CN108811870B - Spectrum and proportion suitable for growth of European spruce seedlings - Google Patents
Spectrum and proportion suitable for growth of European spruce seedlings Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/04—Electric or magnetic or acoustic treatment of plants for promoting growth
- A01G7/045—Electric or magnetic or acoustic treatment of plants for promoting growth with electric lighting
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/14—Measures for saving energy, e.g. in green houses
Abstract
The invention provides a spectrum and a proportion suitable for growth of a European spruce seedling and application of the method in cultivation of a European spruce container seedling. The method comprises the following steps: after the spruce seeds are sowed, the container seedlings are subjected to light supplement treatment, and light sources for the light supplement treatment are selected from red lightLED lamp, ruddiness, far-red light double-colored LED lamp, wherein ruddiness: the ratio of the illumination intensity of far-red light to red light is 7:1, and the LED lamp comprises red light, blue light and far-red light, wherein the ratio of red light: blue light: the illumination intensity ratio of far-red light is 7:1: 1; the light intensity of the light supplement treatment is 80-100 mu mol.m‑2·s‑1And the light supplement time period is 8: 00-24: 00, light supplement for 100 and 120 days. The method mainly solves the problem of slow growth in the seedling stage and the young stage in the seedling raising process of the European spruce, also solves the problem of season limitation in the light supplementing seedling raising process of the European spruce, promotes the continuous growth of the European spruce, can effectively ensure the survival rate of the European spruce, and provides a short-period, energy-saving and emission-reducing method for supplying the European spruce afforestation seedlings in a large scale.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a seedling raising method for effectively promoting plant growth, in particular to a spectrum and a proportion for promoting the growth of a container seedling of a European spruce and being suitable for the growth of the seedling of the European spruce.
Background
Picea abies (L.) Karst, also known as norwegian spruce, pinaceae, genus spruce. Compared with other local spruce tree species, the tree species has the history of introduction and cultivation for more than 80 years in China, not only has fast growth but also has strong adaptability, has the growth speed obviously superior to that of the red-skin spruce and the Qinghai spruce, and is an important paper pulp and building material tree species. However, slow growth in seedling stage is a main problem in the production of spruce seedlings, and light-supplement seedling is an effective method for improving the seedling raising efficiency of spruce. Zhang Songzhi, et al, studied the influence of light source and light intensity on the growth of different seed seedlings of European spruce, found that the best effect of supplementing light with fluorescent lamp for promoting the growth of seedlings of European spruce is 3-6 μmol.m-2·s-1The illumination intensity and the night supplementary lighting for 8 hours have the best effect on promoting the growth of the European spruce seedlings. However, because the spectrum (400-700nm) of the fluorescent lamp contains components of ineffective spectral bands and cannot be utilized by plants, not only is the heat energy dissipation large,is not favorable for saving energy, and the service life of the fluorescent lamp is shorter, which leads to the increase of cost.
There are significant differences in the biological effects of the various spectral bands (i.e., light qualities) of the light source. The spectral energy distribution of the combination of red and blue light is consistent with the chlorophyll absorption spectrum, and thus can promote plant growth and development by increasing the net photosynthetic rate. The research on the influence of different light qualities generated by LED radiation on the growth of spruce by combining the narrow monochromatic red and blue light spectra emitted by new light source Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) with different absorption wavelengths of photosynthetic pigments, especially chlorophyll a and b, has been reported in literature, for example
FR was shown to be more effective than R in maintaining growth of European spruce and also showed that R was more effective with FR in a 1:1 ratio of single light quality, suggesting that red and far-red light interact.
The LED lamp is arranged in the illumination incubator, and plants are cultivated by controlling temperature, humidity and light, so that the growth of seedlings is not limited by seasons, and the production efficiency of the seedlings is greatly improved; and the LED lamp is used for culturing plants, so that double effects of reducing weight and reducing pesticide are realized, and the ecological civilization construction of China is facilitated.
In China and abroad, the European spruce and some types of spruces are grown by container seedling supplement and light seedling, and certain effect is achieved, but certain problems exist: if the light quality and the proportion of which LED lamp is adopted are relatively high-efficient, a complete system is not formed, the effects of different types of spruce varieties on the supplementary lighting are inconsistent, and the differences of light colors (spectrums), light intensity and light time response among the spruce varieties and between seed sources are obvious.
At present, no literature reports about research on the aspect of light supplement and seedling raising of the European spruce by using an LED lamp of an illumination incubator, and if relevant technologies can be developed, the light supplement and seedling raising method has a very wide prospect and a huge economic value in the aspect of cultivating the European spruce.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above technical problems, an object of the present invention is to provide a fill light quality and a ratio specially suitable for a european spruce container seedling.
The invention also aims to provide application of the supplementary lighting quality and the proportion in cultivating the European spruce container seedlings.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a spectrum and a proportion suitable for the growth of the European spruce seedlings, which comprises the following components: after the seeds of the European spruce are sowed, the container seedlings are subjected to light supplementing treatment;
the light source of light filling processing is selected from red light LED lamp, ruddiness, far-red light double-colored LED lamp, wherein ruddiness: the ratio of the illumination intensity of far-red light to red light is 7:1, and the LED lamp comprises red light, blue light and far-red light, wherein the ratio of red light: blue light: the ratio of the far-red light to the far-red light is 7:1: 1.
The light intensity of the light supplement treatment is 80-100 mu mol.m-2·s-1。
And the light supplement processing light intensity is the light intensity received by the nursery stock.
The light supplementing time comprises the following steps:
supplementing light for the annual container seedlings from the time when seedlings emerge orderly, wherein the light supplementing time is 16h, the light supplementing time period is 8: 00-24: 00, and the light supplementing time period is 100-plus-one days for 120 days; preferably 120 days.
Supplementing light for the two-year-old container seedlings from the beginning of the container seedlings, wherein the light supplementing time is 16h, the light supplementing time period is 8: 00-24: 00, and the light supplementing time period is 100-plus-one 120 days; preferably 120 days.
Furthermore, light supplement is started after more than 80% of annual container seedlings emerge regularly; preferably, light supplement is started after about 80% of container seedlings emerge neatly.
Furthermore, light supplement is started when more than 80% of container seedlings in two years sprout; preferably, light supplementation is initiated from the time that about 80% of container seedlings germinate.
When the light source for light supplement treatment is the red light and far-red light double-color LED lamp, the illumination intensity for light supplement treatment is 80-100 mu mol.m-2·s-1When it is 80. mu. mol. m-2·s-1Is 70 mu mol.m of red light-2·s-1And far-red light 10. mu. mol. m-2·s-1And (4) summing. 100. mu. mol. m-2·s-1The red light is 87.5 mu mol.m-2·s-1And far-red light of 12.5. mu. mol. m-2·s-1And (4) summing.
Further, in the red LED lamp, the wavelength of red light is 660 nm; in the red light and far-red light double-color LED lamp, the red light wavelength and the far-red light wavelength are 660nm and 760nm respectively; in the red light, blue light and far-red light three-color LED lamp, the wavelengths of red light, blue light and far-red light are 660nm, 460nm and 760nm respectively.
The light source and the light supplementing time of the light supplement have great influence on the seedling raising of the European spruce container seedlings, and the seedling height and the young sprout length of the European spruce can be obviously improved.
In practice, the invention can be implemented by installing the LED lamps in an illumination incubator or a greenhouse or other space capable of developing facility seedling culture and adjusting the light quality and the proportion.
The method of the invention is a seedling raising substrate used for cultivating the European spruce container seedlings, which comprises the following steps: turfy soil and perlite in a volume ratio of 5: 1.
Wherein the content of organic matters in the seedling culture substrate is 8.0-8.5 g/kg, preferably 8.2 g/kg; the pH value of the seedling raising substrate is 7.2-7.8, and preferably 7.5.
Further, the seedling substrate is disinfected by 0.3 percent (mass fraction) of potassium permanganate solution 1 day before sowing.
The method of the invention, before sowing, the spruce seeds further comprise: soaking the seeds in water at 45 ℃ for accelerating germination for 24 hours, and keeping the temperature at 25 ℃ after water seed selection; then, sterilizing the seeds for 30 minutes by using 0.3 percent (mass fraction) of potassium permanganate solution, washing the seeds by using clear water, and then putting the seeds into an illumination incubator for accelerating germination, wherein the illumination incubator is provided with a fluorescent lamp, the spectral wavelength range of the fluorescent lamp is 400-700nm, the illumination time is 10 hours in the day, the illumination time is 14 hours in the night, the illumination intensity is 4000lux, the temperature is changed at 28 ℃ in the day, and the humidity is 65 percent at 22 ℃ in the night; and (5) sowing when 80% of seeds are exposed to the white.
The method for managing the young stage and the seedling stage of the container seedlings of the European spruce comprises the following steps: watering, and the like.
The watering mode comprises: in the first year after sowing, tap water is applied once every 4 days after the high growth of the seedlings begins, and the tap water is applied once in a seedbed of each square meter for 30 times;
applying tap water once every 4 days after the seedlings sprout in a seedbed of each square meter for 30 times;
the method can be implemented all the year round.
According to the method, the seeds of the European spruce can be as follows: seeds of Gansu China, seeds of Canada seed, seeds of Germany, France NS03CK10, France NS06BN26, United states of Budd Monte DNS072, United states of Burne DNS 107.
The method provided by the invention is applied to cultivation of the European spruce container seedlings.
Wherein, the seed of the European spruce can be: seeds of Gansu China, seeds of Canada seed, seeds of Germany, France NS03CK10, France NS06BN26, United states of Budd Monte DNS072, United states of Burne DNS 107.
The method has good water and fertilizer management, and can effectively ensure the survival rate of the nursery stock together with the container when the nursery stock is planted on the mountain.
The invention provides a spectrum and a proportion specially suitable for a European spruce container seedling, namely an LED lamp with specific light quality and proportion is applied to a specific spruce variety, a perfect system is formed, the problem of slow growth in the seedling stage and the young stage in the light supplementing and seedling raising process of the European spruce is solved, and the LED lamp with the specific light quality and proportion has remarkable and excellent light supplementing and seedling raising effects compared with the traditional incandescent lamp, high-pressure sodium lamp, fluorescent lamp, sunset dysprosium lamp, iodine tungsten lamp, neon lamp or helium lamp. Secondly, according to the selected light supplementing light quality and proportion and the specific light supplementing seedling raising object, the most appropriate light supplementing time period is selected in a targeted mode, the light supplementing seedling raising is carried out on the European spruce in the time period, and compared with other light supplementing time periods known in the prior art, the light supplementing seedling raising method has the remarkable excellent effect on the seedling height and the young sprout length of the European spruce. Thirdly, the invention can be implemented all the year round by cultivating the European spruce container seedlings in the illumination incubator by the LED lamps, thereby greatly improving the production capacity, greatly accelerating the growth of the European spruce in the seedling stage by light supplement, delaying the capping, enabling the seedlings to be outplanted in advance, effectively ensuring the survival rate of the European spruce, and ensuring the uniform seedling emergence and complete and robust seedling growth. Finally, the spectrum and the proportion of the invention which are suitable for the growth of the European spruce seedlings save more energy and cost compared with the existing seedling raising modes such as fluorescent lamps or incandescent lamps, and the like, and simultaneously, pesticides and fertilizers are not needed to be applied in the seedling raising process, thereby realizing the double effects of losing weight and reducing pesticide control, being beneficial to the ecological civilization construction of China, and providing a method with short period, energy conservation and emission reduction for the large-scale supply of European spruce afforestation.
Detailed Description
The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The materials used in the invention are all conventional materials (or products) which can be purchased from the market, and the operation means which are not mentioned are all conventional technical means in the field.
The european spruce seed line of the present invention is derived from: canada, whose respective geographic locations are: canada, longitude 46 ° 25'; the latitude is 66 deg. 43'.
The LED lamp used by the invention is grown by Philips manufacturers, wherein the wavelength of the red LED lamp is 660 nm; in a red light and far-red light double-color LED lamp, the wavelength of red light is 660nm, the wavelength of far-red light is 760nm, and the wavelength of red light: the ratio of the far-red light illumination intensity is 7: 1; in red light, blue light, far-red light three-colour LED lamp, ruddiness wavelength is 660nm, and the blue light wavelength is 450nm, and far-red light wavelength is 760nm, ruddiness: blue light: the ratio of the far-red light illumination intensity is 7:1: 1.
The method for measuring the illumination intensity adopts the following steps: the imported illuminometer was hand-held.
In the present invention, the two-year-old container seedlings and the one-year-old container seedlings both mean the years (24 months and 12 months) counted from the shelling of the container seedlings.
In the specific implementation of the invention, for annual container seedlings, seeding is started in 2017 in 4 months, light supplement for the first year is started in 2017 in 4 months and 20 days (80% of container seedlings emerge regularly), and the method is stopped in 2017 in 8 months and 20 days. And for the two-year container seedlings, the conventional fluorescent lamp light supplement is carried out in the first year, and in the second year, after the sprouted European spruce seedling seedlings in 5 months in 2016, the light supplement is started, and the period is stopped from 9 months in 2016.
The spruce grows in the open field generally only from the last 4 months to the last 6 months, and the top is sealed in the last 6 months; the facility seedling is cultured in an illumination incubator with proper illumination temperature and humidity, and the growth and the continuous growth can be prevented from being influenced by external conditions by giving proper water.
The specific technical scheme of the method comprises the following steps:
(1) customizing the illumination incubator of the LED lamp: oriental culture box of five continents.
(2) Sowing: weighing thousand seed weight according to a quartering method, soaking seeds in water with the initial temperature of 45 ℃ for accelerating germination for 24 hours before sowing, changing water once every 8 hours, selecting seeds with water, and removing blighted seeds and sundries; keeping the temperature at 25 ℃; then, sterilizing the surface of the rice by using 0.3 percent (mass fraction) potassium permanganate solution for 30 minutes, washing the rice by using clear water, and then accelerating germination in an illumination incubator under the condition of a fluorescent lamp, wherein the spectral wavelength range of the illumination incubator is 400-700nm, the illumination time is 10 hours in the day and 14 hours in the night, the illumination intensity is 4000lux, the temperature is changed at 28 ℃ in the day, the temperature is 22 ℃ at night, and the humidity is 65 percent; when 30-40% of seeds are exposed to the white, sowing; 1-3 grains in each container (5 multiplied by 11cm), covering a seedling substrate of about 0.5cm, making the lower part of the seedling substrate be solid and the upper part be virtual, and then watering the seedling substrate thoroughly; the seedling substrate is disinfected by 0.3 percent (mass fraction) of potassium permanganate solution 3 days before sowing.
The seedling culture substrate for culturing the European spruce container seedlings comprises: the volume ratio of the peatmoss to the perlite is 5: 1. The organic matter content in the seedling culture substrate is 8.0-8.5 g/kg, preferably 8.2 g/kg; the pH value of the seedling raising substrate is 7.2-7.8, and preferably 7.5.
(3) Management of juvenile and seedling stages
Watering: in the first year after sowing, tap water is applied once every 4 days after the high growth of the seedlings begins, and the tap water is applied once in a seedbed of each square meter for 30 times;
the two-year-old container seedlings are applied with tap water once every 4 days after the seedlings sprout and in a seedbed per square meter for 30 times.
Training seedlings: seedling hardening is needed when the seedlings are transplanted.
(4) Light supplement processing
After the seeds of the European spruce are sowed, the light supplement treatment is carried out on the container seedlings at the young stage and the seedling stage; the light supplementing time comprises the following steps: in the annual container seedlings, light supplement is started from the condition that more than 80% of the container seedlings emerge regularly or are aligned, the light supplement time is 16 hours, the light supplement time period is 8: 00-24: 00, and the light supplement lasts for 100-120 days; and (3) supplementing light for the two-year-old container seedlings when the container seedlings start to sprout or more than 80% of the container seedlings sprout, wherein the light supplementing time is 16h, the light supplementing time period is 8: 00-24: 00, and the light supplementing time period is 100-120 days.
Different light supplement periods have obvious influence on the growth of the European spruce. This is because the seedlings from different sources receive different natural illumination times, and usually seedlings from northern sources and high-altitude areas form terminal buds earlier than seedlings from southern sources and low-altitude areas. Therefore, the light supplement time needs to be prolonged for the growth of the spruce in the high-altitude area. The container seedling raising, particularly the prolonging of the light supplementing time of seedlings from northern latitude or high altitude areas is the key for accelerating the growth of the seedlings. In the greenhouse, light supplement at night is an important technical measure for maintaining the high growth of seedlings to reach the expected height. The continuous extension of the illumination time can promote the continuous growth of the European spruce seedlings without capping and the sprouting of the apical buds of the cutting seedlings. After a great deal of research, the light supplement effect of 16h-20h is creatively found to be better than the light supplement effect of day and night (24 h) or other light supplement duration effects. Considering cost considerations, the present invention selects from 8 morning: 00, starting light supplement until the light supplement is carried out to 24: and 00, finishing light supplement, and continuously supplementing light for 16h in total.
The light source for the light supplement treatment is as follows: a red LED lamp; red light, far-red light double-colored LED lamp, wherein ruddiness: the illumination intensity ratio of far-red light is 7: 1; red light, blue light, far-red light three-colour LED lamp, wherein ruddiness: blue light: the ratio of the far-red light to the far-red light is 7:1: 1.
The light intensity of the light supplement treatment is 5-200 mu mol.m-2·s-1。
In a preferred embodiment, the light supplement treatment of container seedlings in the young and seedling stages comprises: determining the starting time of light supplement, and selecting a light source, illumination intensity and light supplement time.
Light supplement starting time: supplementing light for annual container seedlings from about 80% of seedlings after the seedlings emerge regularly; the light supplement is started from the sprouting time of about 80% of the container seedlings in two years.
Light source: a red LED lamp (Philips brand, 660nm of the main wavelength peak) is adopted; red and far-red two-color LED lamps (philips brand, wavelength peaks 660nm and 760nm, purple red light), in which red: the illumination intensity ratio of far-red light is 7: 1; or a red, blue and far-red LED lamp (Philips brand, with main wavelength peaks of 660nm, 460nm and 760nm, respectively).
Light intensity of light supplement processing: 10 to 100. mu. mol/m-2·s-1More preferably 80 to 100. mu. mol. m-2·s-1(ii) a And the illumination intensity of the light supplementing treatment is the illumination intensity received by the nursery stock.
And (3) light supplement time: supplementing light for annual container seedlings from about 80% of seedlings after the seedlings emerge regularly, wherein the light supplementing time is 16h, and the light supplementing time period is 8: 00-24: 00 and supplementing light for 120 days.
The two-year-old container seedlings start light supplement from about 80% of the container seedlings when sprouting, the light supplement time is 16h, and the light supplement time period is 8: 00-24: 00 and supplementing light for 120 days.
In the light supplementing process, the effect of continuous light supplementing every day is good; if the interruption time of the power failure is long, the nursery stock is easy to seal.
(5) Exercising seedling
Firstly, moving out the container seedlings from the illumination incubator to a greenhouse for training seedlings.
The method of the invention can be implemented all the year round.
Example 1
The content of this example is the same as the specific technical solution in the above-mentioned embodiment except for the following conditions: in the process of seedling culture:
(1) seedling raising substrate: the volume ratio of the turfy soil to the perlite is 5: 1; the organic matter content in the seedling culture substrate is 8.2 g/kg; the pH value of the seedling substrate is 7.5.
(2) Light supplement starting time: for annual container seedlings, light supplement is started after 80% of container seedlings emerge regularly; for two-year-old container seedlings, light supplement is started from 80% of the container seedlings to be germinated.
And (3) light supplement time: for the annual container seedlings, light supplement is started in 20 days 4 and 8 months in 2017, and the operation is stopped in 20 days 8 and 8 months in 2017, wherein the seedling height of the container seedlings is measured in 20 days, 50 days and 120 days of light supplement respectively; and for the two-year-old container seedlings, after the sprouted European spruce seedling seedlings in 5 months in 2016, light supplement is started, the light supplement is stopped in 9 months in 2016, the light supplement lasts for 120 days totally, and the height and the young shoot length of the container seedlings are measured on the 100 th day of light supplement.
The seedling raising effect of the embodiment is as follows: the seedling height growth after the annual European spruce container seedling is supplemented with light is shown in table 1, and can be obtained: light supplement after sowing for 20 days, the illumination intensity is 10 mu mol.m-2·s-1The average seedling height of the pure red light quality LED lamp is 1.60cm, and the illumination intensity is 40 mu mol.m-2·s-1The average height of the seedlings is 1.47cm, and the light intensity is 80 mu mol.m-2·s-1The average height of the seedlings is 1.38 cm; light supplement after sowing for 20 days, the illumination intensity is 10 mu mol.m-2·s-1The average seedling height of the red light and far-red light double-color LED lamp is 1.26cm, and the illumination intensity is 40 mu mol.m-2·s-1The average height of the seedlings is 1.67cm, and the light intensity is 80 mu mol.m-2·s-1The average height of the seedlings of (1) was 1.62 cm.
The light supplement intensity after seeding is 10 mu mol.m after 50 days-2·s-1The average seedling height of the pure red light quality LED lamp is 1.670cm, and the illumination intensity is 40 mu mol.m-2·s-1The average height of the seedlings is 1.664cm, and the illumination intensity is 80 mu mol.m-2·s-1The average height of the seedlings is 2.360 cm; the light supplement intensity after seeding is 10 mu mol.m after 50 days-2·s-1The average seedling height of the red light and far-red light double-color LED lamp is 1.376cm, and the illumination intensity is 40 mu mol.m-2·s-1The average height of the seedlings is 2.386cm, and the light intensity is 80 mu mol.m-2·s-1The average height of the seedlings is 2.654 cm.
The light supplement after sowing is carried out for 120 days, and the illumination intensity is 10 mu mol.m-2·s-1The average seedling height of the pure red light quality LED lamp is 2.407cm, and the illumination intensity is 40 mu mol.m-2·s-1The average height of the seedlings is 3.437cm, and the light intensity is 80 mu mol.m-2·s-1The average height of the seedlings is 7.028 cm; the light supplement intensity after seeding is 10 mu mol.m after 50 days-2·s-1The average height of the seedlings of the red light and far-red light double-color LED lamp is 3.525cm, and the illumination intensity is 40 mu mol.m-2·s-1The average height of the seedlings is 4.583cm, and the light intensity is 80 mu mol.m-2·s-1The average height of the seedlings is 8.379 cm.
Table 1: growth change of annual European spruce container seedlings in height (cm) under different light supplement treatments
Note: red light in red light, far-red light double-colored LED lamp in table 1: the ratio of the far-red light illumination intensity is 7: 1.
As can be seen from table 1, compared with the traditional seedling raising technology (i.e. container-free and illumination-supplementing) such as open field seedling raising or bare root seedling raising, which is adopted by the invention, the annual seedling of the european spruce grows for only 5cm, the red light and far-red light double-color LED lamp adopted by the invention has more obvious light supplementing and seedling raising effects, and meanwhile, the pure red light quality LED lamp of the invention also has more excellent light supplementing and seedling raising effects.
The results of the light supplement and seedling raising of the two-year container seedlings are shown in table 2. As can be seen from Table 2, the illumination intensity of the two-year-old European spruce container seedlings is 100 μmol.m-2·s-1After the red light and far-red light double-color LED lamp is used for supplementing light for 40 days, the average seedling height of the container seedlings is 12.93cm, and the average young sprout height is 5.8 cm; after the light supplement is carried out for 100 days, the average height of the container seedlings is 16.93cm, and the average height of the young shoots is 9.47 cm. And the illumination intensity is 100 mu mol.m-2·s-1The average values of the seedling height and the young sprout after the red light, blue light and far red light LED lamps fill light for the container seedlings for 40 daysThe light supplement ranges are respectively 11.8cm and 4.32cm, and the average values of the seedling height and the young sprout are respectively 15.38cm and 7.61cm after the light supplement is carried out for 100 days; the illumination intensity is 100 mu mol.m-2·s-1After the container seedlings are subjected to light supplement for 40 days by the fluorescent lamp, the average values of the seedling height and the young shoots are respectively 10.49cm and 4.16cm, and the average values of the seedling height and the young shoots are respectively 14.38cm and 7.85cm after the container seedlings are subjected to light supplement for 100 days.
Table 2: growth changes of height (cm) and young sprout length (cm) of two-year-old European spruce container seedlings under different light supplement treatments
Note: red light in red light, far-red light double-colored LED lamp in table 2: the ratio of the far-red light illumination intensity is 7: 1; red light in ruddiness, blue light, far-red light three-colour LED lamp: blue light: the ratio of the far-red light illumination intensity is 7:1: 1.
As can be seen from table 2, the light supplementing seedling raising effect of the red-light and far-red-light double-color LED lamp of the present invention is not only significantly superior to that of the conventional seedling raising technology (such as outdoor seedling raising and bare seedling raising), but also significantly superior to that of the existing light supplementing seedling raising technology (i.e., using fluorescent lamps to supplement light to raise seedlings in a greenhouse in a picea spruce container), and the light supplementing seedling raising effect of the red-light, blue-light and far-red-light LED lamp to supplement light to raise seedlings of picea spruce has excellent effects on the seedling height and the young sprout rectangular surface.
By combining the experimental results in tables 1 and 2, the light supplementing seedling raising is performed on the European spruce container seedlings by using the LED lamp and the light supplementing time period, so that on one hand, energy can be saved, pesticide and chemical fertilizer use can be reduced, unlimited seeding and seedling raising throughout the year can be realized, on the other hand, the bred container seedlings are obviously superior to the traditional seedling raising technology and the seedling raising effect of the existing fluorescent lamp in the aspects of seedling height, young sprout length and the like, and the red light and far red light double-color LED lamp has a more obvious light supplementing seedling raising effect compared with LED lamps (such as pure red light LED lamps, red light, blue light and far red light three-color LED lamps) with other light quality and proportion.
Example 2
In this embodiment, the seedling substrate and the light supplement starting time adopted in the light supplement seedling raising process of the container seedlings of picea asperataThe same as example 1 except that 40. mu. mol. m is selected for the light intensity of the LED lamp, and the light supplement time, the light supplement light source red light and the far-red light are selected for the LED lamp-2·s-1、60μmol·m-2·s-1、100μmol·m-2·s-1The fill-in light intensity of the present embodiment is used.
The seedling raising effect of the embodiment is as follows: the seedling height growth after light supplement of annual European spruce container seedlings is shown in Table 3.
Table 3: annual European spruce container seedling grows in height (cm) under different light supplement treatments
Note: red light in red light, far-red light double-colored LED lamp in table 3: the ratio of the far-red light illumination intensity is 7: 1.
As can be seen from Table 3, the light intensity of 100. mu. mol. m was used in this example-2·s-1The effect of growing seedlings was similar to that of example 1, so that light intensity of 80 to 100. mu. mol. m could be used-2·s-1The red light and far-red light double-color LED lamp is used for supplementing light and raising seedlings of the European spruce container seedlings.
Example 3
In this embodiment, the seedling substrate, the light supplement starting time, and the light supplement light source (red light LED lamp, red light and far red light two-color LED lamp, red light, blue light, and far red light three-color LED lamp) used in the light supplement and seedling raising process of the european spruce container seedlings are the same as those in embodiment 1.
The light supplement time is 120 days.
The light intensity for light supplement is 100 μmol · m-2·s-1。
In the light supplement period, except that 8 in embodiment 1: 00-24: 00, other light supplement duration conventionally used in the prior art is also adopted as comparison.
The seedling raising effect of the embodiment is as follows: the height of the annual European spruce container seedling after light supplement is shown in Table 4.
TABLE 4 annual European spruce container seedlings grow 120 days high (cm) under different fill-in light growth
Note: red light in red light, far-red light double-colored LED lamp in table 4: the ratio of the far-red light illumination intensity is 7: 1; red light in ruddiness, blue light, far-red light three-colour LED lamp: blue light: the ratio of the far-red light illumination intensity is 7:1: 1.
As can be seen from table 4, the light supplement period (08: 00-24: 00), namely the time duration, of the invention is 16h, and compared with the light supplement period (08: 00-14: 00) conventionally adopted in the field, namely the light supplement period 6h, the invention has a more excellent effect on the light supplement seedling culture of the european spruce, and after the light supplement period of the invention is adopted for 120 days, the seedling height is obviously superior to the light supplement time duration 6 h; in addition, compared with other light supplement periods, the light supplement period has a remarkably excellent light supplement and seedling raising effect, such as 4 hours (19: 20-23: 20) after sunset, 8 hours (19: 20-03: 20) after sunset and 12 hours (19: 20-07: 20) after sunset.
Example 4
In this embodiment, the seedling substrate, the light supplement starting time, and the light supplement time used in the light supplement and seedling raising process of the european spruce container seedling are the same as those in embodiment 1, except that, in the aspect of the light intensity ratio, red light is selected: the ratio of far-red light illumination intensity is 7:1, 5:1 and 1:0, and the total light intensity is 40 μmol. m-2·s-1The fill-in light intensity of the present embodiment is used.
The seedling raising effect of the embodiment is as follows: the height of the annual European spruce container seedling after light supplement is shown in Table 5.
Table 5: annual European spruce container seedling grows in height (cm) under different light supplement treatments
Note: red light in red light, far-red light double-colored LED lamp in table 5: the ratio of the far-red light illumination intensity is 7: 1.
As can be seen from table 5, red light is used in this example: the far-red light is 7: the illumination intensity ratio of 1 is obviously superior to the illumination intensities of other proportions.
Although the invention has been described in detail hereinabove with respect to a general description and specific embodiments thereof, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications or improvements may be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (13)
1. A light supplementing seedling raising method for a European spruce container seedling is characterized in that after a European spruce seed is sowed, light supplementing treatment is carried out on the container seedling, and a light source for the light supplementing treatment is a red light and far-red light double-color LED lamp, wherein the red light: the illumination intensity ratio of far-red light is 7:1, and the illumination intensity of the light supplementing treatment is 80-100 mu mol.m-2·s-1And the light supplement time period is 8: 00-24: 00.
2. a light supplementing seedling raising method according to claim 1, wherein light supplementing is started after seedlings emerge from a container for an annual container seedling.
3. A light supplementing seedling raising method according to claim 1, wherein light supplementing is started from when more than 80% of seedlings emerge neatly.
4. A light supplementing seedling raising method according to claim 1, wherein light supplementing is started after about 80% of seedlings emerge neatly.
5. A light supplementing seedling raising method according to claim 1, wherein for a two-year-old container seedling, light supplementing is started from the time when the container seedling starts to sprout.
6. A light supplementing seedling raising method according to claim 1, wherein the light supplementing is started from about 80% of container seedlings which are germinated in case of two-year-old container seedlings.
7. A light supplementing and seedling raising method according to claim 1, wherein the wavelength of red light is 660nm, and the wavelength of far-red light is 760 nm.
8. A light supplementing seedling raising method according to claim 1, wherein the light supplementing time is 100-120 days.
9. A light supplementing seedling raising method according to claim 8, wherein the light supplementing time is 120 days.
10. A light supplementing seedling raising method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the seedling raising substrate for raising the container seedlings of spruce comprises: the volume ratio is 5:1 peat soil and perlite.
11. A light-supplementing seedling growing method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, further comprising, before sowing, subjecting spruce seeds to pregermination using a light incubator.
12. The use of the light-supplementing seedling growing method according to any one of claims 1 to 11 in growing container seedlings of picea asperata.
13. Use according to claim 12, wherein the seeds of european spruce are from canada.
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