CN107415710A - 混合动力汽车 - Google Patents

混合动力汽车 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107415710A
CN107415710A CN201710191545.9A CN201710191545A CN107415710A CN 107415710 A CN107415710 A CN 107415710A CN 201710191545 A CN201710191545 A CN 201710191545A CN 107415710 A CN107415710 A CN 107415710A
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China
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total
ratio
relative
charging
charger
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CN201710191545.9A
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CN107415710B (zh
Inventor
桥元庆太
石田龙太
武内博明
荒川广明
市川真士
木野村茂树
鱼谷昭夫
香川和之
木下裕介
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Toyota Motor Corp
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Toyota Motor Corp
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/10—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines
    • B60L50/15—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines with additional electric power supply
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K35/00—Instruments specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement of instruments in or on vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K35/00—Instruments specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement of instruments in or on vehicles
    • B60K35/10—Input arrangements, i.e. from user to vehicle, associated with vehicle functions or specially adapted therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K35/00—Instruments specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement of instruments in or on vehicles
    • B60K35/20—Output arrangements, i.e. from vehicle to user, associated with vehicle functions or specially adapted therefor
    • B60K35/21—Output arrangements, i.e. from vehicle to user, associated with vehicle functions or specially adapted therefor using visual output, e.g. blinking lights or matrix displays
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    • B60K35/00—Instruments specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement of instruments in or on vehicles
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
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    • B60K6/46—Series type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
    • B60L53/14—Conductive energy transfer
    • B60L53/16—Connectors, e.g. plugs or sockets, specially adapted for charging electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/60—Monitoring or controlling charging stations
    • B60L53/66—Data transfer between charging stations and vehicles
    • B60L53/665—Methods related to measuring, billing or payment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/10—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand
    • B60W20/15—Control strategies specially adapted for achieving a particular effect
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W40/00—Estimation or calculation of non-directly measurable driving parameters for road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub unit, e.g. by using mathematical models
    • B60W40/08—Estimation or calculation of non-directly measurable driving parameters for road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub unit, e.g. by using mathematical models related to drivers or passengers
    • B60W40/09—Driving style or behaviour
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
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    • G01C21/26—Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00 specially adapted for navigation in a road network
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    • G01C21/36—Input/output arrangements for on-board computers
    • G01C21/3605—Destination input or retrieval
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
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    • G01C21/34—Route searching; Route guidance
    • G01C21/36—Input/output arrangements for on-board computers
    • G01C21/3679—Retrieval, searching and output of POI information, e.g. hotels, restaurants, shops, filling stations, parking facilities
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
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    • G01C21/3685—Retrieval, searching and output of POI information, e.g. hotels, restaurants, shops, filling stations, parking facilities the POI's being parking facilities
    • G—PHYSICS
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
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    • G07C5/008—Registering or indicating the working of vehicles communicating information to a remotely located station
    • G—PHYSICS
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    • G07C5/00—Registering or indicating the working of vehicles
    • G07C5/08—Registering or indicating performance data other than driving, working, idle, or waiting time, with or without registering driving, working, idle or waiting time
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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Abstract

本发明提供一种混合动力汽车，运算出表示利用外部充电的程度的利用指标IDX并向车外系统发送(S140)。车外系统基于利用指标IDX来提高服务或征收罚金(S160～S190)。此时，若车外系统在通过利用指标IDX判断为外部充电的利用的程度低时与判断为高时相比提供冷淡的服务或征收重度的罚金，则车辆的驾驶者或所有者会采取将利用指标判断为利用外部充电的程度高的行动。其结果是，能够促进外部充电的利用。

Description

混合动力汽车
技术领域
本发明涉及混合动力汽车，详细而言，涉及进行蓄电池的充电和向燃料罐的供油的混合动力汽车。
背景技术
以往，作为这种混合动力汽车，提出了从对蓄电池进行外部充电起的与基于内燃机的燃料使用量对应的参数的变化达到预定值时限制电动机及内燃机的输出中的至少一方的方案(例如，参照日本特开平8-19114)。在该混合动力汽车中，在参数的变化达到预定值时限制电动机及内燃机的输出的至少一方，由此催促驾驶员进行外部充电，促进不依赖于内燃机的行驶，保留在紧急时能够通过内燃机行驶这样的富余度，并且能够充分地得到电动汽车的本来目的的大气的污染的抑制效果。
然而，在上述混合动力汽车中，仅限制电动机及内燃机的输出中的至少一方的话，有时促进利用外部充电的效果不充分。例如，对于总是以比较低的动力行驶地驾驶的驾驶员来说，电动机或内燃机的输出限制不具有任何意义。
发明内容
本实施例的混合动力汽车包括：
发动机；
燃料罐，向上述发动机供给燃料；
电动机；
蓄电池，向上述电动机供给电力；
充电器，进行使用外部电源对上述蓄电池进行充电的外部充电；及
通信装置，将表示在预定期间内利用上述外部充电的程度的利用指标向车外系统发送。
在本实施例的混合动力汽车中，将表示预定期间内的利用外部充电的程度的利用指标向车外系统发送。车外系统能够基于接收到的利用指标而提供各种服务或征收各种罚金。此时，若车外系统在通过利用指标而判断为利用外部充电的程度低时，与判断为高时相比，提供冷淡的服务或者征收重度的罚金，则车辆的驾驶者或所有者要采取将利用指标判断为利用外部充电的程度高的行动。其结果是，能够促进外部充电的利用。在此，作为“预定期间”，可以使用1个月或2个月那样的按照时间预先确定的期间或20次的行程期间或30次的行程期间那样的按照机会预先确定的期间等。
另外，作为车外系统提供的服务或征收的罚金，可列举例如收费道路的通行费用的多少、是否许可多个车道的道路中的优先车道或专用车道的利用、是否许可停车场等的入场、是否许可停车场中的优先停车地点或专用停车地点的利用、充电站的充电费用的多少等。
上述通信装置(通信控制单元)也可以构成为在上述通信装置接收到来自上述车外系统的通信要求时发送上述利用指标。这样一来，只要仅在从车外系统具有通信要求时发送利用指标即可。
“利用指标”是表示预定期间内的利用外部充电的程度的指标，在本说明书中使用表示越大则越能良好地利用外部充电的关系的指标。例如，可以将以下的(1)～(14)直接用作利用指标，或者可以将基于(1)～(14)中的一个或多个而运算得到的指标用作利用指标。
(1)充电次数相对于行程次数的比率(充电次数/行程次数)；
(2)将充电器与外部电源连接的总时间相对于系统关闭而停车的总时间的比率(充电器连接总时间/停车总时间)；
(3)EV行驶的总距离相对于HV行驶的总距离的比率(EV行驶总距离/HV行驶总距离)；
(4)EV行驶的总时间相对于HV行驶的总时间的比率(EV行驶总时间/HV行驶总时间)；
(5)EV行驶的总距离相对于总行驶距离的比率(EV行驶总距离/总行驶距离)；
(6)EV行驶的总时间相对于总行驶时间的比率(EV行驶总时间/总行驶时间)；
(7)充电器对蓄电池的充电的总充电量相对于向燃料罐供油的总供油量的比率(总充电量/总供油量)；
(8)通过来自外部电源的电力对蓄电池充电的能量的累计值相对于行驶消耗的能量的累计值的比率(外部充电能量累计值/行驶消耗能量累计值)；
(9)因EV行驶而消耗的能量的累计值相对于因HV行驶而消耗的能量的累计值的比率(EV行驶能量累计值/HV行驶能量累计值)；
(10)将充电器与外部电源连接的总时间(充电器连接总时间)；
(11)充电器对蓄电池的充电的总充电量；
(12)行驶的总行驶距离相对于二氧化碳的总排出量的比率(总行驶距离/二氧化碳总排出量)；
(13)车辆处于能够进行外部充电的状态时进行了外部充电的次数(机会内充电次数)相对于车辆处于能够进行外部充电的状态的充电机会的次数(机会次数)的比率(机会内充电次数/机会次数)；
(14)从进行外部充电起的基于内燃机的燃料使用量的倒数(1/外部充电后燃料使用量)。
附图说明
上述及后述的本发明的特征及优点通过下面的具体实施方式的说明并参照附图而明确，其中，相同的附图标记表示相同的部件。
图1是表示作为本发明的实施例的混合动力汽车的结构的概略的结构图。
图2是表示由HVECU执行的利用指标运算处理程序的一例的流程图。
图3是表示作为车辆侧的ETC车载器发挥作用的通信装置与作为电子费用收受系统发挥作用的车外系统的通信的流程的一例的说明图。
图4是表示变形例的混合动力汽车的结构的概略的结构图。
具体实施方式
接下来，使用实施例来说明本发明的具体实施方式。
图1是表示作为本发明的实施例的混合动力汽车20的结构的概略的结构图。如图所示，实施例的混合动力汽车20具备发动机22、行星齿轮30、电动机MG1、MG2、变换器41、42、蓄电池50、充电器60、导航装置90、显示装置92、通信装置94、混合动力用电子控制单元(以下，称为“HVECU”)70。
发动机22构成为以来自燃料罐25的汽油或轻油等为燃料而输出动力的内燃机。该发动机22由发动机用电子控制单元(以下，称为“发动机ECU”)24进行运行控制。
虽然未图示，但是发动机ECU24构成为以CPU为中心的微型处理器，除了CPU之外，还具备存储处理程序的ROM和暂时存储数据的RAM、输入输出端口、通信端口。为了对发动机22进行运行控制所需的来自各种传感器的信号、例如来自检测发动机22的曲轴26的旋转位置的曲轴位置传感器23的曲轴角θcr等经由输入端口向发动机ECU24输入。从发动机ECU24经由输出端口输出用于对发动机22进行运行控制的各种控制信号。发动机ECU24经由通信端口而与HVECU70连接。另外，发动机ECU24基于来自曲轴位置传感器23的曲轴角θcr来运算发动机22的转速Ne。
行星齿轮30构成为单一小齿轮型的行星齿轮机构。在行星齿轮30的太阳轮上连接电动机MG1的转子。在行星齿轮30的齿圈上连接经由差动齿轮37而与驱动轮38a、38b连结的驱动轴36。在行星齿轮30的行星轮架上经由减振器28而连接发动机22的曲轴26。
电动机MG1构成为例如同步发电电动机，如上所述，转子与行星齿轮30的太阳轮连接。电动机MG2构成为例如同步发电电动机，转子与驱动轴36连接。变换器41、42经由电力线54而与蓄电池50连接。电动机MG1、MG2通过电动机用电子控制单元(以下，称为“电动机ECU”)40，对变换器41、42的未图示的多个开关元件进行开关控制，由此被驱动而旋转。
虽然未图示，但是电动机ECU40构成为以CPU为中心的微型处理器，除了CPU之外，还具备存储处理程序的ROM和暂时存储数据的RAM、输入输出端口、通信端口。为了对电动机MG1、MG2进行驱动控制所需的来自各种传感器的信号，例如来自检测电动机MG1、MG2的转子的旋转位置的旋转位置检测传感器43、44的旋转位置θm1、θm2等经由输入端口向电动机ECU40输入。从电动机ECU40经由输出端口输出向变换器41、42的未图示的多个开关元件的开关控制信号等。电动机ECU40经由通信端口而与HVECU70连接。电动机ECU40基于来自旋转位置检测传感器43、44的电动机MG1、MG2的转子的旋转位置θm1、θm2来运算电动机MG1、MG2的转速Nm1、Nm2。
蓄电池50构成为例如锂离子二次电池或镍氢二次电池。如上所述，该蓄电池50经由电力线54而与变换器41、42连接。蓄电池50由蓄电池用电子控制单元(以下，称为“蓄电池ECU”)52管理。
虽然未图示，但是蓄电池ECU52构成为以CPU为中心的微型处理器，除了CPU之外，还具备存储处理程序的ROM和暂时存储数据的RAM、输入输出端口、通信端口。为了管理蓄电池50所需的来自各种传感器的信号，例如来自设置在蓄电池50的端子间的电压传感器51a的电池电压Vb、来自安装在蓄电池50的输出端子上的电流传感器51b的电池电流Ib等经由输入端口向蓄电池ECU52输入。蓄电池ECU52经由通信端口而与HVECU70连接。蓄电池ECU52基于来自电流传感器51b的电池电流Ib的累计值来运算蓄电比例SOC。蓄电比例SOC是能够从蓄电池50放电的电力的容量相对于蓄电池50的整体容量的比例。
充电器60构成为，与电力线54连接，在电源插头61在自家或充电站等充电点与家庭用电源或工业用电源等外部电源69连接时，能够进行使用来自外部电源69的电力对蓄电池50进行充电的外部充电。
导航装置90具备：内置控制部的主体，上述控制部具有存储地图信息等的硬盘等存储介质和输入输出端口、通信端口等；GPS天线，接收与车辆的当前地相关的信息；触摸面板式的显示器，显示与车辆的当前地相关的信息或直至目的地的行驶路线等各种信息并且能够由操作者输入各种指示。在此，服务信息(例如观光信息、停车场、充电站等)或预先确定的各行驶区间(例如信号机间或交叉点间等)的道路信息等被数据库化而存储在地图信息中，道路信息包括距离信息和宽度信息、地域信息(市区、郊外)、类别信息(一般道路、高速道路)、坡度信息、法定速度、信号机的个数等。而且，作为服务信息，能够对自家停车场或所希望的地点进行地点登记。导航装置90在通过操作者设定了目的地时，基于地图信息、车辆的当前地、目的地，检索从车辆的当前地至目的地的行驶路线并将检索到的行驶路线向显示器输出而进行路线引导。另外，该导航装置90也运算行驶路线中的路线信息(例如，到目的地为止的剩余距离Ln、目的地的方向Dn等)。
虽然未图示，但是HVECU70构成为以CPU为中心的微型处理器，除了CPU之外，还具备存储处理程序的ROM和暂时存储数据的RAM、闪存72、输入输出端口、通信端口。来自各种传感器的信号经由输入端口而向HVECU70输入。作为向HVECU70输入的信号，可以列举例如来自点火开关80的点火信号、来自挡位传感器82的挡位SP、来自加速器踏板位置传感器84的加速器开度Acc、来自制动踏板位置传感器86的制动踏板位置BP。而且，能够列举来自车速传感器88的车速V、来自行驶距离计89的行驶距离Lpre、来自安装于燃料罐25的燃料计25a的燃料量Qf。此外，还能够列举来自安装于电源插头61而判定电源插头61是否与外部电源69连接的连接开关62的连接信号SWC、来自导航装置90的数据等。从HVECU70经由输出端口而输出各种控制信号。作为从HVECU70输出的控制信号，能够列举例如向充电器60的控制信号、向安装于驾驶席前方的仪表板的显示装置92的显示控制信号等。HVECU70经由通信装置94而向车外系统发送车辆信息或者从车外系统接收信息。而且，如上所述，HVECU70经由通信端口而与发动机ECU24、电动机ECU40、蓄电池ECU52连接。另外，HVECU70在向燃料罐25供油时基于来自燃料计25a的燃料量Qf来计算供油量Qin。
在这样构成的实施例的混合动力汽车20中，以CD(Charge Depleting：电量消耗)模式或CS(Charge Sustaining：电量保持)模式进行混合动力行驶(HV行驶)或电动行驶(EV行驶)。在此，CD模式是与CS模式相比使EV行驶更优先的模式。HV行驶是伴随着发动机22的运行而行驶的模式。EV行驶是不伴随发动机22的驾驶而行驶的模式。
在实施例中，在自家或充电站等充电点处进行系统关闭(系统停止)而停车时，如果电源插头61与外部电源69连接，则HVECU70以使用来自外部电源69的电力对蓄电池50充电的方式对充电器60进行控制。并且，在系统接通(系统启动)时，在蓄电池50的蓄电比例SOC比阈值Shv1(例如45％、50％、55％等)大时，以CD模式行驶直至蓄电池50的蓄电比例SOC达到阈值Shv2(例如25％、30％、35％等)以下为止，在蓄电池50的蓄电比例SOC达到阈值Shv2以下之后，以CS模式行驶直至系统关闭为止。而且，在系统接通时，在蓄电池50的蓄电比例SOC为阈值Shv1以下时，以CS模式行驶直至系统关闭为止。
接下来，说明这样构成的实施例的混合动力汽车20的动作，尤其是将表示充电器60对蓄电池50的利用充电(外部充电)的程度的利用指标IDX向车外系统发送时的动作。首先，对利用指标IDX进行说明。图2是表示利用指标运算处理程序的一例的流程图。本程序在系统接通(系统启动)时、系统关闭(系统停止)时、在外部电源69连接电源插头61而蓄电池50的充电完成时、向燃料罐25进行了供油时等的预先确定的启动定时执行。以下，假定本程序在系统接通(系统启动)时执行的情况来进行说明。
当执行利用指标运算处理程序时，HVECU70首先执行输入反映为了运算预先确定的预定期间内的利用指标IDX所需的车辆利用状况的数据的处理(步骤S100)。在此，作为“预定期间”，能够使用1个月或2个月那样的按照时间预先确定的期间、或者20次的行程的期间或30次的行程的期间那样的按照机会预先确定的期间等。而且，作为反映车辆利用状况的数据，作为从上次的行程的系统接通的定时至本次的行程的系统接通的定时为止的数据，能够列有无举充电器60对蓄电池50的充电(有无外部充电)、将充电器60的电源插头61与外部电源69连接的充电时间(充电器连接时间)、充电器60对蓄电池50的充电量。而且，能够列举供油量和燃料量Qf、从上次的行程的系统关闭的定时至本次的行程的系统接通为止的停车时间、上次的行程的行驶距离、上次的行程的行驶时间。此外，能够列举上次的行程的EV行驶距离、上次的行程的EV行驶时间、上次的行程的HV行驶距离、上次的行程的HV行驶时间。而且，还能够列举上次的行程中的因EV行驶而消耗的能量(EV行驶能量)、上次的行程中的因HV行驶而消耗的能量(HV行驶能量)、蓄电比例SOC、车辆的当前位置等。
当这样输入为了运算利用指标IDX所需的数据时，使用输入的数据来运算利用指标IDX，并存储于HVECU70的未图示的RAM或闪存72(步骤S110)，结束本程序。在实施例中，利用指标IDX被作为以下的(1)～(14)中的任一个而运算，或者基于(1)～(14)中的以个或多个而运算出。另外，利用指标IDX被作为越大则充电器60对蓄电池50的充电(外部充电)的利用越良好地进行的利用指标而算出。
(1)充电次数相对于行程次数的比率(充电次数/行程次数)
充电次数可以通过基于在预定期间内有无外部充电而进行计数来得到。另外，有无外部充电能够通过基于来自连接开关62的连接信号SWC的电源插头61与外部电源69是否连接的判定或蓄电池50的蓄电比例SOC的增加的判定来进行。行程次数能够通过在预定期间内每当系统接通时进行计数来得到。
(2)将充电器60与外部电源69连接的总时间相对于系统关闭而停车的总时间的比率(充电器连接总时间/停车总时间)
充电器连接总时间能够通过对在预定期间内将充电器60的电源插头61与外部电源69连接的充电时间进行累计来得到。停车总时间能够通过对预定期间内的各行程间的停车时间进行累计来得到。
(3)EV行驶的总距离相对于HV行驶的总距离的比率(EV行驶总距离/HV行驶总距离)
EV行驶总距离能够通过对预定期间内的各行程的EV行驶距离进行累计来得到。HV行驶总距离能够通过对预定期间内的各行程的HV行驶距离进行累计来得到。
(4)EV行驶的总时间相对于HV行驶的总时间的比率(EV行驶总时间/HV行驶总时间)
EV行驶总时间能够通过对预定期间内的各行程的EV行驶时间进行累计来得到。HV行驶总时间能够通过对预定期间内的各行程的HV行驶时间进行累计来得到。
(5)EV行驶的总距离相对于总行驶距离的比率(EV行驶总距离/总行驶距离)
总行驶距离通过对预定期间内的各行程的行驶距离进行累计来得到。
(6)EV行驶的总时间相对于总行驶时间的比率(EV行驶总时间/总行驶时间)
总行驶时间通过对预定期间内的各行程的行驶时间进行累计来得到。
(7)充电器60对蓄电池50的充电的总充电量相对于向燃料罐25的总供油量的比率(总充电量/总供油量)
总充电量能够通过对预定期间内的外部充电的充电量进行累计来得到。总供油量能够通过对预定期间内的供油量进行累计来得到。
(8)通过来自外部电源69的电力对蓄电池50进行充电的能量的累计值相对于行驶消耗的能量的累计值的比率(外部充电能量累计值/行驶消耗能量累计值)
外部充电能量累计值能够通过预定期间内的充电量的累计来得到。行驶消耗能量累计值能够作为EV行驶能量的累计值和HV行驶能量的累计值来得到。另外，EV行驶能量和HV行驶能量能够通过在EV行驶中或HV行驶中对车重M乘以车速V得到的值进行时间积分(∫M·Vdt)来得到。车重M能够使用由车重传感器计测出的值，或者使用根据坡度传感器、电动机MG2的转矩、加速度而计算出的值，或者使用预先确定的值。
(9)因EV行驶而消耗的能量的累计值相对于因HV行驶而消耗的能量的累计值的比率(EV行驶能量累计值/HV行驶能量累计值)
EV行驶能量累计值能够通过对EV行驶能量进行累计来得到。HV行驶能量累计值能够通过对HV行驶能量进行累计来得到。
(10)将充电器60与外部电源69连接的总时间(充电器连接总时间)
充电器连接总时间能够通过对在预定期间内将充电器60与外部电源69连接的时间进行累计来得到。
(11)充电器60对蓄电池50的充电的总充电量
总充电量能够通过对预定期间内的外部充电的充电量进行累计来得到。
(12)行驶的总行驶距离相对于二氧化碳的总排出量的比率(总行驶距离/二氧化碳总排出量)
二氧化碳总排出量能够作为总供油量乘以燃料用系数而得到的值与总充电量乘以外部充电系数而得到的值之和计算出。
(13)车辆处于能够进行外部充电的状态时进行了外部充电的次数(机会内充电次数)相对于车辆处于能够进行外部充电的状态的充电机会的次数(机会次数)的比率(机会内充电次数/机会次数)
机会次数能够通过对在预定期间内车辆停车于自家停车场或充电站的次数进行计数来得到。车辆是否停车于自家停车场或充电站能够通过根据导航装置90判定车辆的当前位置是否处于自家停车场或者是否处于充电站来进行。充电次数能够通过对在预定期间内车辆停车于自家停车场或充电站并进行了充电的次数进行计数来得到。
(14)从进行外部充电起的基于内燃机的燃料使用量的倒数(1/外部充电后燃料使用量)
外部充电后燃料使用量能够通过进行了外部充电时的燃料量Qf、供油量、当前的供油量Qf来计算。
接下来，说明将利用指标IDX向车外系统发送时的动作。为了便于说明，使用以下的具体例进行说明。作为具体例，作为车外系统，是电子费用收受系统(Electronic TollCollection System：ETC)，作为其费用区分，假定为费用最优惠的“电动汽车”、第二优惠的“插电式混合动力汽车”、通常费用的“一般汽车”这三种。而且，实施例的混合动力汽车20搭载有ETC车载器，ETC车载器兼用作通信装置94。图3是表示作为车辆侧的ETC车载器发挥作用的通信装置94与作为电子费用收受系统发挥作用的车外系统的通信的流程的一例的说明图。
在实施例的混合动力汽车20要通过ETC门时，作为电子费用收受系统发挥作用的车外系统对行驶车辆进行识别(步骤S100)，向混合动力汽车20侧发送通信要求(步骤S110)。作为ETC车载器发挥作用的通信装置94当接收到来自车外系统的通信要求时(步骤S120)，从HVECU70取得利用指标IDX(步骤S130)，将车辆信息和利用指标IDX向车外系统侧发送(步骤S140)。
车外系统当接收到车辆信息和利用指标IDX时(步骤S150)，基于车辆信息来判别混合动力汽车20的车辆种类(步骤S160)。当判别为车辆种类为电动汽车(EV车辆)时，设定为适用最优惠的低额的EV通行费用(步骤S180)。当判别为车辆种类为不是电动汽车(EV车辆)或插座式混合动力汽车(PHV车辆)的一般车辆时，设定为适用不优惠的比较高额的一般车辆用的一般通行费用(步骤S190)。当判别为车辆种类为插座式混合动力汽车(PHV车辆)时，对利用指标IDX与阈值Iref进行比较(步骤S170)。在此，阈值Iref被预先设定为认为外部充电的利用的程度比较低的值。在利用指标IDX为阈值Iref以上时，判断为利用外部充电的程度高或比较高，设定为适用EV通行费用与一般通行费用的中间的PHV通行费用(步骤S185)。另一方面，在利用指标IDX小于阈值Iref时，判断为利用外部充电的程度低或比较低，设定为适用一般通行费用(步骤S190)。这样设定通行费用后，将设定的通行费用向混合动力汽车20发送(步骤S200)。
通信装置94从车外系统接收到通行费用时(步骤S210)，进行接收到的通行费用的支付处理(步骤S220)。该通行费用的支付处理包括“通行费用为○○日元。”等的广播处理或向显示装置92的显示处理。
以上，说明了作为ETC车载器发挥作用的通信装置94与作为电子费用收受系统发挥作用的车外系统之间的利用指标IDX的通信、及基于利用指标IDX的车外系统提供的服务或征收的罚金。基于利用指标IDX的车外系统提供的服务或征收的罚金不限定于这样的电子费用收受系统，例如，可列举是否许可多个车道的道路中的优先车道或专用车道的利用、是否许可停车场等的入场、是否许可停车场中的优先停车地点或专用停车地点的利用、充电站的充电费用的多少等各种。
在以上说明的实施例的混合动力汽车20中，运算出表示利用外部充电的程度的利用指标IDX并向车外系统发送。车外系统基于利用指标IDX来提供服务或征收罚金。此时，如果车外系统在根据利用指标IDX而判断为外部充电的利用的程度低时与判断为高时相比提供冷淡的服务或征收重度的罚金，则车辆的驾驶者或所有者会采取将利用指标判断为利用外部充电的程度高的行动。其结果是，能够促进外部充电的利用。
在实施例的混合动力汽车20中，具备将电源插头61与外部电源69连接而对蓄电池50进行充电的充电器60，但是也可以具备非接触地接受来自外部电源69的电力而对蓄电池50进行充电的充电器。
在实施例的混合动力汽车20中，将发动机22、电动机MG1、驱动轴36与行星齿轮30连接并在驱动轴36上连接电动机MG2。也可以如图4的变形例的混合动力汽车220例示那样，在与驱动轮38a、38b连接的驱动轴36上经由变速器230连接电动机MG，并在电动机MG的旋转轴上经由离合器229连接发动机22，将来自发动机22的动力经由电动机MG的旋转轴和变速器230向驱动轴36输出，并将来自电动机MG的动力经由变速器230向驱动轴输出。而且，可以设为所谓串联混合动力汽车的结构。即，只要是具备与发动机、电动机、蓄电池、外部电源连接而对蓄电池进行充电的充电器的混合动力汽车即可，可以设为任意的结构。
对实施例的主要要素与用于解决课题的方案部分记载的发明的主要要素的对应关系进行说明。在实施例中，发动机22相当于“发动机”，燃料罐25相当于“燃料罐”，电动机MG2相当于“电动机”，蓄电池50相当于“蓄电池”，充电器60相当于“充电器”，通信装置94相当于“通信装置”。
另外，实施例的主要要素与用于解决课题的方案部分记载的发明的主要要素的对应关系是用于具体地说明实施例实施用于解决课题的方案部分记载的发明的方式的一例，因此没有对用于解决课题的方案一栏记载的发明的要素进行限定。即，关于用于解决课题的方案部分记载的发明的解释应基于该部分的记载进行，实施例只不过是用于解决课题的方案部分记载的发明的具体的一例。
以上，关于具体实施方式，使用实施例进行了说明，但是本发明不受这样的实施例的任何限定，在不脱离本发明的主旨的范围内，能够以各种方式实施，这是不言而喻的。
本发明能够利用于混合动力汽车的制造产业等。

Claims (4)

1.一种混合动力汽车，包括：
发动机；
燃料罐，向所述发动机供给燃料；
电动机；
蓄电池，向所述电动机供给电力；
充电器，进行使用外部电源对所述蓄电池进行充电的外部充电；及
通信装置，将表示在预定期间内利用所述外部充电的程度的利用指标向车外系统发送。
2.根据权利要求1所述的混合动力汽车，其中，
所述通信装置构成为在所述通信装置接收到来自所述车外系统的通信要求时发送所述利用指标。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的混合动力汽车，
所述混合动力汽车还包括电子控制单元，所述电子控制单元构成为将下述的i)～xiv)中的一个用作所述利用指标，
i)充电次数相对于行程次数的比率；
ii)将充电器与外部电源连接的总时间相对于系统关闭而停车的总时间的比率；
iii)EV行驶的总距离相对于HV行驶的总距离的比率；
iv)EV行驶的总时间相对于HV行驶的总时间的比率；
v)EV行驶的总距离相对于总行驶距离的比率；
vi)EV行驶的总时间相对于总行驶时间的比率；
vii)充电器对蓄电池的充电的总充电量相对于向燃料罐的总供油量的比率；
viii)通过来自外部电源的电力对蓄电池进行充电的能量的累计值相对于行驶消耗的能量的累计值的比率；
ix)因EV行驶而消耗的能量的累计值相对于因HV行驶而消耗的能量的累计值的比率；
x)将充电器与外部电源连接的总时间；
xi)充电器对蓄电池的充电的总充电量；
xii)行驶的总行驶距离相对于二氧化碳的总排出量的比率；
xiii)车辆处于能够进行外部充电的状态时进行了外部充电的次数相对于车辆处于能够进行外部充电的状态的充电机会的次数的比率；
xiv)从进行外部充电起的基于内燃机的燃料使用量的倒数。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的混合动力汽车，
所述混合动力汽车还包括电子控制单元，所述电子控制单元基于下述的i)～xiv)中的至少一个来运算所述利用指标，
i)充电次数相对于行程次数的比率；
ii)将充电器与外部电源连接的总时间相对于系统关闭而停车的总时间的比率；
iii)EV行驶的总距离相对于HV行驶的总距离的比率；
iv)EV行驶的总时间相对于HV行驶的总时间的比率；
v)EV行驶的总距离相对于总行驶距离的比率；
vi)EV行驶的总时间相对于总行驶时间的比率；
vii)充电器对蓄电池的充电的总充电量相对于向燃料罐的总供油量的比率；
viii)通过来自外部电源的电力对蓄电池进行充电的能量的累计值相对于行驶消耗的能量的累计值的比率；
ix)因EV行驶而消耗的能量的累计值相对于因HV行驶而消耗的能量的累计值的比率；
x)将充电器与外部电源连接的总时间；
xi)充电器对蓄电池的充电的总充电量；
xii)行驶的总行驶距离相对于二氧化碳的总排出量的比率；
xiii)车辆处于能够进行外部充电的状态时进行了外部充电的次数相对于车辆处于能够进行外部充电的状态的充电机会的次数即机会次数的比率；
xiv)从进行外部充电起的基于内燃机的燃料使用量的倒数。
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