CN107509490A - A kind of High Yield Potato integral cultivating technology - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention discloses a kind of High Yield Potato integral cultivating technology, belongs to technical field of crop cultivation.The specific steps that the technology includes have：From virus-free seed potato, full film black film side broadcast, fertilization compositions based on earth measurement, field management, integrated pest prevention and control.The present invention by potato planting technical specification, become more meticulous, be advantageous to improve its yield and increase farmers' income.

Description

A kind of High Yield Potato integral cultivating technology

Technical field

The invention belongs to technical field of crop cultivation, more particularly to a kind of High Yield Potato integral cultivating technology.

Background technology

Potato, Solanaceae Solanum, annual herb plant, nickname potato, potato, potato etc..The artificial cultivation of potato The south of Peru area that about B.C. 8000 to 5000 can be traced back to earliest.Originate in the secret of South America andes region Shandong and a Chilean band.The wide geographic area of China from south to north can plant.Therefore, plantation buckwheat has wide market prospects, It is one of good approach of peasant programme.

The content of the invention

The technical problems to be solved by the invention are the deficiencies for existing potato culture technology, there is provided a kind of potato High-yield culture technique, be advantageous to improve its yield and increase farmers' income.

To achieve these goals, the present invention is achieved using following technical scheme：

A kind of High Yield Potato integral cultivating technology, including following specific steps：

（One）From virus-free seed potato

1st, potato seed selects

(1) virus-free seed potato selects：Production of Large Fields potato kind must select qualified detoxification one-level virus-free potato kind, in detoxification one-level kind When potato is in short supply, two level virus-free potato kind can be selected, never cook potato kind with crop field commodity potato after three generations.

(2) variety selection：Select high yield, such as kind of strong stress resistance, Zhuangshu 3, Gansu Province potato 3, Gansu Province potato 5.

, potato seed processing

(1) bask seeds：Potato seed is divided on soil property field, is basked seeds 2~3 days, is avoided and basked seeds on concrete floor, it is strict during basking seeds to reject Deformity, crack, catch an illness, potato kind of damaging by worms, ensure that no Solanum carolinense kind is pure, laid the foundation for high yield.

(2) cutting knife sterilizes：Potato seed stripping and slicing is unsuitable too small, and stripping and slicing weight is not less than 30 grams, every piece of eye for carrying more than 2. Disease potato, rotten potato are such as found during stripping and slicing, is thrown away immediately, and cutting knife is carried out disinfection, to prevent cutting knife disease carrying germ.It is general to prepare two Cutting knife, sterilization can use liquor potassic permanganate, 5% lysol solution, 75% alcohol, baked wheaten cake or boiling water to sterilize, by peasant household's condition selection One of them.

(2) full film black film side is broadcast

1st, the ridging overlay film time

Qingcheng County carries out top and insults overlay film in early March or so.

, plot selection, specification paddles

Plot preferably selects relatively flat physical features, fertile soil, the terraced fields of thicker soil, gentle slope（Less than 15 degree）Nonirrigated farmland and plateau, Preceding stubble is preferred with beans, wheat crops for rotation.A marking ga(u)ge is made with waddy or batten, specification is paddled in field.35 lis away from rand First great Long and micro-ridge, small 40 centimetres of row spacing, big 70 centimetres of row spacing, big 110 centimetres of micro-ridge beam overall are first marked at rice.

, concentrate fertilising, ridging overlay film

Deep about 10 centimetres shallow ridges is first opened among the big ridge pulled, chemical fertilizer used is concentrated by the amount of application of every mu of determination and applied The ridge bottom on big ridge.Then ridging is ploughed back and forth along the line of great Long both sides with walking plough, it is 70 centimetres to form bottom width with hand rake arrangement, ridge High 15~20 centimetres of big ridge, and mouldboard when playing big ridge is fallen into soil hand harrowed to scrape between micro-ridge, being organized into 40 centimetres of ridge bottom width, The micro-ridge that high 10~15 centimetres of ridge.It is required that furrow width is uniform, ridge height is consistent.Rise behind good ridge with 120 centimetres of black The full covered ground of film, two width film joints are real with the table soil pressure in adjacent furrow among micro-ridge, every 3~5 meters of horizontal firmings Waistband, the latter week left and right of overlay film, mulch film are close to ridge face or after rainfalls, every 50 centimetres of punchings in furrow, make in furrow Catchment to penetrate into soil in time.

, begin sowing in good time, rational close planting

(1) seedtime and density：Generally the first tenday period of a month in late April to May are sowed preferably.Planting density is carried out according to regional condition Adjustment, the higher bonding lift spacing in the rows of fertility are 35 centimetres, and every mu is kept a full stand of seedings 3200 plants, and the relatively low mountain nonirrigated farmland of fertility and valley can be appropriate 37 centimetres are loosened to, every mu is kept a full stand of seedings 3000 plants.

(2) type of seeding and depth：First with dibbler in first planting hole of furrow side opening, soil is proposed, point in hole Kind, the original soil of proposition is covered, by that analogy to finishing.So sow, to the damaged less of mulch film, film surface does not have surface dust totally, And depth of planting is consistent, straight uniform of emerging, work efficiency is improved.Because full-film covering field is unable to cultivation and banking, depth of planting compared with Open country is deep, beneficial to the generation of sobole, 8~12 centimetres of depth of planting.

（Three）Fertilization compositions based on earth measurement

1st, fertilization principle

For fertilizer type based on farm manure, chemical fertilizer is supplement；Fertilizing method is based on base manure, supplemented by top dressing.

, fertilising quantity, period and method

Every mu of dose of farm manure should reach 3000 kilograms, be completely used as base manure.The fertilising of fertilizer amount reference formulation determines suitable Suitable kind and quantity.Farm manure prior to seeding site preparation when be spread on ground, chemical fertilizer is well mixed, and great Long ridges base is applied during ridging Portion.Top dressing should be carried out before bud stage.

（Four）Field management

1st, seedling is looked into fill the gaps with seedlings

Observation is paid attention to during emergence, such as seedling and planting hole dislocation, seedling should be put in time, to prevent burn seedlings, after planting meets rainfall, can be existed Formed hardened on planting hole, should be broken in time by hardened, emerged with profit；Seedling is looked into after emergence, fill the gaps with seedlings and pulls out sick seedling.

, extract bud

Bud is extractd in time using artificial in flower bud phase and florescence, is saved nutrient, is expanded for stem tuber.

, spray paclobutrazol

Paclobutrazol is sprayed in bud stage, suppresses the prosperous length of plant, makes stalk short strong, reduces aerial consumption nutrient, it is swollen for potato wedge Greatly.Every mu with 14.4~19.2 milliliters of 24~32 grams of 15% pulvis of paclobutrazol or 25% missible oil, is watered 40 milliliters in potato haulm Upper spraying.

（Five）Integrated pest prevention and control

1st, disease control

(1) virus disease control：Good detoxification breeding of method and stable net canopy potato kind Breeding base are established, develops virus-free potato kind Specialist, seed field prevent aphid early.

(2) late blight, early blight preventing and treating：Cause the mainly late blight seriously endangered.Rainwater is on the high side and before the plant florescence Occur seriously, to carry out the key that prevention is late blight of potato preventing and treating afterwards.It was found that during primary infection focus, can with 70% Mancozeb 800 times of nights, or sprayed with 25% metalaxyl wettable powder, 800 times of liquid, or 85% metalaxyl manganese-zinc wettable powder, 800 times of liquid Mist, or sprayed with 687.5 g/l of fluorine bacterium Propamocarb suspending agents, 800 times of liquid.Sprayed 1 time every 7 days, even spray 3~4 times.

(3) ring rot is prevented and treated：Ring rot belongs to vascular bundle bacterium infection disease, without effectively preventing and treating chemical pesticide.In ring rot Serious region, take and establish disease-free potato farming, selected disease-free potato seed, eliminate Virus-infested, forbid cutting knife to infect, selection is disease-resistant The method for integrated control such as kind are prevented and treated.

, pest control

(1) ground control of insect：The common mainly upper insect pest of potato has aphid, potato ladybug.Hundred plants of aphid early period of origination Aphid amount reaches 5, aphid strain rate is when reaching 2%, and potato ladybug adult strain rate reaches/square metre of 1%, insect density 5~8 When, add 2500 times of sprayings of water with 2.5% decis or prevented and treated with 48% 1000~1500 times of liquid of chlopyrifos.

(2) controlling underground pest：Potato subterranean pest-insect mainly has grub, wireworm, mole cricket.Subterranean pest-insect harm is serious Plot, during site preparation ridging, every mu of use 0.5 kilogram of 48% chlorpyrifos ec, 15 kilograms of refinement sandy soil, spread fertilizer over the fields after pesticide-clay mixture is made, or It is dissolved in water with 90% 500 grams of trichlorphon, is sprayed on 35 kilograms of fine earths and prepares pesticide-clay mixture, be spread on native table before arable land, plough soil Mix the subterranean pest-insects such as control of grubs, wireworm.

Claims (1)

1. A kind of 1. High Yield Potato integral cultivating technology, it is characterised in that：Including following specific steps：

   （1）Virus-free seed potato selects：Production of Large Fields potato kind must select qualified detoxification one-level virus-free potato kind, in detoxification one-level kind When potato is in short supply, two level virus-free potato kind can be selected, never cook potato kind with crop field commodity potato after three generations；

   （2）Variety selection：Select high yield, such as kind of strong stress resistance, Zhuangshu 3, Gansu Province potato 3, Gansu Province potato 5；

   （3）Bask seeds：Potato seed is divided on soil property field, is basked seeds 2~3 days, is avoided and basked seeds on concrete floor, it is strict during basking seeds to reject Deformity, crack, catch an illness, potato kind of damaging by worms, ensure that no Solanum carolinense kind is pure, laid the foundation for high yield；

   （4）Cutting knife sterilizes：Potato seed stripping and slicing is unsuitable too small, and stripping and slicing weight is not less than 30 grams, every piece of eye for carrying more than 2；Cut Disease potato, rotten potato are such as found during block, is thrown away immediately, and cutting knife is carried out disinfection, to prevent cutting knife disease carrying germ；General preparation two is cut Knife, sterilization can use liquor potassic permanganate, 5% lysol solution, 75% alcohol, baked wheaten cake or boiling water to sterilize, it selected by peasant household's condition One of；

   （5）Plot selection, specification are paddled：Plot preferably selects relatively flat physical features, fertile soil, the terraced fields of thicker soil, gentle slope （Less than 15 degree）Nonirrigated farmland and plateau, preceding stubble is preferred with beans, wheat crops for rotation；A marking ga(u)ge is made with waddy or batten, in field Between specification paddle；First great Long and micro-ridge, small 40 centimetres of row spacing, big 70 lis of row spacing are first marked away from the centimeters of rand 35 Rice, big 110 centimetres of micro-ridge beam overall；

   （6）Concentrate fertilising, ridging overlay film：Deep about 10 centimetres shallow ridges is first opened among the big ridge pulled, by chemical fertilizer used by every The amount of application that mu determines concentrates the ridge bottom for applying big ridge；Then ridging is ploughed back and forth along the line of great Long both sides with walking plough, harrowed with hand It is 70 centimetres that arrangement, which forms bottom width, the big ridge on high 15~20 centimetres of ridge, and mouldboard when playing big ridge is fallen into soil hand rake and scraped to small Between ridge, 40 centimetres of ridge bottom width, the micro-ridge that high 10~15 centimetres of ridge are organized into；It is required that furrow width is uniform, ridge height is consistent；Rise With 120 centimetres of the full covered ground of black mulch film behind good ridge, two width film joints are among micro-ridge, with the table in adjacent furrow Soil pressure is real, and every 3~5 meters of horizontal firming waistbands, the latter week left and right of overlay film, mulch film is close to ridge face or after rainfall, every in furrow Every 50 centimetres of punchings, catchmenting in furrow is set to penetrate into time in soil.