CN107801599A - It is a kind of suitable for culture matrix of potato soilless culture and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
It is a kind of suitable for culture matrix of potato soilless culture and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN107801599A CN107801599A CN201710983883.6A CN201710983883A CN107801599A CN 107801599 A CN107801599 A CN 107801599A CN 201710983883 A CN201710983883 A CN 201710983883A CN 107801599 A CN107801599 A CN 107801599A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D3/00—Calcareous fertilisers
- C05D3/02—Calcareous fertilisers from limestone, calcium carbonate, calcium hydrate, slaked lime, calcium oxide, waste calcium products
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of suitable for culture matrix of potato soilless culture and preparation method thereof, 20 45 parts of 18 32 parts of the stalk particle calculated in parts by weight, 50 60 parts of crushed crude pearlite, 85 98 parts of peat soil and decomposed manure.The present invention is by mixing various material, and using perlite and peat soil as main matrix components, survival rate of the potato in greenhouse soilless culture can not only be increased, and the crushed crude pearlite that organises by preferably expanding can provide preferable Organic Ingredients to matrix, so as to reduce the usage amount of nutrient solution；By the addition of suitable decomposed manure, so as to provide preferable planting environment to potato.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to soilless culture substrate field, and in particular to a kind of culture matrix suitable for potato soilless culture and
Its preparation method.
Background technology
Soilless culture is to do seedling medium with the light material such as turf or forest leaf mould, expanded perlite to fix plant,
Root system of plant is allowed directly to contact nutrient solution, using the modernization seedling-raising technique of mechanization precision drilling once-seedling forming.From seed plate
It is lattice room, sows a lattice one, one plant of one Room of seedling, the root system of seedling is intertwined mutually with matrix, and root, which sticks together, to be presented
Small plug shape, is typically hole tray non-soil culture under big.Substrate culture is a kind of mode that popularizing area is maximum in soilless culture.
It is that the root system of crop is fixed in the matrix of organic or inorganic, passes through drip irrigation or the method for trickle irrigation, supply crop battalion
Nutrient solution.Cultivation matrix can load in polybag, or be laid in cultivation ditch or groove.The nutrient solution of substrate culture does not circulate,
Referred to as open system, this can be avoided disease from passing through the circulation of nutrient solution to propagate.Substrate culture buffer capacity is strong, in the absence of water
Point, nutrient and supply O2Between contradiction, and equipment is simple compared with water planting and mist training, or even can not need power, thus small investment, into
This is low, is generally used in production.From China's present situation, substrate culture is a kind of mode for most having realistic meaning.
Potato, draft, fruit is that stem is block, oblate or high 15-80 centimetres, spherical, hairless or by thin pubescence.Stem point
The aerial stem of plant and subterranean stem two parts.Long Circle, about 3-10 centimetres of diameter, crust white, pale red or purple.The plant of potato
Point two parts, aerial part have the aerial stem of plant, winglike compound leaf, bud and fruit above and below the ground；Under ground portion have subterranean stem, root,
Stolon and stem tuber.Whether relevant with kind and external environmental condition aerial part result is, and same kind is in different year and together
Time implantation time difference influences whether yield positive results.The product that cultivation potato is obtained is block caused by underground
Stem, stem tuber are formed by stolon ultimate swelling, and they have many characteristics of the aerial stem of plant.Stolon, stem tuber and the aerial stem of plant can
, under certain environmental conditions being capable of mutual inversion of phases to say without difference substantially.
Potato typically carries out vegetative propagation using stem tuber, and existing planting technology in greenhouse mostly by planting horse
Bell potato, in order to improve the yield in unit area soil, by newest cultivation technique without soil, utilize organic soilless cultivation matrix
Potato soilless culture is carried out with the nutrient solution of special configuration.The matrix of existing soilless culture is mostly inorganic matrix, so
Afterwards its preferable growth conditions is kept along with dropper nutrient solution is pledged love.But the nutrient solution consumption of this mode is more, and profit
Relatively low with rate, the permeability of its inorganic matrix is poor.
The content of the invention
For above the problems of the prior art, it is special that the present invention proposes that a kind of base-material by various material mixes
Door is applied to the soilless culture substrate and preparation method of potato growth.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions：A kind of culture matrix suitable for potato soilless culture, according to weight
Stalk particle 18-32 parts, crushed crude pearlite 50-60 parts, peat soil 85-98 parts and decomposed manure 20-45 part that part calculates.
Further, the crushed crude pearlite is the swelling perlite powder of 40-50 mesh.Perlite perlite is a kind of volcano spray
The acidic lava of hair, the glassy rock formed through quick refrigeration, gained the name because it has pearl fissured structure.Perlite ore deposit bag
Include perlite, obsidian and pitchstone.The difference of three is that perlite has the arc-shaped crack formed by condensation, claims
Perlitic structure, water content 2~6%；Pitchstone has unique resinous luster, water content 6~10%；Obsidian has glass
Gloss and conchoidal fracture, water content are generally less than 2%.
Further, the decomposed manure passes through mushroom slag 15-25 parts for calculating in parts by weight, rapeseed 10-20, river silt
40-50 parts, eggshell 10-15 parts and bone 15-20 parts mix decomposed form.
Further, 27 parts of the stalk particle calculated in parts by weight, 55 parts of crushed crude pearlite, 88 parts of peat soil and decomposed have
42 parts of machine fertilizer.
Further, 20 parts of the stalk particle calculated in parts by weight, 59 parts of crushed crude pearlite, 85 parts of peat soil and decomposed have
40 parts of machine fertilizer.
Further, including once step：
1. first in parts by weight calculate weigh stalk particle 18-32 parts, crushed crude pearlite 50-60 parts, peat soil 85-98 parts and
Decomposed manure 20-45 parts, then place respectively pending；
2. first stalk particle, crushed crude pearlite are put into baking oven and carry out vacuum drying 1-2h with 65-75 DEG C；
Obtained 3. the crushed crude pearlite after drying, the mixing of stalk particle are put into vibrator and carry out vibration mixed grinding
Mixed powder A；
4. the mixed powder A after grinding is poured into powder mixer, ready peat soil is then added thereto, and again
Decomposed manure is added into mixed powder A, is then sufficiently mixed 1-1.5h, finished product is finally given and is detected.
Further, the specific method for preparing of crushed crude pearlite is in the step 1：
A1. raw perlite sheet-shaped material is chosen first and is put into open porcelain crucible, and heating furnace is put into by carrier of iron plate
In, heating 0.5-1.2h is carried out with 750-850 DEG C, then power-off cooling；
A2. the dimethylcarbinol mixed liquor for adding the butyl acetate of spraying 34% to the expanded perlite after cooling again is carried out
Stirring, then filter and with distillation water washing, and be placed again into dryer obtained with 145-152 DEG C of dry 0.5h it is dry swollen
Swollen perlite material；
A3. finally expanded perlite material is put into grinder and pulverizes and cross 40-50 eye mesh screens and obtain perlite
Powder.
Further, the specific preparation process of decomposed manure is in the step 1：
B1. the mushroom slag 15-25 parts calculated in parts by weight, rapeseed 10-20, river silt 40-50 parts, eggshell 10- are chosen first
15 parts and bone 15-20 parts, are then separated individually placed；
B2., mushroom slag, rapeseed, bone, eggshell be first put into mixer is smashed and fermenting mixture is made in uniform stirring；
B3. terrine bottom and then by fermenting mixture is evenly arranged in, then river silt is laid on fermenting mixture, then
Constantly laying upwards successively, is finally sealed close to terrine opening with garden mould；
B4. terrine is placed in the heatable adobe sleeping platform that ground dug or half a year is placed in cellar to one-year age, Ran Houqu
Go out terrine to draw out internal decomposed material and be mixed to form final decomposed manure.
The present invention compared with prior art, has the advantage that and had the beneficial effect that：The present invention by mixing various material, and
Using perlite and peat soil as main matrix components, survival rate of the potato in greenhouse soilless culture can not only be increased, and
Preferable Organic Ingredients can be provided to matrix by the crushed crude pearlite that organises preferably expanded, so as to reduce making for nutrient solution
Dosage；By the addition of suitable decomposed manure, so as to provide preferable planting environment to potato.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail with reference to embodiment, but the implementation of the present invention is not limited to this,
Without departing from the idea case in the present invention described above, according to ordinary skill knowledge and customary means, various replace is made
Change and change, all should be included within the scope of the invention.
Embodiment 1：
Present embodiment discloses a kind of culture matrix suitable for potato soilless culture, the stalk calculated in parts by weight is broken
Grain 18-32 parts, crushed crude pearlite 50-60 parts, peat soil 85-98 parts and decomposed manure 20-45 parts.
Its preparation method is：Calculate in parts by weight first and weigh stalk particle 18-32 parts, crushed crude pearlite 50-60 parts, peat
Native 85-98 parts and decomposed manure 20-45 parts, then place pending respectively.Choose the mushroom slag 15-25 calculated in parts by weight
Part, rapeseed 10-20, river silt 40-50 parts, eggshell 10-15 parts and bone 15-20 parts, are then separated individually placed；First will
Mushroom slag, rapeseed, bone, eggshell are put into that mixer is smashed and fermenting mixture is made in uniform stirring；Then by fermenting mixture
Terrine bottom is evenly arranged in, then river silt is laid on fermenting mixture, then constantly laying upwards successively, finally close
Terrine opening is sealed with garden mould；When terrine is placed in the heatable adobe sleeping platform that ground dug or half a year is placed in cellar to 1 year
Between, then take out terrine and internal decomposed material is drawn out and is mixed to form final decomposed manure.
Stalk particle, crushed crude pearlite are put into baking oven and carry out vacuum drying 1-2h with 65-75 DEG C；By the pearl after drying
Rock dust, stalk particle mixing be put into vibrator carry out vibrate mixed grinding obtain mixed powder A；By the mixed powder after grinding
A is poured into powder mixer, then adds ready peat soil thereto, and adds decomposed manure into mixed powder A again,
1-1.5h is then sufficiently mixed, finished product is finally given and is detected.
Embodiment 2：
According to the preparation method of embodiment 1, the present embodiment provides a kind of culture matrix suitable for potato soilless culture, presses
According to 55 parts of 25 parts of stalk particle, the crushed crude pearlite of listed as parts by weight, 40 parts of 85 parts of peat soil and decomposed manure, then it is prepared into
Contrast test is carried out to experimental group 1, wherein experimental group 1 includes 20 groups of test samples of equivalent.
Embodiment 3：
According to the preparation method of embodiment 1, the present embodiment provides a kind of culture matrix suitable for potato soilless culture, presses
According to 35 parts of 25 parts of stalk particle, the crushed crude pearlite of listed as parts by weight, 45 parts of 85 parts of peat soil and decomposed manure, then it is prepared into
Contrast test is carried out to experimental group 2, wherein experimental group 2 includes 20 groups of test samples of equivalent.
Embodiment 4：
According to the preparation method of embodiment 1, the present embodiment provides a kind of culture matrix suitable for potato soilless culture, presses
According to 85 parts of 25 parts of stalk particle, the peat soil and 48 parts of decomposed manure of listed as parts by weight, experimental group 3 is then prepared and carries out
Contrast test, wherein experimental group 3 include 20 groups of test samples of equivalent.
Embodiment 5：
According to the preparation method of embodiment 1, the present embodiment provides a kind of culture matrix suitable for potato soilless culture, presses
According to 85 parts of 75 parts of 25 parts of stalk particle, crushed crude pearlite, the peat soil and 48 parts of decomposed manure of listed as parts by weight, then it is prepared into
Contrast test is carried out to experimental group 4, wherein experimental group 4 includes 20 groups of test samples of equivalent.
Embodiment 6：
According to the preparation method of embodiment 1, the present embodiment provides a kind of culture matrix suitable for potato soilless culture, presses
According to 70 parts of 25 parts of stalk particle, the crushed crude pearlite and 85 parts of peat soil of listed as parts by weight, experimental group 5 is then prepared and carries out pair
Than test, wherein experimental group 5 includes 20 groups of test samples of equivalent.
Contrast experiment：
Above-mentioned experimental group 1-5 is carried out performance test by this experiment first, and adds blank control group, the blank control group
For generic media material.Then the following index of matrix carries out DCO：
Porosity：The measure of porosity uses saturation gravity drainage method, including total porosity, water-holding porosity, passage
The measure of porosity and WGR.A known volume (V) container is taken, claims its quality (W1), by design unit weight dress in this container
Fill out matrix to be measured, claim quality (W2), the container equipped with matrix is soaked into 24h, claims quality (W3), by upper opening of container known to one matter
The moistening gauze of amount (W4) encases, and to prevent fine particle from oozing out, does not have moisture to ooze out into container container upside down, claims its matter
Measure (W5).The porosity calculation formula of matrix is：
Total porosity
Aeration porosity
Water-holding porosity
WGR
Infiltration coefficient：Using head method measure is determined, cutting ring is loaded by test process requirement, soaks 24h, take out cutting ring, and
An idle loop knife is connect above, tight envelope is interfaced to water-tight.Combining cutting ring is put to buchner funnel, and beaker is connect below buchner funnel.
To prevent seepage process mesostroma from being flowed out with moisture along buchner funnel, add filter paper in the cutting ring bottom of combination.Added water in idle loop knife
The water surface is located less than cutting ring mouth 1mm, timing when dripping since the funnel, record 1,3,5,7,10,15,20min etc. when leakage,
The idle loop knife water surface is added into original height simultaneously, and records water temperature, terminates experiment after stablizing to leakage.Each processing repeats 3
It is secondary to average.Infiltration coefficient calculation formula is as follows：
Coefficient of permeability K T=vL/ (h+L) during temperature T, wherein v are seepage velocities, and h is water layer height, and L is matrix height.
Laboratory cultures a kind of sedge dish is tested：The potato plantation test in a season is carried out, using the temperature of identical proportioning, nutrient solution,
Then the developmental state of every basin plant after measure 120d, including upper strata radical, lower floor's radical and plant height.
Test result such as following table：
From experimental data as can be seen that experimental group 1 is the preparation method and recipe ratio system according to the present embodiment 1 first
Make the sample that forms, 20 groups altogether, then test result remove average value, each item data is preferable, and liquid to steam ratio is more suitable, plantation
Potato plant height out, root system number keep higher level, not only with preferable yield, and better quality.And experimental group 2-4
It is to be adjusted for the content of perlite, experimental group 2 and experimental group 4 are less than in the range of application claims and high respectively
In the scope of application claims, and to be 35 experimental group 2 its integrated data have decline to perlite content, because perlite can
Preferable nutrient is provided, further through organic process and high-temperature process, preferable porosity is made it have, by adding appropriate treasure
Pearl rock can increase the nutritional ingredient of matrix.And although perlite parts by weight reach the 105 experimental data integral level of experimental group 4
Preferably, it is but little with the gap of experimental group 1, that is to say, that after perlite content is more than 98, its increased effect is just less
Substantially, the increase of manufacturing cost is caused on the contrary.Experimental group 5 has been free from stalk particle, also without addition decomposed manure, because
Stalk particle can provide preferable heat insulation effect to plant, then cause whole matrix heat insulation effect to drop without stalk particle
It is low so that overall data is decreased obviously, and decomposed manure can keep the total amount of organic of whole matrix.It is finally blank control
Experimental group, its overall performance has gap by a relatively large margin compared to all experimental groups, therefore passes through the formula and system in the present invention
Preparation Method can effectively improve the yield and quality of potato.
It is described above, be only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, any formal limitation not done to the present invention, it is every according to
Any simply modification, the equivalent variations made according to the technical spirit of the present invention to above example, each fall within the protection of the present invention
Within the scope of.
Claims (8)
- A kind of 1. culture matrix suitable for potato soilless culture, it is characterised in that：The stalk particle 18- calculated in parts by weight 32 parts, crushed crude pearlite 50-60 parts, peat soil 85-98 parts and decomposed manure 20-45 parts.
- A kind of 2. culture matrix suitable for potato soilless culture according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The pearl Rock dust is the swelling perlite powder of 40-50 mesh.
- A kind of 3. culture matrix suitable for potato soilless culture according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described decomposed Organic fertilizer passes through mushroom slag 15-25 parts, rapeseed 10-20, river silt 40-50 parts, eggshell 10-15 parts and the bone calculated in parts by weight The mixing of 15-20 parts is decomposed to be formed.
- A kind of 4. culture matrix suitable for potato soilless culture according to claim any one of 1-3, it is characterised in that： 42 parts of 27 parts of the stalk particle calculated in parts by weight, 55 parts of crushed crude pearlite, 88 parts of peat soil and decomposed manure.
- A kind of 5. culture matrix suitable for potato soilless culture according to claim any one of 1-3, it is characterised in that： 40 parts of 20 parts of the stalk particle calculated in parts by weight, 59 parts of crushed crude pearlite, 85 parts of peat soil and decomposed manure.
- 6. a kind of culture matrix suitable for potato soilless culture according to claim 1, its preparation method are：Including one Lower step：1. calculate in parts by weight weigh stalk particle 18-32 parts, crushed crude pearlite 50-60 parts, peat soil 85-98 parts and decomposed first Organic fertilizer 20-45 parts, then place respectively pending；2. first stalk particle, crushed crude pearlite are put into baking oven and carry out vacuum drying 1-2h with 65-75 DEG C；Mixed 3. the crushed crude pearlite after drying, the mixing of stalk particle are put into vibrator and carry out vibration mixed grinding Powder A；4. the mixed powder A after grinding is poured into powder mixer, ready peat soil is then added thereto, and again to mixed Close in powder A and add decomposed manure, be then sufficiently mixed 1-1.5h, finally give finished product and detected.
- 7. a kind of preparation method of culture matrix suitable for potato soilless culture according to claim 6, its feature exist In：The specific method for preparing of crushed crude pearlite is in the step 1：A1. raw perlite sheet-shaped material is chosen first and is put into open porcelain crucible, is put into by carrier of iron plate in heating furnace, with 750-850 DEG C carries out heating 0.5-1.2h, then power-off cooling；A2. the dimethylcarbinol mixed liquor for adding the butyl acetate of spraying 34% to the expanded perlite after cooling again is stirred, Then filter and with distillation water washing, and be placed again into dryer and dry expansion treasure is obtained with 145-152 DEG C of drys 0.5h Pearl rock material；A3. finally expanded perlite material is put into grinder and pulverizes and cross 40-50 eye mesh screens and obtain crushed crude pearlite.
- 8. a kind of preparation method of culture matrix suitable for potato soilless culture according to claim 6, its feature exist In：The specific preparation process of decomposed manure is in the step 1：B1. mushroom slag 15-25 parts, rapeseed 10-20, river silt 40-50 parts, the eggshell 10-15 part calculated in parts by weight are chosen first With bone 15-20 parts, then separated individually placed；B2., mushroom slag, rapeseed, bone, eggshell be first put into mixer is smashed and fermenting mixture is made in uniform stirring；B3. terrine bottom and then by fermenting mixture is evenly arranged in, then river silt is laid on fermenting mixture, then successively Constantly laying upwards, is finally sealed close to terrine opening with garden mould；B4. terrine is placed in the heatable adobe sleeping platform that ground dug or half a year is placed in cellar to one-year age, then take out pottery Internal decomposed material is drawn out and is mixed to form final decomposed manure by tank.
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| CN201710983883.6A CN107801599A (en) | 2017-10-20 | 2017-10-20 | It is a kind of suitable for culture matrix of potato soilless culture and preparation method thereof |
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| CN201710983883.6A CN107801599A (en) | 2017-10-20 | 2017-10-20 | It is a kind of suitable for culture matrix of potato soilless culture and preparation method thereof |
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