CN107744796A - 一种用于水体中铀提取的吸附剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种用于水体中铀提取的吸附剂及其制备方法 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN107744796A
CN107744796A CN201711095162.8A CN201711095162A CN107744796A CN 107744796 A CN107744796 A CN 107744796A CN 201711095162 A CN201711095162 A CN 201711095162A CN 107744796 A CN107744796 A CN 107744796A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
adsorbent
sba
washing
filtering
base
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
CN201711095162.8A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
CN107744796B (zh
Inventor
李毅
杨楚汀
韩军
张梵
胡胜
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry China Academy of Engineering Physics
Original Assignee
Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry China Academy of Engineering Physics
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry China Academy of Engineering Physics filed Critical Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry China Academy of Engineering Physics
Priority to CN201711095162.8A priority Critical patent/CN107744796B/zh
Publication of CN107744796A publication Critical patent/CN107744796A/zh
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN107744796B publication Critical patent/CN107744796B/zh
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/02Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
    • B01J20/10Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising silica or silicate
    • B01J20/103Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising silica or silicate comprising silica
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/22Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising organic material
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/28Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
    • C02F1/288Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using composite sorbents, e.g. coated, impregnated, multi-layered
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B3/00Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
    • C22B3/20Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching
    • C22B3/22Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by physical processes, e.g. by filtration, by magnetic means, or by thermal decomposition
    • C22B3/24Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by physical processes, e.g. by filtration, by magnetic means, or by thermal decomposition by adsorption on solid substances, e.g. by extraction with solid resins
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B60/00Obtaining metals of atomic number 87 or higher, i.e. radioactive metals
    • C22B60/02Obtaining thorium, uranium, or other actinides
    • C22B60/0204Obtaining thorium, uranium, or other actinides obtaining uranium
    • C22B60/0217Obtaining thorium, uranium, or other actinides obtaining uranium by wet processes
    • C22B60/0252Obtaining thorium, uranium, or other actinides obtaining uranium by wet processes treatment or purification of solutions or of liquors or of slurries

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Inorganic Compounds Of Heavy Metals (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种用于水体中铀提取的吸附剂及其制备方法。该吸附剂为SBA‑15基N‑丙基‑1‑(2‑吡啶基)甲亚胺。该吸附剂的制备方法首先使用盐酸回流SBA‑15,超纯水抽滤洗涤,烘干;然后向烘干后的SBA‑15中加入适量3‑氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷,以甲苯作溶剂回流,经甲苯抽滤洗涤,再无水乙醇抽滤洗涤,烘干;最后向上述烘干后的中间产物中加入适量正丁胺,三乙胺,吡啶‑2‑甲醛,以无水乙醇作溶剂回流,经丙酮抽滤洗涤,再无水乙醇抽滤洗涤,烘干,制备获得吸附剂SBA‑15基N‑丙基‑1‑(2‑吡啶基)甲亚胺。该吸附剂具有吸附效率高、吸附容量大、吸附选择性好,易解吸的优点。该吸附剂的制备方法简便、原料廉价易得。

Description

一种用于水体中铀提取的吸附剂及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于金属离子分离富集技术领域,具体涉及一种用于水体中铀提取的吸附剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
铀是一种天然放射性元素,是主要的核燃料资源。现有的铀矿石仅够使用70年(J.Nucl.Sci.Technol. 1987, 24, 377−384.),而广袤的海洋中大约含有45亿吨铀,但海水中的铀浓度极低,大约只有3 μg/l,所以,发明一种经济、高效的方法从海水中提取铀具有重大意义(Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory: Berkeley, CA, 2011;Sep.Sci.Technol. 2013, 48,367−387.)。已经有多种方法被用来从海水中提取铀,比如吸附法(J.Nucl.Sci.Technol. 1987, 24, 377−384;J.Hazard.Mater. 2009, 168, 1053;Nanoscale, 2012, 4, 2423−2430.),溶剂提取法(Hydrometallurgy, 2004, 73, 63.),化学沉淀法(Hydrometallurgy, 2007, 85, 163.),膜分离法(J.Membr.Sci. 2010, 364,354.)等。相比之下,吸附法具有操作简单,费用低廉,吸附动力学快速,应用潜力巨大。
传统吸附剂的机械强度较低,热力学稳定性较差,并且吸附容量低,吸附效果无法满足要求。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的一个技术问题是提供一种用于水体中铀提取的吸附剂,本发明所要解决的另一个技术问题是提供一种用于水体中铀提取的吸附剂的制备方法。
本发明的用于水体中铀提取的吸附剂,其特点是,所述的吸附剂的基材为SBA-15有序介孔硅材料,吸附剂为SBA-15基N-丙基-1-(2-吡啶基)甲亚胺,结构如下:
本发明的用于水体中铀提取的吸附剂的制备方法包括以下步骤:
a.将SBA-15与6 mol/l的 HCl在120℃下磁力搅拌回流过夜,然后用去离子水抽滤洗涤,于60℃下烘干;
b.在经步骤a预处理后的SBA-15中加入3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷,以甲苯作溶剂在130℃下磁力搅拌回流过夜,然后用甲苯抽滤洗涤,再用无水乙醇抽滤洗涤,于60℃下烘干得到中间产物SBA-15基丙胺,SBA-15基丙胺的结构如下:
c.在中间产物SBA-15基丙胺中加入摩尔比为2:1:1的正丁胺、三乙胺和吡啶-2-甲醛进行亚胺化反应,以无水乙醇作溶剂在90℃下磁力搅拌回流过夜,然后用丙酮抽滤洗涤,再用无水乙醇抽滤洗涤,于60℃下烘干,制得用于水体中铀提取的吸附剂SBA-15基N-丙基-1-(2-吡啶基)甲亚胺,吸附剂的结构如下:
本发明的用于水体中铀提取的吸附剂的基材为SBA-15,吸附剂为SBA-15基N-丙基-1-(2-吡啶基)甲亚胺。SBA-15是新型有序介孔分子筛的一种,比表面积大,水热稳定性高,通过对其改性制备的吸附剂具有以下优点:吸附容量大,高达394mg/g;吸附选择性好,对常见主族和部分过渡金属几乎不吸附;易解吸,在0.1 mol/l HNO3体系下即可快速解吸,解吸率近100%;吸附剂可重复使用,重复吸附-解吸三次,吸附容量仍达368mg/g。该吸附剂的制备方法简便、原料廉价易得,市场前景广阔。
附图说明
图1为本发明的用于水体中铀提取的吸附剂的吸附容量随pH的变化曲线;
图2为本发明的用于水体中铀提取的吸附剂的吸附等温曲线;
图3为本发明的用于水体中铀提取的吸附剂在pH=5条件下对各金属离子的选择系数图。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明进行详细说明。
实施例1
1.将2.5g SBA-15与6 mol/l HCl在120℃下磁力搅拌回流过夜,然后用去离子水抽滤洗涤,于60℃下烘干。
2.在经步骤a预处理后的SBA-15中加入1 ml 3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷,以甲苯作溶剂在130℃下磁力搅拌回流过夜,然后用甲苯抽滤洗涤,再用无水乙醇抽滤洗涤,于60℃下烘干得到中间产物SBA-15基丙胺。
3.在中间产物SBA-15基丙胺中加入2 ml正丁胺,1.4 ml三乙胺, 1 ml吡啶-2-甲醛,摩尔比为2:1:1,进行亚胺化反应,以无水乙醇作溶剂在90℃下磁力搅拌回流过夜,然后用丙酮抽滤洗涤,再用无水乙醇抽滤洗涤,于60℃下烘干,制得用于水体中铀提取的吸附剂SBA-15基N-丙基-1-(2-吡啶基)甲亚胺。
本发明的吸附剂吸附铀的实验过程如下:
1. 确定吸附体系的最优pH值。配制一组碳酸铀酰溶液,每个样品含0.438mol/l NaCl和2.297 mmol/l NaHCO3,铀浓度为120 mg/l,溶液pH范围为1—10,称取10 mg吸附剂SBA-15基N-丙基-1-(2-吡啶基)甲亚胺加入100 ml离心管中,再加入50 ml所配碳酸铀酰溶液,30℃下在恒温振荡器中振荡吸附2 h后,取出以5000r/min转速离心5 min,取上层清液用ICP-OES测铀浓度。实验结果表明:在pH=5时,吸附容量最高,达394 mg /g。吸附容量随pH的变化如图1所示。
2. 吸附等温线实验。配制两组pH=5的碳酸铀酰溶液,每个样品含0.438mol/lNaCl和2.297 mmol/l NaHCO3,铀浓度为20—200 mg/l,称取10 mg吸附剂SBA-15基N-丙基-1-(2-吡啶基)甲亚胺加入100 ml离心管中,再加入50 ml所配碳酸铀酰溶液,一组在30℃下恒温振荡吸附2 h,另一组在40℃下恒温振荡吸附2 h,取出以5000r/min转速离心5 min,取上层清液用ICP-OES测铀浓度。吸附容量随吸附平衡时铀浓度的变化如图2所示。吸附模型符合Langmuir模型,Langmuir模型可用式(1)表述:
(1)
式(1)中,Ce(mg/l)代表吸附平衡时铀浓度,Qe(mg/g)代表吸附平衡时每克吸附剂吸附铀的质量,Qm和b为Langmuir常数。Ce/Qe对Ce作图,即可求得Qm和b的值,如表1所示。
表1不同温度下的Langmuir常数
Langmuir 常数 30℃ 40℃
Qm (mg/g) 417 454
b (l/mg) 0.16 0.47
R2 0.9938 0.9993
Langmuir常数Qm代表的是吸附剂的最大吸附容量,30℃时为417 mg铀/g材料,和30℃吸附实验获得的结果394 mg铀/g材料相近,证实吸附模型符合Langmuir模型。
3. 吸附选择性实验。配制pH=5包含UO2 2+ ,Ba2+, Ca2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Li+, Na+, K+, Mg2+, Sr2+, Zn2+, Yb3+, La3+, Ce3+混合金属离子溶液,各金属离子浓度均为20 mg/l,由各金属离子标液稀释所得。称取20 mg吸附剂SBA-15基N-丙基-1-(2-吡啶基)甲亚胺加入100 ml离心管中,再加入50 ml所配混合金属离子溶液,30℃下在恒温振荡器中振荡吸附2h后,取出以5000r/min转速离心5 min,取上层清液用ICP-OES测各金属离子浓度。吸附剂SBA-15基N-丁基-1-(2-吡啶基)甲亚胺对铀的吸附选择性,由式(2)的选择性系数SU/M来表述:
(2)
式(2)中,分别表示铀和竞争金属离子在溶液中的分配系数。铀对各主族金属离子选择性系数均在1000左右,如图3所示。
本发明的吸附剂吸附铀后解吸铀的实验过程如下:
将离心分离获得的含铀吸附剂加入100 ml离心管中,再加入50 ml 0.1 mol/l HNO3,30℃下在恒温振荡器中振荡解吸2h后,取出以5000 r/min转速离心5 min,取上层清液用ICP-OES测铀浓度。重复吸附-解吸实验3次,解吸效率和吸附容量如表2所示。
表2重复实验下的解吸效率和吸附容量
重复次数 解吸效率(%) 吸附容量 (mg/g)
1 99.89 385
2 98.25 373
3 97.32 368
从表2可见吸附材料重复使用3次,解吸效率可达97.32%以上,吸附容量仍可达368 mg/g以上。
本发明不局限于上述具体实施方式,所属技术领域的技术人员从上述构思出发,不经过创造性的劳动,所作出的种种变换,均落在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (2)

1.一种用于水体中铀提取的吸附剂,其特征在于,所述的吸附剂的基材为SBA-15有序介孔硅材料,吸附剂为SBA-15基N-丙基-1-(2-吡啶基)甲亚胺,吸附剂的结构如下:
2.一种用于水体中铀提取的吸附剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的方法包括以下步骤:
将SBA-15与6 mol/l HCl在120℃下磁力搅拌回流,然后用去离子水抽滤洗涤,于60℃下烘干;
在经步骤a预处理后的SBA-15中加入3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷,以甲苯作溶剂在130℃下磁力搅拌回流,然后用甲苯抽滤洗涤,再用无水乙醇抽滤洗涤,于60℃下烘干得到中间产物SBA-15基丙胺,SBA-15基丙胺的结构如下:
在中间产物SBA-15基丙胺中加入摩尔比为2:1:1的正丁胺、三乙胺和吡啶-2-甲醛进行亚胺化反应,以无水乙醇作溶剂在90℃下磁力搅拌回流,然后用丙酮抽滤洗涤,再用无水乙醇抽滤洗涤,于60℃下烘干,制得用于水体中铀提取的吸附剂SBA-15基N-丙基-1-(2-吡啶基)甲亚胺,结构如下:
CN201711095162.8A 2017-11-09 2017-11-09 一种用于水体中铀提取的吸附剂及其制备方法 Active CN107744796B (zh)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201711095162.8A CN107744796B (zh) 2017-11-09 2017-11-09 一种用于水体中铀提取的吸附剂及其制备方法

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201711095162.8A CN107744796B (zh) 2017-11-09 2017-11-09 一种用于水体中铀提取的吸附剂及其制备方法

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN107744796A true CN107744796A (zh) 2018-03-02
CN107744796B CN107744796B (zh) 2020-01-07

Family

ID=61250900

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN201711095162.8A Active CN107744796B (zh) 2017-11-09 2017-11-09 一种用于水体中铀提取的吸附剂及其制备方法

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN107744796B (zh)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108940371A (zh) * 2018-08-13 2018-12-07 南京林业大学 一种直链淀粉负载铜基催化剂的制备方法及其产品、应用
CN109092258A (zh) * 2018-10-15 2018-12-28 东华理工大学 一种纳米复合材料吸附剂及其制备方法、应用
CN110743487A (zh) * 2019-10-30 2020-02-04 河北麦森钛白粉有限公司 一种吸附放射性元素的吸附材料的制备方法及应用

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103752275A (zh) * 2013-12-27 2014-04-30 中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所 改性的sba-15介孔材料及其制备方法和应用
CN103894155A (zh) * 2014-04-22 2014-07-02 中国工程物理研究院核物理与化学研究所 一种用于水体中铀提取的离子筛及其制备方法
CN104226238A (zh) * 2014-09-15 2014-12-24 淮阴师范学院 Ni2+吸附剂的制备及其吸附方法
CN104941591A (zh) * 2015-05-21 2015-09-30 南华大学 一种用于去除低浓度铀的吸附剂及其应用
CN105709690A (zh) * 2016-03-07 2016-06-29 河南师范大学 一种选择性吸附金的吸附剂及其制备方法和应用
CN106111069A (zh) * 2016-07-29 2016-11-16 安徽大学 一种新型重金属吸附剂的制备方法

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103752275A (zh) * 2013-12-27 2014-04-30 中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所 改性的sba-15介孔材料及其制备方法和应用
CN103894155A (zh) * 2014-04-22 2014-07-02 中国工程物理研究院核物理与化学研究所 一种用于水体中铀提取的离子筛及其制备方法
CN104226238A (zh) * 2014-09-15 2014-12-24 淮阴师范学院 Ni2+吸附剂的制备及其吸附方法
CN104941591A (zh) * 2015-05-21 2015-09-30 南华大学 一种用于去除低浓度铀的吸附剂及其应用
CN105709690A (zh) * 2016-03-07 2016-06-29 河南师范大学 一种选择性吸附金的吸附剂及其制备方法和应用
CN106111069A (zh) * 2016-07-29 2016-11-16 安徽大学 一种新型重金属吸附剂的制备方法

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
A. S. MARIA CHONG ET AL.: "Functionalization of SBA-15 with APTES and Characterization of Functionalized Materials", 《J. PHYS. CHEM. B》 *

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108940371A (zh) * 2018-08-13 2018-12-07 南京林业大学 一种直链淀粉负载铜基催化剂的制备方法及其产品、应用
CN108940371B (zh) * 2018-08-13 2022-04-08 南京林业大学 一种直链淀粉负载铜基催化剂的制备方法及其产品、应用
CN109092258A (zh) * 2018-10-15 2018-12-28 东华理工大学 一种纳米复合材料吸附剂及其制备方法、应用
CN110743487A (zh) * 2019-10-30 2020-02-04 河北麦森钛白粉有限公司 一种吸附放射性元素的吸附材料的制备方法及应用
WO2021082283A1 (zh) * 2019-10-30 2021-05-06 河北麦森钛白粉有限公司 一种吸附放射性元素的吸附材料的制备方法及应用

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN107744796B (zh) 2020-01-07

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
Zhang et al. Diaminomaleonitrile functionalized double-shelled hollow MIL-101 (Cr) for selective removal of uranium from simulated seawater
Giret et al. Selective separation and preconcentration of scandium with mesoporous silica
Liu et al. Efficient adsorbent for recovering uranium from seawater prepared by grafting amidoxime groups on chloromethylated MIL-101 (Cr) via diaminomaleonitrile intermediate
CN105056895B (zh) 一种金属有机骨架‑介孔氧化硅复合材料的制备方法及其应用
CN107744796A (zh) 一种用于水体中铀提取的吸附剂及其制备方法
CN105214617B (zh) 高效选择重金属离子的表面印迹壳聚糖微球及其制备方法
CN106629789B (zh) 一种利用离子交换法提取卤水中锂制备电池级碳酸锂的方法
CN104801262A (zh) 一种磁性复合铀吸附剂的制备方法及其应用
CN108212072A (zh) 一种用于水中铯离子去除的吸附剂及其在Cs吸附中应用
CN107551987A (zh) 一种磁性吸附剂及其制备方法和用途
CN109621910A (zh) 纳米零价铁-金属有机框架核壳材料的制备方法及其应用
CN105043839B (zh) 一种活性炭分离富集土壤中富里酸的方法
Guo et al. Efficient capture of Sr 2+ from acidic aqueous solution by an 18-crown-6-ether-based metal organic framework
CN106861236B (zh) 一种利用超高交联树脂吸附分离戊二胺的方法
CN105688828B (zh) 一种采用磷酸改性铁树叶制备海水提铀植物-无机复合吸附剂的方法
Jia et al. Amidoximated graphene/konjac glucomannan composite gel for uranium extraction from saline lake brine
CN206109511U (zh) 一种从盐湖浓缩卤水中富集回收铀的设备
CN113877549A (zh) 一种选择性复合微球吸附材料及其制备方法和应用
CN110560005B (zh) 一种壳聚糖离子凝胶及其制备方法与应用
CN105525102B (zh) 盐湖卤水中铀的提取方法
Ventura et al. Selective recovery of metals from geothermal brines
CN105561954B (zh) 一种螯合树脂的设计制备及其针对大米中镉离子的研究应用
CN114671990B (zh) 一种卟啉共价有机框架材料及其制备方法与应用
CN105664845A (zh) 一种用于吸附铷离子的复合吸附剂及其制备方法和应用
CN115160519B (zh) 一种多孔共价有机框架的制备方法及其在海水提铀中的应用

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PB01 Publication
PB01 Publication
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
GR01 Patent grant
GR01 Patent grant