CN107914701A - 手动变速器车辆的或与手动变速器车辆有关的改进 - Google Patents

手动变速器车辆的或与手动变速器车辆有关的改进 Download PDF

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CN107914701A
CN107914701A CN201710931562.1A CN201710931562A CN107914701A CN 107914701 A CN107914701 A CN 107914701A CN 201710931562 A CN201710931562 A CN 201710931562A CN 107914701 A CN107914701 A CN 107914701A
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electric power
traffic
power
driven
jogging
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CN107914701B (zh
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克里斯·爱德华·派勒
塞米·菲利蒙·彼得里迪斯
大卫·赫斯科斯
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Ford Global Technologies LLC
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W30/00—Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units, or advanced driver assistance systems for ensuring comfort, stability and safety or drive control systems for propelling or retarding the vehicle
    • B60W30/18—Propelling the vehicle
    • B60W30/18009—Propelling the vehicle related to particular drive situations
    • B60W30/18063—Creeping
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    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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Abstract

一种用于在具有自适应巡航控制的手动变速器车辆中提供电力滑移和电力驱动的交通缓行的系统，车辆包括加速器踏板、制动器踏板、和离合器踏板，车辆还设置有在正常操作下作为主要动力源的燃烧发动机、和用于当电力滑移或电力驱动的交通缓行中的一个或两个被部署时为车辆提供低速动力的电动马达/发电机，系统配置为当车辆静止并且车辆变速器处于空挡时，关闭燃烧发动机并激活电力滑移；系统还配置为当自适应巡航控制和电力滑移两者都已起动并且燃烧发动机关闭时，激活电力驱动的交通缓行；系统还配置为当激活制动器踏板时，退出电力驱动的交通缓行；并且系统还配置为当激活加速器踏板或离合器踏板时，退出电力驱动的交通缓行和电力滑移并且重启燃烧发动机。

Description

手动变速器车辆的或与手动变速器车辆有关的改进
技术领域
本发明涉及手动变速器车辆的或与手动变速器车辆有关的改进，并且特别涉及在手动变速器车辆中提供滑移扭矩和电力驱动的交通缓行。
背景技术
自动变速器的一大优势是仅通过释放脚踏制动器就能够在交通拥堵中缓慢前进。相比之下，手动变速器车辆必须在加速器、制动器和离合器踏板的控制下平缓地向前释放，对驾驶员而言这很快变得令人厌烦。
还配备有自适应巡航控制(adaptive cruise control，“ACC”)的自动变速器车辆有时具有停止/起动功能，该功能允许车辆自动跟随前方的车辆。在缓慢移动的交通中，ACC起动/停止功能还提供了交通缓行功能，不再需要驾驶员为跟上交通而持续控制制动器踏板。由于离合器、制动器和换挡必须由驾驶员控制，交通缓行功能在手动变速器车辆上不可用。
当在交通拥堵中驾驶手动变速箱车辆时，连续控制加速器、制动器和离合器踏板从燃料经济性的角度来看也不是高效率的。
在这种条件下的燃料经济性问题已经通过引入发动机起动-停止技术来解决，发动机起动-停止技术通常要求发动机处于空挡以使发动机停止。其结果是，在具有起动-停止技术的手动变速器车辆中，用户不仅必须通过加速器、制动器和离合器来控制向前运动，而且还必须在车辆停止时处于空挡。重复从空挡换到一挡，重复停止和起动发动机，以及操作加速器、制动器和离合器的要求相结合，为驾驶员创造了令人不满的体验。
此外，混合动力电动车辆(hybrid electric vehicle，HEV)通常具有多个动力源，即内燃发动机和电动马达。电动马达的作用根据混合动力车辆的种类的不同而不同。
针对这种背景出现了本发明。
发明内容
根据本发明，提供了一种用于在具有自适应巡航控制的手动变速器车辆中提供电力滑移和电力驱动的交通缓行的系统，车辆包括加速器踏板、制动器踏板、和离合器踏板，车辆还设置有在正常操作下作为主要动力源的燃烧发动机、和用于当电力滑移或电力驱动的交通缓行中的一个或两个被激活时为车辆提供低速动力的电动马达/发电机，系统配置为当车辆静止并且车辆变速器处于空挡时，关闭燃烧发动机并激活电力滑移；系统还配置为当自适应巡航控制和电力滑移两者都已起动并且燃烧发动机关闭时，激活电力驱动的交通缓行；系统还配置为当激活制动器踏板时，退出电力驱动的交通缓行；并且系统还配置为当激活加速器踏板或离合器踏板时，退出电力驱动的交通缓行和电力滑移并且重启燃烧发动机。
手动变速器车辆中的电力滑移和电力驱动的交通缓行功能的组合在慢速驾驶时(例如在交通拥堵中)提供了增强的驾驶体验。电力滑移为车辆提供低速动力，并且使得驾驶员能够仅通过使用制动器踏板来调节车辆速度。电力驱动的交通缓行使得车辆能够不使用车辆踏板的情况下在前方车辆的后方保持设定距离。这种功能的组合导致驾驶员的驾驶条件更简单并且减少疲劳。此外，由电力滑移和电力驱动的交通缓行提供的低速电动推进与常规的手动变速器车辆可能实现的相比可提供对车辆的更大控制，并且该低速电动推进有助于提高燃料效率。
该系统可以包括用于手动激活电力滑移的控制按钮。
电力滑移可能不是在所有驾驶条件下都有效。因此优选地，用户选择是否激活电力滑移。
在手动变速器车辆中，挡位选择由变速杆控制，电力滑移控制按钮可以是设置在变速杆上的控制按钮。
对于驾驶员而言，在变速杆上设置控制按钮是直观的，由于在要使用电力滑移功能的拥堵的、停止/起动的交通状况中必须要换挡，并且因此驾驶员的手必然会在变速杆上。
该系统可以包括用于激活ACC的控制按钮。
该系统还可以配置为基于另外的用户动作来取消电力滑移和/或电力驱动的交通缓行功能，另外的用户动作可以单独地或组合地包括以下的一个或多个：解开驾驶员的座椅安全带；打开驾驶员门并移动变速杆。
该系统还可以配置为如果电池中的荷电水平达到预定的阈值水平，即电池的荷电水平消耗到低于预先确定的荷电状态使得用电功能可能导致电机(有可能包括起动机马达)不起作用，则取消电力滑移和电力驱动的交通缓行功能。
可能存在这样的情况：驾驶员不方便通过压下加速器或离合器踏板来取消电力滑移、以及不方便通过压下制动器踏板来取消电力驱动的交通缓行。例如，如果驾驶员需要离开车辆或顾及后座乘客，车辆不会仅因为没有压下制动器而意外地继续滑移/缓行是很重要的。作为对失效保护操作方案的贡献，电力滑移/电力驱动的交通缓行设施可以配置为基于表明驾驶员不在驾驶位置的其他关键指标而取消。
此外，提供电力滑移/电力驱动的交通缓冲行功能的马达可以配置为提供车辆向前或向后的移动。这意味着，除了在车辆需要进行许多短暂、低速运动以跟上缓慢移动的交通这样的交通拥堵中主要使用本系统之外，系统还可以部署为辅助车辆的停车。提供向前和向后运动使得车辆能够不借助来自燃烧发动机的任何帮助，完全在电动马达的动力下停车。当车辆停放在诸如车库的建筑物内时，这是特别有利的，因此发动机烟雾不会透过建筑物。
为了便于选择向前或向后运动，变速杆上的按钮可以具有摇杆或滑动功能，使得使用者能够在向前和向后运动之间进行选择。该开关应当设置为默认向前运动，因为这是系统的主要用途。
用于提供电力滑移/电力驱动的交通缓行的电机或电动马达具有10KW或更大的额定功率，并连接到变速器的输出轴或后轮轴。电机可以是轻度混合动力设备的一部分，还提供能量回收、负载转换和起步辅助。
此外，根据本发明提供了一种用于在具有自适应巡航控制的手动变速器车辆中提供电力滑移和电力驱动的交通缓行的控制器，车辆包括燃烧发动机和电动马达/发电机，其中车辆由加速器、制动器和离合器踏板控制，并且控制器配置为：当车辆静止并且车辆变速器处于空挡时，关闭燃烧发动机；当燃烧发动机由控制器关闭时，起用电力滑移；当电力滑移和自适应巡航控制都起用时，激活电力驱动的交通缓行；在激活制动器踏板时，取消电力驱动的交通缓行；并且在激活加速器踏板或离合器踏板时，取消电力滑移和电力驱动的交通缓行。
附图说明
现在将仅通过示例的方式并且参照附图进一步并且更具体地描述本发明，附图中：
图1示意性地示出了本发明示例的组成部分；
图2a示出了电力滑移的进入条件；
图2b示出了电力驱动的交通缓行的进入条件；
图3a示出了电力滑移的退出条件；
图3b示出了电力驱动的交通缓行的退出条件；和
图4A和4B示意性地示出了可应用本发明的两种不同的手动变速器构造。
具体实施方式
图1示出了形成本发明的系统10的一部分的部件。系统10在动力传动系统控制模块40内实施。动力传动系统控制模块40配置为从位于车辆周围的不同位置的多个传感器接收数据。从一些传感器接收到的数据可由动力传动系统控制模块40用于实施电力滑移和电力驱动的交通缓行功能。
加速器踏板位置传感器21、制动器压力或车轮扭矩传感器22、以及离合器踏板或离合器位置传感器23提供表明指示相应踏板压下程度的数据。虽然由传感器提供的数据包括表明相应踏板的压下程度的数据，系统10仅需要该数据的子集，该子集显示是否存在对踏板的任何按压。
变速箱位置传感器24提供关于变速杆位置的数据，特别是变速杆是否处于空挡位置。
提供了电力滑移驱动控制开关25。开关25可以是具有“开”和“关”位置的二进制开关。可替代地，它们可以是具有“向前”，“向后”和“关闭”位置的摇杆开关。
还提供了ACC驱动控制开关45。ACC开关45用于激活ACC，当起用电力滑移时可以激活或不激活ACC。当燃烧发动机启动时，有些车辆会自动激活ACC，但是大多数车辆需要驾驶员手动激活ACC。
进一步地，传感器26核对表明驾驶员可能离开车辆的数据。这些传感器可以包括监测接合驾驶员座椅安全带的传感器和监测打开驾驶员门的传感器。
应当理解，加速器、制动器和离合器踏板的传感器21、22、23配置为向动力传动系统控制模块40提供数据以使该模块执行正常功能。此外，通常提供座椅安全带接合传感器26，以便于如果驾驶员试图不系紧座椅安全带就驾驶车辆则提供警告。在这些位置系统10不需要部署额外的传感器。然而，为了部署电力滑移和电力驱动的交通缓行功能，动力传动系统控制模块40必须配置为适当地接收和解释数据。
通过集成在车辆推进系统中的电动马达60实现部署电力滑移和电力驱动的交通缓行的功能。当部署电力滑移或电力驱动的交通缓行功能时，电动马达60向车辆提供低速动力。
动力传动系统控制模块40还向电力滑移和电力驱动的交通缓行的驱动接口62提供数据。该接口62可以体现为仪表盘内的灯、指示器或消息通知，或者可以通过车辆信息娱乐系统实现。
此外，动力传动系统控制模块40向配置为控制倒车灯的模块64提供数据。这确保了当电力滑移系统被部署用于倒车的方向时，车辆的倒车灯被部署为与车辆在燃烧发动机的动力下倒车运动时应有的部署一致。
图2a概述了系统10仅进入电力滑移模式的条件。变速杆34必须处于空挡位置；加速器踏板31和离合器踏板33必须完全释放，即完全不受压。该配置导致启动自动停止功能39。一旦燃烧发动机自动停止，则如果电力滑移控制开关25被激活并且制动器踏板32被按下，车辆将进入电力滑移模式。在这种模式中，仅通过控制制动器踏板32来控制电力滑移扭矩。如果电力滑移控制开关25包括前进和后退选项，则滑移扭矩将根据开关25的位置而向前或向后移动车辆。
图2b概述了系统10进入电力滑移模式和电力驱动的交通缓行模式的条件。变速杆34必须处于空挡位置；加速器踏板31和离合器踏板33必须完全释放，即完全不受压。一旦车辆自动停止功能39开始自动停止燃烧发动机，并且已经通过使用电力滑移控制开关25和下压制动器踏板32而启动电力滑移，可以通过完全释放制动器踏板32并且使用ACC开关45激活车辆ACC系统来启动电力驱动的交通缓行。
图3a概述了系统10仅退出电力滑移模式的条件。如果满足以下条件之一，电力滑移将被取消：将变速杆34移出空挡位置；压下加速器踏板31或离合器踏板33；或激活电力滑移控制开关25。如果控制开关25是具有“向前”、“向后”和“关闭”三个位置的滑杆或非锁定按钮，则当按钮或滑杆移动到“关闭”位置时，系统10关闭。
图3b概述了系统10退出电力驱动的交通缓行模式的条件。如果压下制动器踏板32、如果激活ACC开关45或者如果取消电动滑移，则取消电力驱动的交通缓行。
图4A和4B示出了可以应用于本发明的系统10的两种不同的手动变速器构造。在每一个示图中，燃烧发动机被描绘为一系列四个圆圈，有效地提供了具有活塞的气缸体的俯视图。其他部件是电机E/M、电池B、差速器或主减速器D、变速器T和起动马达S。
图4A示出了具有单独的起动马达和电机E/M的单个离合器构造。
图4B示出了电动后桥驱动(electrical rear axle drive，E-rad)系统，其包括与电机E/M分离的燃烧发动机。在该构造中，燃烧发动机为前轮提供动力。电力滑移和电力缓行系统使用配置为向后轮提供动力的电机运行。
本领域技术人员将理解，虽然已经通过参考一个或多个实施例以示例描述了本发明，但是本发明并不限于所公开的实施例，并且可以构建可替代实施例而不脱离本发明由所附权利要求限定的范围。

Claims (15)

1.一种用于在手动变速器车辆中提供电力滑移和电力驱动的交通缓行的系统，所述车辆具有自适应巡航控制，所述车辆包括加速器踏板、制动器踏板、和离合器踏板，所述车辆还设置有在正常操作下作为所述主要动力源的燃烧发动机、和用于当所述电力滑移或所述电力驱动的交通缓行中的一个或两个被激活时为所述车辆提供低速动力的电动马达/发电机，
所述系统配置为当所述车辆静止并且所述车辆变速器处于空挡时，关闭所述燃烧发动机并且激活所述电力滑移；
所述系统还配置为当所述自适应巡航控制和所述电力滑移两者都已起动并且所述燃烧发动机关闭时，激活所述电力驱动的交通缓行；
所述系统还配置为当激活所述制动器踏板时，退出所述电力驱动的交通缓行；并且
所述系统还配置为当激活所述加速器踏板或所述离合器踏板时，退出所述电力驱动的交通缓行和所述电力滑移并且重启所述燃烧发动机。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于在手动变速器车辆中提供电力滑移和电力驱动的交通缓行的系统，其中所述系统还包括被配置为激活所述电力滑移的控制按钮。
3.根据权利要求2所述的用于在手动变速器车辆中提供电力滑移和电力驱动的交通缓行的系统，其中所述手动变速器车辆内的挡位选择由变速杆控制，并且所述控制按钮设置在所述变速杆上。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的用于在手动变速器车辆中提供电力滑移和电力驱动的交通缓行的系统，其中所述系统还配置为基于用户的进一步动作来取消所述电力滑移和/或所述电力驱动的交通缓行。
5.根据权利要求4所述的用于在手动变速器车辆中提供电力滑移和电力驱动的交通缓行的系统，其中所述用户的进一步动作是解开驾驶员的安全带。
6.根据权利要求4所述的用于在手动变速器车辆中提供电力滑移和电力驱动的交通缓行的系统，其中所述用户的进一步动作是打开驾驶员门。
7.根据权利要求4所述的用于在手动变速器车辆中提供电力滑移和电力驱动的交通缓行的系统，其中所述用户的进一步动作是所述变速杆的运动。
8.根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的用于在手动变速器车辆中提供电力滑移和电力驱动的交通缓行的系统，其中所述系统还配置为如果为所述电动马达/发电机供电的电池中的荷电水平消耗到低于预先确定的荷电水平，取消所述电力滑移和所述电力驱动的交通缓行。
9.根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的用于在手动变速器车辆中提供电力滑移和电力驱动的交通缓行的系统，其中所述电动马达配置为在前进以及倒车方向上提供低速动力。
10.根据权利要求8所述的用于在手动变速器车辆中提供电力滑移和电力驱动的交通缓行的系统，还包括配置为使所述驾驶员能够选择前进以及倒车缓行的选择器。
11.根据权利要求1至10中任一项所述的用于在手动变速器车辆中提供电力滑移和电力驱动的交通缓行的系统，其中所述电动马达连接到变速器输出轴。
12.一种用于在具有自适应巡航控制的手动变速器车辆中提供电力滑移和电力驱动的交通缓行的控制器，所述车辆包括燃烧发动机和电动马达/发电机，其中所述车辆由加速器、制动器和离合器踏板控制，并且所述控制器配置为：
当所述车辆静止并且所述车辆变速器处于空挡时，关闭所述燃烧发动机；
当所述燃烧发动机由所述控制器关闭时，起用所述电力滑移；
当所述电力滑移和所述自适应巡航控制都起用时，激活所述电力驱动的交通缓行；
在激活所述制动器踏板时，取消所述电力驱动的交通缓行；并且
在激活所述加速器踏板或所述离合器踏板时，取消所述电力滑移和所述电力驱动的交通缓行。
13.根据权利要求12所述的控制器，其中所述电力滑移由控制按钮激活。
14.根据权利要求13所述的控制器，其中所述手动变速器车辆内的挡位选择由变速杆控制，并且所述控制按钮设置在所述变速杆上。
15.根据权利要求12至14中任一项所述的控制器，其中所述自适应巡航控制由控制按钮激活。
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