CN108125133A - 一种高纳豆激酶复合豉脯的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种高纳豆激酶复合豉脯的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种高纳豆激酶复合豉脯的制备方法,一次发酵制备鲜豉后,以椴树蜂蜜晶种作为培养基的二次发酵,在二次发酵纳豆激酶含量最高时加入黑蒜汁进行灭菌终止发酵,最后拌入各种配料形成多种口味的高纳豆激酶复合豉脯。本发明利用椴树蜜促进纳豆的二次发酵,尤其是椴树蜜中的松三糖作用显著,在二次发酵纳豆激酶含量最高时加入黑蒜汁进行灭菌终止发酵,不添加化学防腐添加剂,得到了一种保健作用强且安全的食品。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于食品加工技术领域,尤其是,提供了一种高纳豆激酶复 合豉脯的制备方法。
背景技术
纳豆源于中国,是日本一种独特的大豆传统食品,类似中国的豆豉。 纳豆是大豆经枯草杆菌(纳豆菌)发酵而成的一种功能性食品。经过纳 豆菌的发酵作用,大豆蛋白等成分分解成更利于消化吸收的小分子化合物, 并产生其它生理活性物质,表现出很多独特的营养特点和生理功能,被认 为是日本人长寿的“秘方”。纳豆相关科学研究在近年来取得了巨大进步, 其营养保健作用已经得到了证实。
纳豆中富含的皂青素能改善便秘,降低血脂,预防大肠癌、降低胆固 醇、软化血管、预防高血压和动脉硬化等;含有的游离异黄酮类物质及酶 类,如过氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶、蛋白酶、淀粉酶、脂酶等,可清除 体内自由基、延缓衰老等,并可提高食物的消化率;含有的纳豆激酶能够 溶血栓、软化血管,有效改善人体微循环体系,减少心血管疾病的发病率; 含有的纳豆菌可以调节肠道菌群平衡,预防痢疾、肠炎和便秘;含有的 维生素K2能够有效增加机体对钙含量的吸收,增加骨密度,减少骨质 疏松发生等功效。
纳豆的消化率高达85%,蛋白质、钙、铁、维生素B1和维生素B12 等成分含量增高,其中纤维、钙、铁、钾的含量甚至超过鸡蛋。研究表明, 纳豆的保健功能主要与其中的纳豆激酶、异黄酮、皂青素、维生素K2等 功能因子有关。纳豆的营养价值和保健价值都很高,每百克纳豆含有蛋白 质31.2克,脂肪19.9克,碳水化合物22.8克,钙331mg,磷503mg,铁13.7mg。
现有的纳豆制备方法,主要包括以下步骤,预处理、浸泡、蒸煮、冷 却、接种、发酵、冷藏,为一次性发酵,导致制备的纳豆具有苦味和臭味, 影响了纳豆的口感,不易被消费者接受。
发明内容
针对上述问题,本发明提供了一种高纳豆激酶复合豉脯的制备方法, 目的是提供一种纳豆激酶含量高并且菌群健康和丰富的高纳豆激酶复合 豉脯。
一种高纳豆激酶复合豉脯的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤一、一次发酵制备鲜豉:
大豆于1至1.5倍体积的纯净水中浸泡12至24小时后蒸30分钟, 冷却到80℃后,用喷雾器将浓度为107cfu/mL的纳豆芽孢杆菌液喷淋在 熟豆上,每公斤熟豆接种菌液1~1.5毫升进行发酵,发酵环境湿度控制在 80~85%,温度为35~40℃,发酵15至20小时得到鲜豉;
步骤二、制备椴树蜂蜜晶种:
恒温50℃预热椴树蜂蜜进行解晶,粗过滤后升温至60℃杀酵,加入 椴树蜂蜜重量3%的活性炭后于45℃恒温3小时,进行阴阳离子交换处理、 酸性白土过滤3次、400~500目精滤;低压0.09Mp下恒温50℃浓缩至 含水量18%~22%,恒温5℃放置40~50分钟得到松三糖占总糖质量分数 6.5%至7%,葡萄糖和果糖的重量比值在1:0.8的结晶,超声功率140W, 时间14min,温度33℃超声粉碎,以功率700W微波处理55s灭活后 得到椴树蜂蜜晶种;
步骤三、二次发酵制备复合豉脯:
将椴树蜂蜜晶种与鲜豉按重量比例1-50:1混合,发酵环境湿度控制 在80~85%,温度为35~40℃,二次发酵6至48h小时,加入黑蒜汁混匀 终止二次发酵得到二次发酵豉脯,加入配料后得到高纳豆激酶复合豉脯。
优选的,椴树蜂蜜晶种与鲜豉按重量比例1:1、10:1、20:1或50: 1混合,二次发酵时间为6、12、18、24、36或48小时。
优选的,所述黑蒜汁为黑蒜与水按重量比0.1-0.25:1匀浆得到。
最优选的,所述椴树蜂蜜晶种与鲜豉按重量比例20:1混合,二次发 酵18小时加入黑蒜汁混匀终止二次发酵。
优选的,所述配料为榴莲果肉,将所述二次发酵豉脯和榴莲果肉按照 重量比2:1混合均匀得到榴莲复合豉脯。
优选的,所述配料为瓜料,将绿皮南瓜丝、牛腿瓜丝和椴树蜂蜜按重 量比9:1:1混合均匀于80~120℃蒸熟后绞碎得到瓜料,将所述二次发 酵豉脯和瓜料按照重量比1:1混合均匀得到瓜料复合豉脯。
优选的,所述配料为火龙果酱,将火龙果肉颗粒与树莓果酱按照重量 比3:2于80~120℃熬制10分钟,再次加入火龙果肉颗粒,两次加入的 火龙果肉颗粒重量相同,熬制2分钟后冷却得到火龙果酱,将所述二次发 酵豉脯和火龙果酱按照重量比3:2混合均匀得到火龙果复合豉脯。
优选的,所述配料为辣酱、麻辣鲜露和鸡粉,将泰椒、辣椒坯、纯净 水、麻辣鲜露、辣鲜露、食盐和麻椒面按重量比1:2:1:0.15:0.1:0.05: 0.02混合于80~120℃熬制5分钟后得到辣酱,将所述二次发酵豉脯、辣 酱、麻辣鲜露和鸡粉按重量比1:0.6:0.05:0.02混合均匀腌制12小时 得到麻辣复合豉脯。
本发明的技术优势:
1)本发明使用蜂蜜作为二次发酵的培养基,使得本发明提供的复合 豉脯比单纯的一次发酵鲜豉中的纳豆激酶含量提高47.46~56.98%,具有更 好的溶栓降脂的作用。本发明使用的蜂蜜是提纯后的椴树蜂蜜,二次发酵 豉脯比椴树蜂蜜中的椴树蜜总酚和总黄酮提高66.6%和65.4%,具有更强 的抗氧化性。
2)本发明通过黑蒜汁在纳豆激酶的含量较高水平时杀灭发酵菌终止 二次发酵,黑蒜汁具有天然强效杀菌作用,可以避免产品腐坏,不必再添 加其它化学防腐添加剂。此外,黑蒜自身具有很强的抗氧化性和多种有益 成分,进一步提高了产品的保健功能。
3)本发明使用的椴树蜂蜜对二次发酵促进作用明显优于枣花蜜,椴 树蜂蜜含有丰富的天然松三糖,二次发酵时被摄入纳豆杆菌吸收后,通过 杆菌肽和多黏菌素分解,促进菌株旺盛生长分解纳豆激酶。由于纳豆芽孢 杆菌对枣花蜜成分的摄入分解能力和利用能力不足,椴树蜂蜜参与的二次 发酵比枣花蜜参与的二次发酵最终纳豆激酶含量高6.77%~16.67%。
4)本发明中的椴树蜂蜜进行脱色脱味提纯和灭菌,在保留有益成分 的基础上避免二次发酵时的杂菌污染,保证了食品安全性。本发明的二次 发酵二次发酵豉脯与多种配料混合后,口味和口感多样化,与水果配料的 混合适应性比直接与鲜豉混合好。
具体实施方式
为使本领域的技术人员更好地理解本发明的技术方案,下面对本发明 提供的一种高纳豆激酶复合豉脯的制备方法进行详细描述。
实施例一高纳豆激酶复合豉脯
一种高纳豆激酶复合豉脯的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤一、一次发酵制备鲜豉:
大豆于1至1.5倍体积的纯净水中浸泡12至24小时后蒸30分钟, 冷却到80℃后,用喷雾器将浓度为107cfu/mL的纳豆芽孢杆菌液喷淋在 熟豆上,每公斤熟豆接种菌液1~1.5毫升进行发酵,发酵环境湿度控制在 80~85%,温度为35~40℃,发酵15至20小时得到鲜豉;
步骤二、制备椴树蜂蜜晶种:
恒温50℃预热椴树蜂蜜进行解晶,粗过滤后升温至60℃杀酵,加入 椴树蜂蜜重量3%的活性炭后于45℃恒温3小时,进行阴阳离子交换处理、 酸性白土过滤3次、400~500目精滤;低压0.09Mp下恒温50℃浓缩至 含水量18%~22%,恒温5℃放置40~50分钟得到松三糖占总糖质量分数 6.5%至7%,葡萄糖和果糖的重量比值在1:0.8的结晶,超声功率140W, 时间14min,温度33℃超声粉碎,以功率700W微波处理55s灭活后 得到椴树蜂蜜晶种;
步骤三、二次发酵制备复合豉脯:
将椴树蜂蜜晶种与鲜豉按重量比例1-50:1混合,发酵环境湿度控制 在80~85%,温度为35~40℃,二次发酵6至48h小时,加入黑蒜与水按 重量比0.1-0.25:1匀浆得到的黑蒜汁混匀终止二次发酵得到二次发酵豉 脯,加入配料后得到高纳豆激酶复合豉脯。
按照椴树蜂蜜晶种与鲜豉按重量比例1:1、10:1、20:1或50:1 混合,二次发酵时间为6、12、18、24、36或48小时;枣花蜜晶种与鲜 豉按重量比例1:1、10:1、20:1或50:1混合,二次发酵时间为6、 12、18、24、36或48小时;不加任何蜂蜜,鲜豉二次发酵时间为6、12、 18、24、36或48小时后测定纳豆激酶活性。
表格1蜂蜜晶种与鲜豉按重量比例50:1二次发酵纳豆激酶生物活性数据(IU/g)
从表格1可见,同样条件下,二次发酵椴树蜜豉脯比二次发酵枣花蜜 豉脯增长6.77%,比二次发酵鲜豉增长49.44%。
表格2蜂蜜晶种与鲜豉按重量比例10:1纳豆激酶生物活性数据(IU/g)
从表格2可见,同样条件下,二次发酵椴树蜜豉脯比二次发酵枣花蜜 豉脯增长9.18%,比二次发酵鲜豉增长47.46%。
表格3蜂蜜晶种与鲜豉按重量比例20:1纳豆激酶生物活性数据(IU/g)
从表格3可见,同样条件下,二次发酵椴树蜜豉脯比二次发酵枣花蜜 豉脯增长11.35%,比二次发酵鲜豉增长56.98%。
表格4蜂蜜晶种与鲜豉按重量比例1:1纳豆激酶生物活性数据(IU/g)
从表格4可见,同样条件下,二次发酵椴树蜜豉脯比二次发酵枣花蜜 豉脯增长16.67%,比二次发酵鲜豉增长47.69%。
综上,最优选的,椴树蜂蜜晶种与鲜豉按重量比例20:1混合,二次 发酵18小时加入黑蒜汁混匀终止二次发酵时得到产品中的纳豆激酶生物 活性最高。
实施例二榴莲复合豉脯
如实施例一制备二次发酵豉脯,加入黑蒜汁混匀终止二次发酵后,加 入榴莲果肉,将二次发酵豉脯和榴莲果肉按照重量比2:1混合均匀得到 榴莲复合豉脯。
实施例三瓜料复合豉脯
如实施例一制备二次发酵豉脯,加入黑蒜汁混匀终止二次发酵后,加 入瓜料。将绿皮南瓜丝、牛腿瓜丝和椴树蜂蜜按重量比9:1:1混合均匀 于80~120℃蒸熟后绞碎得到瓜料,将二次发酵豉脯和瓜料按照重量比1: 1混合均匀得到瓜料复合豉脯。
实施例四火龙果复合豉脯
如实施例一制备二次发酵豉脯,加入黑蒜汁混匀终止二次发酵后,加 入火龙果酱。将火龙果肉颗粒与树莓果酱按照重量比3:2于80~120℃熬 制10分钟,再次加入火龙果肉颗粒,两次加入的火龙果肉颗粒重量相同, 熬制2分钟后冷却得到火龙果酱,将二次发酵豉脯和火龙果酱按照重量比 3:2混合均匀得到火龙果复合豉脯。
实施例五麻辣复合豉脯
如实施例一制备二次发酵豉脯,加入黑蒜汁混匀终止二次发酵后,加 入麻辣调味料。麻辣调味料为辣酱、麻辣鲜露和鸡粉。将泰椒、辣椒坯、 纯净水、麻辣鲜露、辣鲜露、食盐和麻椒面按重量比1:2:1:0.15:0.1: 0.05:0.02混合于80~120℃熬制5分钟后得到辣酱,将二次发酵豉脯、辣 酱、麻辣鲜露和鸡粉按重量比1:0.6:0.05:0.02混合均匀腌制12小时得到麻辣复合豉脯。
可以理解的是,以上实施方式仅仅是为了说明本发明的原理而采用的 示例性实施方式,然而本发明并不局限于此。对于本领域内的普通技术人 员而言,在不脱离本发明的精神和实质的情况下,可以做出各种变型和改 进,这些变型和改进也视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (8)
1.一种高纳豆激酶复合豉脯的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
步骤一、一次发酵制备鲜豉:
大豆于1至1.5倍体积的纯净水中浸泡12至24小时后蒸30分钟,冷却到80℃后,用喷雾器将浓度为107cfu/mL的纳豆芽孢杆菌液喷淋在熟豆上,每公斤熟豆接种菌液1~1.5毫升进行发酵,发酵环境湿度控制在80~85%,温度为35~40℃,发酵15至20小时得到鲜豉;
步骤二、制备椴树蜂蜜晶种:
恒温50℃预热椴树蜂蜜进行解晶,粗过滤后升温至60℃杀酵,加入椴树蜂蜜重量3%的活性炭后于45℃恒温3小时,进行阴阳离子交换处理、酸性白土过滤3次、400~500目精滤;低压0.09Mp下恒温50℃浓缩至含水量18%~22%,恒温5℃放置40~50分钟得到松三糖占总糖质量分数6.5%至7%,葡萄糖和果糖的重量比值在1:0.8的结晶,超声功率140W,时间14min,温度33℃超声粉碎,以功率700W微波处理55s灭活后得到椴树蜂蜜晶种;
步骤三、二次发酵制备复合豉脯:
将椴树蜂蜜晶种与鲜豉按重量比例1-50:1混合,发酵环境湿度控制在80~85%,温度为35~40℃,二次发酵6至48h小时,加入黑蒜汁混匀终止二次发酵得到二次发酵豉脯,加入配料后得到高纳豆激酶复合豉脯。
2.根据权利要求1所述的高纳豆激酶复合豉脯的制备方法,其特征在于,椴树蜂蜜晶种与鲜豉按重量比例1:1、10:1、20:1或50:1混合,二次发酵时间为6、12、18、24、36或48小时。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的高纳豆激酶复合豉脯的制备方法,其特征在于,所述黑蒜汁为黑蒜与水按重量比0.1-0.25:1匀浆得到。
4.根据权利要求3所述的高纳豆激酶复合豉脯的制备方法,其特征在于,所述椴树蜂蜜晶种与鲜豉按重量比例20:1混合,二次发酵18小时加入黑蒜汁混匀终止二次发酵。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的高纳豆激酶复合豉脯的制备方法,其特征在于,所述配料为榴莲果肉,将所述二次发酵豉脯和榴莲果肉按照重量比2:1混合均匀得到榴莲复合豉脯。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的高纳豆激酶复合豉脯的制备方法,其特征在于,所述配料为瓜料,将绿皮南瓜丝、牛腿瓜丝和椴树蜂蜜按重量比9:1:1混合均匀于80~120℃蒸熟后绞碎得到瓜料,将所述二次发酵豉脯和瓜料按照重量比1:1混合均匀得到瓜料复合豉脯。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的高纳豆激酶复合豉脯的制备方法,其特征在于,所述配料为火龙果酱,将火龙果肉颗粒与树莓果酱按照重量比3:2于80~120℃熬制10分钟,再次加入火龙果肉颗粒,两次加入的火龙果肉颗粒重量相同,熬制2分钟后冷却得到火龙果酱,将所述二次发酵豉脯和火龙果酱按照重量比3:2混合均匀得到火龙果复合豉脯。
8.根据权利要求1或2所述的高纳豆激酶复合豉脯的制备方法,其特征在于,所述配料为辣酱、麻辣鲜露和鸡粉,将泰椒、辣椒坯、纯净水、麻辣鲜露、辣鲜露、食盐和麻椒面按重量比1:2:1:0.15:0.1:0.05:0.02混合于80~120℃熬制5分钟后得到辣酱,将所述二次发酵豉脯、辣酱、麻辣鲜露和鸡粉按重量比1:0.6:0.05:0.02混合均匀腌制12小时得到麻辣复合豉脯。
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CN104381781A (zh) * | 2014-11-14 | 2015-03-04 | 华南理工大学 | 一种蜂蜜贮存和绿色加工的方法 |
CN106036489A (zh) * | 2016-05-26 | 2016-10-26 | 湖北麦克森生物技术有限公司 | 一种纳豆粉的制备方法 |
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