CN107155560A - A kind of paddy rice watermelon mushroom interplanting method - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of paddy rice watermelon mushroom interplanting method, comprise the following steps：Early March is begun sowing in good time, and early April can throw cultivation, is harvested July 20 or so, while autumn watermelon is in seeding and seedling raising mid-July, late July field planting, l0 the first tenday period of a month month can harvest listing, and the l0 middle of the month carries out agaricus bisporus plantation, harvests March November to next year.The inventive method is simple, with low cost, and paddy rice, watermelon, the interplanting of mushroom can be achieved, the utilization rate and economic value in soil is greatly improved, suit large area to popularize application.

Description

A kind of paddy rice watermelon mushroom interplanting method

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of mushroom interplanting direction, more particularly to a kind of paddy rice watermelon mushroom interplanting method.

Background technology

Mengshan County is located at the Guangxi central and east, belongs to subtropical monsoon climate district, has a moderate climate, and sunny, abundant rainfall is handed over Defaecation profit, it is agriculture highly beneficial to development " two high one is excellent " (i.e. high yield, high-quality, efficiently).But for a long time, mainly with plantation Based on double cropping of rice, cropping pattern is single, and economic benefit is relatively low.Nearly l0, by carrying out agricultural sector structure adjustment, reform is ploughed Make system, guide farmer development high-efficiency agriculture, obtain good result.Wherein " mushroom of one watermelon of early rice one " cropping pattern is Mengshan County Wen Xu towns Shi Deng villages peasant gropes a kind of high-yield and high-efficiency agriculture summarized under the guidance of scientific and technical personnel according to local actual conditions Industry cropping pattern, it uses early rice throwing-seedling cultivation super hybridization rice, autumn stubble nutrition cup nursery, mulching planting aspermous watermelon, winter Agricultural film scaffolding is covered, the ground plantation measure such as agaricus bisporus, realize 1 year three batches, improve multiple crop index, efficiently solve grain Food crop and industrial crops strive the contradiction on ground.At present, Mengshan County widelys popularize the plantation of " mushroom of one watermelon of early rice one " high-efficiency agriculture Pattern, application area achieves preferable economic benefit just up to 142.0 hm within 2010.

The content of the invention

The technical problems to be solved by the invention are to provide a kind of method simply, with low cost, and paddy rice watermelon mushroom can be achieved The interplanting of mushroom.

The technical scheme that the present invention solves above-mentioned technical problem is as follows：A kind of paddy rice watermelon mushroom interplanting method, including such as Lower step：Early March is begun sowing in good time, and early April can throw cultivation, is harvested July 20 or so, while autumn watermelon is mid-July, sowing is educated Seedling, late July field planting, l0 the first tenday period of a month month can harvest listing, and the l0 middle of the month carries out agaricus bisporus plantation, harvests March November to next year.

Further, sowing and seedling, seedling is covered using plastic floppy disk film, per 667m2 with 45 ~ 50,434 ~ L seedlings disk： (1) seed treatment, is soaked seed using " three ups and three downs " method, and 7~8 h are soaked every time, and kind is first washed before leaching, strong chlorine is added during the 2nd seed soaking Smart (or making hectogram) sterilization, cleans vernalization after leaching；(2) seedling bed prepares, and selects the convenient field of vegetables of irrigation and drainage, and furrow of having ditched, site preparation is pressed Seedling disc area is for seedling bed；(3) Nutrition Soil prepares, and the kg of seedling agent 400g ~ 40 fine earths that sieve are strengthened with " sunflower " board before sowing and mix vexed 1 thoroughly After d, dress, which adds to seedling tray, makees subsoil；(4) sow, seedling disk is double to be put, after the sufficient water of spray, uniform broadcasting, every 667 m2 crop fields, which are used, plants 1. 5 kg, cover remaining fine earth after broadcasting, then are squirted with clear water, depressed arch epiphragma after mud more than removing card；(5) rice shoot is managed, seedling It is noted that weather condition, when temperature is too high, it is aeration-cooling to open film two, meets long-time rainy weather, is taken off every 2~3 d noons Film two ventilation 1 time is opened, disk soil moistening is usually kept, 4~5 d gradually take off film hardening before transplanting；

Throw and plant：(1) crop field is arranged, and preceding work is that the field of cultivated mushroom 7d will turn over rake and macerate before rice transplanting, allows field soil to sink naturally in fact, Seedling throwing field will be flattened, net grass, shallow water；(2) the rice transplanting phase.Fine day afternoon or cloudy rice transplanting when early April temperature is up to 15 DEG C； (3) throw and plant density.Every 667 IIl2 throws 1.8 ten thousand~2.0 ten thousand root and stem of certain plants, throws and first divides railway carriage or compartment when planting, throw full field seedling number the 1st time 70%, the 2nd It is secondary that remaining 3o% fills a vacancy, throw even；

Field management：(1) fertilizing management.Base manure is used sufficient, is topdressed in good time, N, P, K are reasonably combined, base manure accounts for total dose 70%；Topdress and account for 30%, every 667 m2 of base manure applies 15：15：The kg of 15=component composite fertilizer 40, the IIl2 of 7d ~ 667 after inserting that topdresses is applied 8~l0 of urea kg, potassium chloride 10 make tillering fertilizer, and add the bag of Paoyangling 1 to mix thoroughly to spread fertilizer over the fields, keep the d of 3~4 cm depth of waters 5~7, raw The long middle and later periods applies potassium chloride when sword-like leave reveals point and each 2.5~3.0 kg of urea makees ear manuer, and During Grain-filling sprays biphosphate Potassium 2~3 times；(2) water management.Shallow water tiller, enough seedling dew dry fields have water heading, and dry and wet strengthens grain to maturation, gathers in preceding 7 d and breaks Water is advisable；

The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：Strengthen Healthy culture, selection in good time is efficient, low-toxin farm chemicals preventing and treating, such as preventing and treating yellow rice borer, rice leaf roller Frontline, AVM, chlopyrifos can be used；Prevent and treat planthopper buprofezin, imidacloprid；Prevent and treat rice blast using tricyclazole, Kasumin；Prevent and treat banded sclerotial blight, false smut and use the agricultural chemicals such as jinggangmycin；

Harvest：Gathered in when maturity is up to 95%, and receive solarization, storage straw in time.

Further, autumn watermelon is in seeding and seedling raising mid-July：(1) seed disinfection.Seed is shone into 1 d and selected rear use before broadcasting 55 ~ 60 DEG C of hot water, which scalds, to be planted and stirs, and is kept 10 min, is stopped stirring when temperature is down to 40 DEG C, is continued after 2~3 h of seed soaking Seed is cleaned, vernalization at a temperature of seed is placed in into 33 ~ 35 DEG C after broken shell is dried, is sowed when radicle grows 0.5 cm；(2) nutrition Cup nursery.Seedbed is preferably selected away from being colonized, field is nearer, and the slightly higher place of physical features, Nutrition Soil adds corruption with the field fine earth of fertile sieving Ripe farm manure presses 6：1 ratio mixing is mixed thoroughly, and every cubic metre of Nutrition Soil uses 15：15：15 3 kg of NPK ~ JIl cleanings Water dissolves, and another Jia 72.2% general makes every effort to overcome 800 times of liquid, is sprayed onto in Nutrition Soil and mixes thoroughly, the d of stack retting 15~20, dress after becoming thoroughly decomposed completely Cup.The sowing of the fine day morning is selected, every glass is broadcast 1 melon kind, broadcasts the rear cm of earthing 0.5, and the m built lid agricultural films of top 1 add sunshade net, kept away Rain keeps away solarization nursery；(3) seedling management.The kind shell being clipped on leaf is extractd when emerging in time, to the greatest extent may be used on the basis of Di Shui is poured It can less water, can be sprinkled water when seedling soil plays dry and cracked silk with watering can morning one time, be colonized preceding 4~5 d and stop watering, through 10~12 D, can be colonized during 31 heart of leaf of melon seedling；Field planting：(1) site preparation.Bracing wire is turned over before field planting and plays high ridge (to facilitate management and rear stubble to put up a shed Kind of mushroom), furrow face wide 1.6 m, every 667 m2 applies the kg of the organic JJ of high-quality ~ 2000 and adds 15：15：15 potassium sulphate type ternary composite fertilizer 4O Kg removes to apply makees base manure in furrow face, and recurrence zanjon, hack mixed thoroughly, smooth, and cave is opened on furrow face both sides, in a triangle, 1 d before field planting Soil treatment is carried out with herbicide " Jin Douer ", mulch film is covered during field planting above cave, and it is standardized "T"-shaped with blade at cave opening Mouthful, rotten nutrition cup is torn, is planted into melon seedling, is compacted periphery soil, then mulch film is covered tightly, is compacted, makes film close proximity to ground；(2) rationally Dense planting.Every 667 m plants 650~700 plants, and root water is poured after field planting.And by 10：1 proportional arrangement has seed melon to make pollination product Kind；Field management：(1) rich water quality management.Seed manure gently is applied, after melon seedling field planting during 5~7 d (the climing cm of length 30 ~ 35), every 667 m The kg of urea 4~5 is applied, rear earthing is applied and spreads 1 layer of straw in furrow face, skilful apply urges climing fertilizer when melon seedling length is to 50 ~ 60 cm, every 667 M uses 15：l5：The kg of 15 potassium sulphate type ternary composite fertilizer 30, applies being ditched away from the cm of melon seedling root 30 ~ 35, applies rear earthing and pour Water, 7~10 d after bearing fruit, when young melon egg is big, heavy dressing swelling melon fertilizer, in the climing stretching, extension side of melon far from being opened at the cm of root 40~50 Cave, every 667 m applies the kg of urea 8~10, plus 15：15：The kg of 15 potassium sulphate type ternary composite fertilizer 40, promotees its fruit swollen rapidly Greatly.Later stage carries out foliage-spray with 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution, sprays 2~3 times altogether；(2) training is kept down the vines of a creeping plant.Double climing trainings are carried out, When main stem grows to 40 ~ 50 cm, carry out 1 training every 3~5 d, keep down the vines of a creeping plant, by it is climing it is neat guide same direction into and fix, extract side shoot And tendril；(3) artificial pollination and melon is stayed.The flowers are in blossom for Damxung puts, and carries out artificial pollination during female flower maturity when every morning 7 to 9, when Main stem the 2nd or the 3rd female flower knot melon are stayed during young melon length to egg size, every plant is only stayed 1 melon, remaining excision；(4) melon, pad are turned over Melon.10 d turn over melon 2~3 times later in fruit lower berth straw mattress melon after pollination, make its comprehensive light, 20 dR broad leaved plants after pollination Blade hides melon protection；The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：In droop early stage 40% carbendazim, 500 ~ 800 times of liquid irrigating roots, every 5~7 D is filled 1 time, is even filled 2 times；Prevent and treat anthracnose and foliar spray carried out with the high 1000 times of liquid of 10% generation or 25% P applied levels, be spaced 5 d, Even spray 3 times；Prevent and treat epidemic disease, downy mildew 64% Sandofan or 72% Du Pont gram and reveal 800 times of liquid sprayings；Virosis combination is prevented and treated to kill Viral 1000 times of liquid sprayings of acid amides that aphid of going out plus 10%；Bacterial angular leaf spot is prevented and treated to be sprayed with 3000 times of liquid of agricultural streptomycin；It is anti- Control pathogenicity test and tie up 2000 times of liquid sprayings of rhzomorph with 35% gram of moth treasured or 1.8 ~/0N；Prevent and treat melon aphid, trialeurodes vaporariorum 18%ut ~ worm quinoline 2000 times of liquid sprayings；Prevent and treat aulacophora femoralis larva and subterranean pest-insect 80% metrifonate, 1000 times of liquid irrigating roots；Prevent and treat red spider, thrips With propargite 73o/0 ~ 3000 times of sprayings of L oil.Preceding 15 d of harvest discontinues medication.

Further, windrow：(1) time.In late September, watermelon harvests preceding 15 d and carried out；(2) culture material formula.Every 667 M is converted by the m of cultivated area 400, per 1O0 the m kg of dry rice straw 1250, the kg of dry cow dung 800 (or the dry oxen of 300 kg The kg silkworm faeces of excrement ~ 1200), the kg of dish bran 75, urea 20, carbon ammonium 40, the kg of calcium superphosphate 50, land plaster 40, pulverized limestone 50 Kg, carbon-nitrogen ratio is (30~33)：1；Dish bran, urea, carbon ammonium, calcium superphosphate mixing are mixed thoroughly and prewetted, and heap are built after 2 d of accumulation, by material Wide 2 m of heap, high 1.5 m, depending on length is because of material；Method is first to spread 1 layer of straw (about 30 cm) water drenching afterwards on the ground, then will The auxiliary material prewetted is sprinkling upon on forage, such 1 layer of forage, 1 layer of auxiliary material, finally carries out heat and moisture preserving fermentation with covered rearing with plastic film. Build after the d of heap 5, stockpile temperature rises to 70 ~ 80 DEG C, start the 1st turning；Allow upper layer material and lower layered material, interior layered material and outer layered material Again heap is built after exchange, width is reduced to 1.8 m, highly constant, inserting extraction after 1 batten, heap every 1 m forms passage, after Epiphragma continues to ferment, after 2 d, when temperature rises to 70 DEG C or so in stockpile, will be taken off at the top of stockpile with underfooting surrounding film Open and ventilated in a part, increase stockpile, the 5th d after the 1st turning proceeds by the 2nd turning, and ibid, stockpile is wide for method Degree is reduced to 1.5 m, highly constant；Land plaster or calcium carbonate, are successively sprinkling upon on charge level needed for now adding；Such as expect that overdrying will add water Regulation, builds up epiphragma after stockpile, the 4th d after the 2nd turning carries out the 3rd turning, and lime is sprinkled into material, the 3rd time The 4th d after turning carries out the 4th turning, is this time last 1 turning, to regulate moisture and carry out desinsection processing, fine day Film is thrown off, allows waste gas to discharge, the rainy day covers film rain-proof, and compost is after 21 d fermentation reactor systems, you can shift-in mushroom house；It is whole Furrow and scaffolding are sterilized：Through clearing up rural area after watermelon harvest, mushroom-cultivating bed is made by former furrow, middle shed lid black plastic film is taken, Stay wide 40 cm, deep 25 cm operation road, mushroom house two ends film gating in the m of inner width 1.6 in high about 1.8 rn of canopy, canopy, center Laterally sunshade net is drawn to cover on curtain, top, surrounding holds gutter successfully；Preceding 2 d of charging 80% DDVP, 800 times of liquid spraying desinsections, Opening two ends door curtain toxin expelling after closed diel is fumigated with formalin again；Stone and sowing：(2) sow, from mycelial growth Normal good quality strain, 3 d material temperatures are sowed after being down to 28 DEG C after charging, are broken up strain uniform broadcasting and are compacted in material furrow face 3 cm compost is covered again；(3) bacterium germination is managed.Based on 1~3 d is managed with sealing, moisturizing after broadcasting, 3~7 d, mycelium germination is opened Beginning material feeding, small ventilation, 7~1 1d, mycelia has started to horizontal material feeding, to be gradually increased ventilation, promotes mycelial growth； (4) earthing, timely blinding when after planting about 15 d mycelia material feedings are up to 2/3, the cIrl of thickness 3, soil property requires wet without viscous, loose It is ventilative, the cm of diameter 1.0~1.5, and 1 layer of lime is gently spread, adjust moisturizing of being sprayed water after acid-base value, earthing；Management：(1) moisture pipe After reason, earthing when a large amount of villiform mycelia are seen in soil, spray knot mushroom water, while strengthening mushroom house ventilation, promotes table soil in time Dry, induce mycelia knot, when seeing the big small mushroom bud of the grain of rice, respray knot mushroom water, even 3 d of spray, and stronger ventilation amount promote fructification Formed；Mushroom house relative humidity 85% ~ 95% is kept later, after a damp mushroom terminates, 1 change of tide water is resprayed in time, later water spray Amount should specifically be grasped according to mushroom amount and weather, and mushroom is the more sprayed, and mushroom is sprayed less, sprayed fine day, overcast and rainy few spray more, sprayed and fitted early stage more When stronger ventilation amount, the later stage sprays reduction ventilation less；(2) temperature adjustment.When mercury dropped is to less than l2 DEG C, epiphragma insulation, Water spray is carried out at noon, when the temperature rises to more than 18 DEG C, strengthens aeration-cooling, and water spray is carried out in early, evening；(3) rationally topdress. Produce after the tide of mushroom 3,1 0.2% urea liquid of spray or the biogas slurry through filtering dilution when temperature is less than 20 DEG C；The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：Go out When existing the dead mushroom of disease or miscellaneous bacteria, to be removed in time together with following compost, and calcium lime powder sterilization is sprinkled in happening part；Have It can be sprayed when acarid and the generation of mushroom fly with 3000 times of liquid of decis；Harvesting：When mushroom fruitbody bacteria cover diameter reaches 3~4 Cm, is harvested in time when mycoderm not yet ruptures.

The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：1. method is simple, with low cost, easy to operate；

2. utilization rate is high, remarkable in economical benefits；

3. it is adapted to popularize in an all-round way.

Embodiment

The principle and feature to the present invention are described with reference to embodiments, and the given examples are served only to explain the present invention, It is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

A kind of paddy rice watermelon mushroom interplanting method, comprises the following steps：Early March is begun sowing in good time, and early April can throw cultivation, 7 The moon 20 or so is harvested, while autumn watermelon is in seeding and seedling raising mid-July, late July field planting, l0 the first tenday period of a month month can harvest listing, the l0 months The middle ten days carries out agaricus bisporus plantation, harvests March November to next year.

The foregoing is only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not intended to limit the invention, it is all the present invention spirit and Within principle, any modification, equivalent substitution and improvements made etc. should be included in the scope of the protection.

Claims (4)

1. a kind of paddy rice watermelon mushroom interplanting method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：Early March is begun sowing in good time, on April Cultivation can be thrown ten days, harvested July 20 or so, while autumn watermelon is in seeding and seedling raising mid-July, late July field planting, l0 the first tenday period of a month month can receive Listing is obtained, the l0 middle of the month carries out agaricus bisporus plantation, harvests March November to next year.

2. a kind of paddy rice watermelon mushroom interplanting method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that sowing and seedling, using modeling Expect the covering seedling of floppy disk film, 45 ~ 50,434 ~ L seedlings disks of every 667 m2：(1) seed treatment, is soaked using " three ups and three downs " method Kind, 7~8 h are soaked every time, kind is first washed before leaching, and strong chlorine oil (or making hectogram) sterilization is added during the 2nd seed soaking, vernalization is cleaned after leaching； (2) seedling bed prepares, and selects the convenient field of vegetables of irrigation and drainage, furrow of having ditched, site preparation, by seedling disc area for seedling bed；(3) Nutrition Soil prepares, The kg sieving fine earths of seedling agent 400g ~ 40 are strengthened with " sunflower " board before sowing to mix thoroughly after vexed 1 d, are filled to add to seedling tray and are made subsoil；(4) sow, seedling Disk is double to be put, after the sufficient water of spray, and uniform broadcasting, every 667 m2 crop fields kind of 1.5 kg cover remaining fine earth after broadcasting, then use Clear water is squirted, depressed arch epiphragma after mud more than removing card；(5) rice shoot is managed, and seedling is it is noted that weather condition, when temperature is too high, takes off Open film two aeration-cooling, meet long-time rainy weather, open film two ventilation 1 time every 2~3 d noons, usually keep Disk soil moistening, 4~5 d gradually take off film hardening before transplanting；

Throw and plant：(1) crop field is arranged, and preceding work is that the field of cultivated mushroom 7d will turn over rake and macerate before rice transplanting, allows field soil to sink naturally in fact, Seedling throwing field will be flattened, net grass, shallow water；(2) the rice transplanting phase；

Fine day afternoon or cloudy rice transplanting when early April temperature is up to 15 DEG C；(3) throw and plant density；

Every 667 IIl2 throws 1.8 ten thousand~2.0 ten thousand root and stem of certain plants, throws and first divides railway carriage or compartment when planting, throw full field seedling number the 1st time 70%, and the 2nd time will be remaining 3o% fill a vacancy, throw it is even；

Field management：(1) fertilizing management；

Base manure is used sufficient, is topdressed in good time, N, P, K are reasonably combined, base manure accounts for the 70% of total dose；Topdress and account for 30%, base manure every 667 M2 applies 15：15：The kg of 15=component composite fertilizer 40, the IIl2 of 7d ~ 667 after inserting that topdresses applies 8~l0 of urea kg, potassium chloride 10 and divided Fetilizer for tillering, and add the bag of Paoyangling 1 to mix thoroughly and spread fertilizer over the fields, the d of 3~4 cm depth of waters 5~7 is kept, the middle and late growth stage applies chlorination when sword-like leave reveals point Potassium and each 2.5~3.0 kg of urea make ear manuer, and During Grain-filling sprays potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2~3 times；(2) water management；

Shallow water tiller, enough seedling dew dry fields have water heading, and dry and wet strengthens grain to maturation, and preceding 7 d of harvesting, which cuts off the water supply, to be advisable；

The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：Strengthen Healthy culture, selection in good time is efficient, low-toxin farm chemicals preventing and treating, such as preventing and treating yellow rice borer, rice leaf roller Frontline, AVM, chlopyrifos can be used；Prevent and treat planthopper buprofezin, imidacloprid；Prevent and treat rice blast using tricyclazole, Kasumin；Prevent and treat banded sclerotial blight, false smut and use the agricultural chemicals such as jinggangmycin；

Harvest：Gathered in when maturity is up to 95%, and receive solarization, storage straw in time.

3. a kind of paddy rice watermelon mushroom interplanting method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that autumn watermelon is broadcast mid-July Plant nursery：(1) seed disinfection；

Seed is shone into 1 d before broadcasting and the selected rear hot water with 55 ~ 60 DEG C scalds and plants and stir, 10 min are kept, when temperature is down to 40 DEG C when stop stirring, continue soak seed 2~3 h after clean seed, dry vernalization at a temperature of seed is placed in into 33 ~ 35 DEG C after broken shell, Sowed when radicle grows 0.5 cm；(2) nutrition cup nursery；

Seedbed is preferably selected in nearer, the slightly higher place of physical features away from field planting field, and Nutrition Soil is added with the field fine earth of fertile sieving to become thoroughly decomposed Farm manure press 6：1 ratio mixing is mixed thoroughly, and every cubic metre of Nutrition Soil uses 15：15：15 3 kg of NPK ~ JIl clean waters Dissolving, another Jia 72.2% general makes every effort to overcome 800 times of liquid, is sprayed onto in Nutrition Soil and mixes thoroughly, the d of stack retting 15~20 fills cup after becoming thoroughly decomposed completely；

The sowing of the fine day morning is selected, every glass is broadcast 1 melon kind, broadcasts the rear cm of earthing 0.5, and the m built lid agricultural films of top 1 add sunshade net, Take shelter from rain solarization nursery；(3) seedling management；

The kind shell being clipped on leaf is extractd when emerging in time, is watered less as far as possible on the basis of Di Shui is poured, is done when seedling soil rises It can be sprinkled water when splitting thread with watering can morning one time, be colonized preceding 4~5 d stoppings and water, through 10~12 d, during 31 heart of leaf of melon seedling Field planting；Field planting：(1) site preparation；

Bracing wire is turned over before field planting and plays high ridge (to facilitate management and rear stubble scaffolding kind mushroom), furrow face wide 1.6 m, every 667 m2 apply high-quality The kg of organic JJ ~ 2000 adds 15：15：15 potassium sulphate type ternary composite fertilizer 4O kg remove to apply makees base manure, recurrence zanjon, hack in furrow face Mix thoroughly, it is smooth, open cave on furrow face both sides, in a triangle, 1 d carries out soil treatment with herbicide " Jin Douer " before field planting, it is fixed Mulch film is covered during plant above cave, and is being opened at cave with the standardized "T"-shaped mouth of blade, rotten nutrition cup is torn, plants into melon seedling, is compacted periphery Soil, then mulch film is covered tightly, be compacted, and makes film close proximity to ground；(2) rational close planting；

Every 667 m plants 650~700 plants, and root water is poured after field planting；

And by 10：1 proportional arrangement has seed melon to make pollinated variety；Field management：(1) rich water quality management；

Seed manure gently is applied, after melon seedling field planting during 5~7 d (the climing cm of length 30 ~ 35), every 667 m applies the kg of urea 4~5, is covered after applying Soil simultaneously spreads 1 layer of straw in furrow face, and when melon seedling length is to 50 ~ 60 cm, skilful apply urges climing fertilizer, and every 667 m uses 15：l5：15 potassium sulfate types The kg of NPK 30, applies being ditched away from the cm of melon seedling root 30 ~ 35, applies rear earthing and water, 7~10 d after bearing fruit, children When melon egg is big, heavy dressing swelling melon fertilizer applies urea 8~10 in the climing stretching, extension side of melon far from cave, every 667 m is opened at the cm of root 40~50 Kg, plus 15：15：The kg of 15 potassium sulphate type ternary composite fertilizer 40, promotees its fruit and expands rapidly；

Later stage carries out foliage-spray with 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution, sprays 2~3 times altogether；(2) training is kept down the vines of a creeping plant；

The double climing trainings of implementation, when main stem grows to 40 ~ 50 cm, every 3~5 d progress, 1 training, keep down the vines of a creeping plant, are neatly guided into climing together One direction is fixed, and extracts side shoot and tendril；(3) artificial pollination and melon is stayed；

The flowers are in blossom for Damxung puts, and carries out artificial pollination during female flower maturity when every morning 7 to 9, is stayed when young melon length to egg size Main stem the 2nd or the 3rd female flower knot melon, every plant is only stayed 1 melon, remaining excision；(4) melon, pad melon are turned over；

10 d turn over melon 2~3 times later in fruit lower berth straw mattress melon after pollination, make its comprehensive light, and 20 dR broad-leaveds are planted after pollination Thing blade hides melon protection；The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：In droop early stage 40% carbendazim, 500 ~ 800 times of liquid irrigating roots, every 5~ 7 d are filled 1 time, are even filled 2 times；Prevent and treat anthracnose and foliar spray, interval 5 are carried out with the high 1000 times of liquid of 10% generation or 25% P applied levels D, even spray 3 times；Prevent and treat epidemic disease, downy mildew 64% Sandofan or 72% Du Pont gram and reveal 800 times of liquid sprayings；Prevent and treat virosis combination Viral 1000 times of liquid sprayings of acid amides that killing aphid adds 10%；Bacterial angular leaf spot is prevented and treated to be sprayed with 3000 times of liquid of agricultural streptomycin； Prevent and treat pathogenicity test and tie up 2000 times of liquid sprayings of rhzomorph with 35% gram of moth treasured or 1.8 ~/0N；Prevent and treat melon aphid, trialeurodes vaporariorum 18%ut ~ worm 2000 times of liquid sprayings of quinoline；Prevent and treat aulacophora femoralis larva and subterranean pest-insect 80% metrifonate, 1000 times of liquid irrigating roots；Prevent and treat red spider, Ji Horse propargite 73o/0 ~ 3000 times of sprayings of L oil；Preceding 15 d of harvest discontinues medication.

4. a kind of paddy rice watermelon mushroom interplanting method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that windrow：(1) time；In 9 In the last ten-days period moon, watermelon harvests preceding 15 d and carried out；(2) culture material formula；Every 667 m is converted by the m of cultivated area 400, often 1O0 the m kg of dry rice straw 1250, the kg of dry cow dung 800 (or 300 kg dry cow dungs ~ 1200 kg silkworm faeces), the kg of dish bran 75, urea 20, carbon ammonium 40, the kg of calcium superphosphate 50, land plaster 40, the kg of pulverized limestone 50, carbon-nitrogen ratio is (30~33)：1；Dish bran, urea, Carbon ammonium, calcium superphosphate mixing are mixed thoroughly and prewetted, and heap are built after 2 d of accumulation, by wide 2 m of stockpile, high 1.5 m, depending on length is because of material；Method It is first to spread 1 layer of straw (about 30 cm) water drenching afterwards on the ground, then the auxiliary material prewetted is sprinkling upon on forage, such 1 layer of forage, 1 Layer auxiliary material, finally carries out heat and moisture preserving fermentation with covered rearing with plastic film；Build after the d of heap 5, stockpile temperature rises to 70 ~ 80 DEG C, opens Begin the 1st turning；Upper layer material is allowed to build heap after being exchanged with lower layered material, interior layered material with outer layered material again, width is reduced to 1.8 m, height It is constant, insert extraction after 1 batten, heap every 1 m and form passage, rear epiphragma continues to ferment, after 2 d, temperature in stockpile When rising to 70 DEG C or so, it will open and ventilated in a part, increase stockpile with underfooting surrounding film at the top of stockpile, turned at the 1st time The 5th d after heap proceeds by the 2nd turning, and ibid, stockpile width is reduced to 1.5 m to method, highly constant；Needed for now adding Land plaster or calcium carbonate, are successively sprinkling upon on charge level；Such as expecting overdrying will add water regulation, epiphragma after stockpile be built up, after the 2nd turning The 4th d carry out the 3rd turning, and lime is sprinkled into material, the 4th d after the 3rd turning carries out the 4th turning, is this time Last 1 turning, will regulate moisture and carry out desinsection processing, fine day throws off film, allows waste gas to discharge, the rainy day covers film and prevented Rain, compost is after 21 d fermentation reactor systems, you can shift-in mushroom house；Whole furrow and scaffolding are sterilized：Through clearing up rural area after watermelon harvest, Mushroom-cultivating bed is made by former furrow, the m of inner width 1.6 in middle shed lid black plastic film, high about 1.8 rn of canopy, canopy is taken, width is stayed at center Laterally sunshade net is drawn to cover on 40 cm, deep 25 cm operation road, mushroom house two ends film gating curtain, top, surrounding holds draining successfully Ditch；Preceding 2 d of charging 80% DDVP, 800 times of liquid spraying desinsections, then two ends are opened after fumigating closed diel with formalin Door curtain toxin expelling；Stone and sowing：(2) sow, from the normal good quality strain of mycelial growth, 3 d material temperatures are down to 28 DEG C after charging Sowed afterwards, break up the compost that strain uniform broadcasting is compacted cover 3 cm again in material furrow face；(3) bacterium germination is managed, 1 after broadcasting Based on~3 d are managed with sealing, moisturizing, 3~7 d, mycelium germination starts material feeding, and small ventilation, 7~1 1d, mycelia has started to Horizontal material feeding, will be gradually increased ventilation, promote mycelial growth；(4) earthing, after planting about 15 d mycelia material feedings up to when 2/3 and When blinding, the cIrl of thickness 3, soil property requires wet without viscous, loose ventilative, the cm of diameter 1.0~1.5, and gently spreads 1 layer of lime, adjusts Save moisturizing of being sprayed water after acid-base value, earthing；Management：(1) after water management, earthing when a large amount of villiform mycelia are seen in soil, Spray knot mushroom water, while strengthening mushroom house ventilation, promotes table soil to dry, induces mycelia knot, when seeing the big small mushroom bud of the grain of rice, respray in time Mushroom water is tied, even 3 d of spray, and stronger ventilation amount promote fruit-body formation；Mushroom house relative humidity 85% ~ 95% is kept later, when one After damp mushroom terminates, 1 change of tide water is resprayed in time, and later injection flow rate should specifically be grasped according to mushroom amount and weather, and mushroom is the more sprayed, mushroom It is few to spray, being sprayed fine day, overcast and rainy few spray, spray more than early stage and appropriate stronger ventilation amount, the later stage spray reduction ventilation less more；(2) it is warm Degree regulation, when mercury dropped is to less than l2 DEG C, epiphragma insulation, water spray is carried out at noon, when the temperature rises to more than 18 DEG C, plus Forced ventilation cools, and water spray is carried out in early, evening；(3) rationally topdress, after the production tide of mushroom 3,1 time 0.2% urine of spray when temperature is less than 20 DEG C Plain solution or the biogas slurry through filtering dilution；The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：, be in time together with following culture when there is the dead mushroom of disease or miscellaneous bacteria Material is removed, and sprinkles calcium lime powder sterilization in happening part；Having can be sprayed when acarid and the generation of mushroom fly with 3000 times of liquid of decis Kill；

Harvesting：When mushroom fruitbody bacteria cover diameter reaches 3~4 cm, harvested in time when mycoderm not yet ruptures.