CN108102769A - 具有提高的燃料效率和低粘度的车轴油组合物 - Google Patents

具有提高的燃料效率和低粘度的车轴油组合物 Download PDF

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CN108102769A
CN108102769A CN201710248829.7A CN201710248829A CN108102769A CN 108102769 A CN108102769 A CN 108102769A CN 201710248829 A CN201710248829 A CN 201710248829A CN 108102769 A CN108102769 A CN 108102769A
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viscosity
fluid composition
oil
weight
axle
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CN108102769B (zh
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李承昱
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Hyundai Motor Co
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Abstract

本发明提供了具有提高的燃料效率和低粘度的车轴油组合物，其中所述车轴油组合物包含40至70重量％的聚α‑烯烃(PAO)合成油；5至35重量％的油溶性聚亚烷基二醇(OSP)合成油；15至20重量％的基于酯的粘度改进剂；0.05至0.5重量％的方解石；和5至20重量％的添加剂，其中具有提高的燃料效率和低粘度的车轴油组合物在100℃下的平均运动粘度为11.5至13.5cSt，40℃下的平均运动粘度为65至75cSt，即使在低粘度下也形成具有85至96nm的厚度的油膜，大大提高了车辆的耐久性和燃料效率。

Description

具有提高的燃料效率和低粘度的车轴油组合物
技术领域
本发明涉及具有提高的燃料效率和低粘度的车轴油组合物。更具体地，本发明涉及具有提高的燃料效率和低粘度的车轴油组合物，其能够通过以适当的比例混合和使用基于酯的粘度改进剂和方解石与聚α-烯烃(PAO)合成油和油溶性聚亚烷基二醇(OSP)合成油以即使在低粘度下也形成厚油膜，提高车辆的燃料效率和耐久性。
背景技术
通常，用于车辆、工业机器等中的车轴油用于在轴壳中各个齿轮和各种部件的接触部分上形成足够的油膜以润滑部件。特别地，在车轴油中，由于苛刻的环境因素，例如大的载荷、压力和各种部件的接合导致的温度变化，所以需要在所有的摩擦部分上形成足够的油膜的合适的粘度。
作为一种车轴油，包括车辆或农业机械的变速箱油或发动机油。车轴油主要通过使用石油衍生的基础油制备，但是存在由于苛刻和极端环境条件而不能满足粘度等的问题，耐久性等弱。
公开于本发明的背景部分的信息仅仅旨在加深对本发明的一般背景技术的理解，而不应当被视为承认或以任何形式暗示该信息构成已为本领域技术人员所公知的相关技术。
发明内容
为了解决这些问题，本发明人发现，当将基于酯的粘度改进剂、方解石和一般添加剂混合并与聚α-烯烃(PAO)合成油和油溶性聚亚烷基二醇(OSP)合成油一起使用时，在低粘度下形成厚油膜，以大大提高车辆的燃料效率和耐久性，完成了本发明。
因此，本发明的各个方面涉及提供在100℃下的平均运动粘度为11.5至13.5cSt、在40℃下的平均运动粘度为65至75cSt、并且构造成用于在低粘度下形成厚油膜的车轴油组合物。
本发明的各个方面涉及提供一种车轴油组合物，所述车轴油组合物含有40至70重量％的聚α-烯烃(PAO)合成油；5至35重量％的油溶性聚亚烷基二醇(OSP)合成油；15至20重量％的基于酯的粘度改进剂；0.05至0.5重量％的方解石；和5至20重量％的添加剂。
根据本发明的示例性实施方案，该车轴油组合物在100℃下的平均运动粘度为11.5至13.5cSt，在40℃下的平均运动粘度为65至75cSt，并且即使在低粘度下也能够形成具有85至96nm的厚度的油膜。
通过混合和使用基于酯的粘度改进剂、方解石和一般添加剂与聚α-烯烃(PAO)合成油和油溶性聚亚烷基二醇(OSP)合成油，本发明的车轴油组合物即使在低粘度下也形成厚油膜，以大大提高车辆的燃料效率和耐久性。
下面讨论本发明的其它方面和示例性具体实施方案。
应当理解，本文所使用的术语“车辆”或“车辆的”或其它类似术语一般包括机动车辆，例如包括运动型多用途车辆(SUV)、大客车、卡车、各种商用车辆的乘用汽车，包括各种舟艇、船舶的船只，航空器等等，并且包括混合动力车辆、电动车辆、可插式混合动力电动车辆、氢动力车辆以及其它替代性燃料车辆(例如源于非汽油的能源的燃料)。正如此处所提到的，混合动力车辆是具有两种或更多动力源的车辆，例如汽油动力和电力动力两者的车辆。通过纳入本文的用于说明本发明的某些原理的具体描述，本发明的方法和装置所具有的其它特征和优点将更为具体地变得清楚或得以阐明。
具体实施方式
下面将详细参考本发明的各个实施方案，这些实施方案的示例描述如下。尽管本发明将与示例性实施方案相结合进行描述，应当理解本说明书并非旨在将本发明限制为那些示例性实施方案。相反，本发明旨在不但覆盖这些示例性实施方案，而且覆盖可以被包括在由所附权利要求所限定的本发明的精神和范围之内的各种选择形式、修改形式、等价形式及其它实施方案。
在下文中，将作为一个示例性实施方案更详细地描述本发明。
根据本发明的示例性实施方案的车轴油组合物包括(1)聚α-烯烃(PAO)合成油，(2)聚亚烷基二醇(OSP)合成油，(3)基于酯的粘度改进剂，(4)方解石，和(5)一般添加剂。
本发明的示例性实施方案提供一种车轴油组合物，所述车轴油组合物含有40至70重量％的聚α-烯烃(PAO)合成油；5至35重量％的油溶性聚亚烷基二醇(OSP)合成油；15至20重量％的基于酯的粘度改进剂；0.05至0.5重量％的方解石；和5至20重量％的添加剂。
以下将更详细地描述包含在本发明的车轴油组合物中的各个成分。
聚α-烯烃(PAO)合成油
根据本发明的示例性实施方案，相对于车轴油组合物的总重量，聚α-烯烃(PAO)合成油的含量可以为40至70重量％。聚α-烯烃(PAO)合成油在100℃下的平均运动粘度可为3至8cSt，粘度指数可为130或更大，流点可为-50℃或更低。聚α-烯烃(PAO)合成油在100℃下的平均运动粘度可为3至8cSt，粘度指数可为130至150，流点可为-70℃至-50℃。
(2)油溶性聚亚烷基二醇(OSP)合成油
根据本发明的示例性实施方案，相对于车轴油组合物的总重量，油溶性聚亚烷基二醇(OSP)合成油的含量可以为5至35重量％。在本例的情况下，当含量小于5重量％时，可能无法预期由于油膜的增加而提高效率和耐久寿命的效果，当含量大于35重量％时，添加剂可能沉淀。
聚亚烷基二醇是通过将包括环氧乙烷(EO)、环氧丙烷(PO)和环氧丁烷(BO)在内的环氧烷烃共聚得到的聚合物，在本发明的一个示例性实施方案中，用作基础油的油溶性聚亚烷基二醇(OSP)是通过使环氧乙烷、比环氧丙烷具有更高碳含量的环氧丁烷、和苯乙烯氧化物共聚获得的聚合物，并且具有对油的溶解性(与常规的聚亚烷基二醇不同)和流动性。
油溶性聚亚烷基二醇(OSP)合成油在100℃下的平均运动粘度可为3至8cSt，粘度指数可为140或更大，流点可为-40℃或更低。油溶性聚亚烷基二醇(OSP)合成油在100℃下的平均运动粘度为6至12cSt，粘度指数为140至160，流点为-60℃至-40℃。
在上述聚α-烯烃(PAO)合成油和油溶性聚亚烷基二醇(OSP)合成油中，当100℃下的运动粘度小于该范围时，存在齿轮磨损增加的问题，当运动粘度大于该范围时，存在低温下粘度急剧增加、低温下的操作性和燃料效率变差的问题。
(3)基于酯的粘度改进剂
根据本发明的示例性实施方案，基于酯的粘度改进剂被配置为通过抑制低温下的粘度增加来增加车轴油的粘度并提高粘度指数。相对于车轴油组合物的总重量，基于酯的粘度改进剂的含量可以为15至20重量％。在本例的情况下，当含量小于15重量％时，粘度非常低，因此不能满足期望的耐久寿命效果，当含量大于20重量％时，粘度增加，车轴油膜的形成效率变差。
基于酯的粘度改进剂可使用杂化烯烃酯共聚物，所述杂化烯烃酯共聚物具有含有由(i)C6或更多个碳原子的α-烯烃单体和(ii)烯键式不饱和羧酸得到的单元的主链。在主链中，可以进一步包括乙烯基芳族化合物单体。在本例中，(i)C6或更多个碳原子的α-烯烃单体/(ii)烯键式不饱和羧酸或它们的衍生物的摩尔比为1:3至3:1，共聚物选择性地包括氮官能团。此外，共聚物的酯官能团来自醇混合物(称为国际公开号WO2013-123160中公开的基于酯的共聚物)。基于酯的粘度改进剂在100℃下的运动粘度可为200cSt。此外，剪切稳定性指数(SSI)可以为3％。本文中，SSI表示聚合物通过物理力破坏的特性，粘度劣化，3％表示轴承耐久前后粘度的劣化程度。作为代表性的粘度改进剂，可以使用市售的Lubrizol公司的MeridianTM(VH1200L)。
(4)方解石
根据本发明的示例性实施方案，方解石可以被配置为通过降低车轴油的温度来调节室温和高温下的过度粘度增加。方解石配置为提高高轴效率(与相同的粘度相比)和高耐久性。此外，即使在低粘度下，方解石也调节过度的粘度增加以形成厚油膜。
相对于车轴油组合物的总重量，方解石的含量可以为0.05至0.5重量％。在本例中，当含量小于0.05重量％时，降低车轴油温度的效果降低，当该含量大于0.5重量％时，可能引起基于酯的粘度改进剂的沉淀问题。方解石具有其中无定形碳酸钙(CaCO3)被粉化并且平均粒径可以为1至10nm的板状结构。
(5)添加剂
在根据本发明的示例性实施方案的车轴油组合物中，当需要时可以适当地和选择性地添加本领域中使用的添加剂。可以使用API GL-5级批准的添加剂或SAE J 2360批准的添加剂。
本发明的齿轮油组合物可以通过选择包括通用添加剂，并且本发明不受通用添加剂的使用量的限制。然而，如果含量受到限制，添加剂的含量相对于车轴油组合物的总重量可以为5至20重量％。
添加剂可以使用选自基于二硫代磷酸酯的耐磨剂、基于钙的清净分散剂、基于磷酸酯的摩擦改性剂、双-琥珀酰亚胺型无灰分散剂、多硫化物极压剂和抗氧化剂的至少一种。
包含上述成分和组成比的本发明的车轴油组合物在100℃下的平均运动粘度为11.5至13.5cSt，在40℃下的平均运动粘度为65至75cSt，并且即使在低粘度下也能够形成具有85至96nm的厚度的油膜。
通过混合和使用特定的基于酯的粘度改进剂、方解石和一般添加剂与聚α-烯烃(PAO)合成油和油溶性聚亚烷基二醇(OSP)合成油，本发明的车轴油组合物即使在低粘度下也形成厚油膜，以大大提高车辆的耐久性和燃料效率。
在下文中，将基于实施例更详细地描述本发明，并且本发明不限于如下实施例。
实施例
以下实例示例了本发明，并且并非旨在限制本发明。
实施例1至4和比较例1至9
通过下表1中所示的组成成分和含量比制备车轴油。
[表1]
测试实施例
对于实施例1至4和比较例1至9中制备的车轴油，通过以下方法测定物理性质。结果如下表2所示。
[测量物理性质的方法]
测量运动粘度的方法：使用ASTM D 445测量方法测量。
测量低温粘度的方法：使用ASTM D 2983测量方法测量。
测量油膜厚度的方法：由PCS公司的EHD设备测量。
测量轴传递效率的方法(％)：测量输入至变速箱的功率/从变速箱输出的功率的比值。
测量轴耐久性寿命的方法：通过在规定的扭矩和rpm下测量特定时间的耐久寿命后观察齿轮的磨损状态来测量。
[表2]
根据表2的结果，在比较例1和2中，显示当将添加剂和方解石颗粒恰好混合在PAO和OSP的混合油中时，在100℃下的运动粘度过度降低，耐久寿命显著降低。此外，在不包含OSP的比较例3和4中，证实了包括所需的轴效率，耐久寿命和轴温在内的物理条件均不满足。
在比较例5、6和7中，证实了耐久寿命和轴温取决于OSP、基于酯的粘度改进剂和方解石的使用而降低。此外，在比较例8和9中，证实产生沉淀物，因此不进行物理性质的测量。
另一方面，证实了实施例1至4中的车轴油组合物在100℃下的平均运动粘度为11.5至13.5cSt，在40℃下的平均运动粘度为65至75cSt。此外，证实油膜以85至96nm的厚度极好地形成。
此外，证实了从未产生添加剂的沉淀物，并且满足包括轴效率、轴耐久寿命和轴温在内的物理性质评估中所需的所有物理水平。
前面对本发明具体示例性实施方案所呈现的描述是出于说明和描述的目的。前面的描述并不旨在成为穷举的，也并不旨在把本发明限制为所公开的精确形式，显然，根据上述教导很多改变和变化都是可能的。选择示例性实施方案并进行描述是为了解释本发明的特定原理及其实际应用，从而使得本领域的其它技术人员能够实现并利用本发明的各种示例性实施方案及其不同选择形式和修改形式。本发明的范围意在由所附权利要求书及其等同形式所限定。

Claims (7)

1.一种车轴油组合物，包括：
40至70重量％的聚α-烯烃PAO合成油；
5至35重量％的油溶性聚亚烷基二醇OSP合成油；
15至20重量％的基于酯的粘度改进剂；
0.05至0.5重量％的方解石；和
5至20重量％的添加剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的车轴油组合物，其中所述聚α-烯烃PAO合成油在100℃下的平均运动粘度为3至8cSt，粘度指数为130或更大，流点为-50℃或更低。
3.根据权利要求1所述的车轴油组合物，其中油溶性聚亚烷基二醇OSP合成油在100℃下的平均运动粘度为3至8cSt，粘度指数为140或更大，流点为-40℃或更低。
4.根据权利要求1所述的车轴油组合物，其中所述基于酯的粘度改进剂为杂化烯烃酯共聚物，所述杂化烯烃酯共聚物的主链包含由i)C6或更多个碳原子的α-烯烃单体和ii)烯键式不饱和羧酸得到的单元。
5.根据权利要求1所述的车轴油组合物，其中所述方解石具有其中无定形碳酸钙CaCO3被粉化并且平均粒径为1nm至10nm的板状结构。
6.根据权利要求1所述的车轴油组合物，其中添加剂是选自如下的至少一种：基于二硫代磷酸酯的耐磨剂、基于钙的清净分散剂、基于磷酸酯的摩擦改性剂、双-琥珀酰亚胺型无灰分散剂、多硫化物极压剂和抗氧化剂。
7.根据权利要求1所述的车轴油组合物，其中所述车轴油组合物在100℃下的平均运动粘度为11至14cSt，在40℃下的平均运动粘度为60至80cSt。
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