CN107441580A - 包括抗微生物表面涂层的医疗装置以及用于控制此装置的表面上的微生物的方法 - Google Patents
包括抗微生物表面涂层的医疗装置以及用于控制此装置的表面上的微生物的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107441580A CN107441580A CN201710304144.XA CN201710304144A CN107441580A CN 107441580 A CN107441580 A CN 107441580A CN 201710304144 A CN201710304144 A CN 201710304144A CN 107441580 A CN107441580 A CN 107441580A
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- medical treatment
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于体外血液处理的医疗装置,其包括抗微生物表面涂层,其特征在于所述抗微生物表面涂层是粉末涂层。还涉及用于控制医疗装置的表面上的微生物(microbe)与微生物(microorganism)的方法,其中粉末涂层包含具有抗微生物作用的组分,尤其是添加剂。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及医疗装置(apparatus),尤其是用于体外血液处理的医疗装置,其包括抗微生物表面涂层,以及用于控制本发明的医疗装置的表面上的微生物的方法。
背景技术
在医疗装置的表面上的微生物的生长与增殖是不期望的作用,代表了在诸如医院、实验室、医疗团体等相应治疗环境中的很大的卫生风险并且损害了此医疗装置与物体的实践价值。一般来说,通过相应的清洗与消毒在此环境中微生物被击退。
然而,期望的是微生物一点也不扩散和沉降,或者仅以大大延迟的方式扩散和沉降。此目的还在WO2011/130124A1中实行,其公开了用于使抗微生物剂和染料固定在医疗装置的塑料表面上的方法。这里,通过具有连接基团的多个功能基团来处理塑料壳体,并且在塑料壳体上有抗微生物剂聚集。可能发生塑料的某些特性方面的不利影响,诸如抗老化、抗张强度、抗冲击性等被在塑料基质中引入添加剂不利地影响。
DE102005042181A1在这一点上公开了模制本体,其尤其用于医疗装置和/或医疗产品的装置部件、装置上壳体、装置内部部件、装置配件、装置组件、印模材料、填充材料,其至少分段形成以便抗病菌(germ)定植。此外,公开了包括至少一个此类模制本体的医疗装置以及制造此模制本体的方法。这里,一种途径是将此表面设计为使得通过减少附着来抵抗病菌。另一种途径是在塑料中引入抗微生物剂(biocide)。
发明内容
从上述现有技术开始,本发明以消除上述弊端的目的为基础,尤其提供了具有抗微生物特性并且可以以简单方式制造的医疗装置。理想的是壳体材料的机械特性不被抗微生物特性不利地影响。
根据本发明,通过初始提及的类型的医疗装置实现了此目的,其特征在于抗微生物表面涂层是粉末涂层。根据此处理,通过控制医疗装置(尤其是根据本发明的医疗装置)的表面上的微生物(microbe)与微生物(microorganism)的方法实现了此目的,其中粉末涂层包含具有抗微生物作用的组分,尤其是添加剂。此抗微生物粉末涂层以特别简单且有效的方式防止了微生物,尤其是细菌与真菌培养的发生与发展。
根据本发明,粉末涂层可以涂覆在医疗装置的装置壳体上,其预期用途尤其是在体外血液处理领域中。在本发明的上下文中,术语“微生物”还可以理解为包括病毒。抗微生物表面的作用基于包括在涂层中的组分(添加剂),这在对抗微生物上是高度有效而且对于人来说是无害的。
由于其是以涂覆在基部材料上的粉末涂层的形式的涂层,因此与其功能性相关的壳体的特性将不改变。在这一点上,这些包括例如壳体材料的机械特性或者构成壳体的部件的EMC特性(电磁兼容性)。这进一步不同于例如通过塑料中的集成纳米颗粒产生的抗微生物表面。通过此原理,还会损坏形成壳体的基部材料的特性。
在从属权利要求中要求保护了本发明的有利实施方案,并且将在下面更加详细地说明它们。
粉末涂层可以仅涂覆在装置的部分中或部分上或者在全部表面区域上。通过实例的方式,可能仅存在于通过患者或操作员工触摸的那些区域,诸如外部区域或操作单元。然而,如果粉末涂层涂覆并且形成在整个表面区域上,其也在本发明的范围内。
本发明的一个实施方案的特征在于此粉末涂层涂覆在金属表面上。作为替代或补充,医疗装置可以包括装置壳体并且粉末涂层可以至少部分地涂覆在装置壳体上。特别有利的是,本发明可以与金属壳体或壳体部件一起使用,例如在材料的基质中引入微生物学活性物质,因为其对于塑料是通常做法,在本文中是不可能的,或者会带来基础材料的伴随弱化。
根据本发明的另一个实施方案,粉末涂层包括作为离子和/或自由基的发射体(emitter)的组分,尤其是添加剂。这允许以恒定量,优选地永久地,尤其以持续方式形成新的离子和/或自由基,并且从粉末涂层发射这些离子和/或自由基。发射的离子和/或自由基攻击微生物或细胞的新陈代谢系统,使得这些微生物或细胞死去。抗微生物粉末涂层防止它们以此种方式增殖。由于离子和/或自由基的永久形成,与诸如纯的/未结合的纳米银的使用的其它原理相比,关于长期作用的显著性差异可以进行量化。
包含在此粉末涂层中的组分或添加剂可以尤其是具有电离作用的有机金属物质。通过实例,这些添加剂是具有电离和/或光催化效应的有机金属物质。
在此方面,将要提及还称作为辅助剂或外加剂的添加剂,即以少量添加到产品以便达到或改进某些特性的物质。这里,此添加剂具有将有抗微生物作用的物质永久地锚定在载体材料的结构中以实现长期作用的任务。具有抗微生物作用的物质例如是,由银制成的金属胶体、由铜制成的金属胶体、二氧化钛、作为抗微生物剂添加剂的氧化锌等,或者也可以是抗微生物低聚物。
粉末涂层可以尤其包括离子发射体和/或催化剂附着到那里的载体物质。术语“附着”在此意义上应该理解为连接,化学连接等。
特别有利的是此粉末涂层允许例如通过特定结构或颜色设计产生表面处理(asurface finish),然而与此同时施加所述的抗微生物作用。更重要的是,除了期望的抗微生物作用以外,粉末涂层允许实现诸如防腐蚀等的其它作用。
附图文字
下面将根据在附图中示出的示例性、非限定实施方式更加详细地说明本发明,在附图中:
图1示出了作为根据本发明的用于医疗装置的实例的用于体外血液处理的设备(device)的一部分的示意图;
图2示出了纳米银的功效对时间的图解;
图3示出了本发明的抗微生物添加剂的功效对时间的图解;
图4示出了光催化过程的图解;以及
图5A和图5B示出了将纯的/未结合的纳米粒子并入载体材料的栅格结构(a gridstructure)中的图解以及将结合抗微生物活性剂的添加剂并入载体材料的栅格结构中抗微生物的图解。
具体实施方式
基本上示出了设备的整个体外血液循环系统。所述循环系统包括将血液从患者(未示出)传送到治疗设备的蠕动泵2的动脉血液导管1。在蠕动泵2的上游,设有动脉压传感器3,其测量蠕动泵2上游的压力,即低压侧压力。在蠕动泵2的高压侧,高压血液导管4延伸到动脉血液收集器5。直接地在蠕动泵2的出口处,供给线6与泵7允许将例如肝素的添加剂添加到系统中的血液以使血液稀释。
从动脉血液收集器5开始,导管8将仍未处理且加载有渣物质的高压血液传送到透析器9。所述透析器使其输入侧经由透析液供给线10供给以透析液。在透析器9中,血液以已知方式通过透析液处理,例如被清洗。用过的透析液被经由透析液排放线11从透析器9排放并且传送到(未示出的)处置或制备。经处理的血液通过血液排放线12从透析器9传送到其中空气通过防气阀14分离的静脉空气收集器13。在静脉空气收集器13上设有探测静脉压力,即高压侧压力的静脉压传感器15。从防气阀14开始,经处理的血液经由静脉血液导管16返回患者。图1还示出了用于监控与控制此设备的单元17。用于体外血液处理的设备封装在壳体100中,所述壳体至少部分地实施为模制钣金件。
根据本发明,至少壳体100设有粉末涂层。所述涂层可以仅涂覆在部分中或者在全部表面区域上。粉末涂层可以另外地设置并且涂覆在此设备的其它单元上,诸如例如在控制单元17上。
图2以图表示出了纳米银的抗微生物功效。图3以类似图表示出了根据本发明的抗微生物功效。这里,横坐标示出了时间的长度并且纵坐标示出各情形中的功效。应该看到的是纳米银的最大功效是每小时大约103个病菌,本发明的功效是每小时大约5*103个病菌。在短的时间以后纳米银的功效首先以缓慢方式下降,但是然后越来越快并且最后在大约四周以后达到停止。在另一个方面,根据本发明的功效持续长的时间段并且不减小。
纳米银的抗微生物作用以在银纳米颗粒或银胶体的表面上形成银离子(Ag+)为基础。基于银胶体的尺寸与表面面积之间的特定比率可以实现卓越的长期作用。产生的银离子以多种方式对诸如细菌、酵母菌、真菌和病毒的单细胞生物体具有有害作用。纳米银的强抗微生物功效与其穿过细胞壁与细胞膜的能力相关并且在细胞内部中起作用。在体外,胶体银对抗病毒也是有效的,在于纳米银颗粒结合到它们的表面并且抑制病毒结合到宿主细胞。其它抗微生物金属胶体例如是铜胶体。
例如由二氧化钛制成的纳米颗粒的抗微生物作用以与光辐射相结合的光催化处理为基础,这致使稳定反应。在此处理中,基于稳定的光化学激发,例如通过日光,二氧化钛用作光催化剂。这导致物理与化学反应(还原、氧化)(参见图4)。在二氧化钛的情形中,将会产生羟基自由基、超氧阴离子自由基和过氧化氢。自由基能够与有机物质反应并且氧化它们。人们认为对抗微生物的抗微生物作用应该归功于羟基自由基。
抗微生物低聚体的抗微生物作用以抗微生物低聚体的直接杀微生物剂(microbicide)作用为基础,其能够以低速且少量地离开载体材料的聚合物基质,由此以储库(depot)或延迟(retard)化合物的形式释放所述杀微生物剂作用。优选的是抗微生物低聚体由从包括以下的组中选择的一个或多个单体制成:甲基丙烯酸-2-叔丁基氨基乙酯,甲基丙烯酸-2-二乙基氨基乙酯,甲基丙烯酸-2-二乙基氨基甲酯,丙烯酸-2-叔丁基氨基乙酯,丙烯酸-3-二甲基氨基丙酯,丙烯酸-2-二乙基氨基乙酯,丙烯酸-2-二甲基氨基乙酯,二甲基氨基丙基甲基丙烯酰胺,二乙基氨基丙基甲基丙烯酰胺,丙烯酸-3-二甲基氨基丙基酰胺,2-甲基丙烯酰氧基乙基三甲基甲基硫酸铵,甲基丙烯酸-2-二乙基氨基乙酯,2-甲基丙烯酰氧基乙基三甲基氯化铵,3-甲基丙烯酰氨基丙基三甲基氯化铵,2-甲基丙烯酰氧基乙基三甲基氯化铵,2-丙烯酰氧基乙基-4-苯甲酰基二甲基溴化铵,2-甲基丙烯酰氧基-乙基-4-苯甲酰基二甲基溴化铵,烯丙基三苯基溴化鏻,烯丙基三苯基氯化鏻,2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基-1-丙烷磺酸,2-二乙基氨基乙基-乙烯基醚和/或3-氨基丙基乙烯基醚。
图5A和图5B示出了将纯的/未结合的纳米粒子并入载体材料的栅格结构中以及将包含抗微生物活性剂的添加剂并入载体材料的栅格结构中。
此作用主要地在于并入的纳米颗粒由于它们的尺寸能够从载体材料的栅格结构逃逸的事实,然而此抗微生物添加剂将活性剂直接并入此栅格结构中,并且基于它们的尺寸将它们锚定在载体材料的栅格结构中(参见图5A和图5B)。
这里,可以通过诸如在二氧化钛的实例中的光催化原理以及借助于通过金属胶体产生的金属离子的抗微生物作用实现微生物的功效并且使其持续地排放到周围环境。金属胶体仅具有几纳米的尺寸并且由于尺寸与表面面积之间的特定比率可以实现长期作用。形成金属离子的金属消耗是非常低的。这允许实现持续超过几年的长期效果。
附图标记列表
1 动脉血导管
2 蠕动泵
3 动脉压传感器
4 高压血液导管
5 动脉血液收集器
6 供给线
7 泵
8 导管
9 透析器
10 透析液供给线
11 透析液排放线
12 血液排放线
13 静脉压收集器
14 防气阀
15 静脉压传感器
16 静脉血导管
17 控制单元
100 壳体
Claims (10)
1.一种用于体外血液处理的医疗装置,其包括抗微生物表面涂层,其特征在于所述抗微生物表面涂层是粉末涂层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的医疗装置,其特征在于所述粉末涂层涂覆在金属表面上并且/或者所述医疗装置包括装置壳体(100)并且所述粉末涂层至少部分地涂覆在所述装置壳体(100)上。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的医疗装置,其特征在于所述粉末涂层包括作为离子和/或自由基的发射体的组分,尤其是添加剂。
4.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的医疗装置,其特征在于具有抗微生物作用的组分,尤其是添加剂,被并入所述粉末涂层中。
5.根据权利要求3或4所述的医疗装置,其特征在于所述组分或添加剂是具有电离和/或光催化作用的有机金属物质,尤其是具有杀微生物剂作用的低聚物。
6.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的医疗装置,其特征在于所述粉末涂层包括附着有离子发射体和/或催化剂的载体物质。
7.一种用于控制根据上述权利要求中任一项的医疗装置的表面上的微生物(microbe)与微生物(microorganism)的方法,其中所述粉末涂层包括具有抗微生物作用的组分,尤其是添加剂。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法,其特征在于所述组分或添加剂是具有电离和/或光催化作用的有机金属物质。
9.根据权利要求7或8所述的方法,其特征在于所述组分产生和/或发射攻击微生物(microbe)和/或微生物(microorganism)的新陈代谢系统的离子和/或自由基。
10.根据权利要求7至9中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于所述组分以恒定量,优选地永久地,尤其是以持续方式产生和/或发射所述组分或添加剂。
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EP3241575A1 (de) | 2017-11-08 |
US10442150B2 (en) | 2019-10-15 |
CN107441580B (zh) | 2022-07-29 |
JP2018008028A (ja) | 2018-01-18 |
US20170321067A1 (en) | 2017-11-09 |
DE102016108198A1 (de) | 2017-11-09 |
EP3241575B1 (de) | 2021-06-02 |
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