plot incidence] × 100
2. result
Tomato wilt incidence under the conditions of 2.1 different disposals
As shown in table 1, the canopy room of stalk boiler ash sediment fermentation process (processing A) and conventional stewing canopy handle the withered of (processing B)
Sick incidence differs greatly.It handles A droops incidence and is substantially less than processing B and processing C, and handle difference between B and processing C
Not significantly.Stalk boiler ash sediment fermentation process canopy room plant growing way is healthy and strong, and tomato wilt incidence is less than 5%, and routine boils in a covered pot over a slow fire canopy
It is weaker to handle canopy room plant growing way, excessive growth, for each kind tomato wilt incidence in 28%-42%, morbidity is heavier.Do not make any
The control canopy room morbidity of processing is extremely heavy, and up to 80%, and have and aggravate trend year by year.
1 2016-2017 tomato wilt incidence application forms of table
2.2 stalk boiler ash sediment fermentation methods are compared with routinely stewing canopy method cost
By every 667m2It calculates, uses cost needed for stalk boiler ash sediment fermentation method：Including corn stalk 10m3, boiler ash sediment 8m3,
It is cheap since maize straw and boiler ash sediment can gather materials on the spot, increase only labour cost and processing traffic expense about 1000
Member；Dregs of beans 120kg about needs 1000 yuan；It is about 2000 yuan total.
Conventional method processing：1 ton about 2000 yuan of application of organic fertilizers is needed, pouring root increases pesticide (except Avermectin during cultivation
Element) about need 400 yuan；It is about 2400 yuan total.
Therefore this method is more every 667m than conventional method2About 400 yuan of escapable cost.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of composition for preventing tomato wilt, which is characterized in that the composition is equipped with ashes based on maize straw
Slag, dregs of beans, urea and avermectin.
2. composition according to claim 1, which is characterized in that per acre in the applying said compositions of ground each component use
It measures and is：Maize straw 5-10m3, boiler ash sediment 7-12m3, dregs of beans 100-150kg, urea 15-20kg, 5% avermectin 5-15mL.
3. composition according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that the grain size of maize straw be 2.5-3.5cm, ashes
The grain size of slag is less than or equal to 0.8cm.
A kind of 4. method using such as claim 1-3 any one of them composition for preventing and controlling tomato wilts, which is characterized in that
Include the following steps：
Raw material is applied：It is after summer tomato is uprooted plants after their edible portions have been harvested, preceding stubble tomato stalk residue thorough cleaning is clean, use rotary cultivator rotary tillage one time
Ground is leveled land, and urea with aquation is opened, is uniformly sprayed onto on stalk；Stalk is uniformly spread in greenhouse again；Then respectively will
Boiler ash sediment, dregs of beans are spread fertilizer over the fields successively；Using twice of rotary cultivator rotary tillage, drip irrigation equipment is completed, the old canopy film in entire cultivation area is covered,
Then airtight awning room；
It irrigates：Water 20-25m per acre3, pour 24-48h, soil irrigated, up to saturation moisture content after close trickle irrigation, pour knot
Abamectin solution is manured into soil by 4h with water before beam；
High temperature boils in a covered pot over a slow fire canopy：Seal greenhouse 20-25d so that temperature can reach 60-65 DEG C or more, wherein soil moisture 60-65 in canopy
DEG C, continue 10-15d；20d opens ventilation opening before autumn stubble tomato field planting, takes mulch off, and ventilation and heat drying more than 7d makes soil
Reach arability, you can prepare culturing and planting.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201711403466.6A CN108142464B (en) | 2017-12-22 | 2017-12-22 | Composition for preventing and treating tomato blight and prevention and treatment method thereof |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201711403466.6A CN108142464B (en) | 2017-12-22 | 2017-12-22 | Composition for preventing and treating tomato blight and prevention and treatment method thereof |
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| CN108142464A true CN108142464A (en) | 2018-06-12 |
| CN108142464B CN108142464B (en) | 2020-06-05 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109430293A (en) * | 2018-10-30 | 2019-03-08 | 宁夏大学 | Prevent and treat pharmaceutical composition of tomato wilt and promotion tomato growth and preparation method thereof and method of administration and application |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101774853A (en) * | 2010-01-07 | 2010-07-14 | 杨雪枣 | Antibacterial type composite biological organic liquid fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN102010241A (en) * | 2010-06-09 | 2011-04-13 | 徐维康 | Enzyme microbial organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN105010043A (en) * | 2015-06-30 | 2015-11-04 | 李佩龙 | Method for preventing and treating wilt disease of tomato |
-
2017
- 2017-12-22 CN CN201711403466.6A patent/CN108142464B/en active Active
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101774853A (en) * | 2010-01-07 | 2010-07-14 | 杨雪枣 | Antibacterial type composite biological organic liquid fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN102010241A (en) * | 2010-06-09 | 2011-04-13 | 徐维康 | Enzyme microbial organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN105010043A (en) * | 2015-06-30 | 2015-11-04 | 李佩龙 | Method for preventing and treating wilt disease of tomato |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
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| 张光明等: "高温焖棚是克服设施蔬菜连作障碍的有效技术", 《中国园艺学会第十届会员代表大会暨学术讨论会论文集》 * |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109430293A (en) * | 2018-10-30 | 2019-03-08 | 宁夏大学 | Prevent and treat pharmaceutical composition of tomato wilt and promotion tomato growth and preparation method thereof and method of administration and application |
| CN109430293B (en) * | 2018-10-30 | 2020-11-13 | 宁夏大学 | Pharmaceutical composition for preventing and treating tomato blight and promoting tomato growth, and preparation method, application method and application thereof |
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| CN108142464B (en) | 2020-06-05 |
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