CN1074867A - 具有电动转换器和操纵杆的无轨车辆 - Google Patents
具有电动转换器和操纵杆的无轨车辆 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1074867A CN1074867A CN92112847A CN92112847A CN1074867A CN 1074867 A CN1074867 A CN 1074867A CN 92112847 A CN92112847 A CN 92112847A CN 92112847 A CN92112847 A CN 92112847A CN 1074867 A CN1074867 A CN 1074867A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- energy
- explosive motor
- vehicle
- motor
- power
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
- B60K6/46—Series type
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L1/00—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
- B60L1/02—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles to electric heating circuits
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
- B60L15/20—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
- B60L15/2045—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed for optimising the use of energy
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
- B60L15/20—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
- B60L15/209—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed for overtaking
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/30—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power stored mechanically, e.g. in fly-wheels
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
- B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
- B60L50/61—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries by batteries charged by engine-driven generators, e.g. series hybrid electric vehicles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
- B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
- B60W10/06—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of combustion engines
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
- B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
- B60W10/08—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D11/00—Arrangements for, or adaptations to, non-automatic engine control initiation means, e.g. operator initiated
- F02D11/06—Arrangements for, or adaptations to, non-automatic engine control initiation means, e.g. operator initiated characterised by non-mechanical control linkages, e.g. fluid control linkages or by control linkages with power drive or assistance
- F02D11/10—Arrangements for, or adaptations to, non-automatic engine control initiation means, e.g. operator initiated characterised by non-mechanical control linkages, e.g. fluid control linkages or by control linkages with power drive or assistance of the electric type
- F02D11/105—Arrangements for, or adaptations to, non-automatic engine control initiation means, e.g. operator initiated characterised by non-mechanical control linkages, e.g. fluid control linkages or by control linkages with power drive or assistance of the electric type characterised by the function converting demand to actuation, e.g. a map indicating relations between an accelerator pedal position and throttle valve opening or target engine torque
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D31/00—Use of speed-sensing governors to control combustion engines, not otherwise provided for
- F02D31/001—Electric control of rotation speed
- F02D31/007—Electric control of rotation speed controlling fuel supply
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
- B60K17/34—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles
- B60K17/356—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles having fluid or electric motor, for driving one or more wheels
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K26/00—Arrangements or mounting of propulsion unit control devices in vehicles
- B60K26/02—Arrangements or mounting of propulsion unit control devices in vehicles of initiating means or elements
- B60K26/021—Arrangements or mounting of propulsion unit control devices in vehicles of initiating means or elements with means for providing feel, e.g. by changing pedal force characteristics
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K7/00—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel
- B60K7/0007—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel the motor being electric
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2200/00—Type of vehicles
- B60L2200/26—Rail vehicles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2220/00—Electrical machine types; Structures or applications thereof
- B60L2220/10—Electrical machine types
- B60L2220/14—Synchronous machines
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2220/00—Electrical machine types; Structures or applications thereof
- B60L2220/40—Electrical machine applications
- B60L2220/44—Wheel Hub motors, i.e. integrated in the wheel hub
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2250/00—Driver interactions
- B60L2250/26—Driver interactions by pedal actuation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2250/00—Driver interactions
- B60L2250/26—Driver interactions by pedal actuation
- B60L2250/28—Accelerator pedal thresholds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2260/00—Operating Modes
- B60L2260/10—Temporary overload
- B60L2260/12—Temporary overload of combustion engines
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2260/00—Operating Modes
- B60L2260/20—Drive modes; Transition between modes
- B60L2260/28—Four wheel or all wheel drive
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W2540/00—Input parameters relating to occupants
- B60W2540/10—Accelerator pedal position
- B60W2540/103—Accelerator thresholds, e.g. kickdown
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W2540/00—Input parameters relating to occupants
- B60W2540/10—Accelerator pedal position
- B60W2540/106—Rate of change
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
- Control Of Vehicle Engines Or Engines For Specific Uses (AREA)
- Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
- Arrangement Or Mounting Of Propulsion Units For Vehicles (AREA)
Abstract
一种小客车或载货车,包括由内燃发动机(4)和
发电机(6)组成的机组,该机组经大功率电子能量分
配器(8)向联接在车辆驱动轮(14、18)上的电动机(12、
16)供电。作为附加能源还设置了蓄电池(22),它也
可经能量存储器(22)与电动机(12、16)相耦合。电子
控制单元(20)接收行驶踏板(27)发出的行驶信号,特
别是位置信号和速度信号(α,α′)。行驶踏板(27)的位
置信号(α)代表要求内燃发动机(4)提供某种特定的持
续功率。内燃发动机例如在被要求提供最大功率耦
合,以便最佳地(如消耗低)增速到新的运行点。在此
期间车辆加速所需的能量由蓄电池(22)提供。速度
信号(α′)确定加速度的大小,利用选择开关可切换到
关闭内燃发动机的纯蓄电池运行状态。此时不设置
专门的传感器也可。
Description
本发明涉及一种无轨车辆,其中至少有一个驱动车轮与一个电动机相连,由内燃发动机驱动的发电机所产生的电流经能量分配器按控制单元产生的控制信号所给定的分量输送给电动机,所述的控制单元操纵杆获得一个行驶信号,该信号至少代表操纵杆的位置。
无轨车辆特指小客车和载货车。迄今为止这种车辆通常由内燃发动机驱动。内燃发动机具有的扭矩/转数特性曲线只在特定的转数范围内具备相对较强的最大扭矩,而在高转数区和特别是在低转数区内的扭矩则要大大减少。
发动机的功率由扭矩和转数的乘积计算。为使车辆尽可能快地加速,必须将最大可用功率传递给驱动轮。当车辆的发动机工作在低转数区时,则在节气门处在最大开启状态时只会产生相对较慢的加速度,因为可支配功率太小。通过切换到低挡位可以提高加速功率,因为在低挡位上可以实现高转数,从而产生较高的功率。实际上所有的内燃发动机车辆都配备有手动或自动变速器,以充分利用发动机的有效功率。
对于主要用于有轨车辆,特别是火车机车的电力驱动而言,其优点是,和内燃发动机相比功率受转数的影响很弱。因此在所有的情况下均可在电力驱动中省去变速器。
也有人考虑用直接连接在车轮上的一台或若干台电动机来驱动无轨车辆,特别是小客车、载货车和大轿车。电动机所需 的电能由内燃发动机-发电机机组通过一个由大功率电子线路组成的能量分配器供给。这种混合式发动机有一系列优点,除了可以省掉手动或自动变速器外,用电动机直接驱动车轮还可以使电动机在车辆滑行或制动时作为发动机运行,以将所发出的电力用于取暖或其他目的。
有人曾建议在内燃发动机驱动的车辆中设置一个飞轮作为能量存储器。这样就可以使内燃发动机始终在最佳运行状态下运转,例如在最有利的单位燃油消耗区运转。与内燃发动机相连的发电机将电能提供给驱动电动机。当车辆加速时可从飞轮中取出附加的能量。在制动过程中作为发电机工作的电动机产生的能量被送入飞轮作为机械能储存起来。
然而迄今为止所提出的关于在车辆中设置带发电机的内燃发动机和相应的驱动电动机的建议在实际中只实现了一部分。
德国专利公开说明书DE4000678A1中公开的无轨车辆包括一个内燃发动机、一个可以充放电的飞轮蓄能器;至少一个电动机和一个由控制单元操纵的大功率电子电能分配器。电动机由能量分配器取自发电机和/或飞轮蓄能器提供的电力驱动。电子控制单元使内燃发动机按照飞轮蓄能器的充能状况或者以怠速转数(蓄能器完全充满)运行,或者以第二种转数(蓄能器还末充满)运行,其中第二种转数按一些最佳参数点(如燃油消耗、有害物质排放量)选择其数值。
上述具有电动转换器的车辆方案在节约能源、环境保护和其他的要求方面做了许多承诺。但问题是这种车辆在使用中要求驾驶员要从习惯的内燃发动机车辆转换到某种电动车辆方式。而电动机驱动会使车辆的行驶性能非常接近于纯电力驱动方式。
本发明的任务是提供一种上述类型的无轨车辆,它可通过操纵杆,特别是行驶踏板的运动正确地传递驾驶员的要求并采取相应措施,让驾驶员的要求转换成为一个功率状况,使车辆达到驾驶员所要求的行驶状态。
上述任务的解决方案是具有权利要求1所述特征的车辆。这种车辆的特征是,具有一个能量存储器,它经能量分配器与电动机和发电机电气耦合,控制单元将行驶信号加工成内燃发动机的控制信号,使内燃发动机产生相应于操纵杆位置的功率或者保持该功率运行,另外控制单元还根据操纵杆运动的速度和/或加速度产生控制信号,以便从能量存储器中取出能量,从而至少达到:
a)内燃发动机最佳地被加速到一个新的运行点和/或
b)车辆最大限度地被加速和/或
c)在内燃发动机全功率运行的条件下再提高车辆的最高速度。
本发明还建议,行驶信号,特别是操纵杆(行驶踏板)的各个角度位置均代表特定的驱动功率,该功率基本上要由内燃发动机提供。随着操作行驶踏板,驾驶员便发出了某种功率要求。所要求的功率和踏板位置之间的特性曲线最好是非线性的,其初始区要比较平缓,以便在低速行驶时易于调节功率。
应当将行驶踏板位置所选择的功率看作是基本上由内燃发动机提供的持续功率。本发明所述的能量存储器是与控制单元连在一起的,其目的是完成从一种给定行驶速度向另一种新的行驶速度的过渡。当车辆以给定的速度Va行驶时,驱动源,即内燃发动-发电机机组和能量存储器提供的功率为初始功率Pa,它在速度恒定时和作用在车辆上的阻力,特别是空气阻力,
轮胎滚动阻力等保持平衡。如果这种稳定状态下继续下压行驶踏板,就意味着提出了一个更高的功率要求。在提供这一升高的功率时车辆被加速,直至达到最终速度Ve为止,此时升高了的功率Pe与作用在车辆上的阻力也保持平衡。
按照本发明,能量存储器此时被控制单元以极为专门的方式投入使用,以组织从稳定行驶状态提供的初始功率Pa到新的功率Pe的过渡。
根据本发明的第一种形式,内燃发动机“最佳地”被加速到一个新的运行点上。内燃发动机具有一个特性曲线区,特别是在转数/扭矩特性曲线区内有一条最有利的单位燃油耗线。如果内燃发动机以相对较低的转数动转时驾驶员提出了升高功率的要求,即驾驶员继续下压行驶踏板,则发动机就应进入到一个较高转数的状态,因为此时重新选择的功率也要被理解为内燃发动机应当提供的持续功率。众所周知仅开大节气阀并且不改变发动机的负载会使发动机的转数升高得很慢,并且和发动机的负载相关。本发明则提供了一种可能,当从上述最有利的单位燃油消耗曲线上的一个运行点出发将转数提高到同样位于该曲线上的第二个运行点时,可以做到仅耗很少的燃油。为此要连续地或步进地升高转数以适应所调整的扭矩或功率。此时发电机至电动机之间的电气耦合要被完全切断或部分切断,使发电机实际上完全或部分空载运行。这样就可使内燃发动机在发电机负载减小的情况下相当快地提高转数,即提高到上述最佳单位燃油消耗曲线附近。
另一种方式是让内燃发动机在发电机空转的情况下迅速升高到所要求的转数值,以便使发电机能重新与电动机逐渐耦合,耦合的过程要足够地缓慢,使转数不致重新下降,在此期间电动机的驱动由能量存储器完成。这样就可以实现从内燃发动机-发电机驱动向能量存储器驱动的无冲击过渡。在内燃发动机“最佳地”加速的同时,也应控制能量存储器中能量的提取,以达到车辆最大限度的加速。为此要注意,加速度要和能量存储器中存储的全部能量相适应,使能量存储器不致在加速过程中被耗尽,以致于在交通中发生险情。
和车辆最大限度加速的情形有某种类似的措施是,使车辆在内燃发动机最大功率下达到的最高速度再进一步提高,即在最大内燃发动机功率下再从能量存储器中取出额外的能量输送给电动机。
为避免出现险情,还设置了警告装置,以便在能量存储器中的能量下降到一个剩余值的情况下通知驾驶员。
以上所述的在某些情况下最佳利用能量存储器的措施也与专门的行驶信号有关,对此后面还要详述。在不受该行驶信号影响的情况下也可将能量自能量存储器输送给电动机,以便在车辆上坡时为保持速度大致恒定,不改变内燃发动机转数而提供额外的能量,和/或在稳定运行状态下将一部分内燃发动机功率用取出能量存储器的能量代替,和/或可以在关闭内燃发动机的条件下行驶。特别是上述最后一种情形对市内交通和所谓的“走走停停”的交通堵塞十分有利,因为不仅燃油消耗相对较少,而且可明显避免有害物质的排放。最好在车上装一个可关闭内燃机的选择开关,但前提是在能量存储器中储有足够的能量用于纯能量存储器驱动。
本发明所述的能量存储器原则上可以是一种机械式存储器,例如飞轮,但最好是能储存电能的蓄电池。
以上所述的目标,例如内燃发动机的加速要尽可能迅速、油
耗低,有害物质排放少等均可同时考虑,但最好以各个参数加权的方式考虑。
如上所述,本发明为了实现最佳地加速内燃发动机,要全部或部分地脱离发电机和电动机之间的耦合,并且内燃发动机在达到了新的运行点后要和发电机一起逐渐与电动机重新耦合,并且在脱离耦合阶段从能量存储器向电动机输送能量,以实现无冲击的耦合过渡。
如上所述,在控制进入能量存储器替代方式时行驶信号起着重要的作用。在最简单的情况下,行驶踏板,特别是位于行驶踏板上的位置传感器向控制单元发出位置信号α。
控制单元由该位置信号α的时间曲线中可以分离出行驶踏板运动的速度信号α′和加速度信号α″。行驶踏板的速度和加速度信号也可直接由踏板上的传感器提供。
除了上述因行驶踏板运动而发出的行驶信号,本发明还设有最大加速度要求(踏到底)发生器以及在必要时设的间断运行(市区交通)选择开关。
能量存储器具有一个充能状态传感器,它可向控制单元提供表示能量存储器中还剩多少能量的信号。根据该信号值和其它事先存储的数值,控制单元可得出在单位时间内可自能量存储器中取出多少能量(功率)以将车辆加速到所要求的新的最终速度,同时又不致在加速过程中将能量存储器耗尽,以致于因加速消失而产生危险情况。
由于增加了来自能量存储器的额外能量,所以在内燃发动机已发出最大功率的条件下,还能进一步增加内燃发动机最大功率所实现的最高速度。为了通过能量存储器的额外功率而获得上述附加的推动力,本发明为行驶踏板行程设置了一个终段。只有当行驶踏板完全被压到底时,内燃发动机和能量存储器两者才能同时驱动车辆。
如上所述,能量自存储器中的提取有两种形式。一种是无需驾驶员有意识地参与,仅通过控制装置的相应运行即可实现,此时控制装置除了获得行驶信号外还自内燃发动机、发电机、存储器和驱动电动机获得附加信号,从而使内燃发动机和发电机的转数以及扭矩的连续信号、存储器充能状态和电动机转数的连续信号产生于控制单元之中。另一种形式是驾驶员主动地参与提取存储器中的能量,他可在市内交通中利用上述选择开关选择内燃发动机停车的运行方式。
本发明也可以很好地用在配备了自动调速装置的车辆上。如果实际车辆速度相对于额定车辆速度产生的任何偏离超过了一个预定值,能量存储器即被投入使用以维持速度的恒定。
上述在市内交通中用选择开关切换到准纯电力驱动的方式也可以与控制单元所执行的学习功能联合使用。在一个特定时间窗口内,控制单元计算出制动和加速过程的频度。如果平均频度超过了一个阈值,则自动转换到“市区行驶”方式,即准纯电动机驱动方式,此时内燃发电机只是间歇地根据能量存储器的充能状态启动,向后者充入能量。
能量存储器的客观上有限的容量会带来某些问题。如果车辆为了超车而要强烈加速,从能量存储器中提取能量的话则必须保证存储器中的能量足够用于整个超车过程。超车所需的能量和所要求的车辆加速度、车的质量、道路走向(坡度)及其影响因素有关。和普通的内燃发动机车辆一样,显然存在着某种驾驶员必须考虑的功率极限,以免开始进行那种车辆功率所不能达到的超车行动。
当然在所述的车辆上也可能出现能量存储器因正在进行的强力能量输出而造成相当强烈的放电。在这种情况下车辆就无法以最大的加速度完成超车过程。所以本发明设置了一个能量存储器充能状况的信号发送装置。该信号发送装置可按光或声的方式构成,但最好以触觉方式构成,例如以行驶踏板阻力的形式实现。在能量存储器充能状况不足时,驾驶员在操纵行驶踏板时会感到异常高的阻力。此外他还得到光或声音信号的警告,该信号的强度取决于能量存储器的放电状况。
下面对照附图所示的实例对本发明做进一步的说明。其中
图1表示配备了电动转换器和作为能量存储器的蓄电池的小客车的主要单元的示意图,
图2表示一台内燃发动机的特性曲线,
图3表示功率/操纵杆位置的特性曲线,
图4表示以操纵杆速度α′作为参数的功率/速度特性曲线。
图1为一辆小客车的主要驱动单元的示意图。由内燃发动机4和发电机6组成的内燃发动机-发电机机组(下称VGA)2经导线L1将电力提供给由大功率电子线路构成的能量分配器8,该能量分配器经导线L2和L3向两台直接与后轮14和18相连的电动机12和16馈电。因此后轮14和18在能量分配器8输给电动机12和16的电流驱动下运转。
车辆10也可以采用全轮驱动,如图1左下部的通向与其余车轮的其他电动机的虚线导线所示。
经能量分配器8输入电动机12和16的电流由控制单元20控制,该控制单元包括一个微处理器和存储装置。该存储装置中存有控制程序特性曲线等。
除了VGE2以外,配备的另一种能源是作为能量存储器23的蓄电池22,它经导线L4和L5与能量分配器8相连。电能可经导线L4和L5输入蓄电池22或者蓄电池22将电能输出给能量分配器8。
蓄电池22设有可将表示蓄电池22充电状况的信号输给控制单元20的传感器24。此外控制单元20还接收两个电动机12和16的转数信号n,及VGE2的转数信号n和扭矩信号M,和行驶踏板27的行驶信号。
行驶踏板27具有一个传感器30,它可以向控制单元20发出代表行驶踏板27角度位置α的位置信号α、速度信号α′和加速度信号α″。信号α、α′和α″各代表行驶踏板27的位置、操作速度和加速度。
此外,行驶踏板27还和一个传感器28相连,它向控制单元20发出“踏到底”信号kd。另外驾驶员还可通过选择开关26向控制单元20发出信号W,向控制单元20传递驾驶员所要求的完全由蓄电机为电动机12和16馈送电流的信号(市区行驶)。
控制单元20从输入给它的信号中分别计算出VGE2(特别是内燃发动机)能量存储器8所需的信号。当驾驶员以一定的速度α′将行驶踏板27从第一个位置压到第二个位置时,这一过程即被控制单元加工成让VGE2提供更高的持续功率的要求,此时控制单元20向VGE2发出控制信号,使内燃发动机运转到一个更高的运行点。以达到所要求的持续功率。
行驶踏板位置和所要求的功率之间的关系是非线性的,如图3所示。当行驶踏板位移α很小时,所要求的功率也只有很小的改变。这就能在低速行驶时易于对功率要求加以计量。
上述下压行驶踏板27,以一定的操作速度α′使行驶踏板位置α产生一定变化的过程可以确定车辆加速的类型,见图4所示。所要求提高的功率相当于将车辆的平均速度Ve升高到一个新的水平。为了从开始的平均速度Va出发达到这一新的速度,使内燃发动机在达到该速度Ve后提供全部功率,首先要立刻由能量存储器22提供一附加功率,其大小要至少等于内燃发动机(Pa)的初始功率。然后内燃发动机的转数升高到对应着所要求的功率Pe的数值。车辆借助于存储能量的加速和行驶踏板27运动速度α′的高低有关,如图4所示。行驶踏板27运动得越快,提供给车辆加速的能量就越多。
在上述实例中,当内燃发动机在增速到新的运行点期间,发电机6和驱动电动机12和16之间要脱离耦合。
图2所示的是一台100kw内燃发动机的特性曲线图。图中所示的是转数和扭矩的坐标,虚线bv是与转数相关的最佳单位燃油消耗曲线。转数n=2200所大致对应的点bemin,是燃油消耗最低的点。在较低的转数上燃油消耗虽然较少,但扭矩也要不成比例地减小。在较高的转数上燃油消耗升高而扭矩的增加却不成比例。
从上述实例中可以看出,当车辆速度为Va,功率完全由内燃发动机4施加时,内燃发动机4以3000转/分钟的转数工作,如图2中位于bv线上的A*点所示。如果此时驾驶员下压行驶踏板27,使所要求的持续功率达到Pe,则内燃发动机4就要增速到新的bv线上的运行点B*。
内燃发动机4的这种增速最好通过发电机6的卸载实现。为此要对能量分配器8进行控制,使驱动车辆前进的电动机12和16不再完全由发电机6供电,而全部或部分地改由能量存储器22供电。在此状态下内燃发动机4沿线bv增速至新的运行点B*。然后发电机6逐渐与电动机12和16重新接通。这一耦合过程可由控制单元20控制,使其逐渐发生代换并以无冲击驱动的方式进行。
在上述图2所示的实例中,利用能量存储器22加速车辆是在考虑到有利于燃油消耗的条件下进行的。也可以考虑选择或增加其他的参数,如有害物质排放量,噪音的发生,机组的负载等等。
当车辆以某种恒定的速度行驶,而驾驶员希望最大限度地加速时,他可将行驶踏板27完全踩到底。此时传感器28发出“踩到底”信号kd。然后电动机12和16以下列方式获得最大可用功率,一方面内燃发动机4增速到其最大功率,另一方面能量存储器22也提供某种最大功率。为此可如上所述,首先从能量存储器22中取出非常高的功率,高于内燃发动机4的最大功率。当内燃发动机4进入了最大功率的工作区后,再降低自能量存储器22中取出的能量的份额,但要使电动机12和获得的功率始终大于内燃发动机4发出的最大功率。
上述过程用于对车辆进行极强的加速的情形(踩到底)。如果车辆已经在以相当于内燃发动机4最大功率的最高速度行驶,则通过踏到底的操作仍可额外获得动力,此时控制单元20自能量存储器22获得能量并提供给电动机12和16,这样就可以在一定程度上进一步提高额定最高速度。
附图中并未详细表示出向驾驶员发出蓄电池22充电状况的信号的手段。该充电状况信号的发出并不是数值方式进行的,而是以声音、光或触觉信号的形式进行的。最好将行驶踏板27和一个阻尼器,例如可调式预紧弹簧连在一起,当能量存储器22的充电状况超过了某个特定的下限阈值时,该阻尼器就会使驾驶员感到行驶踏板27的操作阻力增加。这样就向驾驶员发出了信号,告诉他能量存储器22目前存储的能量过少,不足以实现加速度的增加。
在市区交通中驾驶员通过操纵开关26可以产生信号W,该信号可通过控制单元20使内燃发动机4停止运转。实现该过程的条件是,蓄电池22中已储存了足够的能量。该操作状态适合于走走停停的交通状况。
作为选择开关26的替代也可以让控制单元20自动地切换到“市区行驶”状态。为此控制单元20要在一个时间窗口内计算加速和制动过程的频度(根据电动机12和16所提供的转数信号n)。如果制动和加速过程的频度超过了一个阈值,则控制单元20便自动切换到另一个运行状态,此时内燃发动机4的启动仅是为了给蓄电池22重新充电。此时的驱动原则上全部由蓄电池22提供的功率。蓄电池不仅由内燃发动机充电,还由车辆在制动可减速运行时作为发电机工作的电动机12和16所产生的电流充电。
表示行驶踏板27的加速度的加速度信号α″同样也可以被控制单元20利用,以区分驾驶员要求改变车辆速度的方式。和速度信号α′一样,加速信号α″也可通过微分控制单元20在某一时间内收到的行驶踏板位置α的信号而求出,如果没有为此而设置专门的传感器的话,和行驶踏板角度α的最大值相结合,控制单元20可以行驶踏板移动的速度α′或加速度α″超过了一预定极限值的情况下识别出一个“踏到底”信号。在此情形下就无必要再安装一个专门的传感器28。
Claims (11)
1、无轨车辆,其中至少有一个驱动车轮(14,18)与一个电动机(12,16)相连,由内燃发动机(4)驱动的发电机(6)所产生的电流经能量分配器(8)以控制单元(20)产生的控制信号所给定的分量输送给电动机,所述的控制单元(20)自操纵杆(27)获得一个行驶信号(α,α′,α″),该信号不仅代表操纵杆的位置(α),而且还至少代表操纵杆(27)运动的速度(α′)和加速度(α″),其中,还有一个能量存储器(22),它经能量分配器(8)与电动机(12,16)和发电机(6)电气连接,控制单元(20)将行驶信号(α,α′,α″)加工成内燃发动机(4)的控制信号,使内燃发动机产生相应于操纵杆位置(α)的功率或者保持该功率运行,另外控制单元(20)还根据操纵杆运动的速度(α′)和/或加速度(α″)产生控制信号,以便从能量存储器(22)中取出能量,从而至少达到:
a)内燃发动机(4)最佳地被加速到一个新的运行点(B*)和/或
b)车辆最大限度地被加速和/或
c)在内燃发动机全功率运行的条件下再提高车辆的最高速度。
2、如权利要求1所述的车辆,其特征是,控制单元(20)不受行驶信号(α,α′……)的影响将能量从能量存储器(22)输送到电动机(12,16),从而达到。
d)在上坡时不改变内燃发动机的转数,为使速度大致保持恒定而提供额外的能量和/或
e)在固定的运行状态下由取自能量存储器的能量取代一部分内燃发动机功率和/或
f)在关闭内燃发动机(4)条件下的行驶驱动。
3、如权利要求1或2所述的车辆,其特征是,内燃发动机(4)进入一个新运行点的最佳化加速至少要考虑下列要求之一,即
-尽可能地快速。
-以最有利的单位燃料消耗,
-以尽可能低的有害物质排放,
-尽可能地低噪音。
4、如权利要求3所述的车辆,其特征是,同时或加权考虑若干个所述的要求。
5、如权利要求1至4之中任何一项所述的车辆,其特征是,为了以最佳方式加速内燃发动机,发电机暂时地与电动机(12,16)全部或部分地脱离电气耦合,并且内燃发动机(4)在达到了新的运行点(B*)又和发电机(6)一起逐渐与电动机(12,16)重新耦合,并且在脱离耦合阶段中能量以联接过渡无冲击的方式自能量存储器(22)进入电动机(12,16)。
6、如权利要求1至5之中任何一项所述的车辆,其特征是,行驶信号另外还表示完全由能量存储器断续地通过启动的内燃发动机和必要时附加地通过车辆的减速或制动而使即时作为发电机工作的电动机(12,16)所产生的电能而充电。
7、如权利要求1至6之中任何一项所述的车辆,其特征是,为了达到最大的车辆加速功率,由能量存储器(22)平行于内燃发动机/发电机(2)所供给的功率向电动机(12,16)供给足够的存储能量,以达到新的操纵杆位置(α)所对应的持续功率。
8、如权利要求1至7之中任何一项所述的车辆,其特征是,在操纵杆行程的最后阶段,自能量存储器(22)中在限定时间内取出能量,以提高单独由内燃发动机(4)所能达到的最高速度。
9、如权利要求1至8之中任何一项所述的车辆,其特征是,有一个能量存储器(22)充能状态的信号发送装置。
10、如权利要求9所述的车辆,其特征是,信号发送装置按触觉方式工作,特别是作为可提高操纵杆(27)的操纵阻力的可调式预紧弹簧而构成。
11、如权利要求1至10之中任何一项所述的车辆,其特征是,控制单元(20)根据同时出现的操纵杆位置的最大值和超出操纵杆运动速度(α′)或加速度(α″)的给定极限值的情形而识别出一个“踏到底”信号。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE4133014A DE4133014A1 (de) | 1991-10-04 | 1991-10-04 | Nicht-spurgebundenes fahrzeug mit elektrodynamischem wandler und fahrhebel |
DEP4133014.5 | 1991-10-04 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN1074867A true CN1074867A (zh) | 1993-08-04 |
Family
ID=6442098
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN92112847A Withdrawn CN1074867A (zh) | 1991-10-04 | 1992-10-04 | 具有电动转换器和操纵杆的无轨车辆 |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5533583A (zh) |
EP (1) | EP0606339B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP3164821B2 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1074867A (zh) |
BR (1) | BR9206574A (zh) |
DE (2) | DE4133014A1 (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2079891T3 (zh) |
MX (1) | MX9205693A (zh) |
RU (1) | RU94021360A (zh) |
WO (1) | WO1993007020A1 (zh) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN105398350A (zh) * | 2015-12-28 | 2016-03-16 | 青岛大学 | 一种负载隔离式混合纯电驱动装置 |
CN111591149A (zh) * | 2020-06-02 | 2020-08-28 | 格力博(江苏)股份有限公司 | 一种电动车辆及其控制方法 |
Families Citing this family (35)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE4323604C2 (de) * | 1993-07-09 | 2001-12-06 | Mannesmann Sachs Ag | Fahrzeug mit mindestens einem Elektromotor |
FR2721560B1 (fr) * | 1994-06-24 | 1996-08-30 | Sagem | Procédé de commande d'un moteur de véhicule à propulsion électrique. |
JP3050054B2 (ja) * | 1994-09-01 | 2000-06-05 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 発電制御方法 |
DE19532325C2 (de) * | 1995-09-01 | 2001-07-19 | Daimler Chrysler Ag | Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Serienhybridantriebs |
DE69621759T2 (de) * | 1995-12-27 | 2003-02-06 | Denso Corp | Stromversorgungssteuervorrichtung für ein Hybrid-Fahrzeug |
JP3478723B2 (ja) * | 1998-02-03 | 2003-12-15 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | ハイブリッド車両の制御装置 |
DE59905335D1 (de) | 1998-05-29 | 2003-06-05 | Siemens Ag | Verfahren und einrichtung zum steuern einer kraftmaschine |
US6554088B2 (en) | 1998-09-14 | 2003-04-29 | Paice Corporation | Hybrid vehicles |
DE19919452B4 (de) * | 1999-04-29 | 2004-11-18 | Daimlerchrysler Ag | Kraftfahrzeug-Antriebseinrichtung |
DE60037740T2 (de) * | 1999-06-25 | 2009-01-15 | Kobelco Construction Machinery Co., Ltd., Hiroshima | Hybridbaumaschine und steuervorrichtung für diese baumaschine |
JP3721947B2 (ja) * | 2000-05-30 | 2005-11-30 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池システムの制御装置 |
FR2817805B1 (fr) * | 2000-12-08 | 2003-01-24 | Renault | Vehicule automobile a motorisation hybride |
DE10111562A1 (de) | 2001-03-10 | 2002-09-19 | Daimler Chrysler Ag | Verfahren zum Betreiben eines lastabhängigen Stromerzeugungssystems in einem Fahrzeug |
JP4650758B2 (ja) * | 2001-07-10 | 2011-03-16 | 隆之 宮尾 | フライホイール・エネルギー蓄積駆動装置におけるエンジンのフライホイール駆動制御方法 |
DE10150422B4 (de) * | 2001-10-11 | 2012-04-05 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Ermittlung eines Fahrerwunsches |
JP3613236B2 (ja) * | 2001-12-03 | 2005-01-26 | コベルコ建機株式会社 | 作業機械 |
DE10331754A1 (de) * | 2003-07-14 | 2005-02-10 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Einstellung der auf ein Fahrpedal einer Fahrpedaleinrichtung eines Kraftfahrzeugs wirkenden Rückstellkraft |
US7493217B2 (en) * | 2004-01-13 | 2009-02-17 | The Hong Kong Polytechnic University | Hazard warning means for vehicles |
TWI302501B (en) * | 2005-02-15 | 2008-11-01 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | Power control unit |
CN1328079C (zh) * | 2005-06-21 | 2007-07-25 | 于耀庆 | 一种可适应于多种能源装置的电动汽车 |
WO2007025319A2 (de) * | 2005-09-01 | 2007-03-08 | Avl List Gmbh | Verfahren zum betreiben einer brennkraftmaschine |
DE102007021529A1 (de) * | 2006-05-04 | 2007-12-13 | Christopher Mercer | Diesel/Dampf Hybridmotor PKW |
JP2007326449A (ja) * | 2006-06-07 | 2007-12-20 | Mazda Motor Corp | ハイブリッド自動車 |
CN101209682B (zh) * | 2006-12-26 | 2010-09-29 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | 电动汽车爬坡状态下电机输出转矩控制系统及控制方法 |
FR2912979B1 (fr) * | 2007-02-27 | 2009-08-28 | Renault Sas | Dispositif de commande du mode de fonctionnement electrique d'un groupe motopropulseur hybride de vehicule automobile, par action sur la pedale d'accelerateur. |
DE102007054453A1 (de) * | 2007-11-13 | 2009-05-14 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zur Ermittlung einer Wahrscheinlichkeit für das Stattfinden eines bevorstehenden Überholvorgangs |
FR2923422B1 (fr) * | 2007-11-14 | 2010-05-14 | Renault Sas | Procede de controle du freinage recuperatif d'un vehicule comprenant au moins un moteur electrique |
EP2380793B1 (en) * | 2008-12-22 | 2019-05-08 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Hybrid vehicle |
DE102012216464A1 (de) * | 2012-09-14 | 2014-03-20 | Bombardier Transportation Gmbh | Betrieb eines Schienen-Triebfahrzeuges mit einer Mehrzahl von Brennkraftmaschinen |
CN103707754A (zh) * | 2012-10-09 | 2014-04-09 | 扬东企业股份有限公司 | 引擎动力交通工具的动力传输装置 |
US9902321B2 (en) * | 2013-05-01 | 2018-02-27 | Jaguar Land Rover Limited | Control system, vehicle and method |
DE102013224518A1 (de) * | 2013-11-29 | 2015-06-03 | Visteon Global Technologies, Inc. | System zum Verarbeiten von Daten von Kraftfahrzeugen und Verfahren zur Beurteilung der Fahrweise |
DE102017206695B4 (de) * | 2017-04-20 | 2024-01-18 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Fahrassistenzverfahren zur Assistenz eines leistungsintensiven Fahrmanövers eines Ego-Fahrzeugs und Fahrassistenzsystem für ein leistungsintensives Fahrmanöver eines Ego-Fahrzeugs |
JP7003777B2 (ja) * | 2018-03-23 | 2022-01-21 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | ハイブリッド車両の制御装置 |
CN112428982B (zh) * | 2019-08-07 | 2022-02-01 | 纬湃科技投资(中国)有限公司 | 混合动力汽车油门踏板信号处理方法 |
Family Cites Families (18)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE228589C (zh) * | ||||
JPS4912515A (zh) * | 1972-05-16 | 1974-02-04 | ||
DE2531332A1 (de) * | 1975-07-12 | 1977-05-12 | Philips Nv | Antriebsvorrichtung |
DE2811574A1 (de) * | 1978-03-17 | 1979-09-27 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Vorrichtung zur regelung einer antriebsmotor-getriebe-einheit eines kraftfahrzeuges |
DE2943554A1 (de) * | 1979-10-27 | 1981-05-07 | Volkswagenwerk Ag | Hybrid-antrieb fuer ein fahrzeug, insbesondere kraftfahrzeug |
US4495451A (en) * | 1981-01-06 | 1985-01-22 | Barnard Maxwell K | Inertial energy interchange system with energy makeup by combustion engine on demand |
DE3112629A1 (de) * | 1981-03-30 | 1982-10-07 | Volkswagenwerk Ag, 3180 Wolfsburg | "verfahren zum betrieb eines hybridfahrzeuges" |
DE3335923A1 (de) * | 1983-03-07 | 1984-09-13 | Volkswagenwerk Ag | Hybrid-antriebsanordnung |
JPS59204402A (ja) * | 1983-05-06 | 1984-11-19 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | ハイブリッド自動車用走行制御装置 |
US4588040A (en) * | 1983-12-22 | 1986-05-13 | Albright Jr Harold D | Hybrid power system for driving a motor vehicle |
JPS61112851A (ja) * | 1984-11-08 | 1986-05-30 | Diesel Kiki Co Ltd | 車輛用自動変速装置 |
DD228589A1 (de) * | 1984-11-12 | 1985-10-16 | Ifa Motorenwerke | Anordnung zur elektronischen steuerung einer brennkraftmaschine |
JPH0672563B2 (ja) * | 1986-04-28 | 1994-09-14 | マツダ株式会社 | エンジンのスロツトル弁制御装置 |
JPH03500403A (ja) * | 1987-10-12 | 1991-01-31 | アウト ポリー ゲゼルシヤフト ミツト ベシユレンクテル ハフツング | 自動車‐駆動系の制御方法及び装置 |
JPH01126103A (ja) * | 1987-11-10 | 1989-05-18 | Toyota Autom Loom Works Ltd | 電動車両の制動装置 |
DE4000678A1 (de) * | 1990-01-11 | 1991-07-18 | Magnet Motor Gmbh | Kraftfahrzeug mit verbrennungsmotor, stromgenerator, schwungradspeicher und antriebselektromotor |
US5224563A (en) * | 1990-05-23 | 1993-07-06 | Souichi Iizuka | Energy regenerating mechanism of an automobile |
US5418437A (en) * | 1992-11-16 | 1995-05-23 | Hydro-Quebec | Motor vehicle drive system for a motor vehicle having an electric motor system, and a method of operating said drive system |
-
1991
- 1991-10-04 DE DE4133014A patent/DE4133014A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1992
- 1992-09-30 RU RU94021360/11A patent/RU94021360A/ru unknown
- 1992-09-30 ES ES92920767T patent/ES2079891T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-09-30 DE DE59204280T patent/DE59204280D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1992-09-30 BR BR9206574A patent/BR9206574A/pt active Search and Examination
- 1992-09-30 JP JP50653793A patent/JP3164821B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1992-09-30 WO PCT/DE1992/000834 patent/WO1993007020A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 1992-09-30 US US08/211,141 patent/US5533583A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1992-09-30 EP EP92920767A patent/EP0606339B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-10-04 CN CN92112847A patent/CN1074867A/zh not_active Withdrawn
- 1992-10-05 MX MX9205693A patent/MX9205693A/es unknown
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN105398350A (zh) * | 2015-12-28 | 2016-03-16 | 青岛大学 | 一种负载隔离式混合纯电驱动装置 |
CN105398350B (zh) * | 2015-12-28 | 2018-02-06 | 青岛大学 | 一种负载隔离式混合纯电驱动装置 |
CN111591149A (zh) * | 2020-06-02 | 2020-08-28 | 格力博(江苏)股份有限公司 | 一种电动车辆及其控制方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE4133014A1 (de) | 1993-04-08 |
EP0606339A1 (de) | 1994-07-20 |
MX9205693A (es) | 1993-07-01 |
RU94021360A (ru) | 1997-03-20 |
US5533583A (en) | 1996-07-09 |
JPH06511135A (ja) | 1994-12-08 |
DE59204280D1 (de) | 1995-12-14 |
WO1993007020A1 (de) | 1993-04-15 |
EP0606339B1 (de) | 1995-11-08 |
ES2079891T3 (es) | 1996-01-16 |
JP3164821B2 (ja) | 2001-05-14 |
BR9206574A (pt) | 1995-11-21 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN1074867A (zh) | 具有电动转换器和操纵杆的无轨车辆 | |
CN101987623B (zh) | 用于混合动力车的变压控制系统和方法 | |
US10525968B2 (en) | Method for controlling a drive device of a hybrid vehicle and hybrid vehicle | |
EP0606354B1 (de) | Nicht-spurgebundenes fahrzeug mit elektrischem energiewandler | |
US5939794A (en) | Engine control system for hybrid vehicle | |
US7795839B2 (en) | Parallel hybrid vehicle optimal storage system | |
EP1218213B1 (en) | System for a hybrid vehicle; hybrid vehicle operated by the system and device for power supply and accumulation for the hybrid vehicle | |
US10486685B2 (en) | Driving control mechanism and driving control device | |
CN103221287B (zh) | 车辆的动力传递控制装置 | |
CN1962332A (zh) | 混合动力车控制系统 | |
US9162674B2 (en) | Dynamic mapping of pedal position to wheel output demand in a hybrid vehicle | |
CN103328294A (zh) | 再生控制装置、再生控制方法和混合动力车辆 | |
CN101301888A (zh) | 混合动力车辆驱动控制装置和方法 | |
JP2005512498A (ja) | 車両の走行速度を調整するための装置及び方法 | |
JP4497145B2 (ja) | 車両用発電機の制御装置 | |
US9682695B2 (en) | Vehicle control apparatus and vehicle control method | |
KR20220082222A (ko) | 사륜 구동 전동화 차량의 변속 시 구동 제어 장치 | |
KR20210127269A (ko) | 사륜 구동 전동화 차량의 구동 제어 장치 및 방법 | |
EP2159091A2 (en) | Automatic throttle response for a hybrid vehicle | |
JP7021570B2 (ja) | 車両の電力制御装置 | |
CN111976509A (zh) | 一种增程器系统控制方法、装置和汽车 | |
KR102331792B1 (ko) | 차량 추진 시스템 및 차량 추진 방법 | |
JP2022049731A (ja) | ハイブリッド駆動装置 | |
US20080283312A1 (en) | Motor Vehicle Comprising an Electric Energy Source and a Method for Operation Said Vehicle | |
JP2009061850A (ja) | ハイブリッド車両 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
C06 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
C01 | Deemed withdrawal of patent application (patent law 1993) | ||
WW01 | Invention patent application withdrawn after publication |