WO2015034089A1 - 変速機油 - Google Patents
変速機油 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015034089A1 WO2015034089A1 PCT/JP2014/073692 JP2014073692W WO2015034089A1 WO 2015034089 A1 WO2015034089 A1 WO 2015034089A1 JP 2014073692 W JP2014073692 W JP 2014073692W WO 2015034089 A1 WO2015034089 A1 WO 2015034089A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
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- transmission oil
- mass
- oil
- transmission
- calcium carbonate
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M125/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an inorganic material
- C10M125/10—Metal oxides, hydroxides, carbonates or bicarbonates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M105/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
- C10M105/02—Well-defined hydrocarbons
- C10M105/04—Well-defined hydrocarbons aliphatic
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M159/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being of unknown or incompletely defined constitution
- C10M159/12—Reaction products
- C10M159/20—Reaction mixtures having an excess of neutralising base, e.g. so-called overbasic or highly basic products
- C10M159/22—Reaction mixtures having an excess of neutralising base, e.g. so-called overbasic or highly basic products containing phenol radicals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M159/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being of unknown or incompletely defined constitution
- C10M159/12—Reaction products
- C10M159/20—Reaction mixtures having an excess of neutralising base, e.g. so-called overbasic or highly basic products
- C10M159/24—Reaction mixtures having an excess of neutralising base, e.g. so-called overbasic or highly basic products containing sulfonic radicals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
- C10M169/042—Mixtures of base-materials and additives the additives being compounds of unknown or incompletely defined constitution only
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/06—Metal compounds
- C10M2201/062—Oxides; Hydroxides; Carbonates or bicarbonates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
- C10M2205/028—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers containing aliphatic monomers having more than four carbon atoms
- C10M2205/0285—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers containing aliphatic monomers having more than four carbon atoms used as base material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
- C10M2207/023—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
- C10M2207/028—Overbased salts thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/26—Overbased carboxylic acid salts
- C10M2207/262—Overbased carboxylic acid salts derived from hydroxy substituted aromatic acids, e.g. salicylates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2219/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
- C10M2219/046—Overbasedsulfonic acid salts
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
- C10N2010/04—Groups 2 or 12
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
- C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
- C10N2020/055—Particles related characteristics
- C10N2020/06—Particles of special shape or size
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/02—Pour-point; Viscosity index
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/52—Base number [TBN]
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/04—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
- C10N2040/042—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives for automatic transmissions
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/04—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
- C10N2040/045—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives for continuous variable transmission [CVT]
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
- C10N2050/015—Dispersions of solid lubricants
Definitions
- the present invention relates to transmission oil.
- An automatic transmission is a transmission having a mechanism in which a transmission torque ratio is automatically set in accordance with a vehicle speed, a load size, and the like.
- a torque converter, a gear mechanism, a hydraulic mechanism, And a wet clutch As a transmission, a continuously variable transmission (CVT) is often used, and a method of transmitting torque by friction between a metal belt or metal chain and a metal pulley is well known.
- CVT continuously variable transmission
- DCT dual clutch
- DCT is a kind of AT, but dedicated clutches are prepared for odd-numbered and even-numbered gears, and the gears of the next gear are meshed in advance at the time of gear shifting, so that a quick gear shifting can be achieved simply by switching the clutch.
- ⁇ s coefficient of static friction
- Patent Document 1 describes a lubricating oil composition for an automatic transmission in which a borated imide compound, a phosphite, and an overbased calcium sulfonate are blended with a base oil having a specific viscosity range. Has been.
- Patent Document 2 describes a lubricating oil composition obtained by blending a lubricating base oil with a polyol compound, an alkali metal borate, an ashless dispersant, and an alkaline earth metal sulfonate. According to this composition, the static friction coefficient ( ⁇ s) of the wet clutch can be further increased (see paragraph [0073] [Effects of the invention]).
- An object of the present invention is to provide a transmission oil having a sufficiently high static friction coefficient ( ⁇ s) while having a simple configuration.
- the present invention provides the following transmission oil.
- the present invention is a transmission oil in which calcium carbonate is blended with a base oil, and the calcium carbonate is dispersed in the transmission oil as an aggregated structure, and the aggregated structure has a particle diameter of 200 nm or more. It is characterized in that the percentage of the aggregated structure is 30% by mass or more based on the total amount of the aggregated structure and in terms of calcium, and the base number of the transmission oil by the hydrochloric acid method is 0.5 mgKOH / g or more and 10 mgKOH / g or less.
- the transmission oil of the present invention (hereinafter also referred to as “the present transmission oil”) will be described in detail below.
- the transmission oil obtained by blending calcium carbonate with the base oil is not only a transmission oil containing the base oil and calcium carbonate, but the component is modified in place of at least one component of the base oil or calcium carbonate. It also means a composition containing a modified product or a composition containing a reaction product by reacting the component.
- the base oil used for the transmission oil is not particularly limited, and may be at least one of mineral oil and synthetic oil, that is, each alone or in combination of two or more, or may be used in combination of mineral oil and synthetic oil. .
- These mineral oils and synthetic oils are not particularly limited, but can be applied as long as they are generally used as base oils for transmissions.
- the pour point which is an index of the low temperature fluidity of the base oil is not particularly limited, but is preferably ⁇ 10 ° C. or less, particularly preferably ⁇ 15 ° C. or less.
- a saturated hydrocarbon component is 90 mass% or more, a sulfur content is 0.03 mass% or less, and a viscosity index is 100 or more.
- the saturated hydrocarbon component is 90% by mass or more, the amount of the deteriorated product can be reduced.
- the sulfur content is 0.03% by mass or less, the amount of deteriorated product can be reduced.
- the viscosity index of the base oil is 100 or more, wear at high temperatures can be reduced.
- mineral oil examples include naphthenic mineral oil, paraffinic mineral oil, GTL WAX, and the like. Specific examples include light neutral oil, medium neutral oil, heavy neutral oil, bright stock and the like by solvent refining or hydrogenation refining.
- synthetic oils polybutene or a hydride thereof, polyalphaolefin (1-octene oligomer, 1-decene oligomer, etc.), alkylbenzene, polyol ester, dibasic acid ester, polyoxyalkylene glycol, polyoxyalkylene glycol ester, Examples include polyoxyalkylene glycol ethers, hindered esters, and silicone oils.
- PAO polyalphaolefin
- examples of PAO include not only an alpha olefin homopolymer but also an alpha olefin copolymer.
- the proportion of PAO in the base oil is preferably 30% by mass or more, and more preferably 50% by mass or more.
- 100 ° C. kinematic viscosity of PAO is preferably not more than 2 mm 2 / s or more 200 mm 2 / s.
- the transmission oil contains a specific form of calcium carbonate (hereinafter also referred to as “the present calcium carbonate”).
- the present calcium carbonate is dispersed in the transmission oil as an aggregate structure.
- the ratio of those having a particle diameter of 200 nm or more (hereinafter also referred to as “large particles”) is 30% by mass or more based on the total amount of the aggregate structure and in terms of calcium, preferably It is 40 mass% or more, More preferably, it is 50 mass% or more, More preferably, it is 60 mass% or more.
- ⁇ s a high coefficient of static friction
- the ratio of the aggregate structure having a particle diameter of 500 nm or more is preferably 50% by mass or less in terms of calcium based on the total amount of the aggregate structure.
- the above-described aggregate structure preferably has an average particle size of 180 nm or more and 1000 nm or less, and more preferably 190 nm or more and 900 nm or less from the viewpoint of the effect of the invention.
- the above-mentioned aggregated structure can be determined for its particle size, particle size distribution, and average particle size by electrophoretic light scattering.
- a particle size measurement system using ELSZ-1000S manufactured by Otsuka Electronics is suitable.
- calcium carbonate having an aggregate structure having a predetermined particle size distribution is added to the base oil or an arbitrary transmission oil. You may mix
- the production method of calcium carbonate, which is an aggregate structure is not particularly limited. For example, after neutralizing an organic acid with basic calcium oxide or hydroxide, excess basic calcium oxide or hydroxide is added. It can be obtained by carbonation.
- the blending amount of the calcium carbonate is preferably 0.001% by mass or more and 0.3% by mass or less, and 0.001% by mass or more and 0.2% by mass or less in terms of calcium based on the total amount of the transmission oil. Is more preferable, and more preferably 0.01% by mass or more and 0.2% by mass or less.
- the static friction coefficient ( ⁇ s) can be kept sufficiently high.
- the ratio of large particles in the transmission oil is preferably 0.003% by mass or more and 0.2% by mass or less, based on the total amount of the transmission oil and converted to calcium, and is 0.004% by mass or more and 0.18% by mass. More preferably, it is 0.01 mass% or more and 0.16 mass% or more. When the ratio of large particles in the transmission oil is within the above range, the static friction coefficient ( ⁇ s) can be kept sufficiently high.
- the overbased detergent is preferably at least one of sulfonate, salicylate and finate from the viewpoint of the effect of the invention.
- the transmission oil has a base number (JIS K2501) by the hydrochloric acid method of 0.5 mgKOH / g or more and 10 mgKOH / g or less, preferably 0.8 mgKOH / g or more and 5 mgKOH / g or less.
- the base number is within the above range, the static friction coefficient ( ⁇ s) can be kept sufficiently high.
- the overbased organic acid calcium salt compound itself may contain calcium carbonate as long as it is overbased, and its base number is not particularly limited, but the total base number by the perchloric acid method ( JIS K2501) is preferably 100 mgKOH / g or more and 600 mgKOH / g or less.
- the transmission oil preferably has a kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C. of 3 mm 2 / s or more and 8 mm 2 / s or less, and more preferably 4 mm 2 / s or more and 7 mm 2 / s or less from the viewpoint of the effect of the invention. Moreover, it is preferable that the viscosity index of this transmission oil is 100 or more.
- the present transmission oil can contain various additives as long as the object of the present invention is not impaired.
- additives include viscosity index improvers, antioxidants, antiwear agents, friction modifiers, ashless dispersants, metal deactivators, rust inhibitors, antifoaming agents, pour point depressants, interfaces.
- An activator, a colorant, and the like are appropriately used.
- Viscosity index improvers include polymethacrylates, dispersed polymethacrylates, olefin copolymers (eg, ethylene-propylene copolymers), dispersed olefin copolymers, styrene copolymers (eg, styrene- Diene copolymer, styrene-isoprene copolymer, etc.).
- the blending amount of the viscosity index improver is about 0.5% by mass or more and 15% by mass or less on the basis of the total amount of the transmission oil in terms of blending effect.
- the pour point depressant for example, polymethacrylate having a mass average molecular weight of about 10,000 to 150,000 is used.
- a preferable blending amount of the pour point depressant is about 0.01% by mass or more and 10% by mass or less based on the total amount of the transmission oil.
- antioxidants examples include amine-based antioxidants, phenol-based antioxidants, and sulfur-based antioxidants.
- amine antioxidants include monoalkyldiphenylamines such as monooctyldiphenylamine and monononyldiphenylamine, 4,4'-dibutyldiphenylamine, 4,4'-dipentyldiphenylamine, 4,4'-dihexyldiphenylamine, 4,4 ' -Dialkyldiphenylamines such as diheptyldiphenylamine, 4,4'-dioctyldiphenylamine, 4,4'-dinonyldiphenylamine, polyalkyldiphenylamines such as tetrabutyldiphenylamine, tetrahexyldiphenylamine, tetraoctyldiphenylamine, tetranonyldiphenylamine, ⁇ -Naphtylamine, phen
- phenolic antioxidants 2,6-di-t-butylphenol, 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methylphenol, 4,4'-methylenebis (2,6-di-t-butylphenol) 4,4'-butylidenebis (3-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol), 2,2'-methylenebis (4-ethyl-6-tert-butylphenol), 2,2'-methylenebis (4-methyl-6- t-butylphenol), 4,4'-isopropylidenebisphenol, 2,4-dimethyl-6-t-butylphenol, tetrakis [methylene-3- (3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate] Methane, 1,1,3-tris (2-methyl-4-hydroxy-5-tert-butylphenyl) butane, 1,3,5-trimethyl-2,4,6-tris (3,5-di-t -Butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) benzene
- Sulfur-based antioxidants include dialkylthiodipropionate, dialkyldithiocarbamic acid derivatives (excluding metal salts), bis (3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) sulfide, mercaptobenzothiazole, pentasulfide
- the reaction product of phosphorus and an olefin, dicetyl sulfide, etc. are mentioned.
- the various antioxidants described above are used alone or in combination of two or more.
- amines, phenols, zinc alkyldithiophosphates and the like are preferably used. These antioxidants are preferably blended at a ratio of 0.05% by mass or more and 3% by mass or less based on the total amount of the transmission oil.
- antiwear agents include thiophosphate metal salts (Zn, Pb, Sb, etc.), thiocarbamic acid metal salts (Zn, etc.), sulfur compounds, phosphate esters (tricresyl phosphate), phosphites, etc. These are preferably blended at a ratio of about 0.05% by mass or more and 5% by mass or less based on the total amount of the transmission oil.
- the friction modifier include polyhydric alcohol partial esters such as neopentyl glycol monolaurate, trimethylolpropane monolaurate, and glycerin monooleate (oleic acid monoglyceride).
- a preferable blending amount of the friction modifier is about 0.05% by mass or more and 4% by mass or less based on the total amount of the transmission oil.
- the ashless dispersant include succinimides, boron-containing succinimides, benzylamines, boron-containing benzylamines, succinic esters, monovalent or divalent typified by fatty acids or succinic acid. Examples thereof include amides of carboxylic acids.
- a preferable blending amount of the ashless dispersant is about 0.1% by mass or more and 20% by mass or less based on the total amount of the transmission oil.
- the metal deactivator for example, benzotriazole, thiadiazole and the like are used alone or in combination of two or more. These metal deactivators are preferably blended at a ratio of about 0.01% by mass or more and 5% by mass or less based on the total amount of the transmission oil.
- the rust inhibitor include fatty acid, alkenyl succinic acid half ester, fatty acid soap, alkyl sulfonate, polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester, fatty acid amide, oxidized paraffin, alkyl polyoxyethylene ether and the like.
- a preferable blending amount of the rust inhibitor is about 0.01% by mass or more and 3% by mass or less based on the total amount of the transmission oil.
- antifoaming agent for example, a silicone compound, an ester compound, or the like is used alone or in combination of two or more. These antifoaming agents are preferably blended at a ratio of about 0.05% by mass or more and 5% by mass or less based on the total amount of the transmission oil.
- the pour point depressant for example, polymethacrylate is used.
- the pour point depressant is preferably blended at a ratio of about 0.01% by mass or more and 10% by mass or less based on the total amount of the transmission oil.
- polyoxyethylene alkylphenyl ether is used as the surfactant. This surfactant is preferably blended at a ratio of about 0.01% by mass or more and 10% by mass or less based on the total amount of the transmission oil.
- the transmission oil of the present invention described above has a high torque transmission capacity due to a high coefficient of static friction ( ⁇ s), and is used in various transmissions such as an automatic transmission (AT), a continuously variable transmission (CV), and a dual clutch (DCT). It can be preferably applied.
- AT automatic transmission
- CV continuously variable transmission
- DCT dual clutch
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- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
上記した、AT、CVTおよびDCTのいずれにおいても、伝達トルク容量を確保するために静摩擦係数(μs)が大きいことが望まれる。
例えば、特許文献1には、特定の粘度範囲の基油に、ホウ素化イミド化合物、亜リン酸エステル、および過塩基性カルシウムスルフォネートを配合してなる自動変速機用潤滑油組成物が記載されている。当該組成物を用いると、静摩擦係数(μs)が高く、耐変速ショック性に優れるという効果を奏する(段落[0022][発明の効果]参照)。また、特許文献2には、潤滑油基油に、ポリオール化合物、アルカリ金属ホウ酸塩、無灰分散剤、およびアルカリ土類金属スルフォネートを配合してなる潤滑油組成物が記載されている。この組成物によれば、湿式クラッチの静摩擦係数(μs)をさらに高めることができる(段落[0073][発明の効果]参照)。
基油に炭酸カルシウムを配合してなる変速機油であって、前記炭酸カルシウムは凝集構造体として当該変速機油に分散しており、前記凝集構造体のうち、200nm以上の粒子径を有するものの割合が前記凝集構造体全量基準かつカルシウム換算で30質量%以上であり、当該変速機油の塩酸法による塩基価が0.5mgKOH/g以上10mgKOH/g以下であることを特徴とする変速機油。
これらの鉱油や合成油としては特に制限はないが、一般に変速機の基油として用いられるものであれば適用できる。特に、100℃における動粘度が1mm2/s以上50mm2/s以下、特に2mm2/s以上15mm2/s以下の基油を用いることが好ましい。基油の100℃における動粘度が1mm2/s以上であれば、変速機のギヤ軸受、クラッチなどの摺動部位における摩耗の増大を抑制し、基油の100℃における動粘度が50mm2/s以下であれば、低温粘度が悪化を抑制することが見込まれる。
また、基油の低温流動性の指標である流動点については、特に制限されないが、-10℃以下、特に-15℃以下が好ましい。
さらに、基油としては、特に制限されないが、飽和炭化水素成分が90質量%以上、硫黄分が0.03質量%以下、粘度指数が100以上であることが好ましい。ここで、飽和炭化水素成分が90質量%以上であると、劣化生成物の量を少なくできる。また、硫黄分が0.03質量%以下であると、劣化生成物の量を少なくできる。さらに基油の粘度指数が100以上であると、高温での摩耗を少なくできる。
一方、合成油としては、ポリブテンまたはその水素化物、ポリアルファオレフィン(1-オクテンオリゴマー、1-デセンオリゴマー等)、アルキルベンゼン、ポリオールエステル、二塩基酸エステル、ポリオキシアルキレングリコール、ポリオキシアルキレングリコールエステル、ポリオキシアルキレングリコールエーテル、ヒンダードエステル、およびシリコーンオイルなどが挙げられる。
ただし、発明の効果の観点より500nm以上の粒子径を有する凝集構造体の割合が凝集構造体全量基準でかつカルシウム換算で50質量%以下であることが好ましい。
また、上述の凝集構造体については、発明の効果の観点よりその平均粒子径が180nm以上1000nm以下であることが好ましく、190nm以上900nm以下であることがより好ましい。
本炭酸カルシウムを基油に配合して、大粒子が所定量分散した変速機油を得るには、例えば、基油や任意の変速機油に、所定の粒度分布を有する凝集構造を備えた炭酸カルシウムを配合してもよく、所定の凝集構造体を含む過塩基性有機酸カルシウム塩化合物(例えば、過塩基性清浄剤)を配合してもよい。後者の場合、本炭酸カルシウムは過塩基性有機酸カルシウム塩化合物に起因するものとなる。凝集構造体である炭酸カルシウムの製法は特に限定されるものではないが、例えば有機酸を塩基性カルシウム酸化物や水酸化物で中和したのちに過剰の塩基性カルシウム酸化物や水酸化物を炭酸化することにより得ることができる。
また、本変速機油における大粒子の割合は、当該変速機油全量基準かつカルシウム換算で0.003質量%以上0.2質量%以下であることが好ましく、0.004質量%以上0.18質量%以下であることがより好ましく、0.01質量%以上0.16質量%以上であることがさらに好ましい。大粒子の本変速機油における割合が上記範囲内であると、静摩擦係数(μs)を十分に高く保つことができる。
本変速機油は、塩酸法による塩基価(JIS K2501)が0.5mgKOH/g以上10mgKOH/g以下であり、好ましくは0.8mgKOH/g以上5mgKOH/g以下である。塩基価が上記範囲であると静摩擦係数(μs)を十分に高く保つことができる。
なお、前記過塩基性有機酸カルシウム塩化合物(過塩基性清浄剤)自身は炭酸カルシウムを含み過塩基性であればよく、その塩基価は特に制限されないが、過塩素酸法による全塩基価(JIS K2501)が100mgKOH/g以上600mgKOH/g以下であることが好ましい。
本変速機油は、発明の効果の観点より100℃動粘度が3mm2/s以上8mm2/s以下であることが好ましく、4mm2/s以上7mm2/s以下であることがより好ましい。また、本変速機油の粘度指数は100以上であることが好ましい。
流動点降下剤としては、例えば質量平均分子量が1万以上、15万以下程度のポリメタクリレートなどが用いられる。流動点降下剤の好ましい配合量は、本変速機油全量基準で、0.01質量%以上、10質量%以下程度である。
アミン系酸化防止剤としては、モノオクチルジフェニルアミン、モノノニルジフェニルアミン等のモノアルキルジフェニルアミン系、4,4’-ジブチルジフェニルアミン、4,4’-ジペンチルジフェニルアミン、4,4’-ジヘキシルジフェニルアミン、4,4’-ジヘプチルジフェニルアミン、4,4’-ジオクチルジフェニルアミン、4,4’-ジノニルジフェニルアミン等のジアルキルジフェニルアミン系、テトラブチルジフェニルアミン、テトラヘキシルジフェニルアミン、テトラオクチルジフェニルアミン、テトラノニルジフェニルアミン等のポリアルキルジフェニルアミン系、α-ナフチルアミン、フェニル-α-ナフチルアミン、ブチルフェニル-α-ナフチルアミン、ペンチルフェニル-α-ナフチルアミン、ヘキシルフェニル-α-ナフチルアミン、ヘプチルフェニル-α-ナフチルアミン、オクチルフェニル-α-ナフチルアミン、およびノニルフェニル-α-ナフチルアミン等のナフチルアミン系を挙げることができる。特にアルキル基の炭素数が4~24、特には6~18の化合物が好ましく用いられる。これらの化合物を一種または二種以上を組み合わせて使用してもよい。
上述した各種の酸化防止剤は、単独もしくは2種以上を組み合わせて用いられる。特に、アミン系やフェノール系、あるいはアルキルジチオリン酸亜鉛などが好ましく用いられる。これらの酸化防止剤は、本変速機油全量基準で0.05質量%以上3質量%以下程度の割合で配合することが好ましい。
摩擦調整剤としては、例えば、ネオペンチルグリコールモノラウレート、トリメチロールプロパンモノラウレート、グリセリンモノオレエート(オレイン酸モノグリセライド)などの多価アルコール部分エステルなどが挙げられる。摩擦調整剤の好ましい配合量は、本変速機油全量基準で0.05質量%以上、4質量%以下程度である。
無灰系分散剤としては、例えばコハク酸イミド類、ホウ素含有コハク酸イミド類、ベンジルアミン類、ホウ素含有ベンジルアミン類、コハク酸エステル類、脂肪酸あるいはコハク酸で代表される一価または二価のカルボン酸のアミド類などが挙げられる。無灰系分散剤の好ましい配合量は、本変速機油全量基準で、0.1質量%以上、20質量%以下程度である。
防錆剤としては、例えば、脂肪酸、アルケニルコハク酸ハーフエステル、脂肪酸セッケン、アルキルスルホン酸塩、多価アルコール脂肪酸エステル、脂肪酸アミド、酸化パラフィン、アルキルポリオキシエチレンエーテル等が挙げられる。防錆剤の好ましい配合量は、本変速機油全量基準で0.01質量%以上、3質量%以下程度である。
消泡剤としては、例えばシリコーン系化合物、エステル系化合物などが、単独もしくは2種以上を組み合わせて用いられる。これらの消泡剤は、本変速機油全量基準で、0.05質量%以上5質量%以下程度の割合で配合することが好ましい。
界面活性剤としては、例えばポリオキシエチレンアルキルフェニルエーテルなどが用いられる。この界面活性剤は、本変速機油全量基準で0.01質量%以上10質量%以下程度の割合で配合することが好ましい。
〔実施例1~2、比較例1〕
基油としてPAO(100℃動粘度4.0mm2/s)を用い、表1に記載の性状の過塩基性カルシウムスルフォネートを試料油全量基準かつカルシウム換算で0.15質量%配合し、表1に示す性状の各試料油を調製した(いずれも変速機用として想定したものである)。なお、各試料油の粘度指数は、実施例1、2、および比較例1ともに120であった。
上記過塩基性カルシウムについては、基油に分散させて凝集構造体の構造を確認した。具体的には、各試料油中における凝集構造体(含大粒子)の分散状態を大塚電子製ELSZ-1000Sにて測定し、炭酸カルシウムからなる凝集構造体における大粒子の割合(凝集構造体基準、質量%)および平均粒子径を算出した。結果を表1に示す。
LVFA摩擦試験機を用い、下記に示す実験条件にて、各試料油の摩擦係数を測定した(JASO M349-2001準拠)。回転数が1rpmのときの摩擦係数をμsとした。結果を表1に示す。
材料:実機ミッションに使用しているセルロース系クラッチ材料
面圧:1.0MPa
油温:120℃
回転数:1rpmから10rpmまで(1rpmきざみ)、20rpm、30rpm
表1の結果より、大粒子(200nm以上の粒子径を有する凝集構造体)を多く含んだ実施例1、2の試料油は静摩擦係数(μs)が大きく、伝達トルク容量も大きいことが理解される。一方、比較例1のように、過塩基性カルシウムスルフォネートの配合量や試料油の塩基価が同程度であっても大粒子の割合が少ない試料油では静摩擦係数(μs)が小さい。それ故、変速機油における大粒子の存在が極めて重要であることがわかる。
Claims (8)
- 基油に炭酸カルシウムを配合してなる変速機油であって、
前記炭酸カルシウムは凝集構造体として当該変速機油に分散しており、
前記凝集構造体のうち、200nm以上の粒子径を有するものの割合が前記凝集構造体全量基準かつカルシウム換算で30質量%以上であり、当該変速機油の塩酸法による塩基価が0.5mgKOH/g以上10mgKOH/g以下である
ことを特徴とする変速機油。 - 請求項1に記載の変速機油において、
前記炭酸カルシウムが過塩基性有機酸カルシウム塩化合物に起因するものであり、
前記炭酸カルシウムの配合量が当該変速機油全量基準かつカルシウム換算で0.001質量%以上0.3質量%以下である
ことを特徴とする変速機油。 - 請求項2に記載の変速機油において、
前記過塩基性有機酸カルシウム塩化合物が過塩基性清浄剤であり、
前記過塩基性清浄剤がスルフォネート系、サリシレート系およびフィネート系の少なくともいずれかである
ことを特徴とする変速機油。 - 請求項1から請求項3までのいずれか1項に記載の変速機油において、
前記基油がポリアルファオレフィンを含んでいる
ことを特徴とする変速機油。 - 請求項4に記載の変速機油において、
前記基油におけるポリアルファオレフィンの割合が30質量%以上である
ことを特徴とする変速機油。 - 請求項4または請求項5に記載の変速機油において、
前記ポリアルファオレフィンの100℃動粘度が2mm2/s以上200mm2/s以下である
ことを特徴とする変速機油。 - 請求項1から請求項6までのいずれか1項に記載の変速機油において、
当該変速機油の100℃動粘度が3mm2/s以上8mm2/s以下であり、
当該変速機油の粘度指数が100以上である
ことを特徴とする変速機油。 - 請求項1から請求項7までのいずれか1項に記載の変速機油において、
自動変速機または無段変速機に使用される
ことを特徴とする変速機油。
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JPH09137180A (ja) * | 1995-11-16 | 1997-05-27 | Cosmo Sogo Kenkyusho:Kk | 自動変速機油組成物 |
JP2003155493A (ja) * | 2001-11-21 | 2003-05-30 | Matsumura Sekiyu Kenkyusho:Kk | 高塩基化添加剤組成物 |
JP2003321695A (ja) | 2002-04-30 | 2003-11-14 | Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd | 自動変速機用潤滑油組成物 |
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JP2010180279A (ja) * | 2009-02-03 | 2010-08-19 | Cosmo Oil Lubricants Co Ltd | 無段変速機用潤滑油組成物 |
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US20160208192A1 (en) | 2013-09-09 | 2016-07-21 | Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd. | Transmission fluid |
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JPH09137180A (ja) * | 1995-11-16 | 1997-05-27 | Cosmo Sogo Kenkyusho:Kk | 自動変速機油組成物 |
JP2003155493A (ja) * | 2001-11-21 | 2003-05-30 | Matsumura Sekiyu Kenkyusho:Kk | 高塩基化添加剤組成物 |
JP2003321695A (ja) | 2002-04-30 | 2003-11-14 | Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd | 自動変速機用潤滑油組成物 |
JP2005008695A (ja) | 2003-06-17 | 2005-01-13 | Nippon Oil Corp | 潤滑油組成物 |
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