CN107278744A - A kind of flowers and fruits shrimp aquaculture method - Google Patents
A kind of flowers and fruits shrimp aquaculture method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN107278744A CN107278744A CN201710570176.4A CN201710570176A CN107278744A CN 107278744 A CN107278744 A CN 107278744A CN 201710570176 A CN201710570176 A CN 201710570176A CN 107278744 A CN107278744 A CN 107278744A
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- shrimp
- rice
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- ditch
- field
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
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- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
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- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Landscapes
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a kind of flowers and fruits shrimp aquaculture method, including rice field prepares, close shrimp is delivered, shrimp seedling is delivered, feed feed, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, step, the cray features good taste that the present invention is cultivated are fished for etc. into shrimp, clean hygiene, it is individual big, and resistance is good, growth is very fast；The pattern that rice shrimp makees altogether support shrimp while again can rice cultivation, rationally using soil increase in income, achieve many things at one stroke；Cray eats rice and fruit in breeding process in the present invention, nutritious, containing multivitamin, mineral matter and trace element, can provide cray immunity and metaboilic level, promotes growth.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to crayfish breeding technique field, especially, it is related to a kind of flowers and fruits shrimp aquaculture method.
Background technology
Freshwater crayfish is economic freshwater shrimps, because meat flavour is delicious wide popular to people, because of its omnivorousness, the speed of growth
Hurry up, it is adaptable and absolute competitive advantage is formed in local environment, have become important warp in China in recent years
Help breed variety, because cray is stronger to the tolerance for polluting environment, in order to save aquaculture cost, most of raisers couple
The breeding environment of cray is not focused on, at present, and China's water body is contaminated by heavy metals, and the situation is tense, part Sediments heavy metal
Zinc, lead, cadmium and mercury etc. are exceeded up to more than 150 times, and the accumulation ability of cray heavy metal itself is stronger, causes what is cultivated out
Contain substantial amounts of bacterium, parasite and heavy metal in cray body, not health compound food sanitation standard, and if strictly controlled small
Lobster breeding water body environment, on the one hand needs larger cost, on the other hand can extend cray growth cycle, cause cray
Meat accumulation is slower.
The content of the invention
Present invention aims at a kind of flowers and fruits shrimp aquaculture method is provided, to solve cray cultivation food humus, cause
The problem of growing parasite and toxin germ in vivo, and the speed of growth is improved, improve resistance.
To achieve the above object, the invention provides a kind of flowers and fruits shrimp aquaculture method, comprise the following steps：
A, rice field prepare, and annular ditch, dike angular distance annular ditch outer rim are excavated at 7m~8m into rice field along rice field ridge inner edge
2m platforms are stayed, furrow width 4m, ditch depth 1.5m, slope compares 1:1, annular ditch is excavated in the common ridge for two units that are connected by 6m；Using excavating ring
The soil that shape ditch is dug out is widened, increased, reinforcing ridge, and ridge often adds one layer of soil to implement compacting when reinforcing, and ridge is higher than
Field face 0.6m~0.8m, the wide 2m~3m in top, slope compares 1:1.5；Anti-escape wall is set on ridge, and anti-escape wall is embedded to underground 20cm, dew
Go out aerial part 40cm, discharge outlet sets the polyethylene anti-escape network of 20 mesh, and water inlet sets the elongated polyethylene mesh bag of 40 mesh；
In rice field and annular ditch transplanting waterweed, in October to December, every mu of waterweed kind strain with 20kg, by waterweed
The section that grass blade is cut into 15cm is manually planted, and 20 plants are inserted in mud to be a branch of by 3m × 6m, are treated that grass is survived, are gradually added water, with
Submerge pasture and water end 20cm；
B, close shrimp are delivered, and by the end of August, at the beginning of September, semilate rice harvesting, which is gone in rice field annular ditch and field ditch, delivers close shrimp, often
667 ㎡ deliver 20kg to 30kg；Close shrimp presses female, male ratio 2~3：1 delivers, and shrimp basket is immersed in the water into 2 times~3 times during dispensing, often
Secondary 1 minute~2 minutes, then deliver in annular ditch and field ditch；Before close shrimp is delivered, annular ditch and field ditch should be transplanted
The submerged plant of 40%~60% area.
C, shrimp seedling are delivered, and after September to October, semilate rice harvesting, rice field is poured water to depth of water 10cm~20cm, every 667 immediately
㎡ cultivates area and delivers the tail of the tail of shrimp seedling 8000~1.2 ten thousand of body long size for 1.0cm；The shrimp seedling release time should in fine day morning, be close to
Evening or cloudy day are carried out, it is to avoid direct sunlight；
D, feed feed, shrimp seedling is delivered first day and feeds animal fodder, is fed daily 3~4 times, and day feeding volume is children
The 5%~8% of shrimp gross weight；Shrimp seedling is delivered preceding 7 days, applies the fermented farm manure become thoroughly decomposed, every 667 ㎡ consumptions for 100kg~
150kg, is that the agreeable to the taste natural bait of shrimp seed rearing is biological；
Close shrimp feeds animal fodder on a small quantity, is close shrimp gross weight 1% per day feeding volume；
An animal fodder preferably is fed in the platform shoal of balk weekly into the shrimp stage, feeding volume is into shrimp gross weight
The 2%~5% of amount；When water temperature is less than 12 DEG C, it can not feed；When water temperature rises to more than 16 DEG C, 1 people is fed at dusk daily
Work feed, feeding volume is into the 1%~4% of shrimp weight；
F, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, using physical control, adult is trapped and killed by every 667 ㎡ X40 standards for installing a trapping lamp；Or
Using biological control, using and protect pest natural enemy, usability attractant trapping adult uses biological pesticide preventing and treating snout moth's larva；
G, fish for into shrimp, cage is placed in shrimp ditch in every 667 ㎡ rice fields, every 3~10 days conversion ground cage locations, fishes for tail
Phase, slow reduction rice terrace water level, until drained field area water；Every 667 ㎡, which is mended, puts body long size 3-4cm juvenile prawns 1000-3000
Close shrimp in tail, rice field cave gives over to seed shrimp, deposits field and measures every 667 ㎡ no less than 15kg.
Preferably, in step, disease prevention is carried out to rice field before transplanting waterweed to disinfect, then after being soaked with tea seed cake
Rice field is perfused, tea seed cake consumption is 30kg/667m2；Rice field area length-width ratio is 2:1；Rice field area is more than 667 ㎡ × 50, in field
Excavate " one " font or " ten " font field ditch, furrow width 1m~2m, ditch depth 0.8m in centre.
Preferably, in stepb, the close shrimp whose body weight of female should be in more than 30g, and male parent's shrimp whose body weight should be in 35g
More than.
Preferably, in step D, the man-made feeds are made up of the component of following parts by weight：65-70 parts of soya bean, pumpkin 5-8
Part, 3-5 parts of apple, 10-12 parts of dregs of beans, 8-10 parts of wheat bran, 1-3 parts of Chinese herbal medicine, the Chinese herbal medicine include dried orange peel, scutellaria, golden cypress,
Rheum officinale, folium isatidis, oriental wormwood, root tuber of aromatic turmeric, the capsule of weeping forsythia, radix bupleuri, blackspiked lovegrass herb with root, rough gentian, rhizoma alismatis, zeolite, selfheal；
The man-made feeds preparation method comprises the following steps：
A, by soya bean and Chinese herbal medicine with 2-3 hour of big fire boiling to medium well, stop working stand 5-10 minutes；
Point stirring in B, addition dregs of beans and wheat bran, continuation big fire boiling half an hour reaches that 10 is ripe；
The pumpkin and apple that powdery is made through smashing by C, addition stir, slow vexed 5 minutes with slow fire；
D, well-done feed is put into refrigerating chamber refrigeration, temperature of refrigerating chamber is controlled below 10 DEG C, reaches feed temperature
To less than 10 DEG C, produce.
The invention has the advantages that：The cray taste raised by a kind of flowers and fruits shrimp aquaculture method of the present invention
Good, clean hygiene, individual is big, and resistance is good, and growth is very fast；The pattern that rice shrimp makees altogether can plant water again while shrimp is supported
Rice, is rationally increased in income using soil, achieved many things at one stroke.
Cray of the present invention eats the fruit in rice and man-made feeds that field is fallen, man-made feeds in breeding process
Middle soya bean grows for cray provides abundant protein and energy；Pumpkin and apple contain abundant vitamin, amino acid, many
Sugar and trace element, can effectively facilitate cray and reach maturity, and improve immunity；Contain abundant dietary fiber and B in wheat bran
Family vitamin, can promote cray to digest and assimilate, and improve physiological metabolism level；The dried orange peel regulating qi-flowing for strengthening spleen contained in Chinese herbal medicine, it is dry
Humidifying phlegm, promotees digestion；Scutellaria, golden cypress, rheum officinale and folium isatidis have clearing heat and detoxicating effect；Oriental wormwood, root tuber of aromatic turmeric, the capsule of weeping forsythia and radix bupleuri can be clear
Liver cholagogic；Blackspiked lovegrass herb with root, rough gentian, rhizoma alismatis, zeolite and selfheal can promote cray to shell, and promote growth.
In addition to objects, features and advantages described above, the present invention also has other objects, features and advantages.
The present invention is further detailed explanation below.
Embodiment
Embodiments of the invention are described in detail below, but the present invention can be limited and covered according to claim
Multitude of different ways implement.
A kind of flowers and fruits shrimp aquaculture method, comprises the following steps：
A, rice field prepare, and annular ditch, dike angular distance annular ditch outer rim are excavated at 7m~8m into rice field along rice field ridge inner edge
2m platforms are stayed, furrow width 4m, ditch depth 1.5m, slope compares 1:1, annular ditch is excavated in the common ridge for two units that are connected by 6m；Using excavating ring
The soil that shape ditch is dug out is widened, increased, reinforcing ridge, and ridge often adds one layer of soil to implement compacting when reinforcing, and ridge is higher than
Field face 0.6m~0.8m, the wide 2m~3m in top, slope compares 1:1.5；Anti-escape wall is set on ridge, and anti-escape wall is embedded to underground 20cm, dew
Go out aerial part 40cm, discharge outlet sets the polyethylene anti-escape network of 20 mesh, and water inlet sets the elongated polyethylene mesh bag of 40 mesh；
In rice field and annular ditch transplanting waterweed, in October to December, every mu of waterweed kind strain with 20kg, by waterweed
The section that grass blade is cut into 15cm is manually planted, and 20 plants are inserted in mud to be a branch of by 3m × 6m, are treated that grass is survived, are gradually added water, with
Submerge pasture and water end 20cm；
B, close shrimp are delivered, and by the end of August, at the beginning of September, semilate rice harvesting, which is gone in rice field annular ditch and field ditch, delivers close shrimp, often
667 ㎡ deliver 20kg to 30kg；Close shrimp presses female, male ratio 2~3：1 delivers, and shrimp basket is immersed in the water into 2 times~3 times during dispensing, often
Secondary 1 minute~2 minutes, then deliver in annular ditch and field ditch；Before close shrimp is delivered, annular ditch and field ditch should be transplanted
The submerged plant of 40%~60% area.
C, shrimp seedling are delivered, and after September to October, semilate rice harvesting, rice field is poured water to depth of water 10cm~20cm, every 667 immediately
㎡ cultivates area and delivers the tail of the tail of shrimp seedling 8000~1.2 ten thousand of body long size for 1.0cm；The shrimp seedling release time should in fine day morning, be close to
Evening or cloudy day are carried out, it is to avoid direct sunlight；
D, feed feed, shrimp seedling is delivered first day and feeds animal fodder, is fed daily 3~4 times, and day feeding volume is children
The 5%~8% of shrimp gross weight；Shrimp seedling is delivered preceding 7 days, applies the fermented farm manure become thoroughly decomposed, every 667 ㎡ consumptions for 100kg~
150kg, is that the agreeable to the taste natural bait of shrimp seed rearing is biological；
Close shrimp feeds animal fodder on a small quantity, is close shrimp gross weight 1% per day feeding volume；
An animal fodder preferably is fed in the platform shoal of balk weekly into the shrimp stage, feeding volume is into shrimp gross weight
The 2%~5% of amount；When water temperature is less than 12 DEG C, it can not feed；When water temperature rises to more than 16 DEG C, 1 people is fed at dusk daily
Work feed, feeding volume is into the 1%~4% of shrimp weight；
F, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, using physical control, adult is trapped and killed by every 667 ㎡ X40 standards for installing a trapping lamp；Or
Using biological control, using and protect pest natural enemy, usability attractant trapping adult uses biological pesticide preventing and treating snout moth's larva；
G, fish for into shrimp, cage is placed in shrimp ditch in every 667 ㎡ rice fields, every 3~10 days conversion ground cage locations, fishes for tail
Phase, slow reduction rice terrace water level, until drained field area water；Every 667 ㎡, which is mended, puts body long size 3-4cm juvenile prawns 1000-3000
Close shrimp in tail, rice field cave gives over to seed shrimp, deposits field and measures every 667 ㎡ no less than 15kg.
Preferably, in step, disease prevention is carried out to rice field before transplanting waterweed to disinfect, then after being soaked with tea seed cake
Rice field is perfused, tea seed cake consumption is 30kg/667m2；Rice field area length-width ratio is 2:1；Rice field area is more than 667 ㎡ × 50, in field
Excavate " one " font or " ten " font field ditch, furrow width 1m~2m, ditch depth 0.8m in centre.
Preferably, in stepb, the close shrimp whose body weight of female should be in more than 30g, and male parent's shrimp whose body weight should be in 35g
More than.
Preferably, in a kind of flowers and fruits shrimp aquaculture method, step D, the man-made feeds are made up of the component of following parts by weight：
65-70 parts of soya bean, 5-8 parts of pumpkin, 3-5 parts of apple, 10-12 parts of dregs of beans, 8-10 parts of wheat bran, 1-3 parts of Chinese herbal medicine, the Chinese herbal medicine
It is withered including dried orange peel, scutellaria, golden cypress, rheum officinale, folium isatidis, oriental wormwood, root tuber of aromatic turmeric, the capsule of weeping forsythia, radix bupleuri, blackspiked lovegrass herb with root, rough gentian, rhizoma alismatis, zeolite, summer
Grass；
The man-made feeds preparation method comprises the following steps：
A, by soya bean and Chinese herbal medicine with 2-3 hour of big fire boiling to medium well, stop working stand 5-10 minutes；
Point stirring in B, addition dregs of beans and wheat bran, continuation big fire boiling half an hour reaches that 10 is ripe；
The pumpkin and apple that powdery is made through smashing by C, addition stir, slow vexed 5 minutes with slow fire；
D, well-done feed is put into refrigerating chamber refrigeration, temperature of refrigerating chamber is controlled below 10 DEG C, reaches feed temperature
To less than 10 DEG C, produce.
Soya bean grows for cray in man-made feeds provides abundant protein and energy；Pumpkin and apple contain abundant
Vitamin, amino acid, polysaccharide and trace element, can effectively facilitate cray and reach maturity, and improve immunity；Containing rich in wheat bran
Rich dietary fiber and B family vitamin, can promote cray to digest and assimilate, and improve physiological metabolism level；Contain in Chinese herbal medicine
Dried orange peel regulating qi-flowing for strengthening spleen, it is eliminating dampness and eliminating phlegm, promote digestion；Scutellaria, golden cypress, rheum officinale and folium isatidis have clearing heat and detoxicating effect；It is oriental wormwood, strongly fragrant
Gold, the capsule of weeping forsythia and radix bupleuri can clear liver cholagogic；Blackspiked lovegrass herb with root, rough gentian, rhizoma alismatis, zeolite and selfheal can promote cray to shell, and promote life
It is long.
First, rice shrimp makees altogether
The invention belongs to the mode of production that a kind of breeding is combined, i.e., Procambius clarkii (cray) is cultivated in rice field and is planted
Plant one season semilate rice, during Rice Cropping, Procambius clarkii is shared weal and woe with paddy rice in rice field.
Rice and cray breeding flow and income such as following table：
2nd, shrimp paddy field condition is supported
1st, water quality it is good, away from pollution sources, substrate natural structure, sandy soil, water retention property be not good.
2nd, have abundant water resources, irrigation and drainage are convenient.
3rd, size is not limited, and a unit is advisable with 667 ㎡ × (20~50), using 667 ㎡ × 40, length-width ratio as 2:1
It is preferred.
3rd, rice field transformation standard
1st, ditching：Annular ditch is excavated at 7m~8m into rice field along rice field ridge inner edge, dike angular distance annular ditch outer rim stays 2m
Compare 1 in platform, furrow width 4m, ditch depth 1.5m, slope:1, annular ditch is excavated in the common ridge for two units that are connected by 6m, and rice field area is more than 667
More than ㎡ X50, can excavate " one " font or " ten " font field ditch, furrow width 1m~2m, ditch depth 0.8m between Tanaka.
2nd, ridge building：Widen, increase, reinforce ridge using the soil that annular ditch digs out is excavated.Ridge often adds one layer when reinforcing
Soil will implement compacting, and ridge should be higher than that field face 0.6m~0.8m, the wide 2m~3m in top, and slope compares 1:1.5.
3rd, escaping-preventing facilities：It should be set up defences on ridge and escape wall, cement tile, plastics film production can be used；Anti-escape wall is embedded to underground 20cm,
Expose aerial part 40cm.Discharge outlet should set anti-escape network, be the polyethylene mesh sheet of 8 holes/cm (equivalent to 20 mesh).
4th, discharge outlet facility is entered：Drainage mouth is located at rice field two ends respectively, and irrigation channel build the ridge of rice field one end in
On, water inlet is located at rice field two ends respectively, and irrigation channel is built on the ridge of rice field one end, the poly- second of elongated of 40 mesh of water inlet
Alkene mesh bag is filtered, and prevents harmful organisms from entering with current；Discharge outlet build the lower of rice field other end annular ditch in.
5th, tractor road：In one jiao of rice field construction tractor road.The wide 4m of tractor road, under bury diameter 200mmPVC pipes together with both sides water
Body.
6th, pasture and water are transplanted：Waterweed is moved in rice field and shrimp ditch.In October to December, every mu of waterweed kind with 20kg
Strain, the section that waterweed grass blade is cut into 15cm is manually planted, and 20 plants are inserted in mud to be a branch of by 3mX6m, treat that grass is survived, by
Gradually add water, to submerge pasture and water end 20cm；Water caltrop or speedwell can also be moved to.
4th, feeding standard：
1st, standard is delivered：
By the end of August, at the beginning of September, semilate rice harvesting, which is gone in rice field annular ditch and field ditch, delivers close shrimp, and every 667 ㎡ delivers 20kg
To 30kg.Close shrimp aquaculture pattern is delivered to breed through close shrimp, juvenile shrimp cultivation, into shrimp aquaculture three phases form into shrimp.Close shrimp by it is female,
Male ratio 2~3：1 delivers, and is immersed in the water shrimp basket 2 times~3 times during dispensing, 1 minute every time~2 minutes, then delivers in annular
In ditch and field ditch.Before close shrimp is delivered, annular ditch and field ditch should transplant the submerged plant of 40%~60% area.
September is to October, and after semilate rice harvesting, pour water 10cm~20cm immediately in rice field, cultivates every 667 ㎡ in area and delivers body long size
For the 1.0cm tail of the tail of shrimp seedling 8000~1.2 ten thousand.The shrimp seedling release time should be carried out at fine day morning, dusk or cloudy day, it is to avoid sunlight
Direct projection.Shrimp seedling aquaculture model is delivered, shrimp is formed into through juvenile shrimp cultivation and into two stages of shrimp aquaculture.
2nd, selection standard
Close shrimp selects from seed multiplication farm above the provincial level or natural water area, it then follows shopping principles nearby.Select color it is dark red or
Peony, glossy, body surface smooth are without attachment, the parent that appendage is complete, harmless, disease-free, physically fit, mobility is strong
Shrimp；Male is preferably greater than female individuals, and female individuals weight should be in more than 30g, and male weight should be in more than 35g；Shrimp
Neat specification is ensured when seedling is selected, active healthy and strong, disease-free, mobility is strong.
3rd, standard is transported
Close shrimp is shipped with plastic crate, and every basket puts one layer of pasture and water above, keeps moist, it is to avoid sunlight directly shines, haulage time should
No more than 10 hours, haulage time was more short better.
Shrimp seedling is using the oxygenation of double-layer nylon bag, Transportation, it is to avoid sunlight directly shines, and haulage time should be no more than 2 hours, fortune
The defeated time is more short better.According to distance, per the tail of the packed tail of shrimp seedling 0.5 ten thousand~1.0 ten thousand.Should when packaging, transport, dispensing shrimp seedling
Avoid operating from water, shrimp seedling transports to cultivation area and should carry out steeping bag temperature adjustment, and the temperature difference is no more than 2 DEG C.
4th, feeding management standard
<1>Daily management：New water should be periodically filled, water quality " fertile, living, tender, refreshing " is kept, water level is kept in 1.2m or so.
During surviving the winter, water level is kept in 1.5m or so；It if any frost, should in time open ice, anoxic is caused after preventing the frost covering water surface.It is hard
Hold it is early, middle and late patrol the pool, observation change of water quality, shrimp ingest and active situation, check, maintenance escaping-preventing facilities.
<2>Enemy is removed, pasture and water, disease control are planted in sterilization of cleaning up the pond.
<3>Draining is gathered in：The water level in rice field should quickly be dropped to field face 5cm~10cm, then slow row during draining
Water, promotes cray to be dug a hole in annular ditch and field ditch.Last annular ditch and field ditch keep 10cm~15cm water level, i.e.,
Paddy rice can be gathered in.
<4>Juvenile prawn：With the mesh sheet Wei Zaoyige juvenile shrimp cultivations area of 20 mesh in rice field, every 667 ㎡ cultivates the children that area is cultivated
Shrimp is available for the paddy field aquaculture of 667 ㎡ × 20.Shrimp seedling is delivered first day and feeds animal fodder.Feed 3~4 times daily, except morning,
Afternoon and dusk are respectively fed outside once, conditional preferably to be delivered once at midnight.Day feeding volume is with the 5%~8% of juvenile prawn gross weight
It is advisable, specific feeding volume should flexibly be controlled according to the situation of ingesting of weather, water quality and shrimp.Day feeding volume is allocated as follows：Morning
20%, afternoon 20%, dusk 60%；Or morning 20%, afternoon 20%, dusk 30%, midnight 30%.Sooner or later pond is patrolled, water is observed
Water transparency should be 10cm~20cm during qualitative change, juvenile shrimp cultivation.Shrimp seedling is delivered first 7 days, should apply fermented cultivating area
The farm manure become thoroughly decomposed, every 667 ㎡ consumptions are 100kg~150kg, are that the agreeable to the taste natural bait of shrimp seed rearing is biological.Through 15 days~
The cultivation of 20 days, juvenile prawn body long size, which reaches, can remove purse seine after 2.0cm, allow juvenile prawn voluntarily to climb into rice field, be transferred into shrimp rice
Field is cultivated.The rice field depth of water is progressively deepened to 30cm~50cm with seasonal variations.
<5>Close shrimp：Close shrimp removes organic debris, planktonic organism, aquatic insect, periphyton and the water in rice field of voluntarily ingesting
Outside the natural baits such as grass, animal fodder is preferably fed on a small quantity, is close shrimp gross weight 1% per day feeding volume.Add immediately after semilate rice harvesting
Water, floods field face 10cm~20cm.
<6>Into shrimp：The farm manure once become thoroughly decomposed was applied before December, consumption is 100kg/667 ㎡~150kg/667 ㎡.Weekly
An animal fodder preferably is fed in the platform shoal of balk, feeding volume is the 2%~5% of shrimp gross weight.When water temperature is low
When 12 DEG C, it can not feed.In March in next year, when water temperature rises to more than 16 DEG C, feed 1 man-made feeds at dusk daily, feed
Measure as that into the 1%~4% of shrimp weight, can there is wheat, dregs of beans, wheat bran, rice bran, bean dregs etc. with feed, the feed fed should meet
GB13078 and NY5072 requirement.An animal fodder is fed weekly, and materials are 0.5kg/667 ㎡~1.0kg/667 ㎡.
Often inspection, regulates and controls water level.Keep Soil surface water depth 30cm~40cm November~December, with the decline of temperature, gradually deepen water
Position is to 40~60cm.When the March in next year, water temperature was gone up, regulation water level to 20cm~30cm, mid-April, to by the end of May, progressively adds
Deep water level is to 40cm~50cm.
<7>Rice field：Support shrimp rice field only plant one season rice, rice varieties will select blade angle small, disease and insect resistance, it is resistant to lodging and
The strong tight fringe type kind of fertilizer tolerability.Rice field is arranged with ridge method is enclosed, i.e., place one week high 30cm, width 20cm in the field face close to shrimp ditch
The low bank of earth between fields, circular groove and field face are separated.It is required that the whole field time is as short as possible, prevent that cray is because long-time density is excessive in ditch
And cause unnecessary loss.March, water level in paddy field is controlled in 30cm or so；After mid-April, water level in paddy field should be carried gradually
Up to 50~60cm.10~15 days before rice transplanting, every 667 ㎡, 200~300kg of applications of farmyard manure, 10~15kg of urea, uniformly
It is sprinkling upon field face and uses and its turn over and harrows even.After rice transplanting in June, early stage accomplish Bao Shui turn green, shallow water tiller, enough seedling dry fields；Dry field is answered
Moisture management after water, boot stage keeps certain water layer；Using alternation of wetting and drying management after heading, meet high temperature and fill deep water temperature adjustment；Receive
The last week is obtained to cut off the water supply.10~November before Wintering Period, water level in paddy field is controlled in 30cm or so, makes the rice root and stem of certain plants 10cm that surfaces left
It is right；Water level control is in 40~50cm during surviving the winter.Adhere to the fertilization principle of " being mended after being controlled in preceding rush ", every 667 ㎡ of chemical fertilizer total amount is applied
Nitrogenous fertilizer 12kg~14kg, phosphate fertilizer 5kg~7kg, potash fertilizer 8kg~10kg.Forbid use to cray be harmful to chemical fertilizer, such as ammoniacal liquor and
Ammonium hydrogen carbonate etc..When dry field general requirement is light solarization or short-term solarization, i.e. dry field, make not fall into pin in the middle of field, Tian Bianbiao soil does not split
Stitch and turn white.After field is shone well, raw water position should be recovered in time, should not shine as far as possible too long, in order to avoid cause circular groove cray density
Have a negative impact because excessive for a long time.
5th, rice shrimp enemy prevents and treats standard
1st, float after being soaked with tea seed cake 30kg/667 ㎡.
2nd, sterilized with rotenone：Every 667 ㎡ depth of water 1m, with 2.5% rotenone emulsifiable solution 1300ml or 7.5% rotenone breast
Missible oil is diluted with water 10~15 times by oily 700ml, the used time, is fitted into float in sprayer.
2nd, lime disinfection can also be used.
6th, disease control
Balantidiasis：Infusorian is attached into the positions such as the body surface, appendage, the gill of shrimp, juvenile prawn, the young and embryonated egg, is formed
A thick layer of " hair ".Prevention and controls：1st, cleaned up the pond with quick lime, kill the cause of disease in pond, play ecological, environmental protective effect；2nd, use
0.3mg/L tetraalkyl ammonium salt chelated iodine full pool spilling heads；3rd, sulfuric acid zinc powder, every mu of 1m depth of water 500g, but juvenile prawn or shell are used
Phase uses with caution.
Crust ulcer disease：Initial stage, locally there is the deeper spot of color in disease shrimp crust, and then spot edge festers, sky occurs
Hole.Prevention and controls：1st, avoid damage to；2nd, feed will throw foot, prevent fight；3rd, with 10kg/667 ㎡~15kg/667 ㎡ life stone
Ash is watered full pool spilling head, or with 2~3g/ ㎡ bleaching powder full pool spilling head, can play preferable therapeutic effect.But quick lime and
Bleaching powder can not be used simultaneously.4th, with the husky star of thioether, wound healing can be promoted.
Viral disease：Initial stage the disease shrimp foot of a chela it is powerless, be slow in action, lie prostrate in pasture and water surface or pond surrounding shoal；Solution
Cuing open rear visible a small amount of shrimp has in black gill phenomenon, common manifestation enteron aisle without food, the enlargement of liver pancreas, sees have bleeding (few once in a while
Number carapace external lower margins have white patch), there is faint yellow ponding in sick shrimp carapace.Prevention method：1st, with the full pond of PVP-I
Splash, the drug concentration in water body is reached 0.3mg/L~0.5mg/L；2nd, 15kg can be dissolved in using chlorine dioxide 100g
After in water, uniformly splash in 667 ㎡ (are calculated) water body by mean depth 1m；3rd, PVP-I and chlorine dioxide can alternately make
With every kind of medicine can be used continuously 2 times, each medication interval 2 days.
7th, fish for
8th, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control of paddy rice
1st, pest control：Physical control (the standard trapping adult that a trapping lamp is installed by every 667 ㎡ × 40), biology are anti-
Control (using and protect pest natural enemy, usability attractant trapping adult uses biological pesticide preventing and treating snout moth's larva), chemical prevention
(insect such as the good rice thripses of keypoint control, snout moth's larva, planthopper, rice leaf roller).
2nd, disease control：The diseases such as the good banded sclerotial blight of keypoint control, rice blast, false smut.
9th, professional term is explained：
Waterweed：
America is originated in, is a kind of high-quality, fast-growing, the submerged plant of high yield, can purify water, prevent water eutrophication
Change, help to build good aquatic environment；The characteristics of waterweed has fresh, tender, crisp, nutritious, dry accounts for 8.23%,
Crude protein is 2.1%, and crude fat is 0.19%, and NFE is 2.53%, and cinder is divided into 1.52%, and crude fibre is 1.9%.
Rich in vitamin C, vitamin E and vitamin B12 etc. in its cauline leaf and coring, this, which can be supplemented, feeds cereal and other feeds are more
Plant the deficiency of vitamin.Also containing abundant calcium, phosphorus and various trace elements, the content of wherein calcium is especially prominent.Waterweed contains
There is 1.9% crude fibre, this contributes to digestion and absorption of the lobster to a variety of foods.With waterweed feed lobster, palatability compared with
Good, lobster growth is fast, and feed coefficient is low, can save concentrated feed 30% or so, it is left that feeding herbivorous fishes save concentrated feed 50%
It is right.Shrimp-cultivation pool plant waterweed, can also build good ecological environment, for lobster it is movable, hiding, shelling, it is given birth to quickly
It is long, it is possible to decrease the incidence of disease, improve survival rate.
Water caltrop：
Perennial heavy pasture and water sheet, has subcylindrical rhizome.Stem is slightly flat, multi-branched, and nearly base portion is often crawled ground, at section
Bear and dredge or slightly close fibrous root.Leaf bar shaped, stockless is long 3-8 centimetres, wide 3-10 millimeters, tip blunt circle, and about 1 millimeter of base portion is with holding in the palm
Leaf symphysis, but leaf sheath is not formed, how much leaf margin has dredge or slightly close serration in shallow wavy；The life cycle of water caltrop is in majority
Water plant is different, and it germinates in the fall, Winter-Spring growth, yields positive results for 4~May, gradually fails and rots after June summer, simultaneously
Squama branch (hibernaculum) is formed to spend uncomfortable environment.Being born in water caltrop in pond, lake, streams more, it is distributed more widely in China.Fish can be done
Feed or green manure, be also the good green material application in lake, pond, small water scenery.
Speedwell：Speedwell has clearing heat and detoxicating effect.
Animal fodder：Including minced fillet, the spiral shell freshwater mussel meat, the leftover bits and pieces of slaughterhouse that rub etc..
The preferred embodiments of the present invention are the foregoing is only, are not intended to limit the invention, for the skill of this area
For art personnel, the present invention can have various modifications and variations.Within the spirit and principles of the invention, that is made any repaiies
Change, equivalent substitution, improvement etc., should be included in the scope of the protection.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of flowers and fruits shrimp aquaculture method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
A, rice field prepare, and annular ditch is excavated at 7m~8m into rice field along rice field ridge inner edge, and dike angular distance annular ditch outer rim stays 2m
Compare 1 in platform, furrow width 4m, ditch depth 1.5m, slope:1, annular ditch is excavated in the common ridge for two units that are connected by 6m；Using excavating annular ditch
The soil dug out is widened, increased, reinforcing ridge, and ridge often adds one layer of soil to implement compacting when reinforcing, ridge is higher than field face
0.6m~0.8m, the wide 2m~3m in top, slope compares 1:1.5；Anti-escape wall is set on ridge, and anti-escape wall is embedded to underground 20cm, exposes ground
Upper part 40cm, discharge outlet sets the polyethylene anti-escape network of 20 mesh, and water inlet sets the elongated polyethylene mesh bag of 40 mesh；
In rice field and annular ditch transplanting waterweed, in October to December, every mu of waterweed kind strain with 20kg, by waterweed grass blade
The section for being cut into 15cm is manually planted, and 20 plants are inserted in mud to be a branch of by 3m × 6m, are treated that grass is survived, are gradually added water, to submerge
Pasture and water end 20cm；
B, close shrimp are delivered, and by the end of August, at the beginning of September, semilate rice harvesting, which is gone in rice field annular ditch and field ditch, delivers close shrimp, every 667 ㎡
Deliver 20kg to 30kg；Close shrimp presses female, male ratio 2~3：1 delivers, and is immersed in the water shrimp basket 2 times~3 times, every time 1 point during dispensing
Clock~2 minute, are then delivered in annular ditch and field ditch；Before close shrimp is delivered, annular ditch and field ditch should transplant 40%~
The submerged plant of 60% area；
C, shrimp seedling are delivered, after September to October, semilate rice harvesting, and rice field is poured water to depth of water 10cm~20cm, every 667 ㎡ trainings immediately
Educate area and deliver the tail of the tail of shrimp seedling 8000~1.2 ten thousand of body long size for 1.0cm；The shrimp seedling release time should fine day morning, the dusk or
Cloudy day is carried out, it is to avoid direct sunlight；
D, feed feed, shrimp seedling is delivered first day and feeds animal fodder, is fed daily 3~4 times, and day feeding volume is that juvenile prawn is total
The 5%~8% of weight；Shrimp seedling is delivered first 7 days, applies the fermented farm manure become thoroughly decomposed, and every 667 ㎡ consumptions are 100kg~150kg, are
The agreeable to the taste natural bait of shrimp seed rearing is biological；
Close shrimp feeds animal fodder on a small quantity, is close shrimp gross weight 1% per day feeding volume；
An animal fodder preferably is fed in the platform shoal of balk weekly into the shrimp stage, feeding volume is into shrimp gross weight
2%~5%；When water temperature is less than 12 DEG C, it can not feed；When water temperature rises to more than 16 DEG C, 1 artificial feeding is fed at dusk daily
Material, feeding volume is into the 1%~4% of shrimp weight；
F, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, using physical control, adult is trapped and killed by every 667 ㎡ X40 standards for installing a trapping lamp；Or use
Biological control, using and protect pest natural enemy, usability attractant trapping adult uses biological pesticide preventing and treating snout moth's larva；
G, fish for into shrimp, cage is placed in shrimp ditch in every 667 ㎡ rice fields, every 3~10 days conversion ground cage locations, fishes for the tail phase,
Slow reduction rice terrace water level, until drained field area water；Every 667 ㎡, which is mended, puts body long size 3-4cm juvenile prawn 1000-3000 tails,
Close shrimp in the cave of rice field gives over to seed shrimp, deposits field and measures every 667 ㎡ no less than 15kg.
2. to rice before flowers and fruits shrimp aquaculture method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step, transplanting waterweed
Field carries out disease prevention and disinfected, then rice field is perfused after being soaked with tea seed cake, and tea seed cake consumption is 30kg/667m2；Rice field area length and width
Than for 2:1；Rice field area is more than 667 ㎡ × 50, excavation " one " font or " ten " font field ditch between Tanaka, and furrow width 1m~
2m, ditch depth 0.8m.
3. flowers and fruits shrimp aquaculture method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in stepb, female parent's shrimp whose body weight
Should be in more than 30g, male parent's shrimp whose body weight should be in more than 35g.
4. flowers and fruits shrimp aquaculture method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step D, the man-made feeds are by following
The component composition of parts by weight：65-70 parts of soya bean, 5-8 parts of pumpkin, 3-5 parts of apple, 10-12 parts of dregs of beans, 8-10 parts of wheat bran, medium-height grass
1-3 parts of medicine, the Chinese herbal medicine include dried orange peel, scutellaria, golden cypress, rheum officinale, folium isatidis, oriental wormwood, root tuber of aromatic turmeric, the capsule of weeping forsythia, radix bupleuri, blackspiked lovegrass herb with root,
Rough gentian, rhizoma alismatis, zeolite, selfheal；
The man-made feeds preparation method comprises the following steps：
A, by soya bean and Chinese herbal medicine with 2-3 hour of big fire boiling to medium well, stop working stand 5-10 minutes；
Point stirring in B, addition dregs of beans and wheat bran, continuation big fire boiling half an hour reaches that 10 is ripe；
The pumpkin and apple that powdery is made through smashing by C, addition stir, slow vexed 5 minutes with slow fire；
D, well-done feed is put into refrigerating chamber refrigeration, temperature of refrigerating chamber is controlled below 10 DEG C, feed temperature is reached 10
Below DEG C, produce.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108901962A (en) * | 2018-07-09 | 2018-11-30 | 岳西县悠然生态农业有限公司 | A kind of cultural method of water harmony dish and cray symbiosis and raising yield |
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