CN107593307B - Method for promoting rapid growth of snow lotus herb by using LED lamp - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for promoting the rapid growth of snow lotus herb by using an LED lamp. The snow lotus seeds with excellent quality are sown after scalding, soaking, airing and accelerating germination, and red LED pulse light irradiation with different intensities is applied in the seedling stage, the growth stage and the flowering stage to promote the rapid growth of the snow lotus. The light emitting wavelength of the red LED pulse light is 620nm-660nm, and the period is 60-80 mu s. The method adopts red LED light to irradiate herba Saussureae Involueratae, overcomes the defect of long growth cycle, and can grow rapidly, and has the advantages of low cost, obvious effect, and good application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plant cultivation, in particular to a method for improving the growth speed of snow lotus herb, and particularly relates to a method for promoting the rapid growth of snow lotus herb by using an LED lamp.
Background
The snow lotus herb is mainly distributed in Tibet, Sichuan, Gansu and Xinjiang places in China, and is also divided into saussurea involucrata, Tibet saussurea involucrata, Xinjiang saussurea involucrata, jellyfish saussurea involucrata, hairy saussurea involucrata and other varieties due to different growing regions. Wherein three Sinkiang saussurea involucrate strains with the characteristics are 15 cm-20 cm high and 10 cm-20 cm in flower diameter. The flowers are light yellow green, the brown-purple inflorescence is very beautiful, and the flowers are outstanding in the snow lotus flowers, but have slight toxicity. In addition, the height of the Tibet saussurea involucrate is 15-25 cm, the diameter of the flower is 4-10 cm, the whole plant is closely covered by white cotton wool, the flower is white, and the inflorescence is covered in the white cotton wool, so that the Tibet saussurea involucrate has high medicinal value and no toxic or side effect. Because of the wide medicinal use of saussurea involucrate, the wild saussurea involucrate is gradually dug, and the saussurea involucrate is listed as the first-class national protection plant at present, so the development of artificial cultivation of saussurea involucrate is urgent.
According to the growth habit of saussurea involucrate, the following problems need to be noticed when cultivating saussurea involucrate: the growth temperature is 5-25 ℃, the temperature in summer is more than 25 ℃ and the semi-dormancy starts, and the temperature in winter is less than 5 ℃ and the semi-dormancy basically; the medium can be peat, perlite and pumice which are mixed according to the proportion of 1.5:1:3, or the medium can be replaced by leaf mold, perlite and coal cinder; in the aspect of watering, the saussurea involucrate is of echeveria, is generally watered thoroughly after being put into a pot, is placed in a ventilated place to wait for new roots to grow, is watered according to the principle of thorough watering in the growing season, is not watered on leaves, is attractive, and is slightly watered after the temperature is lower than 5 ℃ in winter; in the aspect of illumination, the sun is properly shaded for maintenance in summer, and the sun can be fully exposed to the sun in spring, autumn and winter by utilizing scattered light.
The quality and intensity of illumination are one of the most important factors influencing the growth of plants, and the illumination not only provides radiant energy for photosynthesis of the plants, but also provides signal transduction for the plants and regulates the development process of the plants. The plant is always in a constantly changing light environment throughout its life cycle, and in long-term evolution, the plant not only adapts to the change of the light environment, but also can influence each other to change the surrounding light environment. The LED has the advantages of small volume, light weight, long service life, adjustable light intensity and the like, so that the LED becomes one of important light sources for regulating and controlling the plant luminous environment, and has obvious advantages in the aspects of saving energy and promoting plant growth.
Chinese patent application No. 201310721782.3 discloses a method for controlling chrysanthemum flower bud differentiation by using an LED light source, which comprises the steps of installing an LED irradiation unit according to the cultivation area per square meter to irradiate chrysanthemum before the chrysanthemum flower bud differentiation starts, irradiating for a plurality of hours every night, and stopping irradiation 40-45 days before the planned harvest date of the chrysanthemum; the irradiation unit is 1 irradiation unit formed by combining three LED lamps of blue light, red light A and red light B according to the proportion of the number of the lamps of blue light, red light A and red light B which is 3: 6, and the three LED lamps in each irradiation unit are evenly distributed on the same plane.
The Chinese patent application No. 201110145296.2 discloses a method for promoting plant growth by using an LED light source, which can play a good role in promoting plant growth in the whole process of plant growth, wherein the plant is irradiated by the LED light source which can emit red light and blue light and can emit mixed light with adjustable proportion of the red light and the blue light to promote the plant growth; wherein, the wavelength of the red light is between 610 and 720 nanometers, and the wavelength of the blue light is between 400 and 500 nanometers.
The Chinese patent application No. 201410649851.9 discloses a method for promoting rooting of butterfly orchid tissue culture seedlings by using an LED light source, which specifically comprises the following steps: using a phalaenopsis pedicel as an explant, and performing induced culture to obtain cluster buds; carrying out propagation culture on the obtained cluster buds, dividing the cluster buds obtained by propagation into single buds and inoculating the single buds to a rooting culture medium; and (3) placing the cluster buds inoculated into the rooting culture medium under mixed light consisting of three monochromatic lights of red light, blue light and far-red light to culture and root.
The Chinese patent application No. 201510632269.6 discloses a method for promoting tobacco seedling by using an LED plant growth light source, wherein a red light-emitting fluorescent powder and a blue light chip are combined to prepare a fluorescent powder excitation type LED plant growth light source, the fluorescent powder is an aluminate substrate, a vanadate substrate or a nitride substrate, the fluorescent powder can be effectively excited in the wavelength range of 440-470nm and can be obviously emitted in the wavelength range of 600-660 nm.
According to the above, in the existing scheme, natural light is not suitable for rapid growth of plants (including snow lotus), and unreasonable illumination time, illumination color, illumination intensity and the like cause abnormal problems of snow lotus such as differentiation, budding, development and photosynthesis growth when LED light supplement is adopted, and meanwhile, no LED or the like is used for promoting snow lotus growth temporarily.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for promoting the rapid growth of snow lotus flowers by using an LED lamp, aiming at the problems that natural light is not suitable for the rapid growth of snow lotus flowers when the plant is widely applied at present, and the snow lotus flowers are differentiated, bud, developed and grow under photosynthesis due to unreasonable illumination time, illumination color, illumination intensity and the like when LED light supplement is adopted, so that the good growth of the snow lotus flowers is effectively ensured.
The invention relates to a specific technical scheme as follows:
a method for promoting the rapid growth of snow lotus herb by using an LED lamp comprises the following specific cultivation methods:
(1) selecting big and full-grain saussurea involucrate seeds with brown black color and good glossiness, scalding the seeds, soaking the seeds, airing and accelerating germination, sowing the seeds in a greenhouse with ventilation, and covering a mulching film, wherein the temperature of the greenhouse is 26-28 ℃;
(2) when 3-4 main leaves of the saussurea involucrate grow out, seedling fixing is carried out, a seedling with the best growth vigor is reserved in each hole, the rest seedlings are removed, the mulching film can be removed after seedling fixing, the temperature in the greenhouse is reduced, and red LED pulsed light is adopted to irradiate the seedlings; the temperature in the greenhouse is 18-22 ℃ in the daytime, and the LED irradiation intensity is 200-300 lux; the temperature in the greenhouse at night is 10-15 ℃, and the LED irradiation intensity is 500-800 lux;
(3) when the height of the saussurea involucrate plant is 5-7 cm and no less than 5 true leaves exist, transplanting and field planting are carried out in a cloudy day or a rainy day, digging holes according to the row spacing of 30cm multiplied by 20cm to 40cm multiplied by 25cm, the hole depth is 3-5 cm, water spraying is carried out after soil covering and compacting, water spraying is carried out every two days, 2-3 h is carried out every time, a shed is built for shading, and the LED lamp irradiation is stopped in the process;
(4) after the seedlings survive, removing the shade shed, spraying water for 1-2 times every week, irradiating by using an LED lamp, and when the seedlings enter a rapid growth period, paying attention to fertilizer and water management and pest control; the LED irradiation intensity in the daytime is 1500-2000 lux; the LED irradiation intensity at night is 3000-4000 lux;
(5) after 3-4 years, the saussurea involucrate grows to be mature, the saussurea involucrate gradually enters the flowering period, and the LED irradiation intensity in the daytime is 800-1200 lux; the LED irradiation intensity at night is 1500-2000 lux;
preferably, the seed scalding in the step (1) adopts warm water at 40-50 ℃ for 20-30 min;
preferably, the seed soaking in the step (1) adopts 0.2-0.25% of carbendazim liquid medicine for 8-12 h;
preferably, the airing in the step (1) is naturally spread and dried on a clean cloth sheet for 3-5 hours, and the cloth sheet is cleaned by clear water before being spread and dried;
preferably, the sprouting in the step (1) adopts a gauze bag, the time is 1-2 d, and the environmental temperature is 22-25 ℃;
preferably, the greenhouse in the step (2) is disinfected in advance, 6-7 g of sawn timber and 1-1.5 g of sulfur powder per square meter are fumigated and disinfected, and the greenhouse is sealed for 24-28 hours;
preferably, the LEDs in the steps (2), (4) and (5) are red LED pulse light, the light emitting wavelength is 620nm-660nm, and the period is 60-80 mu s;
preferably, the LED lamps in the steps (2), (4) and (5) are continuously irradiated from top to bottom; the daytime refers to 1 hour after the sun rises to 1 hour before the sun goes down the mountain; the night is 1 hour before the sun goes down the mountain to 1 hour after the sun rises the next day;
preferably, before transplanting, fertilizing, ditching and ridging are carried out on the land blocks in the step (3); fertilizing according to 2.8-3.2 kg of decomposed ring fertilizer and 25-35 g of calcium superphosphate per square meter for 5-7 days before transplanting; the depth of the furrowing and ridging is 18-22 cm, the width is 25-35 cm, and the width of the ridge back is 40-50 cm;
preferably, the fast growth period in the step (4) adopts auxin with the concentration of 0.01-0.02% to carry out extra-root topdressing;
preferably, the potassium dihydrogen phosphate with the concentration of 0.15-0.2% is applied to the flower in the flowering period in the step (5) to improve the flower quality, and the frequency is once per week.
Snow lotus herb, known as Qiaoguo Suba in Tibetan, is a perennial herb of the family Compositae. Not only rare mirabilis herb which is rarely seen but also famous rare Tibetan medicine. The artificially cultivated saussurea involucrate has good market prospect and considerable profit. When the saussurea involucrate is artificially cultivated, firstly, the growth habit of the saussurea involucrate needs to be noticed: snow lotus is a plateau mountain plant, is suitable for various complex climate environments, the underground part of the snow lotus can bear the low temperature below minus 30 ℃, can normally sprout and grow at the temperature of 5-39 ℃, can open in a prosperous period under the cold wind of minus 5 ℃, and the stem, the leaf and the flower cannot wither. In addition, attention is paid to aspects such as seed selection, seed germination acceleration, nutrient soil preparation and land selection, sowing and transplanting, field and fertilizer and water management, and the like, wherein strict requirements are imposed on environmental factors such as illumination, temperature, water and the like.
The LED has the advantages of small volume, light weight, solid state, long service life, special wavelength, lower driving voltage, high optical efficiency, low energy consumption, safety, reliability, durability and difficult color decay, and red light LED photons have larger luminous flux. In addition, the LED has a narrow spectrum, the half-width range of the spectrum is from a few nanometers to dozens of nanometers, and the wavelength is just matched with the spectrum range formed by plant photosynthesis and light morphology around +/-20 nm. The wavelength of sunlight reaching the ground is about 300-2600 nm, wherein the effective wavelength for photosynthesis is 400-700 nm, wherein the contribution rate of 425-490 nm blue light and 610-700 nm red light to photosynthesis is the largest, and the rate of 520-610 nm (green) light absorbed by plants is very low. It can be seen that not all light contributes to photosynthesis in plants. The pigments can absorb light energy to produce a series of biochemical reactions, and different pigments absorb different wavelengths. There are many pigments in plants, each playing a different role, but there are two pigments, the phytochrome and cryptochrome, which play a critical role in regulating the plant's response to light. The photosensitizing pigments have two tautomers-red photosensitizing pigment (Pr) and far-red photosensitizing pigment (Pfr). Pr absorbs red light at a wavelength of about 660nm, and Pfr absorbs far-red light at a wavelength of about 730 nm. Phytochromes regulate the response of a variety of different plants to light, including photoperiod, seed germination, leaf expansion, hypocotyl elongation, and de-yellowing. Cryptochrome absorbs light waves in the blue and ultraviolet range, and other pigments are involved in plant development. Therefore, the blue light of about 460nm and the red light of about 660nm are the most needed light waves of plants, play a key role in the growth and development of the plants, and the requirement of promoting the growth of the plants can be effectively met by utilizing the LED red light.
The invention provides a method for promoting the rapid growth of snow lotus herb by using an LED lamp, which has the outstanding characteristics and excellent effects compared with the prior art:
1. a method for promoting the rapid growth of snow lotus herb by adopting an LED lamp is provided.
2. By providing a red light spectrum, the spectral energy distribution is consistent with the peak area of the absorption spectrum of the chlorophyll of the seedling of the snow lotus herb, so that the net photosynthetic rate of the seedling of the snow lotus herb is improved, and the snow lotus herb can grow rapidly.
3. Shortens the growth time from sowing to blooming of the snow lotus herb and overcomes the defect of long growth period.
4. The cultivation method disclosed by the invention is low in cost, obvious in effect and good in application prospect.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments, but it should not be construed that the scope of the present invention is limited to the following examples. Various substitutions and alterations can be made by those skilled in the art and by conventional means without departing from the spirit of the method of the invention described above.
Example 1
(1) Selecting big and full-grain saussurea involucrate seeds with brownish black color and good glossiness, scalding the seeds, soaking the seeds, airing and accelerating germination, sowing the seeds in a greenhouse with top wind, and covering a mulching film, wherein the temperature of the greenhouse is 28 ℃; scalding seed with 50 deg.C warm water for 20 min; soaking seeds with 0.2% carbendazim liquid medicine for 12 h; naturally spreading and drying the cloth on a clean cloth sheet for 5 hours, and cleaning the cloth with clear water before spreading and drying; sprouting by adopting a gauze bag, wherein the time is 1d, and the environmental temperature is 25 ℃;
(2) when 3-4 main leaves of the saussurea involucrate grow out, seedling fixing is carried out, a seedling with the best growth vigor is reserved in each hole, the rest seedlings are removed, the mulching film can be removed after seedling fixing, the temperature in the greenhouse is reduced, and red LED pulsed light is adopted to irradiate the seedlings; the temperature in the greenhouse is 22 ℃ in the daytime, and the LED irradiation intensity is 300 lux; the temperature in the greenhouse at night is 15 ℃, and the LED irradiation intensity is 800 lux; the seedling raising soil should be deeply ploughed 3 times in advance, the organic matter content of the soil is 12%, and the width of a seedbed is 1.6 m; sterilizing the greenhouse in advance, smoking and sterilizing according to 6g of sawn timber per square meter and 1g of sulfur powder, and sealing for 28 h;
(3) when the height of the saussurea involucrate plant is 5-7 cm and no less than 5 true leaves exist, transplanting and field planting are carried out in a cloudy day or a rainy day, holes are dug according to the row spacing of 30cm multiplied by 20cm, the hole depth is 5cm, water is sprayed after covering soil is compacted, water is sprayed every two days for 3 hours every time, a shed is built for shading, and the LED lamp irradiation is stopped in the process; fertilizing, ditching and ridging the land blocks before transplanting; fertilizing according to 2.8kg of decomposed ring fertilizer and 25g of calcium superphosphate per square meter for 5 days before transplanting; the depth of the furrowing and ridging is 22cm, the width is 25cm, and the width of the ridge back is 50 cm;
(4) after the seedlings survive, removing the shade shed, spraying water for 2 times every week, irradiating by using an LED lamp, and allowing the seedlings to enter a rapid growth period, wherein fertilizer and water management and pest control are required; the LED irradiation intensity in the daytime is 1500 lux; the illumination intensity of the LED at night is 4000 lux; in the growth period, 0.02% auxin is adopted for extra-root topdressing;
(5) after 3 years, the saussurea involucrate grows mature and gradually enters the flowering period; the LED irradiation intensity in the daytime is 1200 lux; the night LED irradiation intensity is 2000 lux; in the flowering period, monopotassium phosphate with the concentration of 0.2% is adopted for fertilizing to improve the flower quality, and the frequency is once per week;
the light emitting wavelength of the red LED pulse light is 660nm, and the period is 60 mu s; the irradiation mode is continuous irradiation from top to bottom;
the plant heights of the snow lotus cultivated by the method of example 1 were measured for 30d, 180d, and 360d and the time from sowing to flowering, as shown in table 1.
Example 2
(1) Selecting big and full-grain saussurea involucrate seeds with brownish black color and good glossiness, scalding the seeds, soaking the seeds, airing and accelerating germination, sowing the seeds in a greenhouse with ventilation, and covering a mulching film, wherein the temperature of the greenhouse is 26 ℃; scalding seed with 40 deg.C warm water for 30 min; soaking seeds with 0.2% carbendazim liquid medicine for 8 h; naturally spreading and drying the cloth on a clean cloth sheet for 5 hours, and cleaning the cloth with clear water before spreading and drying; sprouting with gauze bag at ambient temperature of 22 deg.C for 1 d;
(2) when 3-4 main leaves of the saussurea involucrate grow out, seedling fixing is carried out, a seedling with the best growth vigor is reserved in each hole, the rest seedlings are removed, the mulching film can be removed after seedling fixing, the temperature in the greenhouse is reduced, and red LED pulsed light is adopted to irradiate the seedlings; the temperature in the greenhouse is 18 ℃ in the white sky, and the LED irradiation intensity is 200 lux; the temperature in the greenhouse is 10 ℃ at night, and the LED irradiation intensity is 500 lux; the seedling raising soil should be deeply ploughed for 2 times in advance, the organic matter content of the soil is 8%, and the width of a seedbed is 1.2 m; sterilizing the greenhouse in advance, fumigating and sterilizing 6g of sawn timber and 1.5g of sulfur powder per square meter, and sealing for 24 h;
(3) when the height of the saussurea involucrate plant is 5-7 cm and no less than 5 true leaves exist, transplanting and field planting are carried out in a cloudy day or a rainy day, holes are dug according to the row spacing of 40cm multiplied by 25cm, the hole depth is 3cm, water is sprayed after covering soil is compacted, water is sprayed every two days, 2 hours is carried out each time, a shed is built for shading, and the LED lamp irradiation is stopped in the process; fertilizing, ditching and ridging the land blocks before transplanting; fertilizing according to 2.8kg of decomposed ring fertilizer and 25g of calcium superphosphate per square meter for 5 days before transplanting; the depth of the furrowing and ridging is 18cm, the width is 25cm, and the width of the ridge back is 40 cm;
(4) after the seedlings survive, removing the shade shed, spraying water for 1 time every week, irradiating by using an LED lamp, and allowing the seedlings to enter a rapid growth period, wherein fertilizer and water management and pest control are required; the LED irradiation intensity in the daytime is 1500 lux; the illumination intensity of the LED at night is 3000 lux; in the growth period, 0.01% auxin is adopted for extra-root topdressing;
(5) after 3 years, the saussurea involucrate grows mature and gradually enters the flowering period, and the LED irradiation intensity is 800lux in the daytime; the illumination intensity of the LED at night is 1500 lux; in the flowering period, monopotassium phosphate with the concentration of 0.15% is adopted for fertilizing to improve the flower quality, and the frequency is once per week;
the light emitting wavelength of the red LED pulse light is 660nm, and the period is 80 mu s; the irradiation mode is continuous irradiation from top to bottom;
the plant heights of the snow lotus cultivated by the method of example 2 were measured for 30d, 180d, and 360d and the time from sowing to flowering, as shown in table 1.
Example 3
(1) Selecting big and full-grain saussurea involucrate seeds with brownish black color and good glossiness, scalding the seeds, soaking the seeds, airing and accelerating germination, sowing the seeds in a greenhouse with ventilation, and covering a mulching film, wherein the temperature of the greenhouse is 27 ℃; scalding seed with 45 deg.C warm water for 25 min; soaking seeds with 0.2% carbendazim liquid medicine for 10 h; naturally spreading and drying the cloth on a clean cloth sheet for 4 hours, and cleaning the cloth with clear water before spreading and drying; sprouting by adopting a gauze bag, wherein the time is 1d, and the environmental temperature is 23 ℃;
(2) when 3-4 main leaves of the saussurea involucrate grow out, seedling fixing is carried out, a seedling with the best growth vigor is reserved in each hole, the rest seedlings are removed, the mulching film can be removed after seedling fixing, the temperature in the greenhouse is reduced, and red LED pulsed light is adopted to irradiate the seedlings; the temperature in the greenhouse is 20 ℃ in the white sky, and the LED irradiation intensity is 250 lux; the temperature in the greenhouse is 12 ℃ at night, and the LED irradiation intensity is 600 lux; the seedling raising soil should be deeply ploughed 3 times in advance, the organic matter content of the soil is 10%, and the width of a seedbed is 1.5 m; sterilizing the greenhouse in advance, fumigating and sterilizing 6g of sawn timber and 1.5g of sulfur powder per square meter, and sealing for 26 h;
(3) when the height of the saussurea involucrate plant is 5-7 cm and no less than 5 true leaves exist, transplanting and field planting are carried out in a cloudy day or a rainy day, digging holes according to the row spacing of 35cm multiplied by 20cm, the hole depth is 4cm, spraying water after covering soil and compacting, spraying water every two days for 2 hours each time, erecting a shed and shading, and stopping LED lamp irradiation in the process; fertilizing, ditching and ridging the land blocks before transplanting; fertilizing 3kg of decomposed ring fertilizer and 35g of calcium superphosphate per square meter for 6 days before transplanting; the depth of the furrowing and ridging is 20cm, the width is 30cm, and the width of the ridge back is 45 cm;
(4) after the seedlings survive, removing the shade shed, spraying water for 2 times every week, irradiating by using an LED lamp, and allowing the seedlings to enter a rapid growth period, wherein fertilizer and water management and pest control are required; the LED irradiation intensity in the daytime is 1800 lux; the illumination intensity of the LED at night is 3500 lux; in the growth period, 0.02% auxin is adopted for extra-root topdressing;
(5) after 3 years, the saussurea involucrate grows mature and gradually enters the flowering period, and the LED irradiation intensity is 900lux in the daytime; the night LED irradiation intensity is 1700 lux; in the flowering period, monopotassium phosphate with the concentration of 0.2% is adopted for fertilizing to improve the flower quality, and the frequency is once per week;
the light emitting wavelength of the red LED pulse light is 640nm, and the period is 70 mu s; the irradiation mode is continuous irradiation from top to bottom;
the plant heights of the snow lotus cultivated by the method of example 3 were measured for 30d, 180d, and 360d and the time from sowing to flowering, as shown in table 1.
Example 4
(1) Selecting big and full-grain saussurea involucrate seeds with brownish black color and good glossiness, scalding the seeds, soaking the seeds, airing and accelerating germination, sowing the seeds in a greenhouse with ventilation, and covering a mulching film, wherein the temperature of the greenhouse is 26 ℃; scalding seed with 50 deg.C warm water for 20 min; soaking seeds with 0.25% carbendazim liquid medicine for 8 h; naturally spreading and drying the cloth on a clean cloth sheet for 5 hours, and cleaning the cloth with clear water before spreading and drying; sprouting by adopting a gauze bag, wherein the time is 1d, and the environmental temperature is 25 ℃;
(2) when 3-4 main leaves of the saussurea involucrate grow out, seedling fixing is carried out, a seedling with the best growth vigor is reserved in each hole, the rest seedlings are removed, the mulching film can be removed after seedling fixing, the temperature in the greenhouse is reduced, and red LED pulsed light is adopted to irradiate the seedlings; the temperature in the greenhouse is 18 ℃ in the white sky, and the LED irradiation intensity is 300 lux; the temperature in the greenhouse at night is 10 ℃, and the LED irradiation intensity is 800 lux; the seedling raising soil should be deeply ploughed for 2 times in advance, the organic matter content of the soil is 12%, and the width of a seedbed is 1.2 m; sterilizing the greenhouse in advance, fumigating and sterilizing 6g of sawn timber and 1.5g of sulfur powder per square meter, and sealing for 28 h;
(3) when the height of the saussurea involucrate plant is 5-7 cm and no less than 5 true leaves exist, transplanting and field planting are carried out in a cloudy day or a rainy day, digging holes according to the row spacing of 35cm multiplied by 25cm, the hole depth is 4cm, spraying water after covering soil and compacting, spraying water every two days for 3 hours each time, erecting a shed and shading, and stopping LED lamp irradiation in the process; fertilizing, ditching and ridging the land blocks before transplanting; fertilizing 3.2kg of decomposed ring fertilizer and 25g of calcium superphosphate per square meter for 7 days before transplanting; the depth of the furrowing and ridging is 18cm, the width is 35cm, and the width of the ridge back is 40 cm;
(4) after the seedlings survive, removing the shade shed, spraying water for 2 times every week, irradiating by using an LED lamp, and allowing the seedlings to enter a rapid growth period, wherein fertilizer and water management and pest control are required; the LED irradiation intensity in the daytime is 1500 lux; the illumination intensity of the LED at night is 3000 lux; in the growth period, 0.02% auxin is adopted for extra-root topdressing;
(5) after 3 years, the saussurea involucrate grows mature and gradually enters the flowering period, and the LED irradiation intensity is 1200lux in the daytime; the night LED irradiation intensity is 2000 lux; in the flowering period, monopotassium phosphate with the concentration of 0.15% is adopted for fertilizing to improve the flower quality, and the frequency is once per week;
the light emitting wavelength of the red LED pulse light is 620nm, and the period is 65 mu s; the irradiation mode is continuous irradiation from top to bottom;
the plant heights of the snow lotus cultivated by the method of example 4 were measured for 30d, 180d, 360d and the time from sowing to flowering, as shown in table 1.
Example 5
(1) Selecting big and full-grain saussurea involucrate seeds with brownish black color and good glossiness, scalding the seeds, soaking the seeds, airing and accelerating germination, sowing the seeds in a greenhouse with ventilation, and covering a mulching film, wherein the temperature of the greenhouse is 26 ℃; scalding seed with 45 deg.C warm water for 20 min; soaking seeds with 0.2% carbendazim liquid medicine for 10 h; naturally spreading and drying the cloth on a clean cloth sheet for 3 hours, and cleaning the cloth with clear water before spreading and drying; sprouting with gauze bag at ambient temperature of 22 deg.C for 1 d;
(2) when 3-4 main leaves of the saussurea involucrate grow out, seedling fixing is carried out, a seedling with the best growth vigor is reserved in each hole, the rest seedlings are removed, the mulching film can be removed after seedling fixing, the temperature in the greenhouse is reduced, and red LED pulsed light is adopted to irradiate the seedlings; the temperature in the greenhouse is 20 ℃ in the white sky, and the LED irradiation intensity is 250 lux; the temperature in the greenhouse is 12 ℃ at night, and the LED irradiation intensity is 600 lux; the seedling raising soil should be deeply ploughed 3 times in advance, the organic matter content of the soil is 10%, and the width of a seedbed is 1.4 m; sterilizing the greenhouse in advance, smoking and sterilizing 7g of sawn timber and 1g of sulfur powder per square meter, and sealing for 26 hours;
(3) when the height of the saussurea involucrate plant is 5-7 cm and no less than 5 true leaves exist, transplanting and field planting are carried out in a cloudy day or a rainy day, holes are dug according to the row spacing of 40cm multiplied by 25cm, the hole depth is 4cm, water is sprayed after covering soil is compacted, water is sprayed every two days, 2 hours is carried out each time, a shed is built for shading, and the LED lamp irradiation is stopped in the process; fertilizing, ditching and ridging the land blocks before transplanting; fertilizing 3kg of decomposed ring fertilizer and 30g of calcium superphosphate per square meter for 6 days before transplanting; the depth of the furrowing and ridging is 20cm, the width is 30cm, and the width of the ridge back is 45 cm;
(4) after the seedlings survive, removing the shade shed, spraying water for 1 time every week, irradiating by using an LED lamp, and allowing the seedlings to enter a rapid growth period, wherein fertilizer and water management and pest control are required; the LED irradiation intensity in the daytime is 2000 lux; the illumination intensity of the LED at night is 3500 lux; in the growth period, 0.01% auxin is adopted for extra-root topdressing;
(5) after 3 years, the saussurea involucrate grows mature and gradually enters the flowering period, and the LED irradiation intensity is 1000lux in the daytime; the night LED irradiation intensity is 1700 lux; in the flowering period, monopotassium phosphate with the concentration of 0.15% is adopted for fertilizing to improve the flower quality, and the frequency is once per week;
the light emitting wavelength of the red LED pulse light is 650nm, and the period is 75 mu s; the irradiation mode is continuous irradiation from top to bottom;
the plant heights of the snow lotus cultivated by the method of example 5 were measured for 30d, 180d, and 360d and the time from sowing to flowering, as shown in table 1.
Comparative example 1
(1) Selecting big and full-grain saussurea involucrate seeds with brownish black color and good glossiness, scalding the seeds, soaking the seeds, airing and accelerating germination, sowing the seeds in a greenhouse with top wind, and covering a mulching film, wherein the temperature of the greenhouse is 28 ℃; scalding seed with 50 deg.C warm water for 25 min; soaking seeds with 0.25% of carbendazim liquid medicine for 10 h; naturally spreading and drying the cloth on a clean cloth sheet for 4 hours, and cleaning the cloth with clear water before spreading and drying; sprouting by adopting a gauze bag for 2d at the ambient temperature of 25 ℃;
(2) when 3-4 true leaves of the saussurea involucrate grow out, performing final singling, reserving a seedling with the best growth vigor in each hole, removing the rest seedlings, removing the mulching film after final singling, and reducing the temperature in the greenhouse; the temperature in the greenhouse is 22 ℃; the temperature in the greenhouse is 15 ℃ at night; the seedling raising soil should be deeply ploughed 3 times in advance, the organic matter content of the soil is 10%, and the width of a seedbed is 1.6 m; sterilizing the greenhouse in advance, smoking and sterilizing 7g of sawn timber and 1g of sulfur powder per square meter, and sealing for 27 h;
(3) when the height of the saussurea involucrate plants is 5-7 cm and no less than 5 true leaves exist, transplanting and field planting are carried out in a cloudy day or a rainy day, holes are dug according to the row spacing of 30cm multiplied by 20cm, the hole depth is 4cm, water is sprayed after covering soil is compacted, water is sprayed every two days, 3 hours is carried out every time, and a shed is built to shade; fertilizing, ditching and ridging the land blocks before transplanting; fertilizing 3.2kg of decomposed ring fertilizer and 25g of calcium superphosphate per square meter for 7 days before transplanting; the depth of the furrowing and ridging is 22cm, the width is 35cm, and the width of the ridge back is 50 cm;
(4) after the seedlings survive, removing the shade shed, spraying water for 2 times every week, and allowing the seedlings to enter a rapid growth period, wherein fertilizer and water management and pest control should be paid attention; in the growth period, 0.02% auxin is adopted for extra-root topdressing;
(5) after 5 years, the saussurea involucrate grows mature and gradually enters the flowering period; in the flowering period, monopotassium phosphate with the concentration of 0.2% is adopted for fertilizing to improve the flower quality, and the frequency is once per week;
the plant heights of the snow lotus cultivated by the method of comparative example 1 were measured at 30d, 180d and 360d and the time from sowing to flowering, as shown in table 1.
Table 1:
Claims (4)
1. a method for promoting the rapid growth of snow lotus herb by using an LED lamp is characterized in that the cultivation process of snow lotus herb is as follows:
(1) selecting big and full-grain saussurea involucrate seeds with brown black color and good glossiness, scalding the seeds, soaking the seeds, airing and accelerating germination, sowing the seeds in a greenhouse with ventilation, and covering a mulching film, wherein the temperature of the greenhouse is 26-28 ℃;
(2) when 3-4 main leaves of the saussurea involucrate grow out, seedling fixing is carried out, a seedling with the best growth vigor is reserved in each hole, the rest seedlings are removed, the mulching film can be removed after seedling fixing, the temperature in the greenhouse is reduced, and red LED pulsed light is adopted to irradiate the seedlings; the temperature in the greenhouse is 18-22 ℃ in the daytime, and the LED irradiation intensity is 200-300 lux; the temperature in the greenhouse at night is 10-15 ℃, and the LED irradiation intensity is 500-800 lux; disinfecting the greenhouse in advance, fumigating and disinfecting the sawn wood and sulfur powder according to 6-7 g per square meter and 1-1.5 g per square meter, and sealing the greenhouse for 24-28 hours;
(3) when the height of the saussurea involucrate plant is 5-7 cm and no less than 5 true leaves exist, transplanting and field planting are carried out in a cloudy day or a rainy day, digging holes according to the row spacing of 30cm multiplied by 20 cm-40 cm multiplied by 25cm, the hole depth is 3-5 cm, water spraying is carried out after soil covering and compacting, water spraying is carried out every two days, 2-3 h is carried out every time, a shed is built for shading, and the LED lamp irradiation is stopped in the process;
(4) after the seedlings survive, removing the shade shed, spraying water for 1-2 times every week, irradiating by using an LED lamp, allowing the seedlings to enter a rapid growth period, performing topdressing by using auxin with the concentration of 0.01-0.02%, and paying attention to fertilizer and water management and pest control; the LED irradiation intensity in the daytime is 1500-2000 lux; the LED irradiation intensity at night is 3000-4000 lux;
(5) after 3-4 years, the saussurea involucrate grows mature and gradually enters the flowering phase, so that the LED irradiation intensity can be weakened; the LED irradiation intensity in the daytime is 800-1200 lux; the LED irradiation intensity at night is 1500-2000 lux; the LEDs in the steps (2), (4) and (5) are red LED pulse light, the light emitting wavelength is 620-660 nm, and the period is 60-80 mu s; the irradiation mode of the LED lamp is continuous irradiation from top to bottom; the daytime refers to 1 hour after the sun rises to 1 hour before the sun goes down the mountain; the night is 1h before the sun goes down the mountain to 1h after the sun rises the next day.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the LED lamp is used for promoting the rapid growth of snow lotus herb, and the method comprises the following steps: the seed scalding in the step (1) adopts warm water of 40-50 ℃ for 20-30 min; the seed soaking adopts 0.2-0.25% of carbendazim liquid medicine for 8-12 h; naturally spreading and drying the cloth on a clean cloth sheet for 3-5 hours, and cleaning the cloth with clear water before spreading and drying; the sprouting is carried out by adopting a gauze bag for 1-2 d at the ambient temperature of 22-25 ℃.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the LED lamp is used for promoting the rapid growth of snow lotus herb, and the method comprises the following steps: fertilizing, ditching and ridging the land blocks before transplanting; fertilizing according to 2.8-3.2 kg of decomposed ring fertilizer and 25-35 g of calcium superphosphate per square meter for 5-7 days before transplanting; the depth of the furrowing and ridging is 18-22 cm, the width is 25-35 cm, and the width of the ridge back is 40-50 cm.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the LED lamp is used for promoting the rapid growth of snow lotus herb, and the method comprises the following steps: and (5) fertilizing by adopting monopotassium phosphate with the concentration of 0.15-0.2% in the flowering period to improve the flower quality, wherein the frequency is once per week.
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