CN107667002A - 用于对车辆壁进行覆盖和/或隔音的面板以及相关制造方法 - Google Patents

用于对车辆壁进行覆盖和/或隔音的面板以及相关制造方法 Download PDF

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CN107667002A
CN107667002A CN201680026343.2A CN201680026343A CN107667002A CN 107667002 A CN107667002 A CN 107667002A CN 201680026343 A CN201680026343 A CN 201680026343A CN 107667002 A CN107667002 A CN 107667002A
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impregnated
resin
thermoformable
enhancement layer
panel
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CN107667002B (zh
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C·亨伯特
V·博宁
L·蒙哥拿德
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Fung And Tram Co
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/40—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied
    • B29C70/42—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C70/46—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using matched moulds, e.g. for deforming sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or prepregs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/40—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied
    • B29C70/50—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of indefinite length, e.g. prepregs, sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or cross moulding compounds [XMC]
    • B29C70/504—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of indefinite length, e.g. prepregs, sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or cross moulding compounds [XMC] using rollers or pressure bands
    • B29C70/506—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of indefinite length, e.g. prepregs, sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or cross moulding compounds [XMC] using rollers or pressure bands and impregnating by melting a solid material, e.g. sheet, powder, fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/54—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations, e.g. feeding or storage of prepregs or SMC after impregnation or during ageing
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    • B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
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    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于对车辆壁进行覆盖和/或隔音的面板(10)，所述面板包括：中心层(14)，其通过用可热成型树脂浸透柔性多孔材料然后固化所述可热成型树脂而被制造；以及两个加强层(13、15)，其被布置在所述中心层(14)的两侧上，其中，通过使所述可热成型树脂的粉末经受交变电场而在所述柔性多孔材料内深度地执行用可热成型树脂浸透所述柔性多孔材料(20)，所述两个加强层(13、15)由柔性材料或半刚性材料制成。

Description

用于对车辆壁进行覆盖和/或隔音的面板以及相关制造方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于对车辆(例如机动车辆)进行覆盖和/或隔音的面板。所述面板特别适合于对机动车辆中的隔间进行覆盖和/或隔音(例如位于顶棚或侧壁下方的面板)。
背景技术
存在很多对机动车辆的内部面板的约束条件。所述面板必须是轻量的以优化车辆重量，它们必须是可热成型的以符合车辆的轮廓，它们必须高效地吸收声波并且限制内部车辆噪声，它们必须符合防火安全条例，并且必须是紧凑的从而避免随着时间的推移而变形。存在用于制造该材料的少数方法。
专利申请FR2503721描述一种用于制造满足这些约束条件的面板的方法。所述面板包括中心层以及被布置在中心层的两侧上的两个加强层。中心层满足轻型、柔性以及声音吸收要求，而两个加强层满足机械强度要求。为了实现该目的，由浸渍有液态树脂的泡沫制成中心层，液态树脂然后交联。所使用的树脂是MDI(4-4’二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯)。上表面覆盖有设计为接触车辆部件的保护层，并且下表面覆盖有装饰性层，以改进对于车辆用户的面板美感。当在热成型期间结合所有层时，泡沫中所包含的树脂固化，从而面板呈现期望的形状。
然而，交联泡沫的机械强度是不足的，需要使用特别刚性的加强层(例如玻璃纤维)。玻璃纤维加强层在回收面板方面出现问题。为了制成用于车辆上的玻璃顶棚的开口，切割掉面板的一部分并不罕见。在这些情况下，为了玻璃顶棚而移除的面板部分被切割开并且废弃。树脂和玻璃在这种废料内的存在性限制回收。
因为液态树脂通过密封辊馈送到泡沫中以浸透泡沫，然后放置成与催化剂接触，所以用于制造面板的方法提出其它限制性。催化剂与树脂的反应导致将挥发性化合物(VOCS)释放到空气中，这样可能产生令面板生产工人不悦的恶臭气味。此外，必须在树脂交联之前形成面板，这需要生产线的持续移动。例如，如果组装线停止，则树脂所浸透的泡沫开始变硬，然后其进入热成型模具，并且未加工的部分必须废弃。
因为泡沫中的树脂的量是关键要素，所以对于每一系列部分，也必须谨慎地调校用树脂浸透泡沫的方法。如果泡沫包含过多树脂，则树脂将通过装饰性层，并且在角部处是可见的，从而丑化装饰性层。如果泡沫包含过少树脂，则面板将是太易弯的并且没有足够的机械强度。使得用于每一系列部分的树脂的量精准化是复杂的迭代工艺，其需要大量经验。
因此，需要一种满足前述要求但具有改进的制造工艺的用于汽车内部的新面板。
发明内容
本发明涉及一种满足所有以上要求的新材料，但使用干法浸透泡沫，而无需液态浸透。
本发明的初始阶段涉及一种用于对车辆壁进行覆盖和/或隔音的面板，前述面板包括：
-中心层，其通过将可热成型树脂浸透到柔性多孔材料中然后固化可热成型树脂而得以形成；以及
-两个加强层，其被布置在中心层的两侧上，
-通过使来自前述可热成型树脂的粉末经受交变电场而在柔性多孔材料内深度地执行通过可热成型树脂浸透柔性多孔材料，
–使用柔性材料或半刚性材料制造两个加强层。
本发明因此产生轻量、可热成型、隔音、符合关于安全性和紧凑性的所有规则的用于机动车辆内的隔间的面板。形成芯层的柔性多孔材料可以有利地是至少部分地由开孔(open cell)制成的泡沫。
将树脂深度地浸透到泡沫的蜂窝芯部内并且使用由柔性材料或半刚性材料制成的加强层改进树脂的破裂以及加强层与中心层之间的粘附力。加强玻璃纤维层不再是必要的，并且面板今后更容易回收。
关于气味和湿法制造工艺的完美度的问题通过干法也得以消除，其中，可热成型树脂浸透到柔性多孔材料中，而不使用液态。在可热成型树脂已经穿透材料之后，可以良好地执行可热成型树脂固化，消除与干燥柔性多孔材料内的液态可热成型树脂有关的时间约束。
根据一个实施例，通过凭借使得可热成型树脂粉末经受交变电场来将可热成型树脂粉末浸透到第二多孔材料中而制造至少一个加强层。干燥的所浸透的树脂可以在稍后时间得以固化；可以在辅助生产线上通过与中心层相似的方法来制造加强层。优选地，第二多孔材料是具有合成纤维基底的非编织物。替代地，第二多孔材料是以天然或其它纤维制成的织物。
根据一种制造方法，面板包括装饰性层，其通过热密封层结合到加强层的表面。有利地，面板还包括保护层，其通过热密封层结合到加强层的一个表面。
根据第二方面，本发明涉及一种用于制造根据本发明初始方面的面板的方法，其中，所述方法包括以下步骤：
-将粉末形式的可热成型树脂沉积到柔性多孔材料上；
-通过施加通过柔性多孔材料的交变电场而在柔性多孔材料内深度地浸透可热成型树脂；以及
-通过软化将可热成型树脂结合到柔性多孔材料。
根据制造工艺的第一实施例，所述方法包括以下步骤：
-在沉积可热成型树脂的步骤之前，将下部加强层组装到柔性多孔材料的下表面上，以及
-在浸透可热成型树脂的步骤之前，将上部加强层组装到柔性多孔材料的上表面上，
-使用第二多孔材料制造加强层，
-浸透可热成型树脂能够浸透加强层的第二多孔材料。
所述实施例允许同时浸透中心层和加强层。
根据制造工艺的第二实施例，所述方法包括以下步骤：
-在浸透可热成型树脂的步骤之后，将下部加强层组装到柔性多孔材料的下表面上，以及
-在浸透可热成型树脂的步骤之后，将上部加强层组装到柔性多孔材料的上表面上，
-对于每个加强层使用第二多孔材料制造加强层，所述方法包括以下步骤：
-将粉末形式的可热成型树脂沉积到第二多孔材料上，
-通过施加通过第二多孔材料的交变电场而在柔性多孔材料内深度地浸透可热成型树脂，以及
-通过软化将可热成型树脂结合到第二多孔材料上
所述实施例允许改变中心层与加强层之间的树脂化合物和/或柔性多孔材料。
有利地，所述方法包括以下步骤：
-在浸透可热成型树脂的步骤之前，组装加强层的第二多孔材料，以及
-在通过软化结合可热成型树脂的步骤之后，分离两个第二多孔材料，
-浸透可热成型树脂的步骤能够浸透这两个第二多孔材料。
所述实施例允许在单条生产线上制造两个加强层。
根据一个实施例，由通过软化将可热成型树脂结合到柔性多孔材料上构成的步骤包括以下步骤：
-将热结合压力施加到柔性多孔材料，以及
-释放压力，从而柔性多孔材料再膨胀。
利用柔性多孔材料的能力以在很热的同时当柔性多孔材料不再受约束时部分地恢复其原始厚度，所述实施例使得可以将树脂分散在柔性多孔材料上并且结合各个层。
所述再膨胀可以在离开将压力施加到多孔材料的设备之后立即产生，以制造相对厚的半成品的部分，其将稍后得以热成型。利用热成型设备内的可用热量，再膨胀也可以产生在热成型期间，其中，半成品的壳体部分并非是厚的，并且制造设施得以简化。
根据一个实施例，通过将树脂分散在柔性多孔材料的一个表面上来执行用于沉积树脂的步骤。
根据一个实施例，通过局部式施加来执行用于沉积并且浸透树脂的步骤。所述实施例还使得能够在柔性多孔材料内以局部式方式沉积并且浸透可热成型树脂，从而创建塌陷表面，其中，柔性多孔材料没有被树脂浸透或另外以不足量浸透。例如，可以稍后切割掉废料表面，以用于一些特定使用，以创建阳光顶棚。通过分离没有玻璃纤维的非浸透的层，所述废料表面可以比现有废料更容易地回收。此外，该实施例节省树脂。
附图说明
实现本发明的方式以及源于本发明的优点将从根据附图通过非限定性示例的方式提供的以下实施例得以清楚地看见，在附图中：
图1示出根据本发明的一个实施例的汽车内部面板的示意性剖视图；
图2示出根据本发明的第一实施例的用于制造图1中的面板的工艺的示意图；
图3示出根据本发明的第二实施例的用于制造图1中的面板的工艺的示意图。
具体实施方式
图1示出具有用于汽车内部的多个层11-17的面板10。中心层14由上层18和下层19框定。中心层14直接由两个加强层13、15包围。通过在柔性多孔材料20内深度地浸透46可热成型树脂21然后使可热成型树脂21固化来形成中心层14。例如，柔性多孔材料20是至少部分地由密度大于5Kg/m3的开孔(opencells)形成的聚醚泡沫。在关于该实施例的描述中，术语“泡沫”将用于指示柔性多孔材料20。
通过施加通过泡沫20的交变电场来浸透46可热成型树脂21。每个加强层13、15通过热密封层12、16结合到外部层11、17。例如，热密封层可以是膜、有孔膜、粉末层或热密封线。优选地，当泡沫需要声学性质时，结合到装饰性层的热密封层必须对于空气是可渗透的。下部加强层13通过热密封层12结合到装饰性层11，并且上部加强层15通过热密封层16结合到保护层17。使用柔性材料或半刚性材料制造加强层13、15。优选地，使用第二多孔材料23、63制造加强层13、15。例如，第二多孔材料23、63是具有大于10g/m2的质量面密度的、基于合成纤维(特别是聚酯)的非编织物。在关于该实施例的描述中，术语“非编织物”将用于指示第二多孔材料23、63。
图2示出面板10的实施例的第一示例。在生产线60的开始处卷绕泡沫20。所述泡沫20在制造工艺期间被解开以形成面板10。第一步骤40是收集泡沫20，以使得辊改变，而不停止生产线60。
泡沫20的下表面然后覆盖41有形成加强层13的非编织物23。下一步骤是将粉末形式的可热成型树脂21沉积42到泡沫20的上表面上，以形成中心层14。例如，可热成型树脂21是具有范围在0至100μm之间的粒度的环氧粉末。所沉积的可热成型树脂21的量被精确地测量，例如在从20g/m2至500g/m2的范围内。
根据用于沉积可热成型树脂21的步骤42，能够形成上部加强层15的非编织物63被添加43到泡沫20的上表面。热密封层16和保护层17然后添加44到非编织物63。热密封层12和装饰性层11也添加45到非编织物23。因此而获得的产品引入到包含较高电极31和较低电极32的浸透腔室30，以创建通过泡沫20和非编织物23、63的交变电场，以将可热成型树脂21移动到泡沫20和非编织物23、63的中心。优选地，在近似50Hz的频率处，交变电场的幅度在500至5000伏特/mm之间，优选地1000至3000伏特/mm之间。浸透腔室30因此允许可热成型树脂均匀地分布21到泡沫20和非编织物23、63的内部。在浸透46期间，密封到可热成型树脂21的热密封层12、16的存在性将可热成型树脂21包含在泡沫20和非编织物23、63的内部。
在所获得的产品离开腔室30时，通过将可热成型树脂21有效地浸透46到泡沫20和非编织物23、63中，所获得的产品包含最终层11-17的所有构成元件。所获得的产品通过在两组圆柱体之间砑光(calendering)而受到热压47，以将可热成型树脂21扩散到纤维的核心，并且结合可热成型树脂21。在热下通过泡沫20可以恢复体积的方式释放48压力[原文]。为了加工，半成品品被切割49为期望的尺寸，然后堆叠50。为了完成面板10的制造，在热成型模具(未示出)中使半成品热成型，从而获得中心层14和加强层13、15。图2所示的生产线60在几米的宽度上每分钟产生数十米的半成品。在储存和/或运输半成品之后，可以执行固化，这样促进面板制造工艺10。替代地，可以在同一生产线60上执行固化，消除切割49和存储50的步骤。也可以通过卷绕半成品来执行存储50，由此消除切割步骤49。
图3示出面板10制造的第二示例。通过与用于图2中的生产线60相同的方式，在生产线61的开始处卷绕泡沫20。第一步骤40是收集泡沫20，以使得辊改变，而不停止生产线61。下一步骤是将粉末形式的可热成型树脂21沉积42到泡沫20的上表面上。因此而获得的产品被引入到浸透腔室30中，以创建通过泡沫20的交变电场，从而将可热成型树脂21移动到泡沫20的芯部中。
当离开腔室30时，泡沫20的下表面结合41到下层19，并且上表面结合43到上层18。通过将可热成型树脂21有效地浸透46到泡沫20中，所获得的产品包含最终层11-17的所有构成元件。所获得的产品通过在两组圆柱体之间砑光而受到热压47，以将可热成型树脂21扩散到纤维的芯部，并且结合可热成型树脂21，这样使得泡沫的单元的内部呈线性。在热下通过泡沫20和非编织物23、63可以恢复体积的方式释放48压力。为了加工，半成品被切割49为期望的尺寸，然后堆叠50。为了完成制造面板10，在热成型模具(未示出)中使半成品热成型。
与图2中的制造方法不同，构成加强层13、15的元件在特定生产线62上结合到热密封层12、16以及外部层11、17。所述生产线62承载在生产线的开始处所卷绕的非编织物23。第一步骤42’是将粉末形式的可热成型树脂22沉积到非编织物23的上表面上。所沉积的可热成型树脂22的量被精确地测量，例如在从20到500g/m2范围内，如用于沉积可热成型树脂22的步骤42’中那样，另一非编织物63添加52到非编织物23的上表面。热密封层12和装饰性层11然后添加54到非编织物23的下表面。热密封层16和保护层17也添加53到非编织物63。因此而获得的产品引入到浸透腔室30中，以创建通过非编织物23的交变电场，从而将可热成型树脂22移动到非编织物23的芯部中。因此而获得的产品通过在两组圆柱体之间砑光而受到热压47，以将可热成型树脂22扩散到纤维的芯部，并且设置可热成型树脂22。在热下通过泡沫和非编织物23、63可以恢复体积的方式在热量下释放48压力。
两个非编织物23、63然后被分离56，以获得上层18和下层19二者的构成元件。所述元件于是用作用于制造链61的步骤41和43的中间产品。为了加工，固化半成品的可热成型树脂21的最终步骤(未示出)使得可以固化加强层13、15的可热成型树脂22。
在该示例中，通过与非编织物23、63组合在同一生产线62上执行结合到热密封层12、16和外部层11、17的两个加强层13、15。替代地，可以在独立生产线上制造结合到热密封层12、16和外部层11、17的两个加强层13、15。替代地，面板10的层11-17的数量或外部外层11、17的位置可以改变，而无需修改本发明。
本发明因此使得可以制造既轻量、可热成型又吸收声波、符合安全性和紧凑性规则的用于汽车内部的面板10。形成芯层的柔性多孔材料可以有利地是至少部分地由开孔形成的泡沫。

Claims (13)

1.一种用于对车辆壁进行覆盖和/或隔音的面板(10)，所述面板包括：
-中心层(14)，其通过用可热成型树脂(21)浸透(46)柔性多孔材料(20)然后固化所述可热成型树脂(21)而被制造；以及
-两个加强层(13、15)，其被布置在所述中心层(14)的两侧上，
其特征在于，通过使所述可热成型树脂(21)的粉末经受交变电场而在所述柔性多孔材料(20)内深度地执行通过所述可热成型树脂(21)浸透(46)所述柔性多孔材料(20)，
使用柔性材料或半刚性材料制造所述两个加强层(13、15)。
2.如权利要求1所述的面板，其特征在于，所述柔性多孔材料(2)是至少部分地由开孔形成的泡沫。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的面板，其特征在于，通过将可热成型树脂粉末(22)浸透到第二多孔材料(23、63)中而制造至少一个加强层(13、15)，通过使可热成型树脂粉末(22)经受交变电场而在所述第二多孔材料(23、63)内深度地执行用可热成型树脂粉末(22)浸透(46’)加强层(13、15)。
4.如权利要求3所述的面板，其特征在于，所述第二多孔材料(23、63)是基于合成纤维的非编织物。
5.如权利要求1至4中任一项所述的面板，其特征在于，还包括装饰性层(11)，其通过热密封层(12)结合到加强层(13、15)的一个表面。
6.如权利要求1至5中任一项所述的面板，其特征在于，还包括保护层(17)，其通过热密封层(16)结合到加强层(13、15)的一个表面。
7.一种用于制造如权利要求1至6中任一项所述的面板(10)的方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括以下步骤：
-将粉末形式的可热成型树脂(21)沉积(42)到柔性多孔材料(20)上；
-通过施加通过所述柔性多孔材料(20)的交变电场而在所述柔性多孔材料(20)内深度地浸透(46)所述可热成型树脂(21)；以及
-通过软化将可热成型树脂(21)结合(47)到第二多孔材料(20)。
8.如权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括以下步骤：
-在沉积(42)可热成型树脂(21)的步骤之前，将下部加强层(13)组装(41)到所述柔性多孔材料(20)的下表面上，以及
-在浸透(46)可热成型树脂的步骤之前，将上部加强层(15)组装(43)到所述柔性多孔材料(20)的上表面上，
-利用第二多孔材料(23、63)制造加强层(13、15)，
-浸透(46)可热成型树脂(21)能够浸透加强层(13、15)的第二多孔材料(23、63)。
9.如权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括以下步骤：
-在浸透(46)可热成型树脂(21)的步骤之后，将下部加强层(13)组装(41)到所述柔性多孔材料(20)的下表面上，以及
-在浸透(46)可热成型树脂(21)的步骤之后，将上部加强层(15)组装(43)到所述柔性多孔材料(20)的上表面上，
-用第二多孔材料(23、63)制造加强层(13、15)，
对于每个加强层(13、15)，所述方法包括以下步骤：
-将粉末形式的可热成型树脂(22)沉积(42’)到所述第二多孔材料(23、63)上，
-通过施加通过所述第二多孔材料(23、63)的交变电场在所述第二多孔材料(23、63)内深度地浸透可热成型树脂(22)，以及
-通过软化将可热成型树脂(22)结合(47’)到所述第二多孔材料(23、63)。
10.如权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括以下步骤：
-在浸透(46’)可热成型树脂(22)的步骤之前，组装(52)所述加强层(13、15)的所述第二多孔材料(23、63)，以及
-根据通过软化(22)结合(47’)可热成型树脂的步骤来分离(56)两个第二多孔材料(23、63)，
-浸透(46’)可热成型树脂(22)的步骤能够浸透两个第二多孔材料(23、63)。
11.如权利要求7至10中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，通过软化将可热成型树脂(21、22)结合(47、47’)到柔性多孔材料(20、23、63)的步骤包括以下步骤：
-对柔性多孔材料(20、23、63)进行热压(47、47’)，以及
-释放压力(48、48’)，使得柔性多孔材料(20、23、63)再膨胀。
12.如权利要求7至11中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，通过将树脂(21、22)分散在柔性多孔材料(20、23、63)的表面上而执行包括沉积(42、42’)树脂(21、22)的步骤。
13.如权利要求7至12中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，以局部方式执行沉积(42、42’)并且浸透(46、46’)树脂(21、22)的步骤。
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