CN107250169B - 烯烃低聚方法 - Google Patents
烯烃低聚方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107250169B CN107250169B CN201680008696.XA CN201680008696A CN107250169B CN 107250169 B CN107250169 B CN 107250169B CN 201680008696 A CN201680008696 A CN 201680008696A CN 107250169 B CN107250169 B CN 107250169B
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- alkyl
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- base
- aryl
- carbon atoms
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- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000006384 oligomerization reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000003426 co-catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 claims description 73
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 66
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 59
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 56
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 claims description 23
- -1 aryl cycloalkanes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 21
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 21
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 125000002877 alkyl aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 19
- VURFVHCLMJOLKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphosphane Chemical group PP VURFVHCLMJOLKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 16
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000005647 linker group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000002769 thiazolinyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000004446 heteroarylalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000000392 cycloalkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000004447 heteroarylalkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000004366 heterocycloalkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000004415 heterocyclylalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000005018 aryl alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- BFGKITSFLPAWGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(3+) Chemical compound [Cr+3] BFGKITSFLPAWGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000004367 cycloalkylaryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000005349 heteroarylcycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- OBETXYAYXDNJHR-SSDOTTSWSA-M (2r)-2-ethylhexanoate Chemical compound CCCC[C@@H](CC)C([O-])=O OBETXYAYXDNJHR-SSDOTTSWSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- QGHDLJAZIIFENW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-(4-hydroxy-3-prop-2-enylphenyl)propan-2-yl]-2-prop-2-enylphenol Chemical group C1=C(CC=C)C(O)=CC=C1C(C(F)(F)F)(C(F)(F)F)C1=CC=C(O)C(CC=C)=C1 QGHDLJAZIIFENW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007848 Bronsted acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002879 Lewis base Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- MUFRVAMFBLGDOO-UHFFFAOYSA-K [OH-].[Cr+3].C(C)(=O)O.[OH-].[OH-] Chemical compound [OH-].[Cr+3].C(C)(=O)O.[OH-].[OH-] MUFRVAMFBLGDOO-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- OBETXYAYXDNJHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-ethylcaproic acid Natural products CCCCC(CC)C(O)=O OBETXYAYXDNJHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- AOOPDXUBHWCNJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium;1-phenylbutane-1,3-dione Chemical compound [Cr].CC(=O)CC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 AOOPDXUBHWCNJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000007527 lewis bases Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- JYLPOJPHFDVWCY-UHFFFAOYSA-K oxolane;trichlorochromium Chemical class [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cr+3].C1CCOC1 JYLPOJPHFDVWCY-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- GEKDHJTUYGMYFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium;pentane-2,4-dione Chemical compound [Cr].CC(=O)CC(C)=O GEKDHJTUYGMYFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexene Chemical compound CCCCC=C LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 22
- KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-octene Chemical compound CCCCCCC=C KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 13
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 8
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Octanol Natural products CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphine Chemical compound P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- CPOFMOWDMVWCLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl(oxo)alumane Chemical class C[Al]=O CPOFMOWDMVWCLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 125000000538 pentafluorophenyl group Chemical group FC1=C(F)C(F)=C(*)C(F)=C1F 0.000 description 7
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 6
- IMFACGCPASFAPR-UHFFFAOYSA-O tributylazanium Chemical compound CCCC[NH+](CCCC)CCCC IMFACGCPASFAPR-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 6
- GETQZCLCWQTVFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylamine Chemical compound CN(C)C GETQZCLCWQTVFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000002723 alicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- YRKCREAYFQTBPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetylacetone Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(C)=O YRKCREAYFQTBPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- UAEPNZWRGJTJPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylcyclohexane Chemical compound CC1CCCCC1 UAEPNZWRGJTJPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-O triethylammonium ion Chemical compound CC[NH+](CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 4
- YFTHZRPMJXBUME-UHFFFAOYSA-N tripropylamine Chemical compound CCCN(CCC)CCC YFTHZRPMJXBUME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OLFPYUPGPBITMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tritylium Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1[C+](C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 OLFPYUPGPBITMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DXQXWMYUGOTNGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]boron Chemical compound [B]C1=CC=C(C(F)(F)F)C=C1 DXQXWMYUGOTNGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010528 free radical solution polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000004836 hexamethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:2])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:1] 0.000 description 3
- 229920000092 linear low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004707 linear low-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910000073 phosphorus hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Divinylbenzene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZGEGCLOFRBLKSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Heptene Chemical compound CCCCCC=C ZGEGCLOFRBLKSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-decene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC=C AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HFDVRLIODXPAHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-tetradecene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC=C HFDVRLIODXPAHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000590 4-methylphenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(=C([H])C([H])=C1*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical group [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1 MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000004177 diethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-O phosphonium Chemical compound [PH4+] XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-O triphenylphosphanium Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1[PH+](C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VKMQKNJWQNCEQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4-methylphenyl)boron Chemical compound [B]C1=CC=C(C)C=C1 VKMQKNJWQNCEQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OJOWICOBYCXEKR-KRXBUXKQSA-N (5e)-5-ethylidenebicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene Chemical compound C1C2C(=C/C)/CC1C=C2 OJOWICOBYCXEKR-KRXBUXKQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQOGEOLRYAOSKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-dichloro-1-nitroethane Chemical compound CC(Cl)(Cl)[N+]([O-])=O OQOGEOLRYAOSKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RNLHGQLZWXBQNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(aminomethyl)-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexan-1-amine Chemical class CC1(C)CC(N)CC(C)(CN)C1 RNLHGQLZWXBQNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UDMMZSJNHAWYKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-phenylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene Chemical compound C1C(C=C2)CCC21C1=CC=CC=C1 UDMMZSJNHAWYKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- HECLRDQVFMWTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dicyclopentadiene Chemical compound C1C2C3CC=CC3C1C=C2 HECLRDQVFMWTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920010126 Linear Low Density Polyethylene (LLDPE) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-O Methylammonium ion Chemical compound [NH3+]C BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CUJRVFIICFDLGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetylacetonate Chemical compound CC(=O)[CH-]C(C)=O CUJRVFIICFDLGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001118 alkylidene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004419 alkynylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- XYLMUPLGERFSHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-Methylstyrene Chemical compound CC(=C)C1=CC=CC=C1 XYLMUPLGERFSHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002490 anilino group Chemical group [H]N(*)C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000005428 anthryl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C2C([H])=C3C(*)=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C3=C([H])C2=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical group [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical group [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000085 borane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005660 chlorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- XEHUIDSUOAGHBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium;pentane-2,4-dione Chemical compound [Cr].CC(=O)CC(C)=O.CC(=O)CC(C)=O.CC(=O)CC(C)=O XEHUIDSUOAGHBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 150000001924 cycloalkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- MYBJXSAXGLILJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl(methyl)alumane Chemical compound CC[Al](C)CC MYBJXSAXGLILJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HPNMFZURTQLUMO-UHFFFAOYSA-O diethylammonium Chemical compound CC[NH2+]CC HPNMFZURTQLUMO-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- JGHYBJVUQGTEEB-UHFFFAOYSA-M dimethylalumanylium;chloride Chemical compound C[Al](C)Cl JGHYBJVUQGTEEB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- MWNKMBHGMZHEMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylalumanylium;ethanolate Chemical compound CCO[Al](C)C MWNKMBHGMZHEMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001972 isopentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000002045 lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- HZVOZRGWRWCICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanediyl Chemical compound [CH2] HZVOZRGWRWCICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQBCXNQILNPAPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxy(dimethyl)alumane Chemical compound [O-]C.C[Al+]C BQBCXNQILNPAPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000740 n-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- SJYNFBVQFBRSIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N norbornadiene Chemical compound C1=CC2C=CC1C2 SJYNFBVQFBRSIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JFNLZVQOOSMTJK-KNVOCYPGSA-N norbornene Chemical compound C1[C@@H]2CC[C@H]1C=C2 JFNLZVQOOSMTJK-KNVOCYPGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000655 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002902 organometallic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- NPDACUSDTOMAMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N para-chlorotoluene Natural products CC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 NPDACUSDTOMAMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YWAKXRMUMFPDSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentene Chemical group CCCC=C YWAKXRMUMFPDSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种烯烃低聚方法,包括:i)将烯烃单体和溶剂注入连续搅拌釜反应器(CSTR)中;ii)将包含配体化合物、过渡金属化合物和助催化剂的低聚催化剂体系注入连续搅拌釜反应器中;以及iii)进行烯烃单体的多聚反应,其中烯烃单体和溶剂的流速比为1:1至2:1。在根据本发明的烯烃低聚方法中,在使用连续搅拌釜反应器的连续反应的烯烃多聚反应期间,通过控制反应条件,即使使用少量溶剂也可以获得高线性α‑烯烃选择性。
Description
技术领域
[相关申请的交叉引用]
本申请要求于2015年2月12日向韩国知识产权局提交的韩国专利申请第2015-0021784号以及于2015年12月10日向韩国知识产权局提交的韩国专利申请第2015-0176277号的权益,其全部公开内容通过引用并入本文。
[技术领域]
本发明涉及一种烯烃低聚方法,该方法即使使用少量溶剂也能保持高线性α-烯烃选择性和C2转化率。
背景技术
线性α-烯烃是用于共聚单体、清洁剂、润滑剂、增塑剂等中的重要材料,并且在商业上广泛使用。特别地,在制备线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)期间,1-己烯和1-辛烯被广泛用作用于控制聚乙烯密度的共聚单体。
在普通LLDPE的制备方法中,进行α-烯烃(例如1-己烯、1-辛烯等)与乙烯的共聚来通过在聚合物主链上形成分支来控制密度。
因此,在制备具有高共聚单体含量的LLDPE时,共聚单体是昂贵的部分。为了解决该缺点,已经进行了各种方法。
此外,α-烯烃的应用领域或市场规模取决于其种类,并且选择性生产特定烯烃的技术在商业上尤为重要。近来,正积极展开关于使用铬催化剂通过选择性的乙烯低聚来高选择性地制备1-己烯或1-辛烯的技术的研究。
商业上制备1-己烯或1-辛烯的常规方法包括壳牌化学公司的壳牌公司高级烯烃生产工艺(shell higher olefin process,SHOP),雪佛龙飞利浦化学公司的齐格勒法等。通过这些方法,可以获得具有C4-C20的宽分布的α-烯烃。
作为使乙烯三聚的催化剂,提出使用具有式(R1)(R2)X-Y-X(R3)(R4)的配体的基于铬的催化剂。在该式中,X为磷、砷或锑,Y是如-N(R5)-的连接基,并且,R1、R2、R3和R4中的至少一个具有极性或供电子取代基。
此外,已经研究了对于R1、R2、R3和R4中的至少一个不包括极性取代基的(邻-乙基苯基)2PN(Me)P(邻-乙基苯基)2的化合物作为配体,其在催化条件下对于1-己烯不显示催化活性(Chem.Commun.,2002,858)。
然而,在制备1-辛烯或1-己烯期间,仍然需要包含杂原子的常规配体以对多聚反应具有不断持续的活性以及高选择性。
同时,在传统的乙烯低聚反应中,过度使用溶剂,表现出高的催化活性,并且可以实现高选择性,然而由于设备扩大,使得从溶剂中分离产物耗费成本和精力。因此,需要开发技术以解决与使用的过量溶剂相关的限制。
发明内容
技术问题
在本公开中,提供了一种烯烃低聚方法,其中通过使用连续搅拌釜反应器利用连续反应在进行多聚反应期间控制反应条件,使得即使用少量的溶剂也可以获得高α-烯烃选择性。
技术方案
根据本发明的一个方面,提供了一种烯烃低聚方法,其包括:
i)将烯烃单体和溶剂注入连续搅拌釜反应器(CSTR)中;
ii)将包含配体化合物、过渡金属化合物和助催化剂的低聚催化剂体系注入所述连续搅拌釜反应器中;以及
iii)进行烯烃单体的多聚反应,
其中烯烃单体和溶剂的流速比为1:1至2:1。
有益效果
根据本发明的烯烃低聚方法,通过使用连续搅拌釜反应器利用连续反应在多聚反应期间控制反应条件,使得即使用少量的溶剂也可以获得高α-烯烃选择性。
具体实施方式
本发明的方式
在下文中,将详细描述本发明以帮助理解本发明。在本公开或权利要求中使用的术语或词语不应被定义或解释为常见含义或词典含义,而是基于发明人可以通过其最佳方式来适当地定义术语的概念以解释本发明的原则,应当被解释为具有与本发明技术精神的含义一致的含义。
本文使用的术语仅用于描述特定实施方式的目的,并不意图限制本发明。单数形式也旨在包括复数形式,除非上下文另有明确指出。
还将进一步理解,当在本说明书中使用时,术语“包括”、“包含”等具体说明所述特征、数字、步骤、元件或其组合的存在,但不排除存在或添加一个或多个其它特征、数字、步骤、元件或其组合。
在本公开中,术语“基于催化剂的”、“催化剂组合物”或“催化剂体系”是指通过同时或以任选顺序添加包括过渡金属源、配体化合物和助催化剂三种组分,或者可选地包括过渡金属化合物和助催化剂两种组分而具有活性的催化剂组合物的可获得的状态。可以在溶剂和单体的存在或不存在下加入催化剂体系的这三种组分或两种组分,并且这三个术语可以互换使用。
本公开中使用的术语“低聚”是指烯烃的低聚。根据烯烃的数量,可以是指三聚或四聚,它们的上位概念是多聚。特别地,在本公开中,低聚是指从烯烃单体中选择性制备作为LLDPE的主要共聚单体的1-己烯和1-辛烯。
在本公开中,烃基是指仅由碳和氢构成的所有化合物,例如烷基、芳基、烯基、环烷基等,除非另外提及,烃基可以是直链和支链,并且可以指未取代的和取代的类型例如,具有1至20个碳原子的烷基可以指甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、丁基、异丁基、戊基、异戊基、新戊基等,并且具有6至20个碳原子的芳基可以指例如苯基、萘基、蒽基等,但不限于此。
在本公开中,烷基芳基是指具有至少一个烷基作为取代基的芳基,芳基烷基是指具有至少一个芳基作为取代基的烷基。
在本公开中,杂原子是指N、O、S或P,并且杂烃基可以指包括至少一个杂原子的烃基。也就是说,杂烷基可以指其中一个碳被杂原子取代的烷基或可以指包括杂原子作为取代基的烷基。杂芳基可以指其中一个碳被杂原子取代的芳环,如吡啶基。另外,对于杂芳基烷基、杂烷基芳基、杂烯基芳基等亦如此。
在杂烃基中,官能化的连接点是碳,然而,在“杂基(heteryl group)”(如“烃杂基”,“有机杂基”,“它们的杂基”等)中,官能化的连接点可以是杂原子。
烯烃低聚方法
本发明的烯烃低聚方法包括:i)将烯烃单体和溶剂注入连续搅拌釜反应器(CSTR)中;ii)将包含配体化合物、过渡金属化合物和助催化剂的低聚催化剂体系注入所述连续搅拌釜反应器中;以及iii)进行烯烃单体的多聚反应,其中烯烃单体和溶剂的流速比为1:1至2:1。
本发明的烯烃低聚方法是使用连续搅拌釜反应器(CSTR)的连续溶液聚合方法,并且在步骤i)中,将烯烃单体和溶剂注入连续搅拌釜反应器(CSTR)中,使得烯烃单体溶解在溶剂中。
然后,在步骤ii)中,将包含配体化合物、过渡金属化合物和助催化剂的低聚催化剂体系注入连续搅拌釜反应器中,由此包含烯烃单体、溶剂和低聚催化剂体系的反应物被注入所述连续搅拌釜反应器中。在步骤iii)中,进行烯烃的多聚反应。
作为连续搅拌釜反应器,可以使用本发明的技术领域中常用的反应器,对其构造没有特别限定。
为了即使在使用少量的溶剂的情况下,使用连续搅拌釜反应器利用连续溶液聚合法也能维持高线性α-烯烃选择性和C2转化率,需要满足恒定的反应条件,即温度、压力以及烯烃单体和溶剂的供应量。
在本发明的烯烃低聚方法中,注入到连续搅拌釜反应器中的烯烃单体和溶剂的流速比可以为1:1至2:1,特别是1.1:1至1.8:1。
在注入到连续搅拌釜反应器中的烯烃单体和溶剂的流速比满足1:1至2:1的范围的情况下,可以实现烯烃单体的高转化率,并且可以降低溶剂相对于低聚产物的比例。
烯烃在连续搅拌釜反应器中的多聚反应可以在30巴至150巴,特别是40巴至100巴,更具体地,40巴至80巴的压力下进行。
此外,烯烃在连续搅拌釜反应器中的多聚反应可以在30℃至150℃,特别是40℃至120℃,更具体地,在50℃至70℃的温度条件下进行。在温度为30℃以上的情况下,反应可以在反应器中充分进行,在温度为120℃以下的情况下,可以避免由于温度升高超过需要而导致的工艺效率的劣化。
可将注入连续搅拌釜反应器中的包含配体化合物、过渡金属化合物和助催化剂的低聚催化剂体系的量确定为相对于烯烃单体注入量的一定比例。
在步骤ii)中注入的低聚催化剂体系中的配体化合物的浓度可以为3μM至15μM,特别是4μM至12μM,更特别是5μM至7μM。
在步骤ii)中注入的低聚催化剂体系中的过渡金属化合物的浓度可以为3μM至15μM,特别是4μM至12μM,更特别是5μM至7μM。
相对于一当量的在过渡金属化合物中包含的过渡金属,在步骤ii)中注入的低聚催化剂体系中助催化剂可以为300当量至3,000当量,特别是400当量至2,000当量,更具体地,600当量至1,800当量。
在本发明的一个实施方式中,步骤iii)的低聚产物和溶剂满足产物/溶剂(w/w)>1.0的关系。在使用连续搅拌釜反应器的根据连续溶液聚合法的烯烃低聚反应中,为了提高产物相对于溶剂的比例,需要在恒定的反应条件下进行反应,并且需要满足温度、压力以及烯烃单体和溶剂的供应量。因此,在满足温度、压力以及烯烃单体和溶剂的供应量的条件的情况下,步骤iii)的低聚产物和溶剂可以满足产物/溶剂(w/w)>1.0的关系。
在根据本发明的烯烃低聚方法使烯烃单体多聚的情况下,烯烃单体的产物转化率可以为60%以上,特别是60%至90%,并且更特别地,65%至80%。
烯烃单体可以是选自以下各项中的至少一种:乙烯、丙烯、1-丁烯、1-戊烯、4-甲基-1-戊烯、1-己烯、1-庚烯、1-辛烯、1-癸烯、1-十一碳烯、1-十二碳烯、1-十四碳烯、1-十六碳烯、1-二十碳烯、降冰片烯、降冰片二烯、亚乙基降冰片烯、苯基降冰片烯、乙烯基降冰片烯、二环戊二烯、1,4-丁二烯、1,5-戊二烯、1,6-己二烯、苯乙烯、α-甲基苯乙烯、二乙烯基苯和3-氯甲基苯乙烯,特别是可以包括乙烯。
低聚催化剂体系
配体化合物
在低聚催化剂体系中包含的配体化合物可以包括由以下式1表示的二膦部分。
[式1]
在以上式1中,A为N、As或Sb,R1至R4各自独立地为具有1至20个碳原子的烃基、杂烃基或烃杂基。
此外,包括由式1表示的二膦部分的配体化合物可以包括至少两个由以下式2表示的二膦部分。
[式2]
在以上式2中,A以及R1至R4与式1中定义的相同,*是连接至少两个二膦部分的连接基团。
此外,在由以上式2表示的二膦部分的数目为2,A为氮(N)的情况下,配体化合物可以包括由以下式2a表示的化合物。
[式2a]
在以上式2a中,R1至R4和R1'至R4'中的每一个可以选自与式1或式2中的R1至R4相同的基团,并且L可以是连接两个二膦部分的连接基团。
式1、2以及2a中的R1至R4和式2a中R1'至R4'的实例没有特别限定,但可以是例如具有6至20个碳原子的芳基、杂芳基或芳杂基;或具有7至20个碳原子的烷基芳基、杂烷基芳基、烷基杂芳基或烷基芳杂基。在选择这样的取代基的情况下,可以获得对催化剂活性或线性α-烯烃的选择性的积极影响。
连接至少两个二膦部分的连接基团(L)可以是具有各种结构的烃基,并且在二膦部分之间最短距离的碳数可以是2至30。即,提供烃基用于连接两个以上二膦部分,并且用于连接二膦部分的最短距离的烃基的碳数可以在2至10的范围内。
特别地,连接基团可以与选自以下各项中的至少一种组合:具有2至20个碳原子的脂肪族基团,具有2至20个碳原子的杂脂肪族基团,具有3至20个碳原子的脂环族基团,具有3至20个碳原子的杂脂环族基团,具有6至20个碳原子的芳香族基团,和具有6至20个碳原子的杂芳香族基团,并且其可以具有任何结构,只要满足上述条件即可,而没有特别限制。
此外,在将选自上述基团中的至少一种或通过组合其至少两种获得的基团确定为主链的情况下,连接基团的主链可以具有不同结构的取代基。
特别地,连接基团的取代基可以是选自以下各项中的至少一种:具有1至20个碳原子的脂肪族基团,具有2至20个碳原子的杂脂肪族基团,具有3至20个碳原子的脂环族基团,具有3至20个碳原子的杂脂环族基团,具有6至20个碳原子的芳香族基团,和具有6至20个碳原子的杂芳香族基团。考虑到连接基团的柔性,可将一个、两个或多个取代基与主链结合,并且结合位置可以优选地为二膦部分的远侧,但是取代基的结合位置不特别限于此。
通过2至30个碳原子连接至少两个由上述式1表示的基团的连接基团(L)的非限制性实例可包括具有以下基团的化合物:具有2至30个碳原子的脂肪族基团(例如,亚烷基、亚烯基、亚炔基或脂肪族基团中含有杂原子的杂脂肪族基团),具有2至20个碳原子的脂环族基团(例如亚环烷基、亚环烯基、亚环炔基、或在脂环族基团中包含杂原子的杂脂环族基团)或脂肪族(或杂脂族)基团和脂环族(或杂脂环族)基团的组合基团。
根据本发明的另一个实施方式,配体化合物可以包括由以下式3表示的化合物。
[式3]
在式3中,R1至R4各自独立地为具有1至20个碳原子的烃基、杂烃基或烃杂基,特别地,R1至R4各自独立地为具有6至20个碳原子的芳基或具有7至20个碳原子的烷基芳基,R5为具有1至20个碳原子的烷基。
在R5为甲基的情况下,R6可以为具有2或3个碳原子的烷基、烯基、杂烷基、杂烯基或它们的杂基的直链基团;具有4至20个碳原子的烷基、烯基、芳基烷基、芳基烯基、杂烷基、杂烯基、杂芳基烷基、杂芳基烯基或它们的杂基;具有3至20个碳原子的环烷基、环烯基、芳基环烷基、芳基环烯基、杂环烷基、杂环烯基、杂芳基环烷基、杂芳基环烯基或它们的杂基;具有6至20个碳原子的芳基、杂芳基或它们的杂基;或具有7至20个碳原子的烷基芳基、杂烷基芳基或它们的杂基。
此外,在R5为甲基的情况下,R6可以优选为具有2至20个碳原子的杂烷基、杂烯基、杂芳基烷基、杂芳基烯基或它们的杂基;具有3至20个碳原子的杂环烷基、杂环烯基、杂芳基环烷基、杂芳基环烯基或它们的杂基;具有6至20个碳原子的芳基、杂芳基或它们的杂基;或具有7至20个碳原子的烷基芳基、杂烷基芳基或它们的杂基。
在R5为具有2至20个碳原子的烷基的情况下,R6可以为具有2至20个碳原子的烷基、烯基、芳基烷基、芳基烯基、杂烷基、杂烯基、杂芳基烷基、杂芳基烯基或它们的杂基;具有3至20个碳原子的环烷基、环烯基、芳基环烷基、芳基环烯基、杂环烷基、杂环烯基、杂芳基环烷基、杂芳基环烯基或它们的杂基;具有6至20个碳原子的芳基、杂芳基或它们的杂基;或具有7至20个碳原子的烷基芳基、杂烷基芳基或它们的杂基。
R7至R9可各自独立地为氢;具有1至20个碳原子的烷基、烯基、芳基烷基或芳基烯基;具有3至20个碳原子的环烷基、环烯基、芳基环烷基或芳基环烯基;具有6至20个碳原子的芳基;或具有7至20个碳原子的烷基芳基。
如上所述,由式3表示的配体化合物可以是例如通过用R5和R6取代苯胺化合物中2位和6位碳原子而获得的化合物,以及可以根据2位和6位碳原子上的取代基来改变配体化合物和包含该配体化合物的低聚催化剂体系的性质。
在2位碳原子被甲基取代的情况下,可以用与2位取代基不同的基团取代6位碳原子以获得非对称结构。
作为非限制性实例,取代基可以为具有2或3个碳原子的烷基、烯基、杂烷基、杂烯基或它们的杂基的直链基团;或取代基可以为具有4至20个碳原子的烷基、烯基、芳基烷基、芳基烯基、杂烷基、杂烯基、杂芳基烷基、杂芳基烯基或它们的杂基。
此外,取代基可以为具有3至20个碳原子的环烷基、环烯基、芳基环烷基、芳基环烯基、杂环烷基、杂环烯基、杂芳基环烷基、杂芳基环烯基或它们的杂基;取代基可以为具有6至20个碳原子的芳基、杂芳基或它们的杂基;或取代基可以为具有7至20个碳原子的烷基芳基、杂烷基芳基或它们的杂基。
此外,在2位碳原子被具有2至20个碳原子的烷基取代的情况下,6位碳原子可被与2位取代基相同或不同的取代基所取代。
作为非限制性实例,取代基可以为具有2至20个碳原子的烷基、烯基、芳基烷基、芳基烯基、杂烷基、杂烯基、杂芳基烷基、杂芳基烯基或它们的杂基;取代基可以为具有3至20个碳原子的环烷基、环烯基、芳基环烷基、芳基环烯基、杂环烷基、杂环烯基、杂芳基环烷基、杂芳基环烯基或它们的杂基;取代基可以为具有6至20个碳原子的芳基、杂芳基或它们的杂基;或取代基可以为具有7至20个碳原子的烷基芳基、杂烷基芳基或它们的杂基。
由于苯胺基团的取代基的结构特征,在包括该配体化合物的催化剂体系中,PNP-Cr可以根据各种条件(例如过渡金属周围的电子和空间环境)而容易地相互作用,因此可以获得低聚反应的高活性。特别地,对于1-己烯、1-辛烯等,可以获得高选择性,顺带地,可以节省能量,这是因为,随着1-己烯的增加和1-己烯异构体的减少,可以变成不需要分离过程。
配体化合物可以通过以下反应式1合成,但不限于此。
[反应式1]
在以上反应式1中,G1可以是式3中具有R5至R9的苯基,G2和G3中的每一个可以为式3中的R1至R4,并且X可为卤素。
反应式1是用于合成由式3表示的配体化合物的一般性反应,并且可以是通过胺和膦的反应制备二膦胺的反应。也即,在该反应中,作为亲核试剂的胺可以攻击膦中由X表示的离去基团以进行取代。X可以是可容易分离并稳定的任何官能团,而没有限制。通常,可以包括如Cl、Br或I的卤素。
过渡金属化合物
这种选择性烯烃低聚反应与所使用的催化剂体系密切相关。用于烯烃低聚反应的催化剂体系包括起主催化剂作用的过渡金属化合物以及助催化剂。在这种情况下,根据配体的化学结构,可以改变活性催化剂的结构,因此可以改变烯烃选择性、活性或副产物的量。
根据本发明实施方式的低聚催化剂体系中的过渡金属化合物用作主催化剂,并且可以具有与如上所述的配体化合物形成配位键的状态。
特别地,如以下式2-1所示,过渡金属化合物和包含至少两个由以上式2表示的二膦部分的配体化合物可以形成配位键。
[式2-1]
在以上式2-1中,R1至R4与式1中定义的相同,*与式2中定义的相同,M可为过渡金属,并且优选为Cr,Xn可为H,F,Cl,Br,I,具有1至6个碳原子的烷基、烯基、芳基烷基、杂烷基、杂烯基或杂芳基烷基,卤素,乙酸根,或乙酰丙酮酸根,m为M的氧化数,并且可以是自然数。
此外,如以下式2a-1所示,过渡金属化合物和由式2a表示的配体化合物可以形成配位键。
[式2a-1]
在式2a-1中,R1至R4、Xn、m和M与式2-1中定义的相同,并且R1'至R4'以及Xn'也与R1至R4和Xn相同。
此外,如以下式3-1所示,过渡金属化合物和由式3表示的配体化合物可以形成配位键。
[式3-1]
在式3-1中,Xn、m和M与式2-1中定义的相同,并且R1至R9与式3中定义的相同。
特别地,过渡金属化合物可以包括有机铬化合物,并且所述有机铬化合物可以为选自乙酰丙酮铬(III)、三(四氢呋喃)三氯化铬、2-乙基己酸铬(III)、三(2,2,6,6-四甲基-3,5-庚二酮酸)铬(III)、苯甲酰丙酮铬(III)、六氟-2,4-戊二酮酸铬(III)和乙酸氢氧化铬(III)中的至少一种。
助催化剂
助催化剂是包含第13族金属的有机金属化合物,并且通常可为在过渡金属化合物催化剂存在下可用于使烯烃低聚的任意一种,没有特别限制。特别地,助催化剂可以是选自由以下式4至6表示的化合物中的至少一种。
[式4]
-[Al(R5)-O]c-
在以上式4中,各个R5彼此相同或不同,并且独立地为卤素基团、具有1至20个碳原子的烃基、或卤素取代的具有1至20个碳原子的烃基,并且c为至少2的整数。
[式5]
D(R6)3
在以上式5中,
D为铝或硼,各个R6彼此相同或不同,并且独立地为氢或卤素、具有1至20个碳原子的烃基、或卤素取代的具有1至20个碳原子的烃基。
[式6]
[L-H]+[Q(E)4]-
在以上式6中,
L为中性路易斯碱,[L-H]+为布朗斯台德酸,Q是+3氧化态的硼或铝,并且各个E独立地为具有6至20个碳原子的芳基或具有1至20个碳原子的烷基,其中至少一个氢原子被卤素、具有1至20个碳原子的烃基、烷氧官能团或苯氧官能团所取代或者未被取代。
由式4表示的化合物可以是改性的甲基铝氧烷(MMAO)、甲基铝氧烷(MAO)、乙基铝氧烷、异丁基铝氧烷、丁基铝氧烷等。
由以上式5表示的烷基金属化合物可以包括例如三甲基铝、三乙基铝、三异丁基铝、三正丙基铝、三正丁基铝、二甲基氯化铝、二甲基异丁基铝、二甲基乙基铝、二乙基氯化铝、三异丙基铝、三仲丁基铝、三环戊基铝、三正戊基铝、三异戊基铝、三己基铝、乙基二甲基铝、甲基二乙基铝、三苯基铝、三对甲苯基铝、二甲基铝甲醇盐、二甲基铝乙醇盐、三甲基硼、三乙基硼、三异丁基硼、三丙基硼、三正丁基硼等。
由以上式6表示的化合物的实例可以包括例如三乙基铵四苯基硼、三丁基铵四苯基硼、三甲基铵四苯基硼、三丙基铵四苯基硼、三甲基铵四(对甲苯基)硼、三丙基铵四(对甲苯基)硼、三乙基铵四(邻,对-二甲基苯基)硼、三甲基铵四(邻,对-二甲基苯基)硼、三丁基铵四(对三氟甲基苯基)硼、三甲基铵四(对三氟甲基苯基)硼、三丁基铵四(五氟苯基)硼、N,N-二乙基苯铵四苯基硼、N,N-二乙基苯铵四苯基硼、N,N-二乙基苯铵四(五氟苯基)硼、二乙基铵四(五氟苯基)硼、三苯基鏻四苯基硼、三甲基鏻四苯基硼、三乙基铵四苯基铝、三丁基铵四苯基铝、三甲基铵四苯基铝、三丙基铵四苯基铝、三甲基铵四(对甲苯基)铝、三丙基铵四(对甲苯基)铝、三乙基铵四(邻,对-二甲基苯基)铝、三丁基铵四(对三氟甲基苯基)铝、三甲基铵四(对三氟甲基苯基)铝、三丁基铵四(五氟苯基)铝、N,N-二乙基苯铵四苯基铝、N,N-二乙基苯铵四苯基铝、N,N-二乙基苯铵四(五氟苯基)铝、二乙基铵四(五氟苯基)铝、三苯基鏻四苯基铝、三甲基鏻四苯基铝、三苯基碳鎓四苯基硼、三苯基碳鎓四苯基铝、三苯基碳鎓四(对三氟甲基苯基)硼、三苯基碳鎓四(五氟苯基)硼等。
根据一个实施方式的低聚催化剂体系的助催化剂可优选包括铝氧烷,更优选地,可以使用甲基铝氧烷(MAO)或改性的甲基铝氧烷(MMAO)。
制备低聚催化剂体系的方法
用于制备低聚催化剂体系的方法的非限制性实例可包括通过混合配体化合物和过渡金属化合物制备催化剂组合物的步骤;以及在-40℃至80℃的温度下使助催化剂和催化剂组合物混合并活化的步骤。
催化剂组合物包含配体化合物和过渡金属化合物,并且根据本发明的用于制备低聚催化剂体系的方法,事先将配体化合物和过渡金属化合物混合以诱导两种化合物之间的金属化反应。
金属化反应可以是在配体化合物和过渡金属化合物之间形成配位键的反应,将在下文解释配体化合物和过渡金属化合物的配位状态,配体化合物的活化点等。
在通过配体化合物和过渡金属化合物的充分金属化反应制备催化剂组合物之后,将催化剂组合物与助催化剂混合并活化。活化可指通过催化剂组合物和助催化剂的接触并熟化使低聚催化剂体系活化。
催化剂组合物和助催化剂的活化可以通过使在与有机溶剂混合之后以溶液相存在的助催化剂与催化剂组合物接触并熟化一段时间来进行。可以通过搅拌,简单混合等进行活化,而没有特别限制,并且可以应用任何方法以便通过催化剂组合物和助催化剂的接触使低聚催化剂体系产生活性。
有机溶剂可以包括例如庚烷、甲苯、环己烷、甲基环己烷、1-己烯、乙醚、四氢呋喃、乙腈、二氯甲烷、氯仿、氯苯、甲醇、丙酮等,但不限于此。
可以在-40℃至80℃,优选20℃至80℃或25℃至60℃的温度下进行催化剂组合物和助催化剂的活化。在高于80℃的高温下进行催化剂组合物与助催化剂的接触和熟化以活化的情况下,催化剂组合物中的配体和过渡金属可能被可以用作助催化剂的烷基金属过度活化,并且在低聚反应期间可能产生副产物,或者活性在早期可能劣化。
此外,在低于-40℃的极低温度下进行催化剂组合物与助催化剂的接触和熟化以活化的情况下,不能提供活化催化剂所需的能量并且催化剂不能被活化。
可以通过使与有机溶剂混合后以溶液相存在的助催化剂和催化剂组合物接触并熟化一段时间来实现催化剂组合物和助催化剂的活化。可以通过搅拌,简单混合等进行活化,而没有特别限制,并且可以应用任何方法以便通过催化剂组合物和助催化剂的接触使低聚催化剂体系产生活性。
可以通过分开且独立的管线使助催化剂和催化剂组合物进料,可将反应物通过单独的管线直接进料到反应器中。因此,可以减少与反应物的接触时间,并且可以实现高温下活性的保持。
实施例
在下文中,将详细说明本发明的实施例,使得本领域技术人员可以容易地实施。然而,本发明可以以各种修改来实施,而不限于本文的实施例。
<配体化合物的合成>
所有反应在氩气氛下使用Schlenk技术或手套箱进行。在使用Varian 500MHz光谱仪采用1H(500MHz)和31P(202MHz)NMR光谱分析合成的配体。化学位移值用相对于TMS低场的ppm表示,以残留溶剂峰作为参照。使用H3PO4水溶液校准磷探针。
制备实施例
在氩气氛下,将3-(氨基甲基)-3,5,5-三甲基环己胺(5mmol)和三乙胺(相对于胺3-10当量)溶于二氯甲烷(80ml)中。向水浴内的烧瓶中缓慢加入氯二甲苯基膦(20mmol,相对于胺2当量)并搅拌过夜。真空蒸发溶剂后,加入THF并充分搅拌。使用无空气玻璃过滤器除去三乙基氯化铵盐。从滤液中除去溶剂,得到产物。
<α-烯烃低聚物的制备>
实施例1
在氩气氛下,将根据制备实施例制备的配体化合物和Cr(acac)3(17.5mg,0.014mmol)加入到烧瓶中,使配体:铬的摩尔比为0.55:1,加入100ml甲基环己烷(MCH),接着搅拌,得到0.5mM(对于Cr)溶液。
在氮气氛下,分别以1.0kg/hr和1.5kg/hr的流速向2L CSTR连续注入甲基环己烷和乙烯,以将压力维持在60巴。将上述制备的具有0.5mM(对于Cr)的溶液注入10L压力容器中,然后将用环己烷适当稀释的催化剂溶液以3mL/min的速率注入反应器中,考虑到使催化剂溶液的注入量满足Al:Cr的摩尔比为1800:1,连续地注入(5.4mL/min)改性甲基铝氧烷(MMAO)助催化剂在环己烷中稀释所得到的溶液。通过向反应器的夹套连续注入室温水将反应温度控制在60℃。在稳定进行2小时反应的情况下,收集50mL排出的反应物1小时,并用水淬灭。使用PTFE注射过滤器过滤有机层,进行GC分析。
向剩余的反应产物中加入400ml乙醇/HCl(10体积%),然后搅拌并过滤得到聚合物。将由此得到的聚合物在60℃真空烘箱中干燥过夜,并称重。
实施例2至6以及对比实施例1
除了按照以下表1中所示设定甲基环己烷和乙烯的流速以及催化剂溶液和助催化剂的注入速率之外,根据实施例1步骤2中所述相同的方法制备α-烯烃低聚物。
[表1]
实验实施例1:催化剂的活性
参见表1,根据本发明的烯烃低聚方法的示例性实施方式的实施例确保了在多聚反应中具有非常高的活性。
实验实施例2:低聚反应随着烯烃单体、溶剂和低聚催化剂体系的注入速率的变化
实施例1至6的结果示于以下表2中。
[表2]
参见表1和表2,在根据本发明的实施例1至6的烯烃低聚方法中,在将烯烃单体和溶剂一起注入到连续搅拌釜反应器(CSTR)中之后,然后注入低聚物催化剂体系来进行烯烃单体的多聚反应期间,由于烯烃单体和溶剂的流速比满足1:1至2:1的范围,低聚产物和溶剂可满足产物/溶剂(w/w)>1.0的关系。因此,即使使用少量的溶剂也可以以高收率制备低聚烯烃,并且可以保持高的线性α-烯烃选择性。
相反,在根据对比实施例1的烯烃低聚方法中,由于烯烃单体和溶剂的流速比(1:1.2)不满足1:1至2:1的范围,产物/溶剂(w/w)=0.64,因此与低聚产物的量相比,溶剂的量更大。
尽管已经参考本发明的优选实施例特别示出和描述了本发明,但是本领域技术人员将理解,在不脱离由所附权利要求限定本发明的精神和范围的情况下,可以做出形式和细节的各种改变。
Claims (11)
1.一种烯烃低聚方法,所述方法包括:
i)将烯烃单体和溶剂注入连续搅拌釜反应器中;
ii)将包含配体化合物、过渡金属化合物和助催化剂的低聚催化剂体系注入所述连续搅拌釜反应器中;以及
iii)进行所述烯烃单体的多聚反应,
其中,所述烯烃单体和所述溶剂的流速比为1.1:1至1.8:1,
其中,所述配体化合物包括由以下式1表示的二膦部分:
[式1]
在式1中,A为N、As或Sb,R1至R4各自独立地为具有1至20个碳原子的烃基、杂烃基或烃杂基,
其中,所述过渡金属化合物包括有机铬化合物,并且所述有机铬化合物包括选自乙酰丙酮铬(III)、三(四氢呋喃)三氯化铬、2-乙基己酸铬(III)、三(2,2,6,6-四甲基-3,5-庚二酮酸)铬(III)、苯甲酰丙酮铬(III)、六氟-2,4-戊二酮酸铬(III)和乙酸氢氧化铬(III)中的至少一种,
其中,所述助催化剂是选自由以下式4至6表示的化合物中的至少一种:
[式4]
-[Al(R5)-O]c-
在以上式4中,各个R5相同或不同,并且独立地为卤素基团、具有1至20个碳原子的烃基或卤素取代的具有1至20个碳原子的烃基,并且c为至少2的整数,
[式5]
D(R6)3
在以上式5中,
D为铝或硼,各个R6相同或不同,并且独立地为氢或卤素、具有1至20个碳原子的烃基或卤素取代的具有1至20个碳原子的烃基,
[式6]
[L-H]+[Q(E)4]-
在以上式6中,
L为中性路易斯碱,[L-H]+为布朗斯台德酸,Q是+3氧化态的硼或铝,并且各个E独立地为具有6至20个碳原子的芳基或具有1至20个碳原子的烷基,其中至少一个氢原子被卤素、具有1至20个碳原子的烃基、烷氧官能团或苯氧官能团所取代或未被取代。
2.如权利要求1所述的烯烃低聚方法,其中,烯烃在所述连续搅拌釜反应器中的多聚反应在30巴至150巴的压力下进行。
3.如权利要求1所述的烯烃低聚方法,其中,烯烃在所述连续搅拌釜反应器中的多聚反应在30℃至150℃的温度条件下进行。
4.如权利要求1所述的烯烃低聚方法,其中,在步骤ii)中注入的低聚催化剂体系的配体化合物的浓度为3μM至15μM。
5.如权利要求1所述的烯烃低聚方法,其中,相对于一当量的在所述过渡金属化合物中包含的过渡金属,用于在步骤ii)中注入的低聚催化剂体系的所述助催化剂的量为300当量至3,000当量。
6.如权利要求1所述的烯烃低聚方法,其中,步骤iii)的低聚产物和溶剂满足以下关系:以w/w计的产物/溶剂>1.0。
7.如权利要求1所述的烯烃低聚方法,其中,所述低聚催化剂体系通过包括以下步骤的方法制备:
通过混合所述配体化合物和所述过渡金属化合物制备催化剂组合物;以及
在-40℃至80℃的温度下混合所述助催化剂和所述催化剂组合物并活化。
8.如权利要求1所述的烯烃低聚方法,其中,所述配体化合物包括至少两个由以下式2表示的二膦部分,
连接所述至少两个二膦部分的连接基团为烃基,并且所述二膦部分之间最短距离的碳数为2-30:
[式2]
在式2中,A为N、As或Sb,R1至R4各自独立地为具有1至20个碳原子的烃基、杂烃基或烃杂基,*为连接至少两个二膦部分的连接基团。
9.如权利要求1所述的烯烃低聚方法,其中,所述配体化合物包括由以下式3表示的化合物:
[式3]
在式3中,
R1至R4各自独立地为具有1至20个碳原子的烃基、杂烃基或烃杂基,
R5为具有1至20个碳原子的烷基,
在R5为甲基的情况下,R6为具有2或3个碳原子的烷基、烯基、杂烷基、杂烯基或它们的杂基的直链基团;具有4至20个碳原子的烷基、烯基、芳基烷基、芳基烯基、杂烷基、杂烯基、杂芳基烷基、杂芳基烯基或它们的杂基;具有3至20个碳原子的环烷基、环烯基、芳基环烷基、芳基环烯基、杂环烷基、杂环烯基、杂芳基环烷基、杂芳基环烯基或它们的杂基;具有6至20个碳原子的芳基、杂芳基或它们的杂基;或具有7至20个碳原子的烷基芳基、杂烷基芳基或它们的杂基,
在R5为具有2至20个碳原子的烷基的情况下,R6为具有2至20个碳原子的烷基、烯基、芳基烷基、芳基烯基、杂烷基、杂烯基、杂芳基烷基、杂芳基烯基或它们的杂基;具有3至20个碳原子的环烷基、环烯基、芳基环烷基、芳基环烯基、杂环烷基、杂环烯基、杂芳基环烷基、杂芳基环烯基或它们的杂基;具有6至20个碳原子的芳基、杂芳基或它们的杂基;或具有7至20个碳原子的烷基芳基、杂烷基芳基或它们的杂基,并且
R7至R9各自独立地为氢;具有1至20个碳原子的烷基、烯基、芳基烷基或芳基烯基;具有3至20个碳原子的环烷基、环烯基、芳基环烷基或芳基环烯基;具有6至20个碳原子的芳基;或具有7至20个碳原子的烷基芳基,
其中,所述它们的杂基指的是官能化的连接点是杂原子的所述基团。
10.如权利要求9所述的烯烃低聚方法,其中,式3中的R7至R9为氢。
11.如权利要求1所述的烯烃低聚方法,其中,所述烯烃单体包括乙烯。
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