CN102771344A - Plant seedling culture method - Google Patents
Plant seedling culture method Download PDFInfo
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- CN102771344A CN102771344A CN2012102683117A CN201210268311A CN102771344A CN 102771344 A CN102771344 A CN 102771344A CN 2012102683117 A CN2012102683117 A CN 2012102683117A CN 201210268311 A CN201210268311 A CN 201210268311A CN 102771344 A CN102771344 A CN 102771344A
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of plant seedling culture, in particular to a plant seedling culture method, which is suitable for culturing strong seedlings during leaf vegetable plant seedling culture. At a strong plant seedling culture stage of the culture method, red LED (light-emitting diode) lamps and blue LED lamps are used for irradiating plants to culture strong seedlings in a strong seedling culture box, wherein the daytime temperature of the strong seedling culture box is kept to be 23-27DEG C, the nighttime temperature of the strong seedling culture box is kept to be 15-20DEG C and the relative humidity of the strong seedling culture box is kept to be 70-80 percent. The plant seedling culture method has the advantages that the aboveground parts of small seedlings can be enabled to be strong, the photosynthesis is promoted, the underground parts of the small seedlings are well-developed, the absorption of water and nutrient substances is promoted, the growth of the plants is facilitated, the transplanting survival rate is improved, the seedling culture period and the transplanted seedling resuming growth period are shortened, and the yield is improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the botanical seedling culturing field, be specifically related to a kind of botanical seedling culturing method, be applicable to the strong sprout in the leaf vegetables botanical seedling culturing.
Background technology
At present; Continuous expansion along with plant production area and scale; In order to reduce the risk of growing seedlings; Increasing plant production unit selects to unify to grow seedlings or selects reliably that the unit of growing seedlings buys the finished product seedling that cultivates, and so just needs the increasing seedling of more and more large-scale unified cultivation.If it is bad that rearing condition is held, will cause very big business risk to the unit of growing seedlings, for the various aspects of educating seedling whole growth process cause irreversible lifelong influence.
Usually high density is bred seedling under employing natural daylight and the artificial light illumination condition, and often need carry out light filling.Above-mentioned light compensation method has two kinds basically: the one, and to adopt sunshine, but be difficult to grasp intensity of illumination, the good general seedling of can tanning severely is crossed in illumination, and it is abundant inadequately that the photosynthesis of weak seedling is crossed in illumination, and the influence growth is unfavorable for that all seedling carries out good growth; The 2nd, adopt the fluorescent lamp light filling, though can control luminous intensity usually, the spectrum of this light is not the spectrum that is best suited for growth of seedling, and insufficient because of photosynthesis, seedling is unhealthy and strong.Simultaneously, will cause vegetative period long, the leaf vegetables plant growing cycle is about 60d usually; Traditional seedling-cultivating method grow seedlings required time generally reach 20d and more than; Account for 1/3 of whole plants growth cycle, even more, seriously restricted the rapidity and the high efficiency of plant production.”
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the deficiency of above-mentioned prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of botanical seedling culturing method, be applicable to growing seedlings in the leaf vegetables botanical seedling culturing; Can be under the seedling high density be bred situation; Control growing shortens growing-seedling period better, produces more healthy and stronger seedling.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts following technical scheme to be achieved.
Technical scheme one:
A kind of botanical seedling culturing method is characterized in that, the plant stage in strong sprout, in the strong sprout case, adopt red-light LED lamp and blue LED lamp to shine plant strong sprout, wherein strong sprout 23-27 ℃ of case day temperature, nocturnal temperature 15-20 ℃, relative moisture 70-80%.
The characteristics of technique scheme are with further improving:
The light quantum density of said red-light LED lamp and blue LED lamp is than being 1:1.
The red light wavelength of said red-light LED lamp is 640-680nm, and the blue light wavelength of blue LED lamp is 430-470nm.
Technical scheme two:
A kind of botanical seedling culturing method is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
(1) seed selection: the leaf vegetables plant seed with cold water flush 3 times, is removed relatively poor seed of maturity and impurity;
(2) sterilization: the seed after will cleaning place the water yield be about seed volume 4-6 doubly, the water of 50-60 ℃, immersion 8-12min;
(3) seed soaking: it is that 23-27 ℃ water soaks 240-480min that sterile seed is placed temperature;
(4) sowing: the seed that will soak, be put in respectively and complete in the dish hole, cave, 72 holes of fully drenching seedling medium, 2 seeds are placed in each hole, cave, on seed, repave one deck matrix then, and stromal thickness is 4-6mm;
(5) sprout: on the dish of cave, cover shade respectively, day temperature is controlled at 23-27 ℃, and relative moisture is set at 80-90%, and nocturnal temperature is controlled at 15-20 ℃, and relative moisture is set at 80-90%;
(6) strong sprout: 72-96h after planting, treat that the seedling cotyledon is unearthed and reach 110 strains at least, throw off shading net, 72 holes dish is all placed the case in strong sprout.Environmental parameter is respectively in the strong sprout case: LED illumination chip installing space is 15cmX15cm-20cmX25, irradiation distance 20-50cm, red-light spectrum wavelength 640-680nm; Blue spectrum wavelength 430-470nm; Red blue light quantum density is than being 1:1, and day temperature is controlled at 23-27 ℃, and nocturnal temperature is controlled at 15-20 ℃; Relative moisture is reduced to 70-80%, and the time in strong sprout is 10d.
Botanical seedling culturing method of the present invention is applicable to the strong sprout in the leaf vegetables botanical seedling culturing, is the application of LEDs lamp carries out the processing in strong sprout as plant light source.Wherein, the LED light fixture has plurality of advantages such as light efficiency is high, heating is low, volume is little, the life-span is long, compares conventional light source, and led light source in agriculture lighting field advantage clearly is mainly reflected in the following aspects.
(1) biological efficiency is high.Research shows that photosynthesis of plant mainly is to utilize the blood orange light of wavelength for 610-720nm (crest is 660nm), and the luminous energy of absorption accounts for about 55% of its physiological radiation; Next is that wavelength is the royal purple light of 400-510nm (crest is 450nm), and the luminous energy of absorption accounts for about 8% of its physiological radiation.And in the radiation spectrum of conventional light source except red blue light, exist a large amount of green glows and infrared light composition toward contact, these spectral components are little to the benefit of photosynthesis of plant; On the other hand, the radiation spectrum of conventional light source is often uneven as far as the plant demand, such as fluorescent lamp just exists the too much problem of blue light ingredient, and these have all reduced the availability of plant to the conventional light source emittance.By contrast, utilize LED as the plant light source, then can control its radiation spectrum all is red blue wave band; And can accurately adjust its red blue light matter ratio according to the different demands of different plants, and make its emittance can be entirely the plant absorbing utilization, compare conventional light source; Improve its biological efficiency greatly, improved the photosynthetic rate of plant, promoted the synthetic and conversion of photosynthetic product; Accelerate the growth and the division of cell, improve growth rate, shorten growth cycle.
(2) can improve plant cultivation density greatly.On the one hand, because led light source is compact, compares its volume of conventional light source and reduce greatly; On the other hand, because producing great amount of heat, conventional light source is radiated plant surface, during as plant light filling light source; Must keep certain interval with plant, high-pressure mercury lamp for example, general in use the requirement and plant 1m at least at interval; And LED belongs to cold light source, and its radiation spectrum is far smaller than conventional light source to the fuel factor of plant, even irradiation at short distance can not cause plant to burn yet; Therefore can realize irradiation at short distance to plant; Like this, the distance that in plant factor or group training, just can dwindle the cultivating stand interlayer greatly improves the unit space planting density of space utilization efficient and plant greatly.
(3) energy-saving effect of LED agricultural illumination application is remarkable.According to statistics, in the training of fluorescent lamp group was produced, the illumination energy consumption accounted for the 30%-40% of operation energy consumption, and in fluorescent lamp plantling factory, the energy consumption ratio is more up to 82%.Utilize LED to substitute the illumination energy consumption that traditional lighting source can significantly reduce these agricultural productions.Light filling experiment as in the greenhouse, utilizing LED shows, compares LED with traditional high-pressure mercury lamp and metal halid lamp etc. and can save energy 50%-80%; In plant factor, use conventional light source to need for every square metre to be equipped with 0.5 kilowatt light source, and LED only need 0.27 kilowatt, it is half the approximately that power consumption is descended.
(4) compare with the tradition side of growing seedlings and have that growing-seedling period is short, the dish seedling healthy and strong, be convenient to transplant, transplant the characteristics that the back growth is fast, resistance against diseases is strong, output is high.
Botanical seedling culturing method of the present invention is applicable to the strong sprout in the leaf vegetables botanical seedling culturing, and seedling acrial part that order is educated is healthy and strong; Promote photosynthesis, under ground portion is flourishing, promotes the absorption to moisture and nutriment; Help plant growing, improve transplanting survival rate, shorten nursery stage and transplant seedling-slowing stage; Improve output, strengthen the defensive ability/resistance ability of damage by disease and insect.
Embodiment
Preferred embodiment below in conjunction with concrete explains further details to the present invention.
Embodiment 1
(1) seed selection: four seasons a variety of Chinese cabbage seed with cold water flush 3 times, is removed relatively poor seed of maturity and impurity;
(2) sterilization: the seed after will cleaning places the water yield to be about the water of 4 times of seed volumes, 50 ℃ of constant temperature, soaks 8min;
(3) seed soaking: it is that 23 ℃ water soaks 240min that sterile seed is placed temperature;
(4) sowing: the seed that will soak, be put in respectively and complete in the dish hole, cave, 72 holes of fully drenching seedling medium, 2 seeds are placed in each hole, cave, on seed, repave one deck matrix then, and stromal thickness is 4mm;
(5) sprout: on the dish of cave, cover shade respectively, day temperature is controlled at 23-27 ℃, and relative moisture is set at 80%, and nocturnal temperature is controlled at 15-20 ℃, and relative moisture is set at 90%;
(6) strong sprout: 72-96h after planting, treat that the seedling cotyledon is unearthed and reach 110 strains at least, throw off shading net, 72 holes dish is all placed the case in strong sprout.Environmental parameter is respectively in the strong sprout case: LED illumination chip installing space is 15cmX15cm, irradiation distance 50cm, red-light spectrum wavelength 640nm; Blue spectrum wavelength 430nm; Red blue light quantum density is than being 1:1,23-27 ℃ of day temperature scope, 15-20 ℃ of nocturnal temperature scope; Relative moisture is reduced to 70%, and the time in strong sprout is 10d.
Through the method strong sprout handling 144 unearthed seedling 15d that randomly draw, about the plant height 5cm of 136 seedlings, strain directly reaches 2mm and above, true leaf 3-4 sheet, account for the experiment seedling ratio 94.4%, can all transplant.
And not through 144 of the seedlings of randomly drawing handled strong sprout, the back 15d that is unearthed only has about 27 seedling plant height 5cm, strain footpath 2mm and above, true leaf 3-4 sheet, reaches the ratio less than 20% of above standard; After cultivating 5d again, behind the back 20d that promptly is unearthed, the seedling ratio that reaches above processing transplanting standard just reaches 90%, reaches the transplanting requirement.
Simultaneously, select for use sharp leaf oil wheat dish and glass romaine lettuce seed to experimentize according to above-mentioned steps respectively, its, effect was similar with the effect of selecting four seasons a variety of Chinese cabbage seed for use in strong sprout.
Embodiment 2
(1) seed selection: the dirty oil Chinese cabbage seed with cold water flush at least 3 times, is removed relatively poor seed of maturity and impurity;
(2) sterilization: the seed after will cleaning places the water yield to be about 5 times of seed volumes, in the water that constant temperature is 55 ℃, soaks 10min;
(3) seed soaking: it is that 25 ℃ water soaks 360min that sterile seed is placed temperature respectively;
(4) sowing: the seed that will soak, be put in respectively and complete in the dish hole, cave, 72 holes of fully drenching seedling medium, 2 seeds are placed in each hole, cave, on seed, repave one deck matrix then, and stromal thickness is 5mm;
(5) sprout: on the dish of cave, cover shade, day temperature is controlled at 23-27 ℃, and relative moisture is controlled at 85%, and nocturnal temperature is controlled at 15-20 ℃, and relative moisture is controlled at 85%;
(6) strong sprout: 72-96h after planting, treat that the seedling cotyledon is unearthed to be not less than 110 strains, throw off shading net, 72 holes dish is placed the case in strong sprout.Environmental parameter is respectively in the strong sprout case: LED illumination chip installing space is 20cmX20cm, irradiation distance 30cm, red-light spectrum wavelength 660nm; Blue spectrum wavelength 450nm; Red blue light quantum density ratio is 1:1,23-27 ℃ of day temperature scope, and night, the temperature scope was 15-20 ℃; Relative moisture is reduced to 75%, and the time in strong sprout is 10d.
Through the method strong sprout handling 138 unearthed seedling 15d that randomly draw, about the plant height 5cm of 138 seedlings, strain directly reaches 2mm and above, true leaf 3-4 sheet, account for the experiment seedling ratio 95.83%, can all transplant.
And not through 144 of the seedlings of randomly drawing handled strong sprout, the back 15d that is unearthed only has about 25 seedling plant height 5cm, strain footpath 2mm and above, true leaf 3-4 sheet, reaches the ratio less than 20% of above standard; After cultivating 5d again, behind the back 20d that promptly is unearthed, the seedling ratio that reaches above processing transplanting standard just reaches 90%, reaches the transplanting requirement.
Simultaneously, select for use the blue or green Chinese little greens in Shanghai, the big parsley leaf seed of Australia heat resistanceheat resistant to experimentize according to above-mentioned steps respectively, its, effect was similar with the effect of selecting the dirty oil Chinese cabbage seed for use in strong sprout.
Embodiment 3
(1) seed selection: with spring and autumn the Da Ye spinach seed with cold water flush at least 3 times, remove relatively poor seed of maturity and impurity;
(2) sterilization: the seed after will cleaning places the water yield to be about 6 times of seed volumes, in the water that constant temperature is 60 ℃, soaks 12min;
(3) seed soaking: it is that 27 ℃ water soaks 480min that sterile seed is placed temperature;
(4) sowing: the seed that will soak, be put in and complete in the dish hole, cave, 72 holes of fully drenching seedling medium, 2 seeds are placed in each hole, cave, on seed, repave one deck matrix then, and stromal thickness is 6mm;
(5) sprout: on the dish of cave, cover shade, day temperature is controlled at 23-27 ℃, and relative moisture is controlled at 90%, and nocturnal temperature is controlled at 15-20 ℃, and relative moisture is set at 80%;
(6) strong sprout: 72-96h after planting, treat that the seedling cotyledon is unearthed to be not less than 110 strains, throw off shading net, 72 holes dish is all placed the case in strong sprout.Environmental parameter is respectively in the strong sprout case: LED illumination chip installing space is 20cmX25cm, irradiation distance 20cm, red-light spectrum wavelength 680nm; Blue spectrum wavelength 470nm; Red blue light quantum density is than being 1:1,23-27 ℃ of day temperature scope, 15-20 ℃ of nocturnal temperature scope; Humidity is reduced to 80%, and the time in strong sprout is 10d.
Through the method strong sprout handling 138 unearthed seedling 15d that randomly draw, about the plant height 5cm of 137 seedlings, strain directly reaches 2mm and above, true leaf 3-4 sheet, account for the experiment seedling ratio 95.1%, can all transplant.
And not through 144 of the seedlings of randomly drawing handled strong sprout, the back 15d that is unearthed only has about 27 seedling plant height 5cm, strain footpath 2mm and above, true leaf 3-4 sheet, reaches the ratio less than 20% of above standard; After cultivating 5d again, behind the back 20d that promptly is unearthed, the seedling ratio that reaches above processing transplanting standard just reaches 90%, reaches the transplanting requirement.
Simultaneously, select for use original seed leaflet crowndaisy chrysanthemum, glass romaine lettuce seed to experimentize according to above-mentioned steps respectively, its, effect was similar with the effect of selecting Da Ye spinach seed in spring and autumn for use in strong sprout.
This method is educated the seedling robust growth, stem is thick, internode is short, no damage by disease and insect; Blade is big and thick, and cotyledon and true leaf to give birth to until gathering in the crops fashion for the first time and do not come off, and well developed root system, fibrous root are many; From seedling culture hole plate, at root matrix is bundled into little native ball in the process of transplanting out, and can completely takes up; Shorten at least 1/4 than the conventional seedbed system fate; Remedied insufficient light in the conventional seedbed system cultivating facility to a certain extent, the not high and excessive shortcoming of energy consumption of artificial light filling photosynthetic efficiency; Solved that the too high seedling that causes of seedling density is thin and delicate, excessive growth, root system is undeveloped, growing-seedling period is long and transplanting survival rate is lower problem; Transplanting seedling time behind effective shortening plantlet of transplant; The ability that healthy and strong plant is resisted damage by disease and insect for quickening seedling growth of later stage speed, raising output and enhancing provides important prerequisite and guarantee.
Claims (4)
1. a botanical seedling culturing method is characterized in that, the plant stage in strong sprout, in the strong sprout case, adopt red-light LED lamp and blue LED lamp to shine plant strong sprout, wherein strong sprout 23-27 ℃ of case day temperature, temperature 15-20 ℃ of night, relative moisture 70-80%.
2. botanical seedling culturing method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the light quantum density of said red-light LED lamp and blue LED lamp is than being 1:1.
3. botanical seedling culturing method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the red light wavelength of said red-light LED lamp is 640-680nm, and the blue light wavelength of blue LED lamp is 430-470nm.
4. a botanical seedling culturing method is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
(1) seed selection: the leaf vegetables plant seed with cold water flush 3 times, is removed relatively poor seed of maturity and impurity;
(2) sterilization: the seed after will cleaning place the water yield be about seed volume 4-6 doubly, the water of 50-60 ℃, immersion 8-12min;
(3) seed soaking: it is that 23-27 ℃ water soaks 240-480mi n that sterile seed is placed temperature;
(4) sowing: the seed that will soak, be put in respectively and complete in the dish hole, cave, 72 holes of fully drenching seedling medium, 2 seeds are placed in each hole, cave, on seed, repave one deck matrix then, and stromal thickness is 4-6mm;
(5) sprout: on the dish of cave, cover shade respectively, day temperature is controlled at 23-27 ℃, and relative moisture is set at 80-90%, and nocturnal temperature is controlled at 15-20 ℃, and relative moisture is set at 80-90%;
(6) strong sprout: 72-96h after planting, treat that the seedling cotyledon is unearthed and reach 110 strains at least, throw off shading net, 72 holes dish is all placed the case in strong sprout.Environmental parameter is respectively in the strong sprout case: LED illumination chip installing space is 15cmX15cm-20cmX25, irradiation distance 20-50cm, red-light spectrum wavelength 640-680nm; Blue spectrum wavelength 430-470nm; Red blue light quantum density is than being 1:1, and day temperature is controlled at 23-27 ℃, and nocturnal temperature is controlled at 15-20 ℃; Relative moisture is reduced to 70-80%, and the time in strong sprout is 10d.
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| CN106211956A (en) * | 2016-03-31 | 2016-12-14 | 贵州省亚热带作物研究所 | Easy Guizhou Mountain Fructus Mangifera Indicae bare-root seeding field planting method |
| CN107743847A (en) * | 2017-09-29 | 2018-03-02 | 铜仁市万山区青蕴农业生态园有限公司 | A kind of method for improving eggplant germination percentage using light quality is compounded |
| CN108605465A (en) * | 2018-05-07 | 2018-10-02 | 深圳文科园林股份有限公司 | A method of Bermuda grass is cultivated using artificial light source |
| CN108738820A (en) * | 2018-06-20 | 2018-11-06 | 内蒙古蒙草生态环境（集团）股份有限公司 | A kind of interior lawn light compensation method and indoor lawn stage lawn formation method |
| CN108811870A (en) * | 2018-04-12 | 2018-11-16 | 中国林业科学研究院林业研究所 | A kind of spectrum being adapted to European spruce growth of seedling and proportion |
| CN111448903A (en) * | 2020-04-30 | 2020-07-28 | 上海市农业科学院 | Light-controlled pepper seedling growing method and illumination equipment |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106211956A (en) * | 2016-03-31 | 2016-12-14 | 贵州省亚热带作物研究所 | Easy Guizhou Mountain Fructus Mangifera Indicae bare-root seeding field planting method |
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| CN108605465A (en) * | 2018-05-07 | 2018-10-02 | 深圳文科园林股份有限公司 | A method of Bermuda grass is cultivated using artificial light source |
| CN108738820A (en) * | 2018-06-20 | 2018-11-06 | 内蒙古蒙草生态环境（集团）股份有限公司 | A kind of interior lawn light compensation method and indoor lawn stage lawn formation method |
| CN111448903A (en) * | 2020-04-30 | 2020-07-28 | 上海市农业科学院 | Light-controlled pepper seedling growing method and illumination equipment |
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| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |
Application publication date: 20121114 |