CN108040693A - A kind of cuttage seedbed and its application - Google Patents
A kind of cuttage seedbed and its application Download PDFInfo
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- CN108040693A CN108040693A CN201711347843.9A CN201711347843A CN108040693A CN 108040693 A CN108040693 A CN 108040693A CN 201711347843 A CN201711347843 A CN 201711347843A CN 108040693 A CN108040693 A CN 108040693A
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Abstract
The present invention relates to field of plant cultivation, and in particular to a kind of cuttage seedbed and its application.The cuttage includes base manure layer with seedbed successively from top to bottom, overburden layer on fine earth layer, film layer and film under film；The base manure layer applies 1500~2500kg/ mus of decomposed manure；Fine earth layer is covered with the loose loam of 5~10cm under the film；The film layer encases fine earth layer under entire film and base manure layer；Overburden layer is covered with the raw-soil fine crushing of 1~3cm on the film.Compared with traditional cuttage seedbed, seedbed provided by the invention can greatly reduce weeds propagation and widespread, have saving of labor, fertilizer conservation, water conservation, promote the effect of the root growth of cuttage seeding；The setting of overburden layer alleviates the surface temperature in summer film layer significantly on film, and seedling is made to avoid burn, improves the survival rate of cuttage seeding.The present invention is suitable for prepartion of land, and has the arable land of irrigation conditions.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to plant cultivation method fields, and in particular to a kind of cuttage seedbed and its application.
Background technology
Seedbed is point outdoor seedbed and indoor seedbed for cultivating the splat of plant seedlings.Plant cuttage cultivation is just
Phase is more demanding to temperature and moisture, and the mode of covering with ground sheeting commonly used in the art carries out the heat preservation water conservation of soil.
Conventional transparent covering with ground sheeting cuttage and seedling culture, although water conservation can be kept the temperature, easily weedy, weeding worker employed in a plant nursery is big, and one
As per 667m2Or so 25 workdays need to be spent every year；And root system is easily injured during weeding, influences growth of seedling.Such as with selectivity
Herbicide weeding, grass or except unclean.Such as use black plastic mulching instead, though it can prevent weed growth, with the rising of temperature,
Illumination translates into heat on black film, and seedbed surface quick heating is unfavorable to growth of seedling, easily seedling is caused to be burnt, influenced into
Motility rate.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to：A kind of cuttage seedbed for having both and reducing weeds and reducing surface temperature function is provided,
Root system of plant is not injured while weeds are reduced；And application of the seedbed in cuttage and seedling culture.
The present invention provides a kind of cuttage seedbed, the seedbed include successively from top to bottom fine earth layer under base manure layer, film,
Overburden layer in film layer and film；The base manure layer applies 1500~2500kg/ mus of decomposed manure；Fine earth layer is spread under the film
There is the loose loam of 5~10cm thickness；The film layer covers fine earth layer under entire film；Overburden layer is covered with 1~3cm thickness on the film
The raw-soil fine crushing.
Preferably, the particle diameter of the raw-soil fine crushing is below 0.3cm.
Preferably, the seedbed is built by north-south, 100~150cm of bedside, 15~35cm of the height of bed；The spacing of adjacent bed
For 20~50cm.
Preferably, film shed is further included above the seedbed.
Preferably, the spring of arch of the shed is 100~150cm.
The present invention also provides a kind of cuttage and seedling culture methods, and cuttage is carried out using above-mentioned seedbed；The depth of the cuttage is
The 1/2~2/3 of cutting length；Below one section insertion film layer of the cutting, the blade of the cutting stays on the membrane
The top of overburden layer.
Preferably, the density of the cuttage is：12~18cm of line-spacing；3~5cm of spacing in the rows.
Preferably, the plant for the cuttage is one or more of llex cornuta lindl, Yang Tong, crape myrtle and camellia.
Preferably, further included before the cuttage cutting processing, by the cutting in naphthalene acid solution immersion treatment, with promote
Into taking root.
Preferably, further included after the cuttage epiphragma, take off film, watering, fertilizing and weeding and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control insert after manage
Step.
Advantageous effect：
The present invention provides a kind of cuttage seedbed, include successively from top to bottom fine earth layer under base manure layer, film, film layer and
Overburden layer on film.Fine earth layer provides survival soil and nutrition for cuttage branch under the base manure layer and film；The film layer has
Fertilizer conservation, water conservation, the function of soil moisture conservation；Overburden layer can both play interception on film, greatly reduce the weeds propagation and widespread in seedbed；Together
When, earthing can avoid direct sunlight on film, and then can prevent the temperature of bed surface is excessively high to hinder seedling.
The present invention provides a kind of cuttage and seedling culture methods, carry out the cuttage of branch with seedbed using above-mentioned cuttage, are having both
While fertilizer conservation, water conservation, soil moisture conservation function, there is saving of labor, root growth that is time saving, laborsaving, can promoting cuttage seeding.Together
When, on film the setting of overburden layer greatly reduce weed growth, alleviate surface temperature variation, seedling is made to avoid burn,
Improve the survival rate of cuttage seeding.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the diagrammatic cross-section in seedbed described in the embodiment of the present invention 1, wherein, 1 is overburden layer on film；2 be film layer；3
For fine earth layer under film；4 be base manure layer；5 be shed；6 be cuttings.
Fig. 2 is cuttage and seedling culture method flow chart of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
The present invention provides a kind of cuttage seedbed, the seedbed includes fine earth layer under base manure layer 4, film successively from top to bottom
3rd, overburden layer 1 on film layer 2 and film.
In the present invention, the height of the base manure layer is 8~24cm, is preferably 11~21cm, more preferably 14~18cm.
The base manure layer has applied decomposed manure, and the applied amount of the decomposed manure is 1500~2500kg/ mus, preferably 1800~
2200kg/ mus, more preferably 2000kg/ mus.The present invention is not particularly limited the source of the decomposed manure, and this field is normal
Advise commercially available or made products.The base manure layer is stored with sufficient nutriment, and nutriment can be by cuttage shoot growth
Root absorption, meet cuttage shoot growth development the needs of.
In the present invention, the height of fine earth layer is 5~10cm under the film, is preferably 6~8cm.Fine earth layer under the film
Loose loam is paved with, for fixing simultaneously to cuttage branch, moreover it is possible to promote cutting calli induction and root system
Growth.The present invention does not have particular/special requirement to the source of the loose loam and type, the air-and water-permeable conventionally used for plantation
Loam type.The loose loam is preferably the raw-soil, is occurred so as to reduce the pest and disease damage of soil sources.
In the present invention, the film layer may be selected from spreading commonly used in the art.The spreading can be hyaline membrane
Or black film, the film layer cover fine earth layer under entire film, can play fertilizer conservation, water conservation, the function of soil moisture conservation.
In the present invention, the height of overburden layer is 1~3cm on the film, is preferably 2cm.Overburden layer is covered on the film
The raw-soil fine crushing, the particle diameter of the raw-soil fine crushing is below 0.3cm.When the film layer is hyaline membrane, the film overlying
Soil layer can play shade function, and the function of preventing weed growth is added for seedbed；When the film layer is black film, the film
Upper overburden layer can avoid direct sunlight black film, and then prevent that the soil moisture under black film is excessively high, and seedling is made to avoid burn, is carried
The survival rate of high cuttage seeding.
In the present invention, the bedside in the seedbed is preferably 100~150cm, more preferably 110~130cm, further excellent
Elect 120cm as；The height of bed is preferably 15~35cm, more preferably 20~30cm, further preferably 25cm.The spacing in adjacent seedbed
Preferably 20~50cm, more preferably 35~45cm, further preferably 40cm.The build direction in the seedbed is preferably north and south
To so that plant daylighting is uniform and abundant.
In the present invention, it is preferred to according to the width in seedbed, film shed is built above seedbed, using just cover seedbed as
Preferably.The spring of arch of the shed is preferably 100~150cm, more preferably 110~130cm, further preferably 120cm.Institute
It states shed and can be used to plastic covering thin film and sunshade net, after branch cutting, managed after conveniently inserting.
The present invention provides the production methods in above-mentioned seedbed：
Bed base is built after site preparation, is preferably built according to by north-south.Decomposed manure is applied in bottom first, it is decomposed organic
Fertile top spreads loose loam, is preferably the raw-soil, soil is fine crushing, bed surface is smooth, raceway groove is unobstructed, and it is spare to be watered with water.
Film is spread on ready-made bed base, it is desirable that is encased the furrow face of a base and furrow side, is then covered again above film
One layer of raw-soil fine crushing of lid, covers film.The grain size of the raw-soil fine crushing is less than 0.3cm.
After earthing, shed can be built according to bed sound stage width degree, the shed covers entire seedbed.
The present invention also provides a kind of cuttage and seedling culture methods：Cuttage is carried out using above-mentioned seedbed；The depth of the cuttage is
The 1/2~2/3 of cutting length；Below one section insertion film layer of the cutting, the blade of the cutting stays on the membrane
The top of overburden layer.Using cuttage and seedling culture method provided by the invention, the special construction in seedbed can be utilized, seedbed is miscellaneous reducing
While careless, avoiding face bed, surface temperature is excessively high that root system of plant is damaged, and finally obtains better cuttage survival rate.
In the present invention, the density of the cuttage is：12~18cm of line-spacing；3~5cm of spacing in the rows.Density according to the invention
Cuttage is carried out, cuttage plant is more conducive to and the growth such as light, water, mineral element, nutriment resource is absorbed.
In the present invention, cutting pre-treatment is further included before the cuttage, by the cutting in naphthalene acid solution at immersion
Reason, with hestening rooting.
In the present invention, further included after the cuttage insert after manage, it is described insert after management include epiphragma, take off film, water, applying
Fertilizer and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, it is suitable insert after management be conducive to the survival rate of cuttage seeding.
Specifically, cuttage and seedling culture method provided by the invention before cuttage, first selects fertile soil, loose, draining and guarantor
Fertility is preferably leeward to face south, has the smooth plot of irrigation conditions as cuttage field.
After field is selected, according to the production method in above-mentioned seedbed, selected field is handled.
Before cuttage, it is scion-seed tree growth selection stalwartness, the elite plant without quarantine pest and disease damage.In the present invention,
The plant may be selected from one or more of llex cornuta lindl, Yang Tong, crape myrtle and camellia.It, be new if clip gives birth to young sprout then
The tip stopped growing, in semi-lignified state when carry out beta pruning.Raw then the half of preferably more than diameter 0.3cm of the invention is wooden
Change spray as fringe bar.
After clip cuttings, the cuttings that first will be disengaged from elite stand is placed in the shade, and gunnysack is cased or be packed into time after a certain amount of,
Indoor processing is taken back rapidly.The branch taken back should be spread out in time is placed on indoor shady place, and timely spraying and moisturizing, it is ensured that cutting is new
It is fresh.Then beta pruning processing is carried out.
In the present invention, the beta pruning handles preferred 2~3 sections position (the long 8~15cm of branch) of clip, raw then new in this way
The tip, every 1~2 blade of reservation of transplanting, then neatly discharges the cutting sheared, the seeds usable concentration for taking root more difficult is
100×10-6The naphthalene acid solution of kg/L impregnates cutting base portion a few hours or with (300~500) × 10-6The methyl α-naphthyl acetate of kg/L is molten
Liquid soaks several seconds soon, takes out cuttage immediately.
Cuttage of the present invention can carry out in spring, two season of summer.Spring inserts whole day and can all carry out.Summer is inserted preferably at the morning 10
It is carried out after in the past or during afternoon 4.Cuttage is completed on the day of the branch of same day acquisition.Cuttage depth is the 1/2~2/ of cutting length
3；One section of cutting must be inserted into below mulch, and blade is retained in outer.In the present invention, the density of the cuttage is preferably：
12~18cm of line-spacing, 3~5cm of spacing in the rows.
It carries out managing after inserting after cuttage.In the present invention, it is described insert after management include shed epiphragma, take off film, watering,
The operation of fertilizing and weeding and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control.
Shed epiphragma：After cuttage, plastic film and sunshade net, the sunshade rate of the sunshade net are covered on Small plastic shed in time
Preferably 50~70%, more preferably 60%.It is preferably closed with soil hut both sides.Hut both ends are preferably compressed with masonry, with
It just usually can ventilation.
Take off film：The covered rearing with plastic film time on Small plastic shed is preferably 40~50 days, more preferably observes cutting root system
When growth is up to 2~3cm, the film on Small plastic shed is removed.When starting to take off film, first the both ends of Small plastic shed should be opened, by 4~
The plastic film on Small plastic shed is removed after the exercise of 5 days again.Sunshade net on Small plastic shed depends on the circumstances：As summer and autumn temperature compared with
Height can extend sunshade hours, otherwise can remove.In this way, can make cuttage seeding to natural environment there are one progressively adapt to and take exercise
Process.
Watering：Small plastic shed closes period in film, and since air humidity is high in canopy, general every month sprays 1 water.After spray i.e.
Hut is closed.After taking off film, seedbed is easily arid, need to pour water in time, when pouring water, suitably film of the bag on furrow side can be broken, slowly
Moisture content is permeated, water level cannot expire furrow face.
Fertilizing and weeding：Cuttage seeding generally just uses sufficient base manure when doing furrow.If cuttage seeding shows fertilizer deficiency symptom, can suitably spray
Apply foliar fertilizer.Using the method cuttage and seedling culture of earthing above mulch, seldom raw weeds can save largely manually, and can be very well
Tender root system is protected on ground, from the damage to root system during artificial weeding, moreover it is possible to the base manure of application be made effectively to play a role.
The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：Subterranean pest-insect is the maximum killer of cuttage seeding.Prevention subterranean pest-insect can use 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate
0.5 kg/acre plus suitable quantity of water spray mix 120-150 kilograms of fine earth 0.5 kg/acre of pesticide-clay mixture or 40% Isofenphos methyl are made, and add
50 kilograms of thin sand and soil is mixed in suitable quantity of water, spray, is spread fertilizer over the fields in furrow.Other pest and disease damages are with reference to the pest control method of each seeds.
Cuttage seedbed provided by the invention and its application are specifically described with reference to embodiment, but cannot be
They are interpreted as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
Select fertile soil, loose, draining and keeping fertility it is preferable it is leeward on the sunny side, have the smooth plot of irrigation conditions as
Cuttage field.After site preparation, seedbed is built by north-south：Bedside 120cm, height of bed 25cm, furrow width 40cm.Bed basal part applies
2000kg/ mus of decomposed manure forms base manure layer 4；The loose loams of 8cm are spread in the top of base manure layer, are fine earth layer under film
3, soil is fine crushing, bed surface is smooth, raceway groove is unobstructed, and it is spare to be watered with water.Then in ready-made bed base upper berth film, it is desirable that encase bed
The furrow face of base and furrow side are film layer 2；Then the raw-soil fine crushing that one layer of grain size is less than 0.3cm is covered again above film, lid
Firmly film is overburden layer 1 on film.The plastic film Small plastic shed 5 in entire seedbed can be covered by building, and vault highest point is 120cm,
Up to seedbed.
Embodiment 2
Select fertile soil, loose, draining and keeping fertility it is preferable it is leeward on the sunny side, have the smooth plot of irrigation conditions as
Cuttage field.After site preparation, seedbed is built by north-south：Bedside 100cm, height of bed 20cm, furrow width 30cm.Bed basal part applies
1600kg/ mus of decomposed manure, makes decomposed manure be mixed with soil, then spreads the loose loams of 6cm above it, and soil is thin
It is broken, bed surface is smooth, raceway groove is unobstructed, it is spare to be watered with water.Then in ready-made bed base upper berth film, it is desirable that encase the furrow face of a base
And furrow side, it then covers the raw-soil fine crushing that one layer of grain size is less than 0.3cm again above film, covers film.Build can cover it is whole
The plastic film Small plastic shed in a seedbed, vault highest point are 110cm to get seedbed.
Embodiment 3
Select fertile soil, loose, draining and keeping fertility it is preferable it is leeward on the sunny side, have the smooth plot of irrigation conditions as
Cuttage field.After site preparation, seedbed is built by north-south：Bedside 150cm, height of bed 30cm, furrow width 45cm.Bed basal part applies
2200kg/ mus of decomposed manure, the top paving loose loams of 10cm of decomposed manure, soil is fine crushing, bed surface is smooth, raceway groove leads to
Freely, it is spare to be watered with water.Then in ready-made bed base upper berth film, it is desirable that the furrow face of a base and furrow side are encased, then in film
Top covers the raw-soil fine crushing that one layer of grain size is less than 0.3cm again, covers film.Build can cover entire seedbed plastic film it is small
Shed, vault highest point are 140cm to get seedbed.
Embodiment 4
Select fertile soil, loose, draining and keeping fertility it is preferable it is leeward on the sunny side, have the smooth plot of irrigation conditions as
Cuttage field.After site preparation, seedbed is built by north-south：Bedside 120cm, height of bed 25cm, furrow width 40cm.Bed basal part applies
2000kg/ mus of decomposed manure, the top paving loose loams of 8cm of decomposed manure, soil is fine crushing, bed surface is smooth, raceway groove leads to
Freely, it is spare to be watered with water.Then in ready-made bed base upper berth film, it is desirable that the furrow face of a base and furrow side are encased, then in film
Top covers the raw-soil fine crushing that one layer of grain size is less than 0.3cm again, covers film to get seedbed.
Embodiment 5
Late June, that chooses more than diameter 0.3cm gives birth to the llex cornuta lindl spray of semi-lignified as fringe bar then.Every
2~3 section positions of cuttings clip, retain 1~2 blade.It is 100 × 10 with concentration-6The naphthalene acid solution of kg/L impregnates cutting base
When portion 3 is small, then cuttage is carried out on the seedbed of the offer of above-described embodiment 1.Cuttage depth is the 2/3 of cutting length；Cutting
Below one section insertion mulch, blade is retained in outer.The line-spacing 15cm of cuttage, spacing in the rows 4cm.
Plastic film and the sunshade net of sunshade rate 60% are covered after inserting on Small plastic shed.The soil closing of Small plastic shed both sides, two
End is compressed with brick, so that mean time ventilation is taken a breath.Film is taken off after 40~50 days, first Small plastic shed both ends are opened, through the forging of 4~5 days
After refining, then remove completely.
Watering in due course, fertilising, preventing disease and pest.
Embodiment 6
August part, growth selection is healthy and strong, elite plant without quarantine pest and disease damage is scion-seed tree, clip semi-lignified
Crape myrtle spray is as fringe bar.2~3 section positions of every cuttings clip, retain 1~2 blade.It is 400 × 10 with concentration-6Kg/L's
Naphthalene acid solution impregnates cutting base portion 5 seconds.Then cuttage is carried out on the seedbed provided in above-described embodiment 1.Cuttage depth is slotting
The 2/3 of length；Below one section insertion mulch of cutting, blade is retained in outer.The line-spacing 14cm of cuttage, spacing in the rows 5cm.
Plastic film and the sunshade net of sunshade rate 60% are covered after inserting on Small plastic shed.The soil closing of Small plastic shed both sides, two
End is compressed with brick, so that mean time ventilation is taken a breath.Film is taken off after 40~50 days, first Small plastic shed both ends are opened, through the forging of 4~5 days
After refining, then remove completely.
Watering in due course, fertilising, preventing disease and pest.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, various improvements and modifications may be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, these improvements and modifications also should
It is considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of cuttage seedbed, it is characterised in that：The seedbed includes base manure layer, fine earth layer under film, thin successively from top to bottom
Overburden layer in film layer and film；The base manure layer applies 1500~2500kg/ mus of decomposed manure；Fine earth layer is covered under the film
The loose loam of 5~10cm thickness；The film layer covers fine earth layer and base manure layer under entire film；Overburden layer is covered with 1 on the film
The raw-soil fine crushing of~3cm thickness.
2. cuttage seedbed according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The particle diameter of the raw-soil fine crushing is 0.3cm
Below.
3. cuttage seedbed according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The seedbed is built by north-south, and bedside 100~
150cm, 15~35cm of the height of bed；The spacing of adjacent bed is 20~50cm.
4. cuttage seedbed according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Film shed is further included above the seedbed.
5. cuttage seedbed according to claim 4, it is characterised in that：Height of the vault of the shed apart from bed surface be
100~150cm.
6. a kind of cuttage and seedling culture method, it is characterised in that：Usage right requires the seedbed described in 1~5 any one to carry out cuttage；
The depth of the cuttage is the 1/2~2/3 of cutting length；Below one section insertion film layer of the cutting, the cutting
Blade stays in the top of overburden layer on the film.
7. cuttage and seedling culture method according to claim 6, it is characterised in that：The density of the cuttage is：Line-spacing 12~
18cm；3~5cm of spacing in the rows.
8. cuttage and seedling culture method according to claim 6, it is characterised in that：Plant for the cuttage is stingless Chinese holly
One or more of bone, Yang Tong, crape myrtle and camellia.
9. cuttage and seedling culture method according to claim 6, it is characterised in that：Cutting pre-treatment is further included before the cuttage,
By the cutting in naphthalene acid solution immersion treatment, with hestening rooting.
10. cuttage and seedling culture method according to claim 6, it is characterised in that：It further includes after the cuttage and is managed after inserting, institute
Stating management after inserting includes epiphragma, takes off film, watering, fertilising and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control.
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