CN107624056B - 锁定组件及其相关系统和方法 - Google Patents

锁定组件及其相关系统和方法 Download PDF

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CN107624056B
CN107624056B CN201680001552.1A CN201680001552A CN107624056B CN 107624056 B CN107624056 B CN 107624056B CN 201680001552 A CN201680001552 A CN 201680001552A CN 107624056 B CN107624056 B CN 107624056B
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locking assembly
guidewire
lumen
contralateral
distal
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CN107624056A (zh
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凯文·楚
罗兰多·李
克雷格·韦尔克
布赖恩特·特兰
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Endorojex limited liability company
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Abstract

提供了一种用于将第一细长构件能拆卸地耦接至第二细长构件的锁定组件。锁定组件可包括用于将锁定组件锚固至导管的第一内腔和用于将导丝能拆卸地保持至锁定组件的第二内腔。释放构件可与锁定组件对接并施加使导丝与锁定组件断开耦接的力。

Description

锁定组件及其相关系统和方法
引证结合的任何优先权申请
本申请要求2015年6月30日提交的美国临时申请第62/187103号的权益,其全部内容通过引证结合于此。
技术领域
本公开涉及用于将导丝或其它细长结构可逆地耦接至输送系统的装置和方法。
背景技术
一些外科手术过程需要多个导丝例如以帮助将植入体输送至分支血管或保持分支血管入路。在这些手术过程期间,可经由输送系统将植入体输送通过第一分支血管(例如,同侧髂动脉),并且可使用导管、导丝或以其它方法使植入体通过第二分支血管(例如,对侧髂动脉)入路。然而,用于提供分支血管入路的现有技术包括许多步骤且可增加输送系统的尺寸,由此使得手术过程更加难以进行。
发明内容
本文描述的某些实施方式涉及用于治疗血管内动脉瘤或其它血管内缺陷的系统、方法和设备。然而应理解,该系统、方法和设备可应用于其它领域。在一些实施方式中,接受治疗的缺陷可包括但不限于例如腹主动脉瘤、锁骨下动脉瘤和胸主动脉瘤。
如上所述,某些外科手术过程(例如用于治疗主动脉瘤的外科手术过程)可包括使用多个导丝来保持通过多个血管入路。然而,管理多个导丝是很困难的,例如这是因为当从对侧导丝上抽出鞘或其它管状结构时,可能会无意中抽出对侧导丝。现有系统可利用中空导丝或其它管状结构来将输送系统的对侧部分耦接至输送系统的同侧部分或促进对侧导丝前进至目标血管。然而,中空导丝或其它细长结构会增加输送系统的对侧部分的直径并增加提供和/或移除对侧入路所包括的步骤数。因此,理想的可以提供这样一种输送系统,其中对侧导丝直接固定至输送系统的同侧部分以减小输送系统的对侧部分的直径和/或减少步骤数以提供和/或移除对侧入路。减小对侧部分的直径会减小对侧入路的尺寸。
其它装置和技术使用门插管入路分叉上方的支架移植物的对侧肢体,这可具有挑战性且费时。本公开的某些方面通过穿过对侧肢体提供预插管支架移植物而使得对侧肢体更容易展开。本公开还可以允许使用较大的导丝(例如,0.035英寸)。对侧肢体的预插管会省去门插管,从而简化移植物放置过程。
本公开的某些方面涉及一种用于将导丝可拆卸地耦接至输送导管使得可从输送导管释放导丝的锁定组件。在本文的锁定组件的某些方面,壳体具有近端、远端和侧壁部分。凹部至少部分地延伸通过壳体的侧壁。第一内腔沿纵轴线从壳体的近端延伸至壳体的远端。第二内腔从壳体的远端延伸,第二内腔的直径小于第一内腔的直径。第二内腔构造成接收并保持导丝。
可选择地,锁定组件包括保持在凹部中的弹性体构件。弹性体构件可构造成当导丝延伸到第二内腔中时保持导丝。弹性体构件的至少一部分可与壳体的侧壁的外表面基本齐平。弹性体构件可具有至少部分地与第二内腔对准的开口。弹性体构件的开口的直径可小于锁定组件的第二内腔的直径以帮助保持延伸通过第二内腔的导丝。
在某些方面,锁定组件具有突出部分,该突出部分沿壳体的远侧部分的外周缘的至少一部分延伸以消除从第二内腔向远侧延伸的导丝的应变。第二内腔可定位在第一内腔与突出部分之间。
本公开的某些方面涉及利用上述锁定组件的系统。锁定组件可固定至第一细长构件。系统还可包括第二细长构件,第二细长构件构造成由第二内腔单独保持或由第二内腔与弹性体构件共同保持。
本公开的某些方面涉及将对侧导丝耦接至同侧导管的锁定组件。锁定组件具有构造成与同侧导管接合的锚固部分。锁定组件具有互锁部分,该互锁部分构造成当对侧导丝前进或收回时保持对侧导丝的远侧部分,除非在对侧导丝上施加在大约0.01lbf至大约6.0lbf之间(例如,在大约0.01lbf至大约0.5lbf、在大约0.25lbf至大约0.75lbf、在大约0.5lbf至大约1.0lbf、在大约0.75lbf至大约1.15lbf、在大约1.0lbf至大约2.0lbf、在大约1.5lbf至大约2.5lbf、在大约2.0lbf至大约3.0lbf、在大约2.5lbf至大约3.5lbf、在大约3.0lbf至大约4.0lbf、在大约3.5lbf至大约4.5lbf、在大约4.0lbf至大约5.0lbf、在大约4.5lbf至大约5.5lbf之间或在大约5.0lbf至大约6.0lbf之间,或其它大小)的竖直力。
本公开的某些方面涉及使用上述锁定组件的方法。方法可包括使处于锁定构造的输送系统前进。输送系统可包括固定至同侧导管的锁定组件。锁定组件可包括互锁部分,互锁部分构造成当输送系统处于锁定构造时保持导丝。导丝的远端可从锁定组件的远侧被引入互锁部分中,使得当输送系统处于锁定构造时导丝具有弯曲部。弯曲部可定位在导丝的近侧部分与导丝的远侧部分之间。方法还可包括通过使释放导管沿着导丝前进而将输送系统从锁定构造释放为解锁构造。
附图说明
现在将结合某些实施方式参考附图描述这些以及其它特征、方面和优点。然而,图示的实施方式仅是实例,并非用于限制。以下是对附图的简要描述。
图1A是用于与本公开一起使用的定位在腹主动脉与左、右髂总动脉之间的分叉处的分叉脉管假体的示意图。
图1B是用于与本公开一起使用的分叉移植物的分解视图,其示出了与外部聚合物鞘分开的自扩张线丝支撑笼。
图2是用于输送分叉假体的展开导管的实施方式的示意图,其中移植物的主分支部分的近侧部分至少部分地展开。
图3是用于输送分叉假体的展开导管的实施方式的截面图。
图4是图3中的曲线4-4所描绘的部分的放大图。
图5是图3所示的展开导管的实施方式的沿图4中的线5-5截取的截面图。
图6是图3所示的展开导管的实施方式的沿图4中的线6-6截取的截面图。
图7是展开导管的实施方式的示意图,其中导丝鞘定位成跨越分叉。
图8是如图7的示意图,其中展开导管定位在主动脉内。
图9是如图8的示意图,其中移植物的被压缩的髂分支部分地定位在髂动脉内。
图10是如图9的示意图,其中移植物的主分支部分的近侧部分至少部分地展开在主动脉内。
图11如图10,是通过对侧髂动脉进一步向近侧收回导丝鞘和对侧导丝鞘从而展开移植物的对侧分支部分之后的示意图。
图12A如图11,是向近侧收回同侧分支鞘并展开移植物的同侧分支部分之后的示意图。
图12B如图12A,是在对侧入路部位引入释放构件并释放构件沿对侧导丝前进之后的示意图。
图12C是如图12B的示意图,其中释放构件与锁定组件对接。
图12D是如图12C的示意图,其中在使对侧导丝与锁定组件断开耦接之后通过对侧入路部位收回了释放构件。在一些实施方式中,(例如,在主分支部分的近端)可植入套箍(cuff)以固定或加长移植物。
图13A是构造成可拆卸地保持细长构件的锁定组件的示意图。
图13B是包括壳体和弹性体构件的锁定组件的示例性实施方式的等距视图。
图14是图13B中所示弹性体构件的实施方式的等距视图。
图14A是图14中所示弹性体构件的实施方式的俯视图。
图14B是图14中所示弹性体构件的实施方式的后视图。
图14C是图14中所示弹性体构件的实施方式的前截面图。
图14D是图14中所示弹性体构件的实施方式的前视图。
图15是本锁定组件的实施方式的前截面图。
图16是本锁定组件的替代实施方式的前截面图。
图17A是耦接至对侧导丝的锁定组件的实施方式的前视图。
图17B是图17A中描绘的与释放构件对接的锁定组件的实施方式的前视图。
图18A是本公开的锁定组件的替代实施方式。
图18B是本公开的锁定组件的替代实施方式。
图18C是本公开的锁定组件的替代实施方式。
图18D是本公开的锁定组件的替代实施方式。
图18E是本公开的锁定组件的替代实施方式。
图18F是本公开的锁定组件的替代实施方式。
图18G是本公开的锁定组件的替代实施方式。
图18H是本公开的锁定组件的替代实施方式。
图18I是本公开的锁定组件的替代实施方式。
图18J是本公开的锁定组件的替代实施方式。
图18K是本公开的锁定组件的替代实施方式。
图18L是本公开的锁定组件的替代实施方式。
图18M是本公开的锁定组件的替代实施方式。
图18N是本公开的锁定组件的替代实施方式。
图18O是本公开的锁定组件的替代实施方式。
图18P是本公开的锁定组件的替代实施方式。
图18Q是本公开的锁定组件的替代实施方式。
图18R是本公开的锁定组件的替代实施方式。
图19是对侧导丝的实施方式的侧视图。
具体实施方式
以下将详细描述本公开的某些具体实施方式。在本说明书中,参考了附图,其中在整个说明书和附图中,相同部件以相同附图标记指示。以下描述了用于建立具有多个导丝的外科手术平台的输送系统的各种实施方式。在一些方面,本公开涉及用于展开脉管移植物以治疗腹主动脉瘤的装置和方法,其包括展开导管和可用于通过植入的脉管移植物保持入路以进行后续导管插入的导丝组件。
腹主动脉瘤通常出现在病变主动脉的肾下部分,例如肾脏下方。动脉瘤通常发生在血管分支部位附近,使得分叉支架成为非常适合治疗腹主动脉瘤的装置。腔内植入逐渐被认可为用于植入脉管移植物的技术。该过程可包括股骨切开入路,或通过使用输送导管经皮插入脉管移植物或假体。该过程不需要重大手术干预,从而减少了与脉管和动脉手术相关的风险。本文描述了用于假体装置的导管输送系统的各种实施方式。
血管内外科手术过程可使用导丝来帮助定位导管或放置假体。导丝可提供外科手术平台,医生从该外科手术平台可进行微创医疗过程。在某些情况下,医生可在医疗过程中使用多个导丝。当使用多个导丝时,第一导丝的至少一端所处的位置可与第二导丝的至少一端所处的位置不同。当使用多个导丝时,第一导丝的至少一部分可位于第二导丝的至少一部分附近。在某些情况下,第一导丝的一端可紧挨着第二导丝的一部分,而第一导丝的另一端处于与第二导丝的端部所处的位置不同的位置。第一导丝可在一个位置入路患者并在患者体内联接至从不同位置入路患者的第二导丝。从不同位置入路患者身体的导丝可用于展开分叉支架,使心脏瓣膜落座,或进行血管内外科手术过程。
当前某些用于具有至少一个分支部分的分叉支架移植物系统或移植物的输送系统可使用两个单独的鞘以在展开移植物的近侧区段之前展开移植物的远侧区段。首先收回外鞘以展开身体中段和对侧肢体的一部分。然后,前鞘向远侧前进以展开移植物的远端。参见例如美国专利第6,660,030号。其它输送系统,例如如2006年9月15日提交的名称为"多区段移植物展开系统(A MULTI-SEGMENTED GRAFT DEPLOYMENT SYSTEM)"的美国专利申请系列第11/522,292号(该专利申请的全部内容通过引证结合于此,如同完整地在本文中阐述一样)公开的输送系统,可使用多个轴向隔开的暂时由牵引丝连接的可释放约束构件以允许在展开移植物近侧部分之前展开远侧主分支部分。通常,这些输送系统通过导丝输送至动脉瘤位置。导丝可进一步用于释放假体的分支移植物部分,例如通过将分支移植物限制机构可操作地连接至导丝并从脉管系统向近侧抽出导丝。
一旦已展开并植入了分叉移植物,可期望地完成各种过程。例如,可有利的是(例如,在主分支部分的近端)植入套箍以固定移植物,从而防止主分支部分移动或滑动。可替换地,可需要扩张狭窄区或修改或重建移植物的扩张。这些过程需要将另一个导管沿导丝前进至移植位置。然而,在已展开移植物之后将导丝穿过移植物定位是很困难的,这是因为导丝尖端可钩挂于移植物的线丝支撑笼上。因此,可有利的是提供一种导丝组件,其构造成一旦已展开了移植物便保持穿过该移植物放置,并允许通过扩张的移植物入路以进行后续导管插入。此外,可有利的是改进展开导管和/或移植物约束构件的构造以改进展开和定位分叉和非分叉移植物的方法,如本文将描述的。
在某些实施方式中,展开导管可构造成输送包括主移植物部分或远侧移植物部分和至少一个分支或近侧移植物部分的移植物。在某些实施方式中,中空导丝组件可与分支区段的约束构件关联,使得可通过导丝组件展开分支区段。导丝组件还可被构造成使得其可用于从分支区段移除约束构件,同时允许穿过扩张的分支区段和移植物主体放置和维护导丝以进行后续导管插入。以下还将描述移植物展开系统和导丝组件的其它实施方式。
假体
图1A是可与本文公开的展开导管的任何实施方式一起使用的定位在腹主动脉30与左髂总动脉37和右髂总动脉38之间的分叉处的分叉脉管移植物50的实例的示意图。参考图1A,示出了腹主动脉及其主要分支的示意图。具体而言,腹主动脉30的特征是具有右肾动脉2和左肾动脉4。主动脉30的末端大分支是左髂总动脉37和右髂总动脉38。为了简化,图1A已省略了其它血管(例如,第二腰椎、睾丸、肠系膜下、中间骶)。所示的扩张分叉腔内脉管假体的一个实施方式是跨越动脉瘤103、104和105。扩张分叉腔内脉管移植物50可包括用于穿过主动脉的主分支部分52(本文中也称作主分支区段)、用于跨越同侧髂动脉的第一分支部分54(本文中也称作第一分支区段或同侧分支部分)、用于跨越对侧髂动脉38的第二分支部分56(本文中也称作第二分支区段或对侧分支部分)。
术语“第一”和“第二”可互换使用。在一个实施方式中,第一分支部分可指主分支血管的下游或上游部分。例如,在一个实施方式中,主分支部分和第一分支部分构造成位于主动脉弓(包括,例如升和/或降主动脉)的至少一部分内,其中主分支部分定位得更靠近心脏,而第二分支部分可构造成延伸到从主动脉弓延伸的分支血管(左锁骨下、右锁骨下或颈动脉)的其中之一内。
图1B是图1A中的分叉移植物50的分解视图,分叉移植物可包括自扩张线丝支撑笼60和外部聚合物鞘68。在图1B中,线丝支撑笼60示为与外部聚合物鞘68分离。在图示的实施方式中,聚合物鞘68可同心地位于管状线丝支撑笼60外部。然而,其它实施方式可包括同心地定位在线丝支撑笼内或定位于线丝支撑笼内部和外部的鞘。可替换地,线丝支撑笼可嵌在构成鞘的聚合物基体或层内。鞘68可通过本领域的技术人员已知的各种合适方式中的任何一种附接至线丝支撑笼60。
管状线丝支撑笼60可包括用于穿过主动脉的主分支部分62、用于跨越同侧髂的第一分支部分64(本中中也称作同侧分支部分)和用于跨越对侧髂的第二分支部分66(本文中也称作对侧分支部分)。主分支部分62和第一同侧分支部分64可由具有近端、远端和在近端与远端之间延伸的中心内腔的单段连续线丝形成。可替换地,第一同侧分支部分64可由枢转地连接至主分支部分62的近端的一段或多段线丝形成。可替换地,第一对侧分支组成部分66可由枢转地连接至主分支部分62的近端的一段或多段线丝形成。第二对侧分支部分66可由枢转地连接至主分支部分62的近端的一段或多段线丝形成。髂分支组成部分的每一个均具有近端、远端和穿过其延伸的中心内腔。由具有三部分的笼构造而成的移植物有助于在不同组成部分使用不同规格的线丝(例如,主干线使用直径为0.014英寸的线丝,分支组成部分使用直径为0.012英寸的线丝)。
一般而言,分叉腔内脉管移植物50的组成部分的每一个在直径、长度、扩张系数以及其它参数或特征方面的变化很大,这取决于预期应用。就植入典型成人的主动脉内而言,主分支部分52的长度将在约2英寸或更小至约5英寸或更大的范围内,且通常在约3.5英寸至约4英寸的范围内。主分支部分52的不受限制的外部扩张直径将通常在约0.75英寸至约1.5英寸的范围内。主分支部分52的不受限制的扩张外径在整个长度上可恒定或基本恒定,或可从远端相对较大的直径呈锥形至分叉处相对较小的直径。一般而言,主分支部分近端的直径将在不超过主分支部分远端直径的约95%且常常不超过约85%的量级上。髂分支部分54和56将通常双侧对称,其长度在约0.4英寸至约2.6英寸的范围内,且直径在约0.04英寸至约0.79英寸的范围内。
根据本公开使用的坍缩假体的直径在约0.08英寸至约0.39英寸的范围内。坍缩假体的最大直径可在约0.12英寸至约0.24英寸(12至18弗伦奇)的范围内。展开导管(包括假体)的一些实施方式的直径可在约18至约20或约21弗伦奇的范围内。其它实施方式具有的直径可低至约19弗伦奇、约16弗伦奇、约14弗伦奇或更小。展开之后,扩张的腔内脉管假体可径向自扩张至直径在约0.8英寸至约1.6英寸的范围内。
虽然本文公开了某些假体构造,但这些假体构造仅是可使用本文描述的展开导管和导丝组件的实施方式进行展开的假体的实例。在其它实施方式中,以下描述的输送系统可用于输送和展开其它类型的具有主分支部分和至少一个分支移植物部分的自扩张分叉或多段假体,如本领域的技术人员根据本文的公开内容将很清楚的。例如,在其它实施方式中,展开导管和导丝组件的某些特征和方面可用于展开不具有分支移植物部分的移植物、仅具有一个分支部分的移植物和/或具有一个以上移植物部分的移植物。上述假体的其他细节和附加实施方式可见于美国专利第6,007,296、6,187,036和6,197,049号,这些专利申请的每一个的全部内容均通过引证结合于此。
还应理解,虽然在为腹主动脉构造的分叉移植物的上下文中描述了示出的实施方式,但本文描述的输送系统和方法的某些特征和方面可用于脉管系统的其它部分。例如,可以预期到,本文描述的系统和方法的某些特征和方面可适用于胸主动脉。在一些实施方式中,展开导管120(参见图3)可构造成治疗以下缺陷,可包括但不限于例如腹主动脉瘤、锁骨下动脉瘤和胸主动脉瘤。还可以预期到,本文描述的系统的某些特征和方面可适于将单个直移植物区段输送至胸主动脉或人体内的其它血管或动脉。
输送系统
可扩张分叉移植物50可利用各种展开导管中的任何一种在治疗部位展开,本领域的技术人员将很清楚。本文公开的展开导管的任何实施方式可包括适于展开本领域已知的可扩张分叉移植物的任何展开导管的任何材料、特征或其它细节。展开导管的其他细节和附加实施方式可见于美国专利第8,236,040和8,523,931号,这些专利申请的每一个的全部内容均通过引证结合于此。
本文公开的展开导管可用于展开本领域已知的自扩张分叉移植物,或美国专利第6,090,128、6,500,202、6,660,030、8,523,931号和美国专利公开第2008/0071343号中公开的任何实施方式中的自扩张分叉移植物。上述引用的专利和公开的专利申请的每一个的全部内容均通过引证结合于此,如同在本文完全阐述一样。
参考图2,将简要描述一种用于使用展开导管120的实施方式来治疗腹主动脉瘤的方法,但并无限制性。以下将描述关于该展开方法的更多细节。图2是用于输送分叉假体或移植物50的展开导管120的实施方式的示意图,其示出了移植物50的主分支部分52的近侧部分至少部分地展开在主动脉内以便说明。如图2所示,可通过患者同侧动脉上的穿刺部位将展开导管120引入患者的脉管系统内。展开导管120并不限于治疗腹主动脉瘤;其可构造成治疗其它动脉瘤,如本文更完整地讨论的那样。此外,根据临床需要,可通过同侧动脉以外的穿刺部位将展开导管120引入患者的脉管系统内。例如但不限于,可通过对侧动脉、径向动脉或锁骨下动脉将展开导管120引入患者的脉管系统内。
如图2所示,展开导管120可在导丝226上前进至患者主动脉内的所需位置。图2中示出的移植物50可包括约束在主分支鞘或构件186内的主分支部分52、约束在同侧分支鞘或构件188内的同侧分支部分54,和约束在对侧分支鞘或构件190内的对侧分支部分56。在展开如图2所示的移植物50的主分支部分52之前,可将整个移植物约束在展开导管120的外鞘128内。简言之,可通过收回外鞘128暴露移植物50,且展开导管120可被可操纵成将对侧分支部分56定位在对侧动脉38内。
在将移植物50定位在所需位置之后,如图2所图示,可通过收回鞘释放件166(例如绳索、缝合线、线丝等)展开移植物50的主分支部分52,这可使穿孔主分支鞘186沿其一侧撕开。可通过进一步抽出鞘释放件166展开主分支部分52的剩余部分。主分支鞘186可附接至鞘释放件166,从而允许当通过同侧入路部位移除鞘释放件166时通过同侧入路部位移除主分支鞘186。在其它构造中,可单独将主分支鞘186从对侧入路部位抽出或与同侧分支鞘188或对侧分支鞘190一起抽出。
在示出的实施方式中,可通过穿过对侧髂动脉38中的穿刺部位抽出对侧导丝鞘216展开移植物50的对侧分支部分56,这使得对侧分支鞘190被抽出。类似地,可通过穿过同侧髂动脉37中的穿刺部位抽出展开导管120展开移植物50的同侧分支部分54,这使得同侧分支鞘188在抽出对侧分支鞘190之前或之后被抽出。
参考图2描述的展开方法并非旨在限制展开导管120的适用性。展开导管120可构造成将直移植物、分叉移植物或任何其它移植物构造展开到人体内的动脉或其它血管的任何部分中。在一些实施方式中,展开导管120可用于展开具有锚固元件以及不具有锚固元件的移植物,锚固元件帮助将移植物固定至血管壁。已对使用展开导管120的方法进行了该简短非限制性的概述之后,现在将描述展开导管120的额外特征和构造以及该展开方法和其它展开方法的额外细节。
图3是展开导管120的非限制性示例性实施方式的剖切侧视图。展开导管120的内芯132可包括纵向延伸贯穿其的导丝内腔154和鞘释放件内腔156。导丝内腔154可由可放置在内芯132内的中心管170限定。导丝内腔154可由沿内芯132的纵轴线钻出的孔限定。在示出的实施方式中,导丝内腔154可延伸通过管状内芯132的整个长度,具有远侧出口158和近侧入路口160,如本领域的技术人员将了解的那样。使用时,展开导管120可在延伸通过导丝内腔154的导丝226(图2中所示)上前进到主动脉内的位置,如本领域的技术人员将理解的那样。可通过鞘释放件内腔156传送鞘释放件166(本文中也称作绳索)。在图示的实施方式中,鞘释放件内腔156可延伸通过管状内芯132的整个长度,具有远侧出口162和近侧入路口164,如本领域的技术人员将了解的那样。
在展开导管120的实施方式中,导丝内腔154可与内芯132的中心线轴线和鞘释放件内腔156共面。然而,并不要求这种布置。在一些实施方式中,导丝内腔154可与内芯132的中心线轴线和鞘释放件内腔156不共面。因此,内芯132可构造成使得导丝内腔154和鞘释放件内腔156在内芯132的截面的任何期望位置处形成。
图4是图3中的曲线4描绘的部分的放大图。图5和图6是图3中所示的展开导管120的实施方式的分别沿图4中的线5-5和线6-6截取的截面图。参考图4-6,在内芯132相对于另一个鞘128前进之前,分叉腔内移植物50被示出为在展开导管120内处于压缩构造。移植物50可包括远侧主动脉干或主分支部分52、近侧同侧分支部分54和近侧对侧髂部分56。在示出的实施方式中,移植物50的主动脉主分支部分52可约束在主分支鞘186内。虽然参考压缩主分支移植物部分52示出了主分支鞘186的实施方式,但可设想鞘186可替换地用于压缩和输送多区段脉管移植物的其它部分,例如分支移植物部分、整个多区段移植物,或单区段直脉管移植物。进一步地,在示出的实施方式中,同侧分支部分54可约束在管状同侧分支鞘188(本文中也称作第一分支鞘)内,而对侧分支部分56可约束在大体为管状的对侧分支鞘190(本文中也称作第二分支鞘)内。在所示的实施方式中,同侧分支鞘188和对侧分支鞘190可为端部开口的管状鞘。
同侧分支鞘188基本上可约束分叉移植物50的同侧分支部分54的整个长度。类似地,在示出的实施方式中,对侧分支鞘190基本上可约束分叉移植物50的对侧分支部分56的整个长度。然而,在一些实施方式中,同侧分支鞘188和/或对侧分支鞘190基本上可分别约束多于或少于分叉移植物50的同侧分支部分54或对侧分支部分56的整个长度。
参考图5,主分支鞘186可定尺寸和构造成周向围绕分叉移植物50的主分支部分52。然而,在一些实施方式中,主分支鞘186可构造成仅部分地围绕分叉移植物50的主分支部分52。主分支鞘186可延伸至移植物50的对侧分支部分56的远端。在一些实施方式中,主分支鞘186可构造成沿覆盖对侧分支部分56的主分支鞘186的长度的一部分限定凹口192。在一些实施方式中,凹口192可以是沿着主分支鞘186的长度的一部分的狭缝。在一些实施方式中,如在示出的实施方式中,凹口192可沿主分支鞘186的长度的一部分移除主分支鞘186的一部分,该部分可小于或等于主分支鞘186的周长的约一半。在一些实施方式中,可对主分支鞘186进行切削以移除构成主分支鞘186的适量材料以允许在收回外鞘128时展开移植物50的同侧分支部分54或对侧分支部分56。因此,在一些实施方式中,主分支鞘186可不约束分叉腔内移植物50的同侧分支部分54或对侧分支部分56。
在一些实施方式中,如图4所图示,扭转突起物196可与中心管170一体形成,或扭转突起物可通过热粘合、粘合剂粘合和/或本领域已知的各种其它固定技术中的任何一种固定至中心管。如所图示,分叉腔内移植物50的主分支部分52可被主分支鞘186约束在扭转突起物196周围。在示出的实施方式中,扭转突起物196可与内骨骼或(参考图1B)分叉移植物50的线丝支撑笼60接合,并确保分叉移植物50基本上随着展开导管120的内芯132旋转。换言之,扭转突起物196可防止中心管170相对于分叉移植物50旋转。这可提高医师或使用者通过旋转展开导管120的近端,尤其是通过旋转内芯132的近端或“Y”连接器169而旋转,并因此操纵移植物50以及患者主动脉内的同侧分支部分54和/或对侧分支部分56的能力。如此,扭转突起物196可使分叉腔内移植物50基本上与中心管170一致地旋转。
如以下更详细地描述的,锁定组件300可与中心管170耦接。锁定组件300可与中心管170一体地形成,或通过热粘合、粘合剂粘合和/或本领域已知的各种其它固定技术中的任何一种固定至中心管170。锁定组件300可与对侧导丝194的锁定部分194b(图17A中所示)接合。锁定部分194b在本文中也称作远端194b或刚性区域。对侧导丝194可从锁定组件300向远侧延伸并将导管插入导丝鞘216。然后,对侧导丝194可向近侧弯曲返回并延伸通过移植物50的主分支部分52,进入移植物50的对侧分支部分56。对侧导丝194和对侧导丝鞘216可从移植物50的对侧分支部分56向近侧延伸并向远侧弯曲返回,沿着外鞘128的内表面与主分支鞘186的外表面之间形成的间隙向远侧行进。然后,对侧导丝194和对侧导丝鞘216可通过远侧尖端174的近侧面与外鞘128的远侧面之间形成的间隙离开输送导管120。远侧尖端174可包括凹槽(未示出),当对侧线丝194穿过远侧尖端174与外鞘128之间的结合处时,该凹槽容纳对侧线丝194。
可使用对侧导丝鞘216展开对侧分支鞘190。同侧分支鞘188可连接至内芯132或对接构件168且适于从移植物178的同侧分支部分182轴向地向近侧抽出,从而允许同侧分支部分182扩张其植入构造。主分支鞘186可与对侧分支鞘190或同侧分支鞘188一起收回。
使用方法
参考上述展开导管120的实施方式,现在将描述使用展开导管120利用以上公开的分叉腔内移植物50的实施方式治疗患者的腹主动脉瘤的示例性手术过程或方法。然而,不应将本公开的方法和装置理解为限制于该特定说明性实例。本方法和系统可用于任何需要可逆地耦接导管、鞘、导丝或相似装置的医疗过程。
在图示的实施方式中,主分支鞘186和同侧分支鞘188通过同侧入路部位引入患者并通过同侧入路部位从患者移除,而对侧分支鞘190通过同侧入路部位引入并通过对侧入路部位移除。
图7是展开导管120的实施方式的示意图,其中对侧导丝鞘216定位成跨越分叉并定位在对侧髂动脉38内。可通过股动脉内的同侧入路部位将中空对侧导丝鞘216引入同侧髂动脉37,向上朝主动脉30前进,并使用本领域的技术人员已知的交叉技术,随后将中空对侧导丝鞘216向对侧髂动脉38下方前进并且到对侧股动脉内的对侧入路部位外部。可通过使对侧导丝鞘216的引导部分216穿过对侧入路部位而使对侧导丝鞘216的引导部分216b外部化。如以下所讨论,导丝鞘216可固定至对侧分支鞘190。可通过抽出对侧导丝鞘216从而将对侧分支鞘190从移植物50的对侧分支部分56移除来展开分叉移植物50的对侧分支部分56。可通过拉动对侧导丝鞘216通过对侧入路部位移除对侧分支鞘190。
图8是如图7的示意图,其中展开导管120定位在主动脉30内。参考图8,在已跨越主动脉30内的分叉228定位对侧导丝鞘216之后,可使用本领域的技术人员已知的技术在第二导丝226(也称为主导丝,例如但不限于0.035英寸的标准导丝)上将展开导管120从同侧入路部位前进到入主动脉30内。可从对侧入路部位对中空对侧导丝鞘施加牵引力以在将展开导管120推进入主动脉30内时拉紧对侧导丝鞘216的松弛部。
图9是移植物50的同侧分支部分54和对侧分支部分56被(分别)压缩在同侧分支鞘188和对侧分支鞘190内并基本完全定位在相应的同侧髂动脉和对侧髂动脉内的示意图。如图9所示,分叉移植物50可构造成通过收回展开导管120和(如果需要)对侧导丝鞘216直至分叉移植物50邻接或位于主动脉228的分叉处附近而邻接抵靠主动脉228的分叉处或定位在主动脉228的分叉处附近。可操纵对侧导丝194以使移植物50坐置于主动脉30的分叉处228上。
图10是如图9的示意图,其中移植物的主分支部分52的近侧部分至少部分地展开在主动脉30内。可通过向近侧收回鞘释放件线丝166(如上所述),同时使展开导管的内芯132(参见图3)相对于主动脉30保持在固定位置以防止对主动脉30的分叉处228或解剖部位的其它部分过度施力,而使移植物50的主分支部分52的近侧部分部分地展开在主动脉30内,如所图示。以自下而上的顺序展开移植物50(如本文所图示)可帮助减轻“风向袋(windsocking)”效应,该效应可引起移植物50的近侧移动。此外,以自下而上的顺序展开移植物50可允许轴向地或旋转地对部分展开的移植物50进行重新定位而不会对动脉壁造成严重损坏或任何损坏。在一些实施方式中,这部分地是由于展开的移植物50中间部分比展开的移植物50端部部分可更容易抵靠动脉壁移动。主分支鞘186可附接至鞘释放件线丝166并通过同侧入路部位从患者抽出。
图11如图10,是通过对侧髂动脉38进一步向近侧收回对侧导丝鞘216并因此收回对侧分支鞘190之后的示意图。如图所示,已收回对侧分支鞘190以完全展开分叉移植物50的对侧分支部分56。当通过对侧入路部位抽出对侧导丝鞘216时,对侧导丝194可保持耦接至锁定组件300。
图12A如图11,是向近侧收回同侧分支鞘188并展开移植物50的同侧分支部分54之后的示意图。可通过向近侧收回内芯132展开移植物50的同侧分支部分54,如上所述,内芯132可直接或间接地刚性附接至同侧分支鞘188(参见图3)。由于同侧分支鞘188可以是端部开口的管状鞘,因此可以自上而下的顺序展开移植物50的同侧分支部分54。
然而,同侧分支鞘188(和对侧分支鞘190)可构造成适应任何其它期望的或合适的顺序。在一些实施方式中,可在展开移植物50的对侧分支部分56之前展开分叉移植物50的同侧分支部分54。此外,虽然附图示出了移植物50的主分支部分52与对侧分支部分56一起展开,但在其它实施方式中,移植物50的主分支部分52可与同侧分支部分54一起展开。而且,虽然附图示出了在展开对侧分支部分56之前展开同侧分支部分54,但在其它实施方式中,可在展开移植物50的同侧分支部分54之前展开对侧分支部分56。
在图12A图示的实施方式中,在展开分叉移植物50之后,对侧导丝194保持耦接至锁定组件300。锁定组件300保持对侧导丝194的远端194b(图17A所示)以防止对侧导丝194的远端意外移动。锁定组件300可构造成允许医疗技术人员致动锁定组件300,从而触发锁定组件300以释放对侧导丝194的远端。
参考图12B至图12D,可通过释放构件311(例如,猪尾状导管)沿对侧导丝194前进实现从锁定组件300释放对侧导丝194。然后,释放构件311可直接或间接地在对侧导丝194上施加竖直力,从而使锁定组件300释放对侧导丝194的远端194b。然后,可通过对侧入路部位抽出释放构件311。可在抽出释放构件311之前、之后或同时抽出侧导丝194。此外或可替换地,释放构件311可构造成在启动耦接至锁紧装置300的触发元件时释放对侧导丝194,如下所述。
虽然示出的方法示出在抽出对侧导丝194之前释放移植物50的同侧分支部分54,但在一些方法中,可在释放同侧分支部分54之前(例如,如图12A所示)释放对侧导丝194(例如,如图12B-12D所示)。
锁定组件
图13A是锁定组件300的示意图。锁定组件300可与第一细长构件303和第二细长构件305对接(例如,可拆卸地耦接、永久地固定,或一体地形成)。锁定组件300可构造成与两个以上细长构件对接。第一细长构件303可穿过锁定组件300。锁定组件300可与第一细长构件303的锚固部分307对接。锁定组件300可以可逆地耦接至第二细长构件305的锁定部分309。
图13B是可与本文公开的展开导管120的任何实施方式一起使用的锁定组件300的非限制性实例。一般而言,本公开的锁定组件300可构造成将两个细长构件固定至锁定组件300。锁定组件300可适于在使用者对正释放的细长构件施加竖直力时将细长构件之一从锁定组件300释放。本公开的锁定组件300可用于结合使用来自不同位置的两条线丝的医疗过程,例如展开分叉支架或多个支架的胸、肾脏或心脏医疗过程。通过非限制性实例,当展开分叉支架以治疗腹主动脉瘤时,锁定组件300可用于将对侧导丝联接至同侧导管。现在将通过给出锁定组件300的各种非限制性示例性实施方式来描述锁定组件300的某些方面。
参考图13B,锁定组件300可包括壳体301,壳体具有远侧面302和近侧面304。如图13B所示,近侧面304和远侧面302可基本上与纵轴线306垂直。然而,在其它构造中,近侧面304和远侧面302可基本上不垂直于纵轴线306和/或彼此平行。锁定组件300可包括限定第一内腔310的锚固表面308。第一内腔310可在壳体301的远侧面302与近侧面304之间连通。如图13B所示,第一内腔310可与锁定组件300的纵轴线306同心。然而在其它构造中,第一内腔310可相对于锁定组件300的纵轴线306偏心。
细长构件可穿过锁定组件300的第一内腔310,例如输送导管120的中心管170可穿过第一内腔310。锁定组件300可与中心管170一体成形或结合至中心管170,使得当中心管170在远侧或近侧方向上移动时,锁定组件300与中心管170之间无相对移动。中心管170可固定至锚固表面308,诸如通过热粘合、粘合剂粘合、卷边或本领域已知的各种其它固定技术中的任何一种。
此外或可替换地,锁定组件300可包括第二内腔312。第二内腔312为壳体301的远侧面302与近侧面304之间的通道。然而,在其它构造中,第二内腔312可仅与壳体301的远侧面302连通,而不与近侧面304连通。第二内腔312可构造成将第二细长构件(例如,对侧导丝194)保持至锁定组件300。使用者启动锁定组件300时,可将对侧导丝194从第二内腔312释放。
锁定组件300可包括第一凹部314,第一凹部从壳体301的侧壁316朝向锁定组件300的纵轴线306延伸。第二内腔312可与第一凹部314连通。此外或可替换地,第一内腔310可与第一凹部314连通。锁定组件300可包括第二凹部320,第二凹部从壳体301的侧壁316朝向锁定组件300的纵轴线306延伸。锁定组件300可包括插置于第一凹部314与第二凹部320之间的分隔器322。锁定组件300可包括通孔324,通孔延伸通过分隔器322并在第一凹部314与第二凹部320之间连通以形成凹部部分。
锁定组件300的近侧部分326可呈锥形。近侧部分326可呈锥形,使得近侧部分326的横截面面积沿近侧方向减小。近侧部分326可呈锥形以允许将近侧部分326从移植物50抽出并返回入外鞘128内,而不会使锁定组件300卡在移植物50或外鞘128或任何其它介于中间的结构上。锁定组件300可具有锥角,该锥角定义为锁定组件300的纵轴线306与锁定组件300的近侧部分的侧壁之间的角度。锥角可在大约15度至60度之间,在大约20度至45度之间,以及在大约25至35度之间。锥角可以是30度,公差为1度。
锁定组件300的远侧部分330可包括从壳体301径向向外延伸的突出物332。突出物332可周向围绕锁定组件300的整个远侧部分330,或可仅围绕锁定组件300的远侧部分330的一部分。突出物332可仅从远侧部分330的一部分延伸。第二内腔312可插置于突出物332与第一内腔310之间。突出物332可构造成消除从第二内腔312向远侧延伸且然后在近侧方向上弯曲返回的细长构件的应变。突出物332的曲率半径可在大约0.005至0.1英寸之间,在大约0.01至0.05英寸之间,以及在大约0.015至0.025英寸之间。突出物332的曲率半径可为0.02英寸,公差为0.01英寸。
锁定组件300可具有限定近侧面304与远侧面302之间的距离的长度尺寸。长度尺寸可在大约0.1至1.0英寸之间,在大约0.2至0.5英寸之间,以及在大约0.3至0.4英寸之间。长度尺寸可以是0.375英寸,公差为0.010英寸。锁定组件300可具有与长度尺寸垂直的宽度尺寸。该宽度尺寸可在大约0.05至0.5英寸之间,在大约0.1至0.3英寸之间,以及在大约0.15至0.2英寸之间。宽度尺寸可以是0.187英寸,公差为0.002英寸。锁定组件300可具有第一长宽比,其定义为长度尺寸除以宽度尺寸。第一长宽比可在大约0.5至5之间,在大约1至3之间,以及在大约1.75至2.25之间。第一长宽比可以是2.0。
锁定组件300的第一内腔310的直径可在大约0.01至0.2英寸之间,在大约0.02至0.1英寸之间,以及在大约0.04至0.06英寸之间。第一内腔310的直径可以是0.055英寸,公差为0.002英寸。锁定组件300的第二内腔312的直径可在大约0.01至0.1英寸之间,在大约0.02至0.05英寸之间,以及在大约0.03至0.04英寸之间。第二内腔312的直径可以是0.033英寸,公差为0.002英寸。锁定组件300可具有第二长宽比,其定义为第一内腔310的直径除以第二内腔312的直径。锁定组件300的第二长宽比可在大约1至3之间,在大约1.5至2之间。锁定组件300的第二长宽比可以是1.667。第一内腔和第二内腔的中心点可彼此分隔一定的间隔尺寸。该间隔尺寸可在大约0.04至0.07英寸之间,以及在0.05至0.06英寸之间。该间隔尺寸可以是0.053英寸,公差为0.002英寸。
锁定组件300可包括弹性体构件334。弹性体构件334可占据第一凹部314的至少一部分。弹性体构件334具有的外表面336可与锁定组件300的侧壁的至少一部分齐平。第一凹部314可构造成将弹性体构件334保持在锁定组件300内。此外或可替换地,弹性体构件334可占据第二凹部320的至少一部分。第二凹部320可构造成将弹性体构件334保持在锁定组件300内。弹性体构件334可构造成跨越分隔器322。弹性体构件334可具有位于第一凹部314内的第一部分和位于第二凹部320内的第二部分,弹性体构件334的第一部分和第二部分通过弹性体构件334的延伸穿过通孔324的区段连接。
弹性体构件334可构造成提高第二内腔312保持输送导管120的对侧导丝194的能力。例如,弹性体构件334可构造成引入第二内腔312的至少一部分内。锁定组件300可构造成使得弹性体构件334的至少一部分可与插入第二内腔312的细长构件对接。弹性体构件334可与插入第二内腔312的细长构件摩擦配合,从而帮助将细长构件保持在第二内腔312中。以下将讨论弹性体构件334的不同非限制性示例性实施方式。
图14示出了弹性体构件334的示例性实施方式的等距视图。弹性体构件334可包括构造成保持在锁定组件300的第一凹部314内的第一部分340。此外或可替换地,弹性体构件334可包括构造成保持在锁定组件300的第二凹部320内的第二部分342。第一部分340可通过至少一个区段344连接至第二部分342。在图14描绘的非限制性示例性实例中,弹性体构件334可包括通过两个区段344联接至第二部分342的第一部分340,区段344为圆柱形。弹性体构件344可包括具有除圆柱形之外的其它形状的区段344。第二部分342和区段344可构造成提高弹性体构件334在锁定组件300的壳体301内的保持性。第二部分342可在弹性体构件334与锁定组件300的壳体301之间提供机械锁定,从而提高弹性体构件334与壳体301之间的附接强度。
弹性体构件334可包括保持部分346,保持部分构造成保持插入锁定组件300的第二内腔312内的第二细长构件305。保持部分346可限定开口348(例如,通孔、内腔或其它),该开口至少部分地延伸穿过弹性体构件334,例如在弹性体构件334的远侧面350与近侧面352之间,或仅与弹性体构件334的远侧面350连通。当弹性体构件334坐置在锁定组件300的第一凹部314内时,开口348可与锁定组件300的第二内腔312同心。
开口348的端部部分具有的直径356可大于保持部分346的中间部分362的中间直径360。保持部分346的端部部分354可构造成将细长构件引导入保持部分346的中间部分356。保持部分346的端部部分354可包括倾斜壁,该倾斜壁使插入的细长构件集中于保持部分346的中间部分356。
弹性体构件334可包括由曲线表面364限定的通道,该通道与锁定组件300的第一内腔310对准。弹性体构件334的曲线表面364可与锁定组件300的壳体301对接(例如,通过粘合)。锁定组件300的壳体301可与穿过锁定组件300的第一内腔的细长构件对接(例如,通过焊接)
弹性体构件334可包括弯曲部分366。弯曲部分366可构造成提高弹性体构件334与锁定组件300的壳体301之间的粘合性。图14A是图14中描绘的弹性体构件334的俯视图。图14B是图14中描绘的弹性体构件334的偏移后视图,其更详细地示出了弯曲部分366。图14C是图14中描绘的弹性体构件334的前截面图。图14D是图14中描绘的弹性体构件334的偏移前视图。
图15描绘了锁定组件300的示例性实施方式的截面图。弹性体元件334可包括至少部分地与第二内腔312对准的保持部分346。保持部分346可包括具有宽度370的开口348。保持部分346的通道的宽度370可小于第二内腔312的宽度372,从而使得保持部分346的至少一部分侵入第二内腔312。保持部分346可限定部分地与第二内腔312对准的开口348。例如,保持部分346可仅从一侧侵入第二内腔312。在一些构造中,保持部分346可以是杯状,其中杯状保持部分346的嘴部面向锁定组件300的远侧表面302。
如所讨论的那样,在一些实施方式中,保持部分346可包括在弹性体构件334内形成的开口348。弹性体构件334可由弹性材料(例如硅树脂)制成。保持部分346的开口348可拉伸和/或压缩以容纳插入保持部分346的细长构件。保持部分346可构造成与插入保持部分346的开口348内的细长构件形成摩擦配合。保持部分346与细长构件之间的摩擦配合可抵抗细长构件相对于保持部分346向远侧的移动,直至细长构件受到在远端方向上的足够的张力。
图16描绘了包括壳体301'但不包括弹性体构件334'的锁定组件300'的非限制性替代实施方式的截面图。除了不具有构造成接收弹性体构件的凹部部分之外,壳体301'与上述壳体301可基本相似。在本实施方式中,锁定组件300'可包括保持部分346',保持部分可包括第二内腔312'。第二内腔312'可具有均匀截面面积或不均匀截面面积(例如,第二内腔312'的收缩部)。第二内腔312'的远侧部分374'具有的宽度376'可大于第二内腔312的中间部分382'的宽度380'。第二内腔312'可包括近侧部分384',该近侧部分在第二内腔312'的中间部分382'的近侧。近侧部分384'具有的宽度386'可大于中间部分382'的宽度380'。以下将讨论保持部分346'的操作。
图17A和17B示意性地示出了从可用于与具有和不具有弹性体构件的锁定组件(图15和图16中所示)连接的锁定组件300释放导丝的方法。虽然这些附图示出了第二内腔312"具有大体均匀的直径,但该直径可如图16所示地变化。图17A描绘了锁定组件300”的非限制性示例性实施方式,其中对侧导丝194的远侧部分194b(也称作锁定部分)插入锁定组件300”的第二内腔312”内。当对侧导丝194插入锁定组件300”内时,不具有合适的竖直力和/或致动的对侧导丝194总体前进和收回将不会使对侧导丝194从锁定组件300”释放。
对侧导丝194可包括多个区域,其中每一个区域具有不同刚度。例如,对侧导丝194的锁定部分194b的刚度可选择成高于对侧导丝194的近侧部分194a(也称作软区域)的刚度。通过将软区域194a设计成具有低刚度,对侧导丝194的近侧部分194a将具有足够的柔性以避免对周围组织造成损坏。软区域194a的抗拉强度可大于大约1lbf,大于大约2lbf,大于大约6lbf,以及大于大约8lbf。
对侧导丝194的锁定部分194b可从在对接处406”的对侧导丝194的松软区域194a延伸。锁定部分194b的长度410”可从不同长度中选择。在一些实施方式中,锁定部分194b”的长度可在大约0.3至0.8厘米之间。此外或可替换地,锁定部分194b插入第二内腔312”的深度可调整。对侧导丝194和锁定组件300”可被定制,使得对接处406”可位于锁定组件300”的远侧面302”的远侧、近侧或与其共面。
使用期间,使用者可拉紧对侧导丝194,在对侧导丝194中形成张力412”,从而使对侧导丝194在近侧方向上弯曲,如图17A所图示。此外或可替换地,使用者可推动对侧导丝194,使得产生使对侧导丝194在远端方向上弯折的压缩力414”,从而将锁定部分194b推动入保持部分346”内。锁定组件300”可包括突出物332”,当对侧线丝194在近侧方向上弯曲返回时,该突出物会消除对侧导丝194的应变。对接处406”相对于锁定组件300”的远侧面302”的位置可选择成使得当张力412”拉紧对接处406”时,对侧导丝194的锁定部分194b保持抵靠保持部分346”的侧表面416”,从而防止对侧导丝与锁定组件300”断开耦接。锁定部分194b与侧表面416”之间的空隙还可以选择成进一步限定使对侧导丝194与锁定组件300”断开耦接所需的张力412”。锁定组件300”可构造成当以与对侧导丝194的锁定部分194b成小于或等于大约60度的角度和/或与对侧导丝194"的锁定部分194b"成至少大约45度的角度在对侧导丝194的中间部分上施加力时,释放对侧导丝194的锁定部分194b。
图17B示出了锁定组件300”的示意性实施方式,锁定组件300”构造成当释放构件311(例如,猪尾状导管)与锁定组件300”接触并施加竖直力以将对侧导丝194的锁定部分194b拉出保持部分346”时,释放对侧导丝194。在图17B中描绘的非限制性示例性锁定组件300”中,释放构件311可为构造成放置于对侧导丝194之上的释放鞘。释放构件311可沿周向完全围绕对侧导丝194,或释放构件311可沿周向仅部分地围绕对侧导丝194。释放构件311可由多个区段构成。这些区段可彼此相同或不同。部分、所有或无区段可沿周向完全围绕对侧导丝194,而部分、所有或无其它区段仅部分地围绕对侧导丝194。这些区段可由一个或多个铰接点彼此分离。铰接点可构造成允许区段相对于彼此弯曲、挠曲或枢转。
可通过使释放构件311的远端在对侧导丝194的近端上方经过而在对侧入路部位引入释放构件311。可使释放鞘420”在对侧导丝194上前进,直至释放构件311的远侧面与锁定组件300”的远侧面302”接合。释放构件311的远侧面的外径可选择成使得远侧面邻接抵靠锁定组件300”的远侧面302”。当使用者对释放构件311和对侧导丝194施加压缩力414”时,释放构件311在远端方向上弯折。当释放构件311在远端方向上弯折(成环、形成U形或其它方式弯曲)时,对侧导丝194的从锁定组件300”的保持构件346”向远侧延伸的部分对准成与锁定组件300”的远侧面302”基本垂直。现在使用者可对对侧导丝194施加张力412”。一旦对侧导丝194的向远侧延伸部分与保持构件346”纵向对准,对侧导丝194就从保持构件346”释放。锁定组件300”可构造成保持对侧导丝194,直至在对侧导丝194上施加至少0.1lbf(或至少大约0.5lbf、至少大约1.0lbf,或其它大小)的竖直力。
可通过本公开范围内的替代实施方式实现将对侧导丝194可逆地耦接至锁定组件300。例如,图17A至图17B中描绘的锁定组件300”可包括弹性体构件334,如以上所讨论。此外或可替换地,锁定组件300可包括图18A至图18R中描绘的替代实施方式中描绘的任何特征。
图18A描绘了通过将对侧导丝194的锁定部分194b卷绕在移植物50的主分支部分52上而保持对侧导丝194的锁定部分194b的实施方式。锁定部分194b可通过如上述的鞘(未示出)固定至主分支部分52的外表面,该鞘通过上述的缝合线(未示出)展开以用于展开移植物50的主分支部分52。锁定部分194b在直径、长度和/或刚性上可大于对侧导丝194的剩余部分。固定锁定部分194b的鞘可以是主分支鞘186或不同于主分支鞘186的鞘。
图18B描绘了可具有构造成保持对侧导丝194的锁定部分194b的轨道428的锁定组件300的实施方式。锁定部分194b可大于和/或其刚性可强于对侧导丝194的剩余部分以帮助将锁定部分194b保持在轨道428内。轨道428可以是开面通道,其具有可变宽度使得当在对侧导丝194上施加张力时,锁定部分194b被向上拉入轨道428的颈缩区域内,从而约束锁定部分194b防止其脱离轨道428。此外或可替换地,轨道428的区域可以是具有扩大区域的开面通道,在扩大区域处,轨道428的宽度大于锁定部分194b的宽度。使用者可通过使对侧导丝194的锁定部分194b前进直至锁定部分194b与轨道428的扩大区域对准而使对侧导丝194离开锁定组件300,从而允许锁定部分194b脱离轨道428。
图18C描绘了具有保持线丝430的锁定组件300的实施方式。保持线丝430可构造成使对侧导丝194保持抵靠锁定组件300的远侧面302,从而将锁定部分194b保持在锁定组件300的保持部分346内。保持部分346可以是位于锁定组件300的壳体301的侧面的槽。保持部分346可以是被壳体301包围的袋432。槽或袋432的宽度可变化,如上所述。保持线丝430可构造成能从锁定组件300抽出,从而允许锁定部分194b有可能从袋432中释放出来。
图18D描绘了具有夹具434的锁定组件300的实施方式。夹具434的顶部部分436受弹簧440拉动而抵靠夹具434的底部部分438,该弹簧通过张力元件442连接至顶部部分436。对侧导丝194可由于被压缩在夹具434的顶部部分436与底部部分438之间而耦接至锁定组件300。使用者可启动触发器444来压缩弹簧440缩短张力元件,从而减小夹具434的顶部部分436与底部部分438之间的压缩力并允许对侧导丝194与锁定组件300断开耦接。在其它实施方式中,可通过移动触发器444或通过释放弹簧440上的张力来释放弹簧440的张力。
图18E描绘了具有鸭嘴阀446的锁定组件300的实施方式。鸭嘴阀446可构造成将锁定部分194b保持在对侧导丝194的远端。锁定部分194b可大于和/或其刚性可强于对侧导丝194的剩余部分。使用者可通过使对侧导丝194前进以允许锁定部分194b脱离鸭嘴阀446而使对侧导丝194与锁定组件300断开耦接。
图18F描绘了构造成保持附接至对侧导丝194的珠状件448的锁定组件300的实施方式。珠状件448可与对侧导丝194对接(例如,通过粘合)。如图18F所示,珠状件448可坐置于具有窄近侧部分和较宽远侧部分的通道445内。通道445的窄近侧部分可构造成防止珠状件448被向近侧拉动穿过通道。通道的较宽部分可具有悬突部447,该悬突部可构造成防止珠状件448离开通道445,除非将珠状件448向远侧前进得远至足以摆脱悬突部447。
图18G描绘了具有可位于移植物50的主分支部分52内的塑料保持构件390(例如,软翼)的锁定组件300的实施方式。塑料保持构件390可与中心管170对接(例如,通过摩擦、压配合、模制、粘附、热粘合、机械锁定或其它固定方式)。对侧导丝194可向远侧延伸通过移植物50,越过或穿过壳体构件,并向近侧弯曲返回移植物50在塑料保持构件390处终止。对侧导丝194的锁定部分194b可构造成由塑料保持构件390保持,如以上在图18B中所述。
图18H描绘了具有包裹物450的锁定组件300的实施方式。包裹物450可包围锁定组件300的壳体301的至少一部分。包裹物450可构造成将对侧导丝194的锁定部分194b限制于在壳体301的侧面形成的通道452内。可通过控制缝合线454移除包裹物450,从而允许锁定部分194b脱离通道452。
图18I描绘了具有刚性鞘456的锁定组件300的实施方式。刚性鞘456可构造成将对侧导丝194压靠在抵接部458上,从而将对侧导丝194锁定至锁定组件300。可通过向近侧抽出刚性鞘456或向远侧推进抵接部458使对侧导丝194与锁定组件300断开耦接。附接至抵接部458的控制杆可允许使用者将抵接部458向远侧前进。锁定部分194b可大于和/或其刚性可强于对侧导丝194的剩余部分。
图18J描绘了具有弯曲槽462的锁定组件300的实施方式。弯曲槽462可以是S形、U形、正弦曲线、Z字形或其组合。弯曲槽462可形成在上述锁定组件300的壳体301的外表面上。对侧导丝194可包括锁定部分194b,该锁定部分的宽度或长度防止锁定部分194b被拉动穿过弯曲槽462。锁定组件300可构造成使得当对侧导丝194向远侧前进时,对侧导丝194的锁定部分194b可从壳体301剥离,从而使对侧导丝194离开锁定组件。此外或可替换地,锁定组件300可构造成使得释放构件311在对侧导丝194上前进以帮助使对侧导丝194离开锁定组件300。
图18K描绘了具有对侧分支鞘190的延伸部464的锁定组件300的实施方式。延伸部464可卷绕在锁定组件300的一部分周围,从而将对侧导丝194的锁定部分194b保持在锁定组件300的袋432内。缝合线可使延伸部464保存封闭。缝合线可耦接至对侧分支鞘190。缝合线可构造成当向近侧抽出对侧分支鞘190时将延伸部464与壳体301分离,从而使对侧导丝194的锁定部分194b离开锁定组件300。
图18L描绘了具有延伸到移植物50的同侧分支部分54内的对侧导丝194的锁定组件300的实施方式。同侧肢体夹紧、压缩或以其它方式提供摩擦,使得当导丝无意中前进时不会从导管断开,直至同侧分支部分展开。对侧导丝194可延伸穿过珠状件448。珠状件448可构造成保持在锁定组件300的壳体301的侧面或穿过壳体301形成的通道452内,如上所述。
图18M描绘了具有对侧导丝194的折叠部分194c的锁定组件300的实施方式,其中该折叠部分折叠到移植物50的同侧分支部分54上。通过同侧分支鞘188可使折叠部分194c保存抵靠同侧分支部分54的外表面。然后,收回同侧分支鞘188可使折叠部分194c离开,从而允许将对侧导丝194从锁定组件300移除。
图18N描绘了具有同侧锁定构件468的锁定组件300的实施方式。同侧锁定构件468可包括通道452,该通道构造成保持耦接至对侧导丝194的锁定部分194b或珠状件448,如以上讨论的那样。
图18O描绘了具有弯曲通道470的锁定组件300的实施方式。弯曲通道470可构造成使得对侧导丝194的锁定部分194b不能通行穿过弯曲通道470。可通过锁定部分194b向近侧前进使其穿过弯曲通道470而使对侧导丝194的锁定部分194b与锁定组件300断开耦接。
图18P描绘了具有位于对侧导丝194的锁定部分194b处的球形零件472的锁定组件300的实施方式。球形零件472可构造成其功能与以上在图18F中描述的珠状件448相似。球形零件472可构造成过大而无法从近侧穿过锁定组件300的通道。球形零件可构造成使得当球形零件向远侧前进进时,锁定部分194b可离开锁定组件,从而允许对侧导丝194从锁定组件300上的通道剥离。
图18Q描绘了具有分段锁定通道474的锁定组件300的实施方式。分段锁定通道474可包括多个区段476a、476b,每个区段均具有形成于区段476a、476b表面上的槽475。区段476a、476b可通过耦接构件478联接在一起。对侧导丝194可通行穿过分段锁定通道474。对侧导丝194的锁定部分194b可保持在形成于多个区段476a、476b的区段476b的其中之一上的袋432内。
图18R描绘了具有磁性部件480的锁定组件300的实施方式。磁性部件480可放置在形成于锁定组件300的壳体301上的袋432内。对侧导丝194的锁定部分194b可包括磁性材料,该磁性材料使得锁定部分194b被磁性地吸引至磁性构件180,从而抵抗施加于对侧导丝的向上的力412,防止对侧导丝194的锁定部分194b与锁定组件300断开耦接。
图19描绘了对侧导丝194的非限制性示例性实施方式。对侧导丝194可构造成包括联接在一起的多个区域。对侧导丝194可具有第一端194f和第二端194g。对侧导丝的多个区域的串联布置可根据使用者的需要改变。图19中所示的对侧导丝194的区域的串联布置仅是说明性的,而不应理解为具有限制性。对侧导丝194可包括丝芯收缩管,其由合适的材料(例如,PTFE)、粘合剂、含铂合金及其组合制成。铂合金可包含90%的铂和10%的镭,或92%的铂和8%的钨。
对侧导丝194可包括远侧线圈,该远侧线圈由含铂的线丝制成,例如包含至少大约90%的铂、至少大约92%的铂、至少大约95%的铂,或至少大约99%的铂。在一些实施方式中,对侧导丝194可由大约92%的铂和8%的钨构造而成。远侧线圈可由外径为0.003英寸的线丝制成。远侧线圈的节距可为0.003英寸。远侧线圈的线圈外径可为0.025英寸。远侧线圈的长度可为8.0厘米,公差为0.3厘米。
对侧导丝194可包括近侧线圈,该近侧线圈由包含92%的铂和8%的钨的线丝制成。近侧线圈可由外径为0.003英寸的线丝制成。近侧线圈的节距可为0.003英寸。近侧线圈的线圈外径可为0.025英寸。近侧线圈的长度可为15.0厘米,公差为0.3厘米。
对侧导丝194的第一区域194h(在图19中表示为具有直径P)的直径可为0.0160英寸,公差为0.0002英寸。第一区域194h的长度可为0.3厘米,公差为0.1厘米。对侧导丝194的第二区域194i(在图19中表示为具有直径R)的直径小于第一区域194h的直径,例如小于或等于第一区域194h的直径的一半。例如,第二区域194i的直径可为大约0.0080英寸,公差为0.0002英寸。第二区域194i可长于第一区域194h。例如,第二区域194i的长度可为10.4厘米,公差为0.1厘米。对侧导丝194的第三区域194j(在图19中表示为具有直径V)的直径可大于第一区域194h和第二区域194i的直径。例如,第三区域194j的直径可为大约0.0174英寸,公差为0.0002英寸。第三区域194j可长于第一区域194h和/或短于第二区域194i。例如,第三区域194j的长度可为1.0厘米,公差为0.1厘米。对侧导丝194的第四区域194k(在图19中表示为具有直径K)的直径可大于第一区域194h、第二区域194i和第三区域194j的直径。例如,第四区域194k的直径可为大约0.0300英寸,公差为0.0003英寸。对侧导丝194的第五区域194l(在图19中表示为具有直径H)的直径可小于第四区域194k的直径,但大于第一区域194h、第二区域194i和第三区域194j的直径。例如,第五区域194l的直径可为大约0.0210英寸,公差为0.0002英寸。第五区域194l可大于前述区域194h、194i、194j、194k中的每一个。例如,第五区域194l的长度可为40.8厘米,公差为0.5厘米。对侧导丝194的第六区域194m(在图19中表示为具有直径U)的直径可与第三区域194j的直径大约相同。例如,第六区域194m的直径可为大约0.0174英寸,公差为0.0002英寸。第六区域194m可较短且其长度可为0.8厘米,公差为0.1厘米。对侧导丝194的第七区域194n(在图19中表示为具有直径B)的直径可与第二区域194i的直径大约相同。第七区域194n的直径可以提供对侧导丝194的所有直径中的最小直径。例如,第七区域194n的直径可为大约0.0080英寸,公差为0.0002英寸。第七区域的长度可为5.2厘米,公差为0.1厘米。对侧导丝194的第八区域194o(在图19中表示为具有直径G)的直径可与第一区域194h的直径大约相同。例如,第八区域194o的直径可为大约0.0160英寸,公差为0.0002英寸。第八区域194o的长度可为0.5厘米,公差为0.1厘米。对侧导丝194可包括过渡区域,该过渡区域使对侧导丝194的直径变化变得和缓。过渡区域可具有形成在对侧导丝194的纵轴线与过渡区域的外壁之间的锥角。过渡区域的锥角可在10至60度之间。
术语
虽然上述详细描述已示出、描述并指出了应用于各种实施方式的新颖特征,但应理解在不背离本公开的精神的情况下,可对图示的装置或过程的形式和细节或算法进行各种省略、替换和改变。此外,上述各种特征和过程可彼此独立地使用,或可以各种方式组合使用。所有可能的组合和子组合均旨在落入本公开的范围。
将认识到,由于可独立于其它特征来使用或实践某些特征,因此可在并不提供本文所述的所有特和益处的形式内体现本文描述的某些实施方式。本发明的范围由所附权利要求而非以上描述限定。所有属于权利要求等同物的含义和范围内的变化均包含在权利要求的范围内。例如,虽然就在腹主动脉内展开分叉支架对输送系统进行了描述,但还可设想该输送系统可用于将具有主要部分和至少一个分支部分的假体,或可替换地仅具有直主分支部分的假体输送至其它血管内分支血管(例如,胸主动脉和心脏动脉),并使导丝穿过扩张假体定位。
术语“导丝”应广义地理解,除了本领域的普通技术人员已知的普通和惯用意义之外,其还包括任何细长构件。虽然本公开描述了用于将导丝可逆地耦接至输送系统的锁定组件,但该锁定组件还可用于将任何细长结构可逆地耦接至输送系统、导管等。
本文使用的相关术语“近侧”和“远侧”应从输送系统的角度定义。因此,近侧是指输送系统的控制端的方向,而远侧是指远侧尖端的方向。
应注意,术语“第一”和“第二”分支部分可可互换使用,且指人体内的任何分支血管,包括但不限于同侧血管、对侧血管、桡骨血管和锁骨下血管。因此,在一些实施方式中,“第一”分支部分可指任何分支部分,包括但不限于上述血管。类似地,“第二”分支部分可指任何分支部分,包括但不限于下述血管。
除非另外明确陈述,或另外在上下文中如使用的那样理解,否则条件性语言,例如“可(can)”、“可(could)”、“可能(might)”或“可能(may)”通常用于传达某些实施方式包括,而其它实施方式不包括某些特征、元件和/或步骤。因此,这种条件性语言一般并非用于暗示一个或多个实施方式无论如何都需要那些特征、元件和/或步骤。
术语“包括”、“包含”、“具有”等是同义词,且以具有包含性的开放方式使用,因此不排除其它元件、特征、动作、操作等。此外,术语“或”以其包含性含义(而非以排它性含义)使用,因此在使用时,例如用于连接一列元件时,术语“或”意指该列中的一个、一些或所有元件。
本文使用的术语“约”、“大约”、“大体上”和“基本”表示接近规定量但仍执行所期望的功能或实现所期望的结果的量。例如,术语“约”、“大约”和“基本”可指在小于规定量的10%以内的量。再如,在某些实施方式中,术语“基本平行”是指偏离准确平行小于或等于15度的值、量或特征。
本文公开的范围还包含任何以及所有重叠、子范围及其组合。诸如“至”、“至少”、“大于”、“小于”、“之间”等措辞都包括列举的数字。前面有诸如“大约”或“约”等术语修饰的数字包括所列举的数字。例如,“约2英寸”包括“2英寸”。
已结合附图描述了一些实施方式。然而,应理解这些附图未按比例绘制。距离、角度等仅是说明性的,并不一定表示与所图示装置的实际尺寸和布局具有精确关系。可添加、移除和/或重新布置组件。进一步地,具有与各种实施方式有关的任何独特特性、方面、方法、性能、特征、质量、属性、元件等的本公开内容可用于本文阐述的所有其它实施方式。此外,应认识到,本文描述的任何方法可使用适于执行所列举的步骤的任何装置来实践。
为了本公开的目的,本文描述了某些方面、优点和新颖特性。应理解,根据任何特定实施方式不一定会实现所有这种优点。因此,例如,本领域中的技术人员将认识到,本公开可以实现本文示教的一个优点或一组优点的方式体现或执行,而不一定要实现本文示教或建议的其它优点。
此外,虽然本文已描述了说明性实施方式,但本发明包括具有本领域的技术人员基于本公开将理解的等效元件、修改、省略、组合(例如,跨越各个实施方式的方面)、改型和/或改变的任何以及所有实施方式。权利要求中的限制应根据权利要求中使用的措辞作广义解释而不限于本说明书中或本申请实行期间所描述的实例,这些实例应解释为非排除性的。进一步地,可以任何方式修改公开的过程和方法的动作,包括重新排列动作和/或插入额外动作和/或删除动作。因此,应认为说明书和实例仅仅是示例性的,本发明的真正范围和精神由所附权利要求及其等同物的全部范围来表示。
本文公开的任何方法无需以所列举的顺序执行。本文公开的方法包括医师采取的某些动作;然而,这些方法还可包括对那些动作的任何明示或暗示的第三方指令。例如,诸如“从锁定构造释放输送系统”的动作包括“命令从锁定构造释放输送系统”。
示例性实施例
以下实例实施方式确定了本文公开的特征组合的一些可能排列,但特征组合的其它排列也是可能的。
1.一种用于将第一细长结构能拆卸地耦接至第二细长结构的锁定组件,该锁定组件包括:
壳体,包括近端、远端和侧壁部分;
第一内腔,从壳体的近端延伸至壳体的远端并沿着锁定组件的纵轴线延伸,第一内腔构造成接收第一细长结构;
第二内腔,从壳体的远端延伸,第二内腔的直径小于第一内腔的直径,第二内腔构造成接收第二细长结构;以及
凹部部分,至少部分地延伸通过壳体,凹部部分包括位于壳体的所述侧壁部分中的至少一个开口。
2.根据实施方式1所述的锁定组件,还包括位于凹部部分中的弹性体构件,弹性体构件构造成当第二细长结构延伸通过第二内腔时保持第二细长结构。
3.根据实施方式2所述的锁定组件,其中,弹性体构件的外表面的至少一部分与壳体的侧壁部分的外表面基本齐平。
4.根据实施方式2或3所述的锁定组件,其中,弹性体构件包括至少部分地与第二内腔对准的开口。
5.根据实施方式4所述的锁定组件,其中,开口的直径小于第二内腔的直径。
6.根据实施方式2至5中的任一项所述的锁定组件,其中,弹性体构件包括硅树脂。
7.根据前述实施方式中任一项所述的锁定组件,其中,壳体的近侧部分呈锥形。
8.根据前述实施方式中任一项所述的锁定组件,还包括沿着壳体远侧部分的外周缘的至少一部分延伸的突出部分。
9.根据实施方式8所述的锁定组件,其中,第二内腔定位在第一内腔与突出部分之间。
10.根据前述实施方式中任一项所述的锁定组件,其中,第二内腔包括近侧部分、远侧部分和处于近侧部分与远侧部分之间的中间部分,中间部分的直径小于近侧部分和远侧部分的直径。
11.一种用于将对侧导丝耦接至同侧导管的锁定组件,锁定组件包括:
锚固部分,构造成接合同侧导管;以及
互锁部分,构造成当对侧导丝前进或收回时保持对侧导丝的远侧部分,除非在对侧导丝上施加至少0.1lbf的竖直力。
12.根据实施方式11所述的锁定组件,其中,互锁部分包括内腔,内腔成形为当对侧导丝被收回时保持对侧导丝。
13.根据实施方式12所述的锁定组件,其中,内腔包括远侧部分、近侧部分和处于远侧部分与近侧部分之间的中间部分,中间部分的直径小于远侧部分和近侧部分的直径。
14.根据实施方式11至13中的任一项所述的锁定组件,还包括构造成当导丝前进时摩擦地保持导丝的保持构件。
15.根据实施方式14所述的锁定组件,其中,保持构件包括弹性体材料。
16.根据实施方式14或15所述的锁定组件,其中,保持构件包括构造成接收对侧导丝的开口。
17.根据实施方式11至16中任一项所述的锁定组件,其中,互锁部分构造成当以与互锁部分中的导丝的远侧部分呈小于或等于大约60度的角度在对侧导丝的中间部分上施加力时释放对侧导丝。
18.一种用于将第一细长构件可逆地固定至第二细长构件的系统,该系统包括:
第一细长构件;
第二细长构件,包括近侧部分和远侧部分;以及
锁定组件,固定至第一细长构件,锁定组件包括:
壳体,包括近端和远端;
内腔,从壳体的远端延伸并延伸通过壳体的至少一部分,第二内腔构造成从锁定组件的远侧接收第二细长构件;
凹部部分,至少部分地延伸通过壳体;以及
弹性体构件,位于凹部部分中,弹性体构件构造成当第二细长构件延伸通过第二内腔时保持第二细长构件的远侧部分。
19.根据实施方式18所述的系统,其中,第二细长构件包括第一区域和第二区域,第一区域具有第一刚度,第二区域具有第二刚度,第一刚度大于第二刚度。
20.根据实施方式19所述的系统,其中,第一区域在第二区域远侧。
21.根据实施方式19所述的系统,其中,第一区域在第二细长构件的远端处。
22.根据实施方式18或19所述的系统,还包括鞘,鞘构造成沿第二细长构件前进并使第二细长构件与凹部部分分离。
23.根据实施方式18至22所述的系统,其中,第二细长构件为导丝。
24.根据实施方式18至23中的任一项所述的系统,其中,第一细长构件为导管。
25.根据实施方式18至24中任一项所述的系统,其中,第二内腔包括近侧部分、远侧部分和处于近侧部分与远侧部分之间的中间部分,中间部分的直径小于远侧部分和近侧部分的直径。
26.根据实施方式18至25中任一项所述的系统,其中,凹部部分包括位于壳体的侧壁上的至少一个开口。
27.根据实施方式18至26中任一项所述的系统,其中,弹性体构件包括至少部分地与第二内腔对准的开口。
28.根据实施方式27所述的锁定组件,其中,开口的直径小于第二内腔的直径。
29.根据实施方式18至28中任一项所述的锁定组件,其中,弹性体构件包括硅树脂。
30.根据实施方式18至29中任一项所述的锁定组件,还包括沿着壳体的远侧部分的外周缘的至少一部分延伸的突出部分。
31.一种用于从同侧导管释放对侧导丝的方法,该方法包括:
使处于锁定构造的输送系统前进,输送系统包括固定至同侧导管的锁定组件,锁定组件包括互锁部分,互锁部分构造成当输送系统处于锁定构造时保持导丝,导丝的远端从锁定组件的远侧被引入互锁部分中,使得当输送系统处于锁定构造时导丝包括弯曲部,弯曲部定位在导丝的近侧部分与导丝的远侧部分之间;以及
通过使释放导管沿着导丝前进而将输送系统从锁定构造释放为解锁构造。
32.根据实施方式31所述的方法,其中,在锁定构造中,互锁部分构造成当导丝被收回时保持导丝。
33.根据实施方式31或32所述的方法,其中,在使释放导管前进之前,互锁部分构造成当导丝前进时保持导丝。
34.根据实施方式31至33中任一项所述的方法,其中,释放输送系统包括以与锁定组件的纵轴线呈小于或等于大约60度的角度对导丝施加力。

Claims (29)

1.一种用于将第一细长结构能拆卸地耦接至第二细长结构的锁定组件,所述锁定组件包括:
壳体,包括近端、远端和侧壁部分;
第一内腔,从所述壳体的所述近端延伸至所述壳体的所述远端并沿着所述锁定组件的纵轴线延伸,所述第一内腔构造成接收所述第一细长结构;
第二内腔,从所述壳体的所述远端延伸,所述第二内腔的直径小于所述第一内腔的直径,所述第二内腔构造成接收所述第二细长结构;以及
凹部部分,至少部分地延伸通过所述壳体,所述凹部部分包括位于所述壳体的所述侧壁部分中的至少一个开口。
2.根据权利要求1所述的锁定组件,还包括位于所述凹部部分中的弹性体构件,所述弹性体构件构造成当第二细长结构延伸通过所述第二内腔时保持所述第二细长结构。
3.根据权利要求2所述的锁定组件,其中,所述弹性体构件的外表面的至少一部分与所述壳体的所述侧壁部分的外表面基本齐平。
4.根据权利要求2所述的锁定组件,其中,所述弹性体构件包括至少部分地与所述第二内腔对准的开口。
5.根据权利要求4所述的锁定组件,其中,所述弹性体构件的所述开口的直径小于所述第二内腔的直径。
6.根据权利要求2所述的锁定组件,其中,所述弹性体构件包括硅树脂。
7.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的锁定组件,其中,所述壳体的近侧部分呈锥形。
8.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的锁定组件,还包括沿着所述壳体的远侧部分的外周缘的至少一部分延伸的突出部分。
9.根据权利要求8所述的锁定组件,其中,所述第二内腔定位在所述第一内腔与所述突出部分之间。
10.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的锁定组件,其中,所述第二内腔包括近侧部分、远侧部分和处于所述近侧部分与所述远侧部分之间的中间部分,所述中间部分的直径小于所述近侧部分和所述远侧部分的直径。
11.一种用于将对侧导丝耦接至同侧导管的锁定组件,所述锁定组件包括:
锚固部分,构造成接合所述同侧导管;以及
互锁部分,构造成当所述对侧导丝前进或收回时保持所述对侧导丝的远侧部分,除非在所述对侧导丝上施加有至少0.1lbf的竖直力,
其中,所述互锁部分包括内腔,所述内腔成形为当所述对侧导丝被收回时保持所述对侧导丝。
12.根据权利要求11所述的锁定组件,其中,所述内腔包括远侧部分、近侧部分和处于所述远侧部分与所述近侧部分之间的中间部分,所述中间部分的直径小于所述远侧部分的直径和所述近侧部分的直径。
13.根据权利要求11或12所述的锁定组件,还包括构造成当所述导丝前进时摩擦地保持所述导丝的保持构件。
14.根据权利要求13所述的锁定组件,其中,所述保持构件包括弹性体材料。
15.根据权利要求13所述的锁定组件,其中,所述保持构件包括构造成接收所述对侧导丝的开口。
16.根据权利要求11或12所述的锁定组件,其中,所述互锁部分构造成当以与所述互锁部分中的所述导丝的所述远侧部分呈小于或等于60度的角度在所述对侧导丝的中间部分上施加有力时释放所述对侧导丝。
17.一种用于将第一细长构件可逆地固定至第二细长构件的系统,所述系统包括:
第一细长构件;
第二细长构件,包括近侧部分和远侧部分;以及
锁定组件,固定至所述第一细长构件,所述锁定组件包括:
壳体,包括近端和远端;
内腔,从所述壳体的所述远端延伸并延伸通过所述壳体的至少一部分,所述内腔构造成从所述锁定组件的远侧接收所述第二细长构件;
凹部部分,至少部分地延伸通过所述壳体;以及
弹性体构件,位于所述凹部部分中,所述弹性体构件构造成当所述第二细长构件延伸通过所述内腔时保持所述第二细长构件的所述远侧部分。
18.根据权利要求17所述的系统,其中,所述第二细长构件包括第一区域和第二区域,所述第一区域具有第一刚度,所述第二区域具有第二刚度,所述第一刚度大于所述第二刚度。
19.根据权利要求18所述的系统,其中,所述第一区域在所述第二区域远侧。
20.根据权利要求18所述的系统,其中,所述第一区域在所述第二细长构件的远端处。
21.根据权利要求17或18所述的系统,还包括鞘,所述鞘构造成沿所述第二细长构件前进并使所述第二细长构件与所述凹部部分分离。
22.根据权利要求17至20中任一项所述的系统,其中,所述第二细长构件为导丝。
23.根据权利要求17至20中任一项所述的系统,其中,所述第一细长构件为导管。
24.根据权利要求17至20中任一项所述的系统,其中,所述内腔包括近侧部分、远侧部分和处于所述近侧部分与所述远侧部分之间的中间部分,所述中间部分的直径小于所述远侧部分的直径和所述近侧部分的直径。
25.根据权利要求17至20中任一项所述的系统,其中,所述凹部部分包括位于所述壳体的侧壁上的至少一个开口。
26.根据权利要求17至20中任一项所述的系统,其中,所述弹性体构件包括至少部分地与所述内腔对准的开口。
27.根据权利要求26所述的系统,其中,所述开口的直径小于所述内腔的直径。
28.根据权利要求17至20中任一项所述的系统,其中,所述弹性体构件包括硅树脂。
29.根据权利要求17至20中任一项所述的系统,还包括沿着所述壳体的远侧部分的外周缘的至少一部分延伸的突出部分。
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