CN107974209A - 多层胶粘粘合元件 - Google Patents

多层胶粘粘合元件 Download PDF

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CN107974209A
CN107974209A CN201710991274.5A CN201710991274A CN107974209A CN 107974209 A CN107974209 A CN 107974209A CN 201710991274 A CN201710991274 A CN 201710991274A CN 107974209 A CN107974209 A CN 107974209A
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adhesive tape
layer
carrier film
mucilage
coiling
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CN107974209B (zh
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M.黑尼尔
J.基普克
C.内格尔
J.塞林
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Tesa SE
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Abstract

通过用胶带缠绕横向于绕卷膨胀的中间物的粘合方法，其中：从胶带卷展开胶带，展开的胶带在载体膜(1)的一侧上设有胶浆层(2)并且在相反侧上部分地设有分离剂层(3)，其中被分离剂层(3)覆盖的面积占载体背面侧的总面积的不超过50％、优选地不超过20％、更优选地不超过10％、更优选地不超过5％，其中将至少载体膜(1)的配备有分离剂层(3)的侧的表面蚀刻，围绕横向于绕卷膨胀的中间物卷绕胶带，使得胶带的至少一部分通过胶浆层(2)粘合至下方绕卷层。

Description

多层胶粘粘合元件
技术领域
本发明涉及通过用胶带缠绕横向于绕卷(卷绕物，匝，winding)膨胀的中间物(medium)的粘合方法。本发明进一步涉及具有卷绕于自身之上的胶带的装置以及用于施加胶带的施加器。
背景技术
胶带的一系列应用是已知的，其中胶带围绕中间物多次卷绕于自身之上。例如，当制造高电压电池时，胶带围绕自身卷绕并且以若干个层粘合在一起。不仅通过在卷绕本身的行为期间产生的预载荷而且还通过在电池充电和放电期间的膨胀过程对卷绕结构施加力。在一些应用中，可用丝(长丝，丝状体，filament)增强胶带。所述丝优选地在胶带的纵向方向上延伸并且相当大地提高胶带的拉伸强度。然而，在多次卷绕的情况下，叠合的绕卷的粘附力带来超过胶带的拉伸强度的困难。一般地，胶带在其施用之前以胶带卷的形式供应。为此，胶带的反面，即在载体膜上面向胶浆层的那侧，在外面配备有分离层。分离层降低在载体膜和下一个胶带绕卷的胶浆层之间的分离力，并且正是其使得可首先从胶带卷展开胶带。这使得无需使用衬垫并降低了成本。分离层可例如为包含硅酮(有机硅)的层或剥离涂层。在胶带被展开之后分离层通常保留在载体膜的外侧上并且当随后围绕中间物(例如高电压电池)卷绕该胶带时当然也降低胶带的一个绕卷和该胶带的下一个外部绕卷之间的分离力。特别地在横向于绕卷膨胀的中间物(例如高电压电池)的情况下，这可导致卷绕的胶带的绕卷由于产生的膨胀力而变得分离。
发明内容
因此，本发明的目的是提供通过缠绕横向膨胀的中间物的粘合方法，其避免前述的缺点。
本发明的另外的目的是提供具有与其自身粘合并且避免前述缺点的胶带的装置(device)。
本发明的另外的目的是提供可用其来实施根据本发明的方法的施加器(applicator)。
在其第一方面中，该目的使用具有权利要求1的特征的如介绍中所述的方法解决。
用于根据本发明的方法的胶带包括载体膜，所述载体膜优选地在胶带的整个长度和宽度上延伸。胶浆层优选地设置在载体膜的一侧的整个范围(展开，expanse)上，并且没有分离剂层(和/或其它层)设置在载体膜的相反侧(下文也称为背面侧)上。
在本发明的一个变型中，分离剂层部分地存在，被分离剂层覆盖的面积占载体背面侧的总面积的不超过50％、优选地不超过20％、更优选地不超过10％、更优选地不超过5％。
对本发明必要的的是至少膜的背面侧的表面、优选地两个表面是经蚀刻的。
胶带以胶带卷的形式存在并且从胶带卷展开以供施用。展开胶带或胶带的一部分。然后，以这样的方式围绕横向膨胀的中间物卷绕胶带，使得胶带的至少一部分粘合至与其直接相邻的下方绕卷层上的胶浆层。
优选地，还提供如下：以若干个绕卷层的形式围绕横向于绕卷膨胀的中间物卷绕胶带，所述若干个绕卷层以一个在另一个之上的方式粘合。根据本发明，胶带也至少沿着绕卷层的一部分或沿着若干个绕卷层粘附于自身。
膜如PA、PU或PVC、聚烯烃或聚酯、优选地PET(聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯)的聚酯适合用作载体膜。该膜自身继而可由多个单层(例如为产生膜而被共挤出的层)组成。
除了聚烯烃之外，乙烯和极性单体(如苯乙烯、乙酸乙烯酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸丁酯或丙烯酸)的共聚物也是合适的。其可为乙烯或其它烯烃(如丙烯、丁烯、己烯或辛烯)的均聚物(如HDPE、LDPE、MDPE)或共聚物(例如LLDPE、VLDPE)。聚丙烯(例如聚丙烯均聚物、聚丙烯无规共聚物或聚丙烯嵌段共聚物)也是合适的。
特别优选的是基于聚酯的膜、特别地由聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯制成的那些。
单轴和双轴拉伸的膜使得自身极好地用作根据本发明的膜。例如，单轴拉伸的聚丙烯的特征在于非常良好的撕裂强度和低的纵向膨胀。
为了针对粗糙化实现非常良好的结果，如下是可取的：用于蚀刻膜的试剂为三氯乙酸(Cl3C-COOH)或三氯乙酸与惰性结晶化合物、优选地硅化合物、更优选地[SiO2]x的组合。
惰性结晶化合物的意图是被引入PET膜的表面中，以由此增强粗糙度和表面能。
根据一个优选实施方式的膜的厚度为5-250μm、优选地6-120μm、更特别地12-100μm、非常特别地28-50μm、尤其地36μm。
特别优选的载体膜为经双面蚀刻的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯膜。一个这样的膜可以商品名Kemafoil HPH得自Coveme。对于膜的制造，如下可为合适的：添加添加剂和其它组分，其改善成膜性质，降低结晶链节(链段)形成的倾向，和/或其有意地改善或者在适当的情况下削弱机械性质。
该膜可为有色的和/或透明的。
胶浆层设置在载体膜的一侧上，优选地完全覆盖它。可使用所有已知的胶浆体系。
除了基于天然或合成橡胶的胶粘剂之外，特别地可使用硅酮和聚丙烯酸酯胶浆，优选地低分子丙烯酸酯热熔胶浆。后一物质被更详细地描述于DE 198 07 752 A1和DE 10011 788 A1中。基于丙烯酸酯的UV交联的胶浆也是合适的。
涂层重量优选地在15-200g/m2、更优选地30-120g/m2、特别优选地50g/m2的范围内(大致对应于15-200μm、更优选地30-120μm、特别优选地50μm的厚度)。
胶浆优选地为压敏胶浆，即为永久粘性且在室温下在干燥状态下能够保持粘结的粘弹性化合物。使用轻压力立即地且在几乎所有的基底上发生粘附。
使用包含聚合物嵌段的基于聚合物嵌段的压敏胶粘剂。这些优选地为由乙烯基芳族化合物(A嵌段)如苯乙烯制备的和通过1,3-二烯(B嵌段)如丁二烯和异戊二烯的聚合制造的那些或这二者的共聚物。也可使用不同嵌段共聚物的混合物。优选部分地或完全地氢化的产品。
嵌段共聚物可具有线性A-B-A结构。同样可使用放射状的嵌段共聚物以及星形线性的多嵌段共聚物。
也可使用如下代替聚苯乙烯嵌段：基于具有>约75℃的玻璃化转变温度的其它包含芳族化合物的均聚物和共聚物(优选地C8-至C12芳族化合物)的聚合物嵌段，例如包含α-甲基苯乙烯的芳族化合物嵌段。也可使用基于具有>+75℃的玻璃化转变温度的(甲基)丙烯酸酯均聚物和(甲基)丙烯酸酯共聚物的聚合物嵌段。在这种情况下，可使用的嵌段共聚物包括使用仅基于(甲基)丙烯酸酯聚合物的硬嵌段的那些或者使用聚芳族化合物嵌段(例如聚苯乙烯嵌段)和聚(甲基)丙烯酸酯嵌段二者的那些。
除非在个别情况下另有说明，否则非无机材料和主要并非无机的材料、特别地有机材料和聚合物材料的玻璃化转变温度特性是指根据DIN 53765:1994-03(参见2.2.1节)的玻璃化转变温度值Tg。
根据本发明，也可使用如下代替苯乙烯-丁二烯嵌段共聚物和苯乙烯-异戊二烯嵌段共聚物和/或其氢化产物且因此的苯乙烯-乙烯/丁烯嵌段共聚物和苯乙烯-乙烯/丙烯嵌段共聚物：使用包含其它的聚二烯的弹性体嵌段的嵌段共聚物和这样的嵌段共聚物的氢化产物，例如多个不同的1,3-二烯的共聚物。根据本发明也可使用官能化的嵌段共聚物如马来酸酐改性或硅烷改性的苯乙烯嵌段共聚物。
嵌段共聚物的典型应用浓度在30重量％-70重量％的范围内、特别地在35重量％-55重量％的范围内。
可存在并且可代替最多达一半的包含乙烯基芳族化合物的嵌段共聚物的其它聚合物包括基于纯烃的聚合物例如不饱和聚二烯如天然或合成聚异戊二烯或聚丁二烯、化学上基本上饱和的弹性体如饱和的乙烯-丙烯共聚物、α-烯烃共聚物、聚异丁烯、丁基橡胶、乙烯-丙烯橡胶和化学上官能化的烃如含卤素、丙烯酸酯或乙烯基醚的聚烯烃。
胶粘剂树脂充当增粘剂。
适合的胶粘剂树脂优选地包括基于松香或松香衍生物等的部分或完全氢化的树脂。也可使用至少部分氢化的烃树脂、例如通过含芳族化合物的烃树脂的部分或完全氢化获得的氢化的烃树脂(例如由Arakawa制造的Arkon P和Arkon M系列或由Eastman制造的Regalite系列)、基于氢化的二环戊二烯聚合物的烃树脂(例如由Exxon制造的Escorez5300系列)、基于氢化的C5/C9树脂的烃树脂(由Exxon制造的Escorez 5600系列)或基于氢化的C5树脂的烃树脂(由Eastman制造的Eastotac)和/或其混合物。
也可使用基于聚萜烯的氢化的聚萜烯树脂。可单独地或以混合物使用前述增粘树脂。
典型地可使用光稳定剂如UV吸收剂、空间受阻胺、抗臭氧剂、金属减活剂、加工剂和末端嵌段增强树脂作为另外的添加剂。
例如，典型地使用液体树脂、工艺用油或低分子液体聚合物例如具有<1500g/mol的分子量(数均)的低分子聚异丁烯或液体EPDM类型作为增塑剂。
胶浆可以比胶带载体窄的带的形式在胶带的纵向方向上施用。
经涂覆的带可如载体材料的10-80％宽。在这样的情况下，特别优选使用具有如载体材料的20-50％宽的涂层的带。
取决于预定的用途，载体材料可涂覆有若干个平行的胶粘剂带。
该带在载体上的位置是可自由选择的，尽管其优选地直接沉积(置于)在载体的边缘之一上。
胶浆可由溶液、分散体或由熔体制造和加工。优选的制造和加工方法由溶液和熔体进行。胶浆特别优选地由熔体制造，其中特别地可使用间歇式方法或连续方法。借助于挤出机的压敏胶粘剂的连续制造是特别有利的。
由熔体加工可涉及经由喷嘴或压延机的施加方法。
仅举几例，基于溶液的已知方法包括使用刮刀、刀片或喷嘴的涂覆。
最后，胶带可包括覆盖材料，一个胶浆层被该覆盖材料覆盖直至其准备使用。以上详细列举的所有材料均适合用作覆盖材料。
然而，优选使用无绒(lint-free)材料，例如塑料膜或完全胶合层压的长纤维纸。
胶带的优选变型为其中存在衬垫的那种。
衬垫(剥离纸、剥离膜)不是胶带或标签的构件，而仅为其制造或存储的辅助物或者用于通过模切(di-cutting)的进一步加工的辅助物。此外，与胶带载体相反，衬垫不牢固地接合至胶粘剂层。
使用已知胶带的问题是如下的事实：理想地，分离剂层应降低胶浆层和载体膜之间的分离力，使得胶带可卷绕于自身之上以供存储，并且使得胶粘剂稍后能够被再次展开。展开的胶带仍然具有分离剂层，使得在稍后围绕具有可变的横向尺寸的中间物再次卷绕胶带时，胶浆层和在其之下的载体膜之间的分离力变弱，这时不利的，并且卷绕的强度降低。
然而，令人惊讶地，已经发现，通过使用经蚀刻的膜，分离力可提高至出乎预料地高的程度。
所述目的进一步地使用根据本发明的施加器解决。
根据本发明的施加器包括：胶带卷和用于从胶带卷展开胶带的装置，其中从胶带卷展开的胶带在载体膜的一侧上配备有胶浆层。
有利地，施加器装配有用于胶带的切割装置。在切割装置的情况下，可切割展开的和粘合的胶带。
施加器还可包括用于将胶带压向基底的夹送辊。
也可设置收集装置用于存在的任何衬垫。
在本发明的优选实施方式中，胶带包括在胶带的纵向方向上延伸并由此其拉伸强度得以提高的至少一个丝。特别地，这样的丝可为玻璃丝或PET丝。该丝可结合到载体膜中和/或胶浆层中。该丝典型地由单丝的束组成，其中所述束由通过施胶剂(即，用粘合剂)粘在一起的单丝形成。
该丝可纵向地在彼此旁边并且彼此间隔一定距离地布置，或者它们也可作为稀松布或机织织物被结合到载体膜或胶浆层或二者中。
丝稀松布或机织织物具有优选地至少100N/cm、更优选地200N/cm、特别优选地500N/cm的纵向拉伸强度。
用于产生稀松布或机织织物的纱优选地具有80-2200分特、更优选地280-1100分特的强度。
出于本发明的目的，丝理解为直的平行的单纤维/单丝的束，其也常常在文献中被称为复丝。任选地，该纤维束可通过围绕其自身扭转来硬化，在该情况下该丝被说成是纺成的或缠绕的(盘绕的，twined)。替代地，通过用压缩空气或水射流搅拌可使纤维束内在地硬化。在随后的文本中，丝的通常名称将用于涉及所有这些实施方式。
该丝可为有纹理的或光滑的并且可为点硬化的(spot-stiffened)或者根本不硬化的。
稀松布/机织织物随后可为已经染色的或者其可由染色的细纱(spun dyed yarn)制成。
该丝更优选地由聚酯、聚丙烯、聚乙烯或聚酰胺、更优选地聚酯(Diolen)组成。
本发明的目的在其第二方面中使用装置解决。
术语装置在这里应被一般地进行解释。它包括其尺寸横向于绕卷可变的中间物，例如变压器、包装、钢束、电池和高电压电池。优选地，中间物优选地在温度的影响下在横向于绕卷的尺寸上是可改变的。围绕横向于绕卷的中间物设置卷绕于自身之上的胶带，该带环绕中间物，与其平齐地摆放并且与其粘合。
所述装置包括卷绕于自身之上的胶带，该胶带具有载体膜，在载体膜的一侧上施加胶浆层。特别地，设置胶带用于围绕能够横向于绕卷膨胀的中间物(如高电压电池)卷绕。所述装置特别地出于胶带的目的并且优选地通过前述方法之一来制造。
附图说明
将参照图中的示例性实施方式描述本发明。
在图中
图1显示动态剪切测试的示意图，
图2显示根据本发明的胶带的示例性结构。
图3显示对比例1、对比例2和实施例3的抗剪切性的比较。
具体实施方式
本发明涉及用于围绕横向于绕卷膨胀的中间物卷绕多次的方法。这样的用途的实例是高电压电池的制造，其中胶带以多个层粘合至自身。通过在卷绕自身的行为期间产生的预载荷、以及通过在电池充电和放电时的膨胀过程对卷绕的胶带施加力。为了能够在电池的膨胀期间以极度的方式维持作用在胶带上的拉伸力，可将胶带用纵向延伸的一个或多个丝增强。
根据本发明的胶带包括经蚀刻的载体膜1和在载体膜1的一侧上的胶浆层2。
测试已施加至载体膜的一侧的胶浆对另一侧的粘合强度的一种可能的方式是测定对另一侧的粘结的剪切强度。用于测定剪切强度的方法是如图1中展示的动态剪切测试。测试如下进行。将尺寸40x25mm的胶带条在25x25mm的区域上粘至尺寸40x25mm的胶带条的背面侧；以100N/cm2按压粘结区域一分钟。将胶带集合体通过突出的胶带条连接至拉伸测试机；将样品以50mm/分钟的速率拉开并且测量使胶带条已经被剪切掉的相对于粘结面积的力(N/cm2)。拉伸力用箭头指示。
为了简化，在上方胶带条上的胶浆完全没有示出。而且，仅在第二条上的粘结区域中显示胶浆。
对比例1和2中的载体膜1为硅化(硅酮化)的PET膜，以及在实施例3中为经蚀刻的PET膜。使用丙烯酸酯胶浆作为压敏胶粘剂。下图显示相对于具有硅酮的胶带背面侧的涂层，抗剪切性通过等离子体处理而提高。为此，紧接在施用胶带之前的等离子体处理形式的物理表面处理具有优化配备有分离剂的载体膜的背面侧的粘结的效果。在使用经蚀刻的膜作为载体的情况下，可再次看到显著地且出乎预料地高的提高，在该情况下抗剪切性几乎是双倍的(参见图3)。
与未经历背面侧的等离子体处理的已知标准胶带相比，可提及以下优势：
·在多层粘合的情况下的可靠粘接。特别地，这可防止粘合布置的最后的层自己定位。
·工艺步骤如用于改善背面侧的可粘合性的等离子体处理是不必要的。
附图标记列表
1 载体膜
2 胶浆层

Claims (5)

1.通过用胶带缠绕横向于绕卷膨胀的中间物的粘合方法，其中：
从胶带卷展开胶带，
展开的胶带在载体膜(1)的一侧上设有胶浆层(2)并且在相反侧上部分地设有分离剂层(3)，
其中被分离剂层(3)覆盖的面积占载体背面侧的总面积的不超过50％、优选地不超过20％、更优选地不超过10％、更优选地不超过5％，
其中将至少载体膜(1)的配备有分离剂层(3)的侧的表面蚀刻，
围绕横向于绕卷膨胀的中间物卷绕胶带，使得胶带的至少一部分粘合至下方绕卷层上的胶浆层(2)。
2.根据权利要求1的方法，其特征在于与配备有胶浆层(2)的侧相反的侧不配备有分离剂层(3)和/或另外的层。
3.根据权利要求1或2的方法，其特征在于以若干个绕卷层围绕中间物卷绕胶带，所述若干个绕卷层以一个在另一个之上的方式粘合。
4.根据权利要求1、2或3任一项的方法，其特征在于将三氯乙酸(Cl3C-COOH)或三氯乙酸与惰性结晶化合物、优选地硅化合物、更优选地[SiO2]x的组合用于蚀刻载体膜(1)。
5.根据前述权利要求任一项的方法，其特征在于胶浆层(2)的胶浆选自以下的组：基于天然或合成橡胶的胶浆、特别地硅酮胶浆和聚丙烯酸酯胶浆。
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US20180111363A1 (en) 2018-04-26
CN107974209B (zh) 2020-11-10
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KR102033651B1 (ko) 2019-10-17
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EP3321337B1 (de) 2020-12-30
JP6556206B2 (ja) 2019-08-07

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