CN104936782A - 嵌板以及用于制造嵌板的方法 - Google Patents

嵌板以及用于制造嵌板的方法 Download PDF

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CN104936782A
CN104936782A CN201380060967.2A CN201380060967A CN104936782A CN 104936782 A CN104936782 A CN 104936782A CN 201380060967 A CN201380060967 A CN 201380060967A CN 104936782 A CN104936782 A CN 104936782A
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panel
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米尔科·吉诺夫斯基
延斯·穆勒
米夏埃尔·格拉布
本杰明·格兰清
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于蒙盖客舱中的天花板或墙壁的嵌板，客舱特别是指客机的客舱，其中，板材(3)在两侧与盖层(2a、4a)发生层压，其中，板材(3)具有由大量小室壁(7)形成的蜂巢结构。为了改善隔绝噪声的特性，根据本发明提出：小室壁(7)在板材(3)的预设区域(B)中被分段地压扁或压弯。

Description

嵌板以及用于制造嵌板的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于蒙盖客舱中的天花板或墙壁的嵌板，客舱特别是指客机的客舱；以及涉及一种用于制造这种嵌板的方法。
背景技术
根据现有技术，普遍公知的是所谓的“夹层式嵌板”，所述夹层式嵌板特别是被用于蒙盖客机客舱中的天花板和/或墙壁。这种夹层式嵌板由在两侧与盖层相层压的轻质的芯构成。该芯具有由大量小室壁形成的蜂巢结构。小室壁由以酚醛树脂浸渍的纤维纸制造，也可以应用其他材料，诸如纸板、合成材料等。盖层通常由以树脂浸渍的纤维纺织物或纤维编织物构成。为了制造夹层式嵌板，将蜂巢板的敞开平面分别以如下的半成品或预制件遮盖，所述半成品或预制件由以树脂浸渍的纤维纺织物或纤维编织物形成。半成品在压力作用下以及在温度作用下，与蜂巢板发生层压。在此，以如下方式选定压力：使板的蜂巢结构保持完整获得。
夹层式嵌板是轻质的而且具有相对差的隔音特性。为了提高飞行舒适性，传统夹层式嵌板的隔音特性不再被视为足够。为了改善隔音，为此变为：在客舱墙壁或客舱天花板的背面以及夹层式嵌板上设置由硅树脂薄膜和/或玻璃棉构成的层。由此，虽然实现了更佳的隔音，但同时不利地提高了飞机的重量。
由DE 23 02 989 A已知一种用于使夹层板弯曲的方法，其中，夹层板具有由片材构成的盖层以及与盖层固定连接的芯，其中，板材在对芯进行压挤的同时，被弯曲至达到所希望的弯曲角。其他现有技术由FR 1 260187 A、US 3 687 767 A、US 3 412 513 A以及DE 18 16 894 U公知。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于，消除现有技术的缺点。特别是应当给出具备改善的隔音特性的嵌板。根据本发明的另一目的，应当给出尽可能简单而且成本低廉的、用于制造这种嵌板的方法。
所述目的通过独立权利要求1和并列独立权利要求3的特征来实现。本发明的适当构造方案由相应从属权利要求的特征获得。
根据本发明，提出一种用于蒙盖客舱(特别是客机客舱)中的天花板或墙壁的嵌板，其中，板材在两侧与在压力和温度下硬化的、由以树脂或热塑性材料浸渍的纤维纺织物或编织物相层压，其中，板材具有至少一个芯，该芯具有由大量或者说多个小室壁形成的蜂巢结构。蜂巢结构的小室壁在板材的预设区域中，特别是分段地或部分地被压扁或压弯了5％至50％，优选10％至50％。
在本发明的构造方案中设置为：小室壁的压弯或压扁以如下方式进行：在高于700Hz的频率范围内使得透射损耗提高。
小室壁可以由纸(特别是纤维纸)来制造。优选的是，蜂巢结构的小室壁与盖层的法线方向平行或基本平行和/或成锐角。蜂巢材料例如也可以是指泡沫材料，其中，将构成泡沫材料的空隙的小室壁压扁的过程以如下方式进行：使芯的厚度降低5至50％，优选降低10％至50％。
凭借特别是以芯的厚度降低5至50％，优选降低10％至50％的方式进行的压扁或压弯，能够改善嵌板或板材隔绝噪声的特性。在应用根据本发明的嵌板的情况下，根据现有技术附加设置用于隔绝噪声的、由玻璃棉或干脆是重物层构成的层可以被取消。在应用根据本发明的嵌板的情况下，用于客机的夹层式构件能够以降低的耗费和重量来制造。
嵌板(确切来讲是芯)在其中存在压扁部或压弯部的预设区域可以是指一个或多个至少部分地与未压扁的芯区域相邻的区域。一个或多个预设区域能够由未压扁的芯区域至少部分地包围和/或划定边界。芯的一个或多个具有压弯部或压扁部的所述预设区域可以占据整个嵌板的至少50％的面积份额。未压扁的区域可以按照过梁的类型来实现，以便特别是改善嵌板的机械强度。但是同样可行的是：嵌板以整面具有压扁的芯。在这种情况下，小室壁的压扁部或压弯部相比于具有未压扁的芯的嵌板差别为5至50％或10％至50％。
适当的是，蜂巢结构由以树脂浸渍的纤维纸制造。纤维纸可以由芳胺纤维制造。对于泡沫状的芯而言，该芯可以由发泡的合成材料(特别是闭孔状或开孔状的合成材料)制造。
盖层可以由以树脂浸渍的纤维纺织物或编织物来形成。这种盖层可以由所谓的预制件在压力和温度作用下得到制造。
根据本发明的其他规定，在用于制造用以蒙盖客舱(特别是客机客舱)中的天花板或墙壁的嵌板的方法中，提出：对板材在其制造时，在预设区域中，以如下方式以压紧力或者说压制力进行加载，特别是对板材施加的压力的高度或者说强度为：使得板材的原始厚度由于板芯小室壁在预设区域中发生压弯和/或压扁而降低了5至50％，优选降低10％至50％，方式为：在完成制造的板材中获得了实现压弯和/或压扁的厚度降低。
通过根据本发明提出的、对板材施加压力的过程，能够在预设区域中，使小室壁压扁和/或压弯并且削弱，也就是小室壁在变形的状态中具有拱起部、弯折部等，这能够有利地影响到嵌板的隔音特性。所提到的方法能够简单而成本低廉地执行，从而特别是按照类似方式能够改善嵌板的隔音特性。就此而言，所述方法也被称为用于制造隔音嵌板的方法，或用于改善嵌板中隔音特性的方法，所述嵌板具有由大量小室壁形成的、设有至少一个盖层的蜂巢结构。
嵌板可以分段地或在其整个面上被加载压紧力，用以产生压弯部或压扁部。在部分或分段对嵌板加载时，能够与被压扁的区域相邻地产生未压扁的区域。未压扁的区域例如能够以在一侧形成被压扁区域的边缘或对该区域加以包边的方式构造。
按照本发明的方式，对于“板材的厚度”这一说法，被理解为形成蜂巢结构的小室壁的高度。为了使小室壁变形，优选将力施加给蜂巢结构，该力的矢量基本上平行于蜂巢过梁而置，或者该力平行于嵌板的法线方向，特别是平行于局部法线方向。
有利地，板材的原始厚度降低10至30％或15％至25％。由于厚度仅部分地降低，嵌板的强度可以基本保持不变，或者至少可以避免的是：嵌板的强度受到过度折损。
为了制造盖层，有利地采用半成品，所述半成品由经浸渍的纤维纺织物或纤维编织物形成。所述纤维可以是玻璃纤维、碳纤维、芳胺纤维等。半成品有利地作为预制件存在。这种预制件可以通过压力和温度的作用而快速且简单地与板材压紧。
小室壁有针对性的变形和削弱可以在制造期间(特别是在嵌板压制过程范围内)在一个步骤中进行，在该压制过程中，将盖层施加到蜂巢或芯上。
附图说明
下面借助附图详细阐述本发明的实施例。其中：
图1示意地示出在用于制造嵌板的第一方法步骤时的剖视图，
图2示出在用于制造嵌板的第二方法步骤时的示意剖视图，以及
图3示出所制造的嵌板的剖视图。
具体实施方式
图1以示意剖视图示出第一方法步骤。将第一预制件2置于压制台1上。将蜂巢板3堆放在该第一预制件上，又将第二预制件4叠放在蜂巢板上。以附图标记5标示压力机的推头。
第一预制件2和第二预制件4例如由预浸渍的纤维纺织物(Fasergewebe)或纤维编织物(Fasergelege)构成。
蜂巢板3由大量小室壁7形成，该小室壁例如由芳胺纤维形成的纤维纸制造。纤维纸例如被以酚醛树脂浸渍。小室壁7形成蜂巢结构。被第一预制件2和第二预制件4遮盖的蜂巢板3的两个敞开平面垂直于小室壁7延伸。
在图2中所示的第二方法步骤中，推头5朝压制台1的方向运动，并且由此将压力施加到位于其间的堆叠物上。同时，将温度设置在100℃至230℃的范围内。通过施加压力和温度，实现了预制件和蜂巢的变形以及不同层的结合。
由于将压力施加给板材3，小室壁7在板材3的位于突起部6下方的预设区域中塑性变形。小室壁表现出不规则的拱起部、波纹部和/或压弯部。同时，预制件2、4被包含于其中的熔化的树脂或粘接层压实成致密的盖层并且与板材3的小室壁7相熔接。在图2中板材3的原始厚度以附图标记D来标示。在该预设区域中减小的厚度Dr例如为厚度D的0.8至0.9倍。
图3示出根据前述方法制造的嵌板的示意剖视图。由第一预制件2形成的第一盖层被以附图标记2a标示，由第二预制件4形成的第二盖层被以附图标记4a标示。在第一盖层2a与第二盖层4a之间层压而成的板材3的小室壁7在预设区域B中不规则地变形。该小室壁具有拱起部、波纹部和/或压弯部。
在图4中示出的图线中标绘的是与频率相关的透射损耗。以点标示的测量值表示的是：小室壁不变形的传统嵌板的隔绝噪声的特性，以方块标示的测量值表示的是根据本发明的嵌板的隔绝噪声的特性。打断的线代表制造商规定值。
如由图4可见：根据本发明的嵌板特别是在高于约700Hz的频率范围内具有改善的透射损耗进而具有改善的隔绝噪声的特性。在这种情况下约为3dB的改善量要是凭借传统添加质量的方式，要导致重量提高40％。
在所介绍的方法中，小室壁7的变形和第一盖层2a及第二盖层4a的层压有利地同时进行。在本发明的范围内也可以为：小室壁7在相应的预设区域B中在盖层2a、4a层压前发生变形。在这种情况下，则为了层压盖层2a、4a仅施加较小压力，这是因为在层压步骤中不再需要使小室壁7变型。
预设区域B是板材3的分区域。但也可以的是：预设区域B在整个板材3上延伸。也可以是：在板材3的与预设区域B对置的侧面上，设置至少另一预设区域(未示出)，在该另一预设区域中，小室壁7发生变形。
在本发明的范围内也存在如下可能性：应用两层的芯，也就是具有包括两个对应蜂巢结构的彼此相叠的层的芯。特别是在考虑到诸如静力学(Statik)、成本、材料使用、制造过程等边界条件的情况下，能够由两个板材以厚度D来实现多重芯板的边缘区域。可以给例如10mm的“载体层”在边缘区域附设有例如5mm的另一芯。在预设区域B中，可以使一个或多个芯如前面所述地变形。在边缘区域中能够将两个芯简单地相互连接。按照这种方式能够以相对大的原始厚度来实现相对厚的、也就是相对强度更大的边缘区域，而在预设区域中不会发生或存在强烈变形。
附图标记列表
1  压制台
2  第一预制件
2a 第一盖层
3  板材
4  第二预制件
4a 第二盖层
5  推头
6  突起部
7  小室壁
B  预设区域
D  原始的厚度
Dr 减小的厚度

Claims (8)

1.一种嵌板，用于蒙盖客舱中的天花板或墙壁，客舱特别是指客机的客舱，其中，板材(3)在两侧与在压力和温度下硬化的、由利用树脂或热塑性材料浸渍的纤维纺织物或纤维编织物构成的盖层(2a、4a)发生层压，其中，所述板材(3)具有至少一个芯，所述至少一个芯具有由大量小室壁(7)形成的蜂巢结构，其中，所述小室壁(7)在所述板材(3)的预设区域(B)中压扁或压弯了5％至50％。
2.根据权利要求1所述的嵌板，其中，所述小室壁被以如下方式压扁或压弯：在高于700Hz的频率范围内实现透射损耗的提高。
3.一种用于制造根据权利要求1所述的、用于蒙盖客舱中的天花板或墙壁的嵌板的方法，其中，板材(3)在两侧在压力和温度作用下，与盖层(2a、4a)相压合，其中，所述板材(3)具有由大量小室壁(7)形成的蜂巢结构，所述板材(3)在其制造时，在预设区域(B)中被施加的压力的强度为：使得所述板材的原始厚度(D)由于所述蜂巢结构的小室壁(7)被压弯和/或压扁而减小了5％至50％，方式为：在完成制造的板材中就实现了厚度的减小。
4.根据权利要求2所述的方法，其中，所述板材(3)的原始厚度(D)减小了10％至30％，优选减小了15％至25％。
5.根据权利要求2或3所述的方法，其中，所述板材(3)在施加压力和温度下被压紧和变形。
6.根据权利要求2至4之一所述的方法，其中，所述板材(3)由经浸渍的纤维纸制造。
7.根据权利要求2至5之一所述的方法，其中，所述纤维纸由芳胺纤维制造。
8.根据权利要求2至6之一所述的方法，其中，为了制造所述盖层(2a、4a)，采用半成品(2、4)，所述半成品由经预浸渍的纤维纺织物或纤维编织物(2、4)形成。
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CN101448699A (zh) * 2006-05-24 2009-06-03 空中客车德国有限公司 用于运输工具的吸音内包层尤其是飞行器的吸音内包层的夹层构件

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CN110803275A (zh) 2020-02-18
DE102012022713B3 (de) 2014-02-13
EP2922700A1 (de) 2015-09-30
EP2922700B1 (de) 2020-04-01
WO2014079553A1 (de) 2014-05-30
US20150273789A1 (en) 2015-10-01

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Application publication date: 20150923