CN107325170A - 使用免疫球蛋白片段的胰岛素缀合物 - Google Patents
使用免疫球蛋白片段的胰岛素缀合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107325170A CN107325170A CN201710519561.6A CN201710519561A CN107325170A CN 107325170 A CN107325170 A CN 107325170A CN 201710519561 A CN201710519561 A CN 201710519561A CN 107325170 A CN107325170 A CN 107325170A
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Abstract
本发明涉及使用免疫球蛋白片段的胰岛素缀合物。本发明涉及具有改善的体内持续时间和稳定性的胰岛素缀合物、包含该胰岛素缀合物的长效制剂及其制备方法,所述胰岛素缀合物通过将胰岛素与免疫球蛋白Fc区经非肽基聚合物共价连接而制备。本发明的胰岛素缀合物将肽的体内活性维持在相对高的水平,并显著地增加了其血清半衰期,从而极大地提高了对胰岛素治疗的药物依从性。
Description
本申请是申请号为201180022035.X的中国专利申请的分案申请,原申请是2011年4月4日提交的PCT国际申请PCT/KR2011/002331于2012年10月31日进入中国国家阶段的申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及具有改善的体内持续时间和稳定性的胰岛素缀合物、包含该胰岛素缀合物的长效制剂及其制备方法,该胰岛素缀合物通过将胰岛素与免疫球蛋白Fc区经非肽基聚合物共价连接而制备。本发明提供了用于在有胰岛素缺陷病症(如糖尿病)的对象中进行治疗的方法。本发明的胰岛素缀合物将肽的体内活性维持在相对高的水平,并显著延长了其血清半衰期,从而极大地提高了对胰岛素治疗的药物依从性。
背景技术
胰岛素是由胰腺β细胞分泌的肽,它在控制机体的血糖水平中起着中心作用。当机体中胰岛素分泌不正常或者所分泌的胰岛素不起作用时,血糖水平不被调节,从而发生糖尿病。这种糖尿病被称为II型糖尿病。当胰腺不产生足够的胰岛素从而使得血糖水平增加时导致I型糖尿病。
通常用化学合成的经口降血糖剂治疗II型糖尿病,在一些情况下,用胰岛素治疗患者。而I型糖尿病则需要胰岛素治疗。
目前使用的胰岛素治疗方法是在饭前/饭后注射胰岛素。但是,这样的胰岛素注射应当每天3次地连续施用,其导致患者疼痛或不适。为了克服这一问题已进行了许多尝试。它们之一是通过提高肽类药物的膜透过性从而经口或鼻吸入地递送所述肽类药物的方法。并不理想地,与注射剂相比,该方法示出非常低的递送效率,因此,维持所需水平的肽类药物体内活性仍然有许多困难。
同时,有一种在皮下注射大量药物后延迟药物吸收的方法,从而使得通过每日仅注射一次来维持血液水平。一些所开发的药物(Sanofi-aventis)已得到许可并且目前被用于患者。此外,已进行研究以延长作用时间,从而开发出地特胰岛素(Levemir)(Novo Nordisk),其通过用脂肪酸修饰胰岛素而制备,其中通过胰岛素分子在注射部位的自缔合或者通过可逆结合血液中的白蛋白产生长效作用。但是,这些方法在注射部位产生疼痛,并且每日注射也引起患者的极大不适。
已进行了许多努力以提高肽类药物的血清稳定性以及在延长的时间中将血液中的药物维持在高水平,从而使药物的药效最大化。肽类药物的这些长效制剂需要提高肽类药物的稳定性并将效价维持在足够高的水平,而不会引起患者的免疫应答。就制备肽类药物的长效制剂而言,按照常规使用具有高溶解度的聚合物(如聚乙二醇(PEG))来化学修饰肽类药物的表面。
PEG非特异性地结合靶标肽的特定位点或多个位点以起到增加肽的分子量的作用,从而抑制通过肾的损失,并防止水解,而不引起任何副作用。例如,WO2006/076471描述了B型利钠肽(B-type natriuretic peptide,BNP),其与NPR-A结合从而激活cGMP的产生并引起动脉血压降低,因此,BNP被用作充血性心力衰竭治疗剂,它与PEG连接,从而保持其生理活性。美国专利第6,924,264号描述了PEG与艾塞那肽-4(exendin-4)的赖氨酸残基结合从而增加了其体内驻留时间。这种方法增加了PEG的分子量,从而增加了肽类药物的体内驻留时间。但是,随着分子量的增加,肽类药物的效价显著降低,并且肽的反应性也降低了。因此,其不理想地降低了产率。
WO 02/46227描述了使用基因重组技术通过将GLP-1、艾塞那肽-4或其类似物与人血清白蛋白或免疫球蛋白片段(Fc)偶联而制备的融合蛋白。美国专利第6,756,480号描述了通过将甲状旁腺激素(PTH)和其类似物与Fc区偶联而制备的Fc融合蛋白。这些方法可以解决如聚乙二醇化产量低和非特异性的问题,但是它们仍然具有这样一个问题:增加血液半衰期的作用不像预期的那么显著,并且在一些情况下,效价也低。为了使增加血液半衰期的作用最大化,使用了多种肽接头,但是可能引起免疫应答。此外,如果使用具有二硫键的肽(如BNP),那么错误折叠的可能性高,而如果使用具有非天然氨基酸残基的肽,那么其可以通过基因重组产生,但难度很大。
发明内容
技术问题
鉴于此,进行了大量且深入的研究以开发能够使胰岛素的血清半衰期和体内活性同时实现最大化的方法,结果发现免疫球蛋白Fc区、非肽基聚合物和胰岛素通过共价键彼此位点选择性地相连接,从而与已知框内融合方法相比显著增加了血清半衰期,得到了本发明。
解决方案
本发明的一个目的是提供极佳的胰岛素缀合物、包含该胰岛素缀合物的长效制剂及其制备方法,该胰岛素缀合物维持胰岛素的体内活性并显著地延长其血清半衰期,。
本发明的有利作用
本发明的胰岛素缀合物将肽的体内活性维持在相对高的水平,并显著地延长了其血清半衰期,从而极大地提高了有胰岛素治疗需要的患者的药物依从性。
附图说明
图1是胰岛素-PEG-免疫球蛋白Fc缀合物的药代动力学分析的结果。
图2是对胰岛素衍生物-PEG-免疫球蛋白Fc缀合物的体内效力进行比较的结果。
图3是使用尺寸排阻柱分析胰岛素-PEG-免疫球蛋白Fc缀合物的β链的苯丙氨酸处(B1F)90%或更高聚乙二醇化所得的结果。
图4a至4c是分析胰岛素-PEG-免疫球蛋白Fc缀合物的β链特异性结合所得的结果。
具体实施方式
一方面,为了达到上述目的,本发明提供了一种胰岛素缀合物,其通过将胰岛素与免疫球蛋白Fc区经非肽基聚合物连接而制备,其中所述非肽基聚合物与胰岛素β链的氨基端相连接。
在本发明中,胰岛素是由胰腺应答于血液中升高的葡萄糖水平而分泌的肽,以吸收肝、肌肉或脂肪组织中的葡萄糖并将其转化为糖原,并阻止使用脂肪作为能量来源,从而起控制血糖水平的作用。该肽包括其激动剂、前体、衍生物、片段和变体,优选天然的短效或长效胰岛素。
天然胰岛素是由胰腺分泌以促进葡萄糖吸收和抑制脂肪降解的激素,从而起控制血糖水平的作用。胰岛素是从不具有调节血糖水平之功能的前体(称为胰岛素原(proinsulin))通过加工形成的。胰岛素的氨基酸序列如下:
α链
Gly-Ile-Val-Glu-Gln-Cys-Cys-Thr-Ser-Ile-Cys-Ser-Leu-Tyr-Gln-Leu-Glu-Asn-Tyr-Cys-Asn(SEQ ID NO.1)
β链
Phe-Val-Asn-Gln-His-Leu-Cys-Gly-Ser-His-Leu-Val-Glu-Ala-Leu-Tyr-Leu-Val-Cys-Gly-Glu-Arg-Gly-Phe-Phe-Tyr-Thr-Pro-Lys-Thr(SEQ ID NO.2)
胰岛素激动剂意指与胰岛素受体结合从而示出与胰岛素相当的生物活性的化合物,其与胰岛素的结构无关。
胰岛素衍生物意指与天然胰岛素具有至少80%的氨基酸序列同源性的肽,其可在氨基酸残基的一些基团上进行了化学替换(例如,α-甲基化、α-羟基化)、缺失(例如,脱氨)或修饰(例如,N-甲基化),并且具有调节机体中血糖水平的功能。
胰岛素片段意指这样的片段,其在天然胰岛素的N端或C端添加或缺失一个或更多个氨基酸,其中可以添加非天然氨基酸(例如,D型氨基酸),并且具有调节机体中血糖水平的功能。
胰岛素变体意指具有与天然胰岛素不同的一个或更多个氨基酸序列且具有调节机体中血糖水平之功能的肽。
胰岛素的激动剂、衍生物、片段和变体的每种制备方法可以单独使用或组合使用。例如,本发明包括下述肽,即具有一个或更多个与天然肽不同的氨基酸并且N-端氨基酸残基脱氨,而且具有调节机体中的血糖水平之功能的肽。
在一个特定实施方案中,本发明中使用的胰岛素可以通过重组技术生成,还可使用固相合成方法合成。
此外,本发明中使用的胰岛素的特征在于非肽基聚合物与胰岛素β链的氨基端相连接。在本发明中,使用该非肽基聚合物作为接头。胰岛素α链中的修饰引起活性和安全性降低。因此,在本发明中,作为接头的非肽基聚合物与胰岛素的β链的氨基端相连接,以保持胰岛素活性和提高安全性。
本文所使用的术语“活性”意指胰岛素结合胰岛素受体的能力,并意指胰岛素通过与胰岛素受体相结合发挥其作用。
可以通过pH控制(优选地控制在4.5至7.5的范围内)来完成非肽基聚合物与胰岛素β链氨基端的这一结合。
本文所使用的术语“N-端”可以与“N-端区域”互换使用。
在一个具体实施例中,本发明人通过将PEG与免疫球蛋白Fc区的N-端连接并将其选择性地偶联到胰岛素β链的N-端,从而制备了胰岛素-PEG-免疫球蛋白Fc缀合物。本发明中制备的胰岛素-PEG-免疫球蛋白Fc缀合物的血清半衰期显著地增加到约18小时,并且其在疾病动物模型中示出降血糖作用。因此,可以制备出维持胰岛素体内活性的新的长效胰岛素制剂。
免疫球蛋白Fc区用作药物载体是安全的,因为它是体内代谢的可生物降解多肽,此外,与整个免疫球蛋白分子相比,免疫球蛋白Fc区具有相对低的分子量,因此在缀合物的制备、纯化和生产上是有利的。由于免疫球蛋白Fc区不包含Fab片段(其氨基酸序列根据抗体亚类而不同并且因此是高度不均一的),因此可以预期免疫球蛋白Fc区可极大地增加物质的均一性并具有低抗原性。
本文所使用的术语“免疫球蛋白Fc区”是指含有免疫球蛋白的重链恒定区2(CH2)和重链恒定区3(CH3),而不含免疫球蛋白的重链和轻链的可变区、重链恒定区1(CH1)和轻链恒定区1(CL1)的蛋白质。它还可包含重链恒定区处的铰链区。此外,本发明的免疫球蛋白Fc区可含有包含除了重链和轻链的可变区以外的重链恒定区1(CH1)和/或轻链恒定区1(CL1)的Fc区的一部分或全部,只要它具有与天然蛋白质基本相似或更好的生理功能即可。此外,它可以是在CH2和/或CH3的氨基酸序列的相对长的部分中具有缺失的片段。即,本发明的免疫球蛋白Fc区可包含1)CH1结构域、CH2结构域、CH3结构域和CH4结构域;2)CH1结构域和CH2结构域;3)CH1结构域和CH3结构域;4)CH2结构域和CH3结构域;5)一种或更多种结构域与免疫球蛋白铰链区(或铰链区的一部分)的组合以及6)重链恒定区和轻链恒定区的各个结构域的二聚体。
此外,本发明的免疫球蛋白Fc区包括天然氨基酸序列及其序列衍生物(突变体)。由于一个或更多个氨基酸残基的缺失、插入、非保守或保守替换或其组合,氨基酸序列衍生物具有与天然氨基酸序列不同的序列。例如,在IgG Fc中,第214至238、297至299、318至322或327至331位处的已知对于结合重要的氨基酸残基可用作修饰的适合靶点。此外,其它多种衍生物也可以,包括其中缺失了能够形成二硫键的区域的、缺失了天然Fc形式N-端处数个氨基酸残基的或者向天然Fc形式的N-端添加了甲硫氨酸残基的衍生物。此外,为了去除效应子功能,缺失可发生于补体结合位点,如C1q结合位点和ADCC位点。制备这样的免疫球蛋白Fc区的序列衍生物的技术公开于WO 97/34631和WO 96/32478中。
蛋白质和肽中一般不改变分子活性的氨基酸替换是本领域已知的(H.Neurath,R.L.Hill,The Proteins,Academic Press,New York,1979)。最常发生的替换是Ala/Ser、Val/Ile、Asp/Glu、Thr/Ser、Ala/Gly、Ala/Thr、Ser/Asn、Ala/Val、Ser/Gly、Thy/Phe、Ala/Pro、Lys/Arg、Asp/Asn、Leu/Ile、Leu/Val、Ala/Glu和Asp/Gly,双向皆可。
如果需要,Fc区可以通过磷酸化、硫酸化、丙烯酸酯化、糖基化、甲基化、法尼基化(farnesylation)、乙酰化、酰胺化等进行修饰。
上述Fc衍生物是与本发明的Fc区具有相同生物活性或者改善的结构稳定性(例如对热、pH等的结构稳定性)的衍生物。
此外,这些Fc区可以得自从人和包括牛、山羊、猪、小鼠、兔、仓鼠、大鼠和豚鼠的其他动物中分离的天然形式,或者可以是得自转化的动物细胞或微生物的其重组体或衍生物。在本文中,它们可通过从人或动物有机体分离完整的免疫球蛋白并用蛋白水解酶对它们进行处理而从天然免疫球蛋白获得。木瓜蛋白酶将天然免疫球蛋白消化成Fab区和Fc区,而胃蛋白酶处理则导致产生pF′c和F(ab)2片段。例如,可对这些片段进行尺寸排阻层析以分离Fc或pF′c。
优选地,人源性(human-derived)Fc区是获得自微生物的重组免疫球蛋白Fc区。
此外,本发明的免疫球蛋白Fc区可以是具有天然糖链、与天然形式相比糖链增加或与天然形式相比糖链减少的形式,或者可以是去糖基化的形式。免疫球蛋白Fc糖链的增加、减少或去除可以通过本领域中常用方法完成,如化学法、酶促法和利用微生物的遗传工程方法。从Fc片段去除糖链导致与补体(C1q)的结合亲和力明显降低和抗体依赖性细胞介导的细胞毒性或补体依赖性细胞毒性的降低或丧失,从而不会诱导不必要的体内免疫应答。鉴于此,去糖基化或未糖基化形式的免疫球蛋白Fc区可更适于本发明的目的以作为药物载体。
本文所使用的术语“去糖基化”意指从Fc区酶促地去除糖部分,而术语“未糖基化”意指Fc区是以无糖基化形式由原核动物(优选大肠杆菌)产生的。
此外,免疫球蛋白Fc区可以是衍生自IgG、IgA、IgD、IgE和IgM的Fc区,或者通过其组合或杂合制备而成。优选地,其衍生自IgG或IgM(它们是人类血液中最丰富的蛋白质之一),最优选衍生自IgG(已知其延长配体结合蛋白质的半衰期)。
本文所使用的术语“组合”意指编码相同来源的单链免疫球蛋白Fc区的多肽与不同来源的单链多肽连接从而形成二聚体或多聚体。即,二聚体或多聚体可以由选自以下的两种或更多种片段形成:IgG Fc片段、IgA Fc片段、IgM Fc片段、IgD Fc片段和IgE Fc片段。
本文所使用的术语“杂合”意指编码两种或更多种不同来源的免疫球蛋白Fc区的序列存在于单链免疫球蛋白Fc区中。在本发明中,可以有多种类型的杂合。即,结构域杂合可以由选自IgG Fc、IgM Fc、IgA Fc、IgE Fc和IgD Fc的CH1、CH2、CH3和CH4中的一至四个结构域构成,并且可包含铰链区。
另一方面,IgG分为IgG1、IgG2、IgG3和IgG4亚型,本发明包括其组合或杂合。优选IgG2和IgG4亚型,最优选IgG4的Fc区,它几乎不具有的效应子功能如CDC(补体依赖性细胞毒性)。
作为本发明的药物载体,最优选的免疫球蛋白Fc区是人IgG4来源的非糖基化Fc区。与非人源性Fc区相比,更优选人源性Fc区,因为非人源性Fc区可在人体内作为抗原并引起不期望的免疫应答,如产生抗该抗原的新抗体。
本文所使用的术语“非肽基聚合物”是指生物相容性聚合物,其包括两个或更多个通过除肽键以外的共价键彼此相连的重复单元。
可用于本发明的非肽基聚合物可选自聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇、乙二醇与丙二醇的共聚物、聚氧乙基化多元醇、聚乙烯基醇、多糖、葡聚糖、聚乙烯基乙醚、可生物降解聚合物(如PLA(聚乳酸)和PLGA(聚乳酸-乙醇酸))、脂质聚合物、甲壳素、透明质酸及其组合,并优选聚乙二醇。本领域中公知且在本领域技术范围内易于制备的它们的衍生物也包括在本发明的范围内。
用于通过常规的框内融合方法获得的融合蛋白的肽接头具有如下缺点:其在体内容易被蛋白水解酶切割,因此不能如预期的获得通过载体实现的充分增加活性药物的血清半衰期的作用。然而,在本发明中,可以使用对蛋白水解酶具有抗性的聚合物将肽的血清半衰期维持在与载体相似的水平。因此,可以无限制地使用任意非肽基聚合物,只要它是具有上述功能的聚合物即可,即对体内蛋白水解酶具有抗性的聚合物。非肽基聚合物具有1至100kDa的分子量,优选1至20kDa的分子量。本发明的与免疫球蛋白Fc区连接的非肽基聚合物可以是一种聚合物或不同类型聚合物的组合。
本发明中使用的非肽基聚合物具有能够与免疫球蛋白Fc区和蛋白质药物结合的反应性基团。
非肽基聚合物在两端都具有反应性基团,其优选选自:反应性醛基、丙醛基、丁醛基、马来酰亚胺基和琥珀酰亚胺衍生物。琥珀酰亚胺衍生物可以是琥珀酰亚胺丙酸酯、羟基琥珀酰亚胺基、琥珀酰亚胺基羧甲基或琥珀酰基碳酸酯。特别地,当非肽基聚合物在其两端都具有反应性醛基时,则其在两端与生理活性多肽和免疫球蛋白有效连接,且具有最小非特异性反应。通过醛基成键的还原性烷基化产生的终产物比通过酰胺键成键的要稳定得多。醛基反应性基团在低pH下选择性地与N端结合,并在高pH(如pH 9.0)下与赖氨酸残基结合形成共价键。
非肽基聚合物两端的反应性基团可以是相同的或不同的。例如,非肽基聚合物可以在一端具有马来酰亚胺基团,而在另一端具有醛基、丙醛基或丁醛基。因此,当在其两端具有反应性羟基的聚乙二醇用作非肽基聚合物时,可通过已知的化学反应将羟基活化为多种反应性基团,或者可使用具有可商购经修饰反应性基团的聚乙二醇以制备本发明的蛋白质缀合物。
在本发明的另一方面中,本发明提供了包含本发明的胰岛素缀合物的长效胰岛素制剂。
本文所使用的术语“施用”意指通过特定的合适方法将预定量的物质引入患者中。所述缀合物可以通过任意常规途径施用,只要它能够到达预期组织即可。考虑了多种施用方式,包括腹膜内、静脉内、肌肉内、皮下、皮内、经口、局部、鼻内、肺内和直肠内,但本发明并不局限于这些示例性施用方式。尽管如此,由于在经口施用时肽会被消化,所以经口施用的组合物的活性成分应当被包被或配制为保护其在胃中免于降解。优选地,所述缀合物可以可注射形式施用。此外,可以使用能将活性成分转运入靶细胞的某些设备来施用所述长效制剂。
含有本发明缀合物的长效制剂可包含可药用载体。就经口施用而言,可药用载体可包括粘合剂、润滑剂、崩解剂、赋形剂、增溶剂、分散剂、稳定剂、助悬剂、着色剂和芳香剂。就注射剂而言,可药用载体可包括缓冲剂、防腐剂、止痛剂、增溶剂、等渗剂和稳定剂。就用于局部施用的制剂而言,可药用载体可包括基底(base)、赋形剂、润滑剂和防腐剂。可以将本发明的长效制剂与前述可药用载体组合配制成多种剂型。例如,就经口施用而言,可以将长效制剂配制成片剂、锭剂、胶囊剂、酏剂、悬浮剂、糖浆或薄片剂(wafer)。就注射剂而言,可以将长效制剂配制到单剂量安瓿或多剂量容器中。还可以将长效制剂配制成溶液、悬浮液、片剂、胶囊剂和缓释制剂。
适于制剂的载体、赋形剂和稀释剂的例子包括乳糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖、山梨醇、甘露醇、木糖醇、赤藓糖醇、麦芽糖醇、淀粉、阿拉伯树胶、藻酸盐/酯、明胶、磷酸钙、硅酸钙、纤维素、甲基纤维素、微晶纤维素、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、水、甲基羟基苯甲酸盐/酯、丙基羟基苯甲酸盐/酯、滑石、硬脂酸镁和矿物油。此外,制剂可进一步包含填充剂、抗凝剂、润滑剂、保湿剂、芳香剂和防腐剂。
本发明的长效制剂可以由若干相关因素确定,包括待治疗疾病的类型、施用途径、患者年龄、性别、体重和病情的严重程度以及作为活性组分的药物的类型。由于本发明的药物组合物具有极佳的体内持续时间或效价,所以它能够极大地降低本发明的药物的施用频率和剂量。
本发明的长效制剂将胰岛素的体内持续时间和稳定性维持在非常高的水平,并因此有效地用于治疗胰岛素依赖型糖尿病。
在又一方面,本发明提供了用于制备胰岛素缀合物的方法,其包括以下步骤:
(1)将在其每一端具有醛、马来酰亚胺基或琥珀酰亚胺衍生物反应性基团的非肽基聚合物与免疫球蛋白Fc区的胺基或巯基共价连接;
(2)从(1)的反应混合物中分离缀合物,其中所述缀合物包含与非肽基聚合物共价连接的免疫球蛋白Fc区;以及
(3)将胰岛素与所分离的缀合物中非肽基聚合物的另一端共价连接,从而生成包含连接到非肽基聚合物两端的免疫球蛋白Fc区和胰岛素的肽缀合物。
优选地,步骤(1)的非肽基聚合物在其末端具有反应性醛衍生物,更优选三个反应性醛基。
在又一方面中,本发明提供了用于制备胰岛素缀合物的方法,其包括以下步骤:
(1)在pH 6.0下,将在其每一端具有醛反应性基团的非肽基聚合物与免疫球蛋白Fc的N-端共价连接;
(2)从(1)的反应混合物中分离缀合物,其中所述缀合物包含其在N-端与非肽基聚合物共价连接的免疫球蛋白Fc区;以及
(3)将胰岛素与所分离缀合物中非肽基聚合物的另一端共价连接,从而生成包含连接到非肽基聚合物两端的免疫球蛋白Fc区和胰岛素的肽缀合物。
在又一方面中,本发明提供了用于制备胰岛素缀合物的方法,其包括以下步骤:
(1)将在其每一端具有醛、马来酰亚胺或琥珀酰亚胺衍生物反应性基团的非肽基聚合物与胰岛素的胺基或巯基共价连接;
(2)从(1)的反应混合物中分离缀合物,其中所述缀合物包含与非肽基聚合物共价连接的胰岛素;以及
(3)将免疫球蛋白Fc区与所分离缀合物中非肽基聚合物的另一端共价连接,从而生成包含连接到非肽基聚合物两端的免疫球蛋白Fc区和胰岛素的肽缀合物。
在又一方面中,本发明提供了用于制备胰岛素缀合物的方法,其包括以下步骤:
(1)将在其每一端具有醛反应基团的非肽基聚合物与胰岛素的胺基共价连接;
(2)从(1)的反应混合物中分离缀合物,其中所述缀合物包含与非肽基聚合物共价连接的胰岛素;以及
(3)将免疫球蛋白Fc区与所分离缀合物的非肽基聚合物的另一端共价连接,从而生成包含连接到非肽基聚合物两端的免疫球蛋白Fc区和胰岛素的肽缀合物。
在又一方面中,本发明提供了治疗具有胰岛素缺陷病症之对象的方法,该方法包括向对象施用有效量的长效制剂。优选地,胰岛素缺陷病症是糖尿病。
本文所使用的对象可以是哺乳动物,例如,人、非人灵长类动物、马、绵羊、猫、狗、牛或猪。
实施例
在下文中,可以通过给出以进行说明的下述实施例获得对本发明的更好的理解,但不应解释为限制本发明。
实施例1.聚乙二醇化免疫球蛋白Fc区的纯化
对于免疫球蛋白Fc在其N-端的聚乙二醇化,使用5K PropionALD(3)PEG(具有3个丙醛基的PEG,NOF,Japan),通过在4℃下将免疫球蛋白Fc与PEG以1∶2的摩尔比反应4.5小时进行聚乙二醇化,免疫球蛋白Fc浓度为10mg/ml。此时,反应在pH 6.0的100mM磷酸钾缓冲液中进行,并向其中添加20mM SCB(NaCNBH3)作为还原剂。使用Source 15Q柱(GEHealthcare)从反应溶液中纯化单聚乙二醇化的免疫球蛋白Fc。
实施例2.胰岛素-PEG-免疫球蛋白Fc缀合物的制备
为了制备在胰岛素β链的苯丙氨酸(B1F)处具有90%或更高聚乙二醇化的胰岛素-PEG-免疫球蛋白Fc缀合物,在4℃下将实施例1中得到的单聚乙二醇化免疫球蛋白Fc与胰岛素以4∶1的摩尔比反应20小时,总蛋白质浓度为20mg/ml。此时,反应在pH 6.0的100mM磷酸钾缓冲液中进行,并向其中添加20mM SCB作为还原剂。反应终止之后,使用Source 15Q柱对反应溶液进行初次纯化。然后,使用Source 15ISO柱进行二次纯化以得到胰岛素-PEG-免疫球蛋白Fc缀合物。使用尺寸排阻柱分析所得胰岛素-PEG-免疫球蛋白Fc缀合物的B1F的90%或更高的聚乙二醇化,结果显示于图3。
实施例3.赖脯胰岛素(Insulin lispro)
-PEG-免疫球蛋白Fc缀合
物的制备
在4℃下将实施例1中得到的单聚乙二醇化免疫球蛋白Fc与赖脯胰岛素以4∶1的摩尔比反应20小时,总蛋白质浓度为20mg/ml。此时,反应在pH 6.0的100mM磷酸钾缓冲液中进行,并向其中添加20mM SCB作为还原剂。反应终止之后,以与实施例2中相同的方法进行纯化。
实施例4.甘精胰岛素(Insulin glargine)
-PEG-免疫球蛋白Fc缀合
物的制备
在4℃下将实施例1中得到的单聚乙二醇化免疫球蛋白Fc与甘精胰岛素以4∶1的摩尔比反应20小时,总蛋白质浓度为20mg/ml。此时,反应在pH 6.0的100mM磷酸钾缓冲液中进行,并向其中添加20mM SCB作为还原剂。反应终止之后,以与实施例2中相同的方法进行纯化。
实施例5.地特胰岛素(Insulin detemir)
-PEG-免疫球蛋白Fc缀
合物的制备
在4℃下将实施例1中得到的单聚乙二醇化免疫球蛋白Fc与地特胰岛素以4∶1的摩尔比反应20小时,总蛋白质浓度为20mg/ml。同时,该反应在pH 6.0的100mM磷酸钾缓冲液中进行,并向其中添加20mMSCB作为还原剂。反应终止之后,以与实施例2中相同的方法进行纯化。
实施例6.长效胰岛素缀合物的体内清除半衰期的测量
为了分析长效胰岛素缀合物的体内持续时间,使用正常雄性SD大鼠进行药代动力学分析。用天然胰岛素和长效胰岛素缀合物以100μg/kg剂量(基于胰岛素)皮下注射正常雄性SD大鼠一次,然后使用ELISA试剂盒测量血清水平的时间依赖性变化。使用Winnolin 5.2软件从所测量的值计算药代动力学参数。长效胰岛素缀合物的体内清除半衰期为17.67小时,其比天然胰岛素的0.58小时长约30倍(图1)。
实施例7.胰岛素衍生物的缀合物的体内效力测试
为了比较胰岛素衍生物的缀合物的体内效力,使用链脲佐菌素诱导型糖尿病大鼠分析其降血糖作用。正常大鼠禁食16小时,并用10mM柠檬酸缓冲液(pH 4.5)中的链脲佐菌素以60 mg/kg剂量进行腹膜内注射以诱导糖尿病。当大鼠的血糖水平达到500 mg/dL或更高时,用胰岛素缀合物、地特胰岛素缀合物或赖脯胰岛素缀合物以0.5 mg/kg剂量皮下注射大鼠一次,然后比较它们的降血糖作用。胰岛素缀合物和赖脯胰岛素缀合物的降血糖作用维持了注射后约4天,注射后5天血糖水平增加。地特胰岛素缀合物也示出降血糖作用,但在等剂量下其作用低于胰岛素缀合物或赖脯胰岛素缀合物(图2)。
实施例8.胰岛素-5K PEG-免疫球蛋白Fc缀合物的结合位点的鉴定
为了鉴定胰岛素与5K PEG-免疫球蛋白Fc的结合位点,进行Glu-C作图(mapping)。将20μg胞内蛋白酶Glu-C(1mg/ml)加入100μg胰岛素-5K PEG-免疫球蛋白Fc(1mg/ml)中。反应溶液为pH 7.5的50mM HEPES,将混合物在25℃下反应8小时。然后,添加10μl的1N HCL终止反应。通过反相HPLC色谱进行作图。结果示出胰岛素β链的N-端的峰变化,表明5K PEG-免疫球蛋白Fc与胰岛素β链的N-端结合(图4a-c)。
柱:Jupiter C184.6×250mm,5μm(Phenomenex)
流动相A:20%0.1M NaSO4(pH 2.0),10%CAN
流动相B:20%0.1M NaSO4(pH 2.0),40%CAN
梯度:10分钟内0%B>5分钟内0-10%B>60分钟内10-70%B。
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Claims (22)
1.胰岛素缀合物,其通过将胰岛素与免疫球蛋白Fc区经非肽基聚合物连接而制备,所述非肽基聚合物选自聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇、乙二醇与丙二醇的共聚物、聚氧乙基化多元醇、聚乙烯基醇、多糖、葡聚糖、聚乙烯基乙醚、可生物降解聚合物、脂质聚合物、甲壳素、透明质酸及其组合,其中所述非肽基聚合物与胰岛素β链的氨基端连接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的胰岛素缀合物,其中所述胰岛素是天然胰岛素或者其变体、衍生物或片段,所述其变体、衍生物或片段通过对天然胰岛素中氨基酸的替换、插入、缺失和修饰或其组合中的任意一种方法而制备。
3.根据权利要求1所述的胰岛素缀合物,其中所述非肽基聚合物的两端连接所述免疫球蛋白Fc区的胺基或巯基和胰岛素。
4.根据权利要求1所述的胰岛素缀合物,其中所述免疫球蛋白Fc区是非糖基化的。
5.根据权利要求1所述的胰岛素缀合物,其中所述免疫球蛋白Fc区由选自CH1结构域、CH2结构域、CH3结构域和CH4结构域的一至四个结构域构成。
6.根据权利要求5所述的胰岛素缀合物,其中所述免疫球蛋白Fc区还包括铰链区。
7.根据权利要求1所述的胰岛素缀合物,其中所述免疫球蛋白Fc区是来自于IgG、IgA、IgD、IgE或IgM的Fc区。
8.根据权利要求7所述的胰岛素缀合物,其中所述免疫球蛋白Fc区的每个结构域是不同来源的结构域杂合体,所述不同来源来自于选自IgG、IgA、IgD、IgE和IgM的免疫球蛋白。
9.根据权利要求7所述的胰岛素缀合物,其中所述免疫球蛋白Fc区是由相同来源的单链免疫球蛋白构成的二聚体或多聚体。
10.根据权利要求7所述的胰岛素缀合物,其中所述免疫球蛋白Fc区是IgG4 Fc区。
11.根据权利要求10所述的胰岛素缀合物,其中所述免疫球蛋白Fc区是人的非糖基化IgG4 Fc区。
12.根据权利要求1所述的胰岛素缀合物,其中所述非肽基聚合物的反应性基团选自醛基、丙醛基、丁醛基、马来酰亚胺基和琥珀酰亚胺衍生物。
13.根据权利要求12所述的胰岛素缀合物,其中所述琥珀酰亚胺衍生物是琥珀酰亚胺丙酸酯、琥珀酰亚胺基羧甲基、羟基琥珀酰亚胺基或琥珀酰亚胺基碳酸酯。
14.根据权利要求12所述的胰岛素缀合物,其中所述非肽基聚合物的两端都具有反应性醛基。
15.一种具有改善的体内持续时间和稳定性的长效胰岛素制剂,其包含权利要求1至14中任一项所述的胰岛素缀合物。
16.根据权利要求15所述的长效胰岛素制剂,其中所述制剂用于治疗糖尿病。
17.一种用于制备权利要求1所述的胰岛素缀合物的方法,其包括以下步骤:
(1)将在其每一端均具有醛、马来酰亚胺或琥珀酰亚胺衍生物反应性基团的非肽基聚合物与免疫球蛋白Fc区的胺基或巯基共价连接;
(2)从(1)所述的反应混合物中分离缀合物,其中所述缀合物包含与所述非肽基聚合物共价连接的所述免疫球蛋白Fc区;以及
(3)将胰岛素与所分离缀合物中所述非肽基聚合物的另一端共价连接,从而生成包含各自连接到所述非肽基聚合物一端的所述免疫球蛋白Fc区和胰岛素的肽缀合物。
18.一种用于制备权利要求1所述的胰岛素缀合物的方法,其包括以下步骤:
(1)在pH 6.0下,将在其每一端均具有醛反应性基团的非肽基聚合物与免疫球蛋白Fc的N-端共价连接;
(2)从(1)所述的反应混合物中分离缀合物,其中所述缀合物包含在其N-端与所述非肽基聚合物共价连接的所述免疫球蛋白Fc区;以及
(3)将胰岛素与所分离缀合物中所述非肽基聚合物的另一端共价连接,从而生成包含各自连接到所述非肽基聚合物一端的所述免疫球蛋白Fc区和胰岛素的肽缀合物。
19.一种用于制备权利要求1所述的胰岛素缀合物的方法,其包括以下步骤:
(1)将在其每一端均具有醛、马来酰亚胺或琥珀酰亚胺衍生物反应性基团的非肽基聚合物与胰岛素的胺基或巯基共价连接;
(2)从(1)所述的反应混合物中分离缀合物,其中所述缀合物包含与所述非肽基聚合物共价连接的胰岛素;以及
(3)将免疫球蛋白Fc区与所分离缀合物中所述非肽基聚合物的另一端共价连接,从而生成包含各自连接到所述非肽基聚合物一端的所述免疫球蛋白Fc区和胰岛素的肽缀合物。
20.一种用于制备权利要求1所述的胰岛素缀合物的方法,其包括以下步骤:
(1)将在其每一端均具有醛反应性基团的非肽基聚合物与胰岛素的胺基共价连接;
(2)从(1)所述的反应混合物中分离缀合物,其中所述缀合物包含与所述非肽基聚合物共价连接的胰岛素;以及
(3)将免疫球蛋白Fc与所分离缀合物中所述非肽基聚合物的另一端共价连接,从而生成包含各自连接到所述非肽基聚合物一端的所述免疫球蛋白Fc区和胰岛素的肽缀合物。
21.一种用于治疗有胰岛素缺陷病症的对象的方法,所述方法包括向所述对象施用有效量的权利要求15所述的长效制剂。
22.根据权利要求21所述的方法,其中所述胰岛素缺陷病症是糖尿病。
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