CN107930619B - 一种多孔海绵状CrMnOX/硅酸铝纤维棉低温烟气脱硝催化剂的制备 - Google Patents
一种多孔海绵状CrMnOX/硅酸铝纤维棉低温烟气脱硝催化剂的制备 Download PDFInfo
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- 229910000323 aluminium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
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- UOGMEBQRZBEZQT-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);diacetate Chemical compound [Mn+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O UOGMEBQRZBEZQT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
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- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 7
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- PHFQLYPOURZARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium trinitrate Chemical compound [Cr+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O PHFQLYPOURZARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- MIVBAHRSNUNMPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese(2+);dinitrate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O MIVBAHRSNUNMPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- DCKVFVYPWDKYDN-UHFFFAOYSA-L oxygen(2-);titanium(4+);sulfate Chemical compound [O-2].[Ti+4].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O DCKVFVYPWDKYDN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000020477 pH reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
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- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/16—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/32—Manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/34—Manganese
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Abstract
本发明属于烟气脱硝领域,尤其是一种水热法原位生长的多孔海绵状CrMnOX/硅酸铝纤维棉低温烟气脱硝催化剂。本发明针对现有脱硝催化剂载体不易成型,在实际使用中容易堵塞,活性组分在催化剂载体上不易固定,在烟气管道实际使用中催化剂不易裁剪,以及单纯MnOX催化剂容易被SO2毒化等诸多缺点。提供一种水热法原位生长的多孔海绵状CrMnOX/硅酸铝纤维棉烟气脱硝催化剂及其制备方法。以酸化后的多孔纤维状硅酸铝纤维棉为载体,使用水热法原位负载CrMnOX作为活性组分,本发明制备的催化剂工艺简单,催化剂低温活性范围广,脱硝效率高,且易于运输和裁剪,可以广泛应用于实际电厂脱硝项目。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于烟气脱硝领域,尤其是一种多孔海绵状CrMnOX/硅酸铝纤维棉低温烟气脱硝催化剂。
背景技术
随时全球汽车数量的剧增以及化石能源的燃烧,NOx(NO/N2O/NO2)的排放量逐年增加。造成酸雨,化学烟雾能诸多环境问题,对人们的生活环境造成极大污染。因此用化学方法处理环境中排放的NOx (NO/N2O/NO2),使其变成无毒的N2变的非常重要。选择性催化还原法(selective catalytic reduction,SCR) 是当今国际上应用最为广泛的烟气脱硝技术。该方法采用NH3作为还原剂,将NOx还原成N2。目前,钒钨铁系列催化剂常被用作燃煤火电厂脱硝催化剂。但其脱硝温度较高,因此只能将装置布置于省煤器和空气预热器之间,但此处烟气中存在大量飞灰,飞灰中含有碱金属,砷和束等物质,会侵蚀和毒化催化剂,导致催化剂失活,降低其使用寿命。所需燃料成本高。Mn元素因具有+2、+4、+6、+7等多种价态,且价态之间转变所需要的活化能较低,因此在低温下具有优异的脱硝性能,因此是公认的低温脱硝催化剂活性组分,但MnO2本身也有诸多缺陷,例如抗SO2性能差,抗水性能差,催化剂高温下容易团聚等诸多问题,因此改变MnO2的缺陷成为近几年脱硝领域的研究重点,主要以Fe、V、Cr等金属氧化物进行掺杂或复合提升MnO2的表面酸性或比表面积,降低SO2对MnO2的毒化作用。但活性组分主要以颗粒状为主,比表面积较小,且高温下或在水蒸气存在下容易发生团聚,造成活性的下降。
2017年中国专利CN106925294A公开公开一种以泡沫金属镍为载体负载MnO2为活性组分的脱硝催化剂。将泡沫镍为载体,将MnO2以浸渍的方法负载在泡沫镍上面,通过烘干、焙烧、等一系列工艺制备催化剂。该方法虽然借助泡沫镍的三维多孔结构,解决了实际应用脱硝催化剂不易成型,容易堵塞的问题,且获得了较好的脱硝性能。但该方法仍有诸多不足:(1)通过浸渍工艺将MnO2负载在泡沫镍上面,MnO2团聚严重,且以颗粒状存在,不能形成多孔海绵状。(2)以单独的MnO2作为活性组分,催化剂抗SO2性能差,副反应严重。(3)所使用的泡沫镍虽然具有三维多孔结构,且易于剪切,但价格昂贵,造成催化剂的成本上升。
发明内容
本发明针对现有脱硝催化剂载体不易成型,在实际使用中容易堵塞,活性组分在催化剂载体上不易固定,在烟气管道实际使用中催化剂不易裁剪,以及单纯MnOX催化剂容易被SO2毒化等诸多缺点。提供一种水热法原位生长的多孔海绵状CrMnOX/硅酸铝纤维棉烟气脱硝催化剂及其制备方法。采用本发明制备的催化剂工艺简单,制备的催化剂活性高,活性温度范围宽,抗H2O抗SO2性能优越,且易于裁剪和运输,在实际使用中不易堵塞。此外本发明所使用的硅酸铝纤维棉具有多孔耐高温且价格低廉的优点,从而节约催化剂成本。
本发明所采用的技术方案为:一种多孔海绵状CrMnOX/硅酸铝纤维棉低温烟气脱硝催化剂,以酸化后的硅酸铝纤维棉为载体,通过氨水共沉淀法负载CrMnOX,然后通过原位水热生长制备多孔海绵状 CrMnOX为活性组分。
进一步的,所述催化剂中CrMnOX的含量与纤维棉的质量比为1:1,MnOX与CrOX的摩尔比1~3:1。
上述的多孔海绵状CrMnOX/硅酸铝纤维棉低温烟气脱硝催化剂,其制备方法如下:
(1)将5g硅酸铝纤维棉溶于200mL3mol/LHNO3和3mol/L H2SO4的混合溶液中,升温90℃反应3h, 目的是去除表面杂质,同时在硅酸铝纤维棉表面移入羟基。反应结束后抽滤,洗涤至中性,90℃烘干。作为载体备用。
(2)将步骤1制备的载体分散于100mL去离子水中,搅拌约30min。将摩尔比为1:1的乙酸锰和硝酸铬溶于50mL去离子水,超声溶解,加入上述载体中,搅拌至均匀。逐滴加入氨水调节pH=10,然后移入不锈钢高压反应釜,90℃密封反应6h,反应结束后抽滤,洗涤至中性,80℃烘干,400℃焙烧,即得多孔海绵状CrMnOX/硅酸铝纤维棉低温烟气脱硝催化剂。
本发明的有益效果为:
1、使用廉价且多孔的硅酸铝纤维棉为载体,使制备的催化剂易于成型和裁剪,可以任意裁剪成所需要的形状和大小,且因为纤维棉本身的三维纤维多孔结构,制备的催化剂气通性好,在实际应用中不易堵塞。
2、与传统的浸渍法相比,本发明先在载体表面引入羟基登官能团,然后将活性组分用氨水同步沉积在表面,因为羟基和氢氧化合物之间的电荷吸引,是活性组分在载体表面分布更均匀,结合更坚固,在实际使用不易脱落。
3、本方法利用水热法进行原位生长,使沉积在载体表面氢氧化锰和氢氧化铬晶种在水热条件下生长,形成块状。然后通过焙烧,使氢氧化物分解放出气体,同时形成多孔结构。
4、本方法使用Cr作为辅助元素,相比于单独的MnOX,Cr的加入能形成Cr-O-Mn结构,提升催化剂的脱硝性能,同时提升MnOX的抗H2O抗H2O性能。
附图说明
图1a,1b为酸化后的硅酸铝纤维棉成品以及制备的CrMnOX/硅酸铝纤维棉成品的电子图片。
图2a,2b为不同尺寸的多孔海绵状CrMnOX/硅酸铝纤维棉低温烟气脱硝催化剂的SEM图片。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例和比较例,具体说明一种多孔海绵状CrMnOX/硅酸铝纤维棉低温烟气脱硝催化剂的制备。
实施例1:
(1)将5g硅酸铝纤维棉溶于200mL3moL/L HNO3和3moL/L H2SO4的混合溶液中,升温90℃反应3h,目的是去除表面杂质,同时在硅酸铝纤维棉表面移入羟基。反应结束后抽滤,洗涤至中性,90℃烘干。作为载体备用。
(2)取1g步骤1制备的载体分散于100mL去离子水中,搅拌约30min。将摩尔比为1:1的1g乙酸锰和1.63 g硝酸铬溶于50mL去离子水,超声溶解,加入上述载体中,搅拌至均匀。逐滴加入氨水调节pH=10,然后移入不锈钢高压反应釜,90℃密封反应6h,反应结束后抽滤,洗涤至中性,80℃烘干,400℃焙烧,即得多孔海绵状CrMnOX(1:1)/硅酸铝纤维棉低温烟气脱硝催化剂。
图1a,1b为酸化后的硅酸铝纤维棉成品以及制备的CrMnOX/硅酸铝纤维棉成品的电子图片。按实施例1 中制备方法在3mol/L HNO3和3mol/LH2SO4的混合溶液中酸化制得,从图1a中可以看出经过酸化后的硅酸铝纤维棉表面蓬松,且杂质较少,说明经过酸化处理的硅酸铝纤维棉被很好的去除了表面杂质,提升了催化剂的比表面积。从图1b中可以看到经过活性组分CrMnOX的沉积和水热处理,在原有的白色的硅酸铝纤维棉表面成功负载一层黑色的CrMnOX活性物质。
图2a,2b为不同尺寸的多孔海绵状CrMnOX/硅酸铝纤维棉低温烟气脱硝催化剂的SEM图片。从图2a可以看出,在10μm尺度的拍摄条件下可以清楚看到,经过工艺处理在三维纤维状硅酸铝表面成功负载了块状的CrMnOX活性物质,且可以看出活性物质是均匀的穿插或者生长在纤维棉表面,不是简单的机械复合,这样结合的方式可以使活性物质牢固的负载在载体表面,在使用过程中不易脱落造成性能的下降。从图2b 可以看出,在2μm尺度的拍摄条件下可以清楚看到,在纤维棉表面经过生长的块状CrMnOX活性物质呈现多孔海绵状的形貌,从图中可以清晰的看出CrMnOX活性物质的孔道分布。
实施例2:
取1g步骤1制备的载体分散于100mL去离子水中,搅拌约30min。将摩尔比为2:1的2g乙酸锰和 1.63g硝酸铬溶于50mL去离子水,超声溶解,加入上述载体中,搅拌至均匀。逐滴加入氨水调节pH=10,然后移入不锈钢高压反应釜,90℃密封反应6h,反应结束后抽滤,洗涤至中性,80℃烘干,400℃焙烧,即得多孔海绵状CrMnOX(2:1)/硅酸铝纤维棉低温烟气脱硝催化剂。
实施例3:
取1g步骤1制备的载体分散于100mL去离子水中,搅拌约30min。将摩尔比为3:1的3g乙酸锰和 1.63g硝酸铬溶于50mL去离子水,超声溶解,加入上述载体中,搅拌至均匀。逐滴加入氨水调节pH=10,然后移入不锈钢高压反应釜,90℃密封反应6h,反应结束后抽滤,洗涤至中性,80℃烘干,400℃焙烧,即得多孔海绵状CrMnOX(3:1)/硅酸铝纤维棉低温烟气脱硝催化剂。
对比例1
将实例1中催化剂中的硅酸铝纤维棉去掉,具体操作步骤如下:
取摩尔比为1:1的1g乙酸锰和1.63g硝酸铬溶于50mL去离子水,超声溶解,搅拌至均匀。逐滴加入氨水调节pH=10,然后移入不锈钢高压反应釜,90℃密封反应6h,反应结束后抽滤,洗涤至中性,80℃烘干,400℃焙烧,即得多孔海绵状CrMnOX(3:1)低温烟气脱硝催化剂。
对比例2
将实例1中催化剂中的硝酸铬前驱物去掉,具体操作步骤如下:
取1g步骤1制备的载体分散于100mL去离子水中,搅拌约30min。将1g乙酸锰溶于50mL去离子水,超声溶解,加入上述载体中,搅拌至均匀。逐滴加入氨水调节pH=10,然后移入不锈钢高压反应釜,90℃密封反应6h,反应结束后抽滤,洗涤至中性,80℃烘干,400℃焙烧,即得MnOX/硅酸铝纤维棉低温烟气脱硝催化剂。
对比例3
将实例1中催化剂中的硅酸铝纤维棉载体换成现在烟气脱硝领域主流的二氧化钛,同时通过浸渍的方法将活性物质进行负载,具体操作步骤如下:
取2g步骤硫酸钛分散于100mL去离子水中,搅拌约30min,逐滴加入氨水调节pH=10,后抽滤,洗涤,80℃烘干。然后将摩尔比为1:1的1g硝酸锰和1.63g硝酸铬溶于50mL去离子水,超声溶解,加入上述制备的二氧化钛载体中,搅拌至均匀。然后移入不锈钢高压反应釜,90℃密封反应6h,反应结束后抽滤,洗涤至中性,80℃烘干,400℃焙烧,即得CrMnOX(1:1)/TiO2纤维棉低温烟气脱硝催化剂。
多孔海绵状CrMnOX(3:1)低温烟气脱硝催化剂的测试
本发明在SCR-光催化两用固定床上进行活性测试,量取约3mL催化剂置于固定床石英管反应器中,采用高精度质量流量计(七星华创,D07-19B型)精确控制进口气体流量,以N2作为载气,气体组成为: [NO]=1000ppm、[NH3]=1000ppm、SO2=300ppm、O2=3vol%,反应空速为=45000h-1,测试前先持续通气 30min,使得催化剂吸附饱和,从而排除NOx被吸附而带来的浓度下降。同时使用德国凯恩公司生产的 KM9106烟气分析仪检测进口浓度,得到精确的进口NOx浓度,记为[NOx]in。然后逐步升温同时检测出口的NOx浓度,记为[NOx]out。按照反应温度要求,逐步升高反应温度,每隔20℃稳定后读取该温度下出口的NOx浓度,测量数据如表1所示。
脱硝效率的计算公式如下:
由表1可见,本发明所制备的多孔海绵状CrMnOX(1:1)/硅酸铝纤维棉低温烟气脱硝催化剂。具有较低的活性温度,较宽的活性温度区间和优异的抗SO2性能。对比不同摩尔比的CrMnOX/硅酸铝纤维催化剂,可以发现CrMnOX(1:1)/硅酸铝纤维棉具有最佳的活性,原因在于过量锰的加入会导致MnOX活性组分的过剩,在沉积过程中不能很好的分散与CrOX共同沉积形成Mn-O-Cr构型,产生协同作用。降低了整体催化剂的活性。同时对比不加纤维棉的CrMnOX(1:1)活性和浸渍法制备的CrMnOX(1:1)/TiO2,可以发现没有纤维棉的活性组分脱硝性能出现了明显的下降,主要原因在于,没有硅酸铝纤维棉的三维纤维状结构的支撑,活性组分不能很好的分散,产生了团聚现象,活性组分比表面积变小,不能很好的与气体接触,造成活性下降。同时浸渍法制备的CrMnOX(1:1)/TiO2活性更差,主要原因在于TiO2本身比表面积较小,活性组分不能很好的分散在表面,同时以浸渍法负载的活性组分也不能均匀分散,在水热生长的过程中受载体和活性组分的双重限制,活性组分不能生长为块状物质,这将造成脱硝性能的严重下降。同时对比2的活性可以看出,单纯的乙酸锰制备MnOX/硅酸铝纤维棉低温烟气脱硝催化剂虽然具有优异的脱硝能力,但在 300ppm SO2存在下性能出现严重的下降,主要原因在于没有CrOX的存在,MnOX本身酸性不足,在300ppm SO2存在下,MnOX容易受到SO2的攻击。在CrOX的存在条件下,一方面能提升MnOX的酸性,减少MnOX与SO2反应,另一方面以共沉淀法制备CrMnOX(1:1)活性物质能,形成Mn-O-Cr构型,使SO2能优先攻击CrOX而对MnOX起到部分保护作用。
Claims (3)
1.一种水热法原位生长的多孔海绵状CrMnOx/硅酸铝纤维棉低温烟气脱硝催化剂,其特征在于:以三维多孔且易于成型和裁剪的硅酸铝纤维棉为载体,负载活性组分为多孔海绵状CrMnOx的活性组分;CrMnOx的沉积条件为pH=10,温度为90℃,时间6h,焙烧温度为400℃,负载量与纤维棉的质量比为1:1,纤维棉酸化条件为3mol/L HNO3和3mol/L H2SO4的混合溶液;MnOx与CrOx的摩尔比为1~3:1。
2.根据权利要求1中所述的水热法原位生长的多孔海绵状CrMnOx/硅酸铝纤维棉低温烟气脱硝催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于:
(1)将5g硅酸铝纤维棉溶于200 mL 3 mol/L HNO3和3 mol/L H2SO4的混合溶液中,升温90℃反应3h,目的是去除表面杂质,同时在硅酸铝纤维棉表面移入羟基;反应结束后抽滤,洗涤,烘干,作为载体备用;(2)将步骤1制备的载体分散于100mL去离子水中,搅拌约30min,加入已溶解的二价锰盐和二价铬盐,搅拌均匀,用氨水逐滴加入调节pH=10,后移入不锈钢高压反应釜,90℃反应6h,反应结束后抽滤,洗涤,烘干,400℃焙烧,即得多孔海绵状CrMnOx/硅酸铝纤维棉低温烟气脱硝催化剂。
3.根据权利要求2所述的多孔海绵状CrMnOx/硅酸铝纤维棉低温烟气脱硝催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于:所使用的可溶性二价锰盐为Mn(NO3)2或乙酸锰的一种。
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