CN107234945A - 夹层玻璃 - Google Patents

夹层玻璃 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107234945A
CN107234945A CN201710188137.8A CN201710188137A CN107234945A CN 107234945 A CN107234945 A CN 107234945A CN 201710188137 A CN201710188137 A CN 201710188137A CN 107234945 A CN107234945 A CN 107234945A
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region
flat compressed
laminated glass
compressed region
flat
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CN107234945B (zh
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矢岛敏己
堀浩巳
依田和成
中野笃史
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AGC Inc
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Asahi Glass Co Ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60JWINDOWS, WINDSCREENS, NON-FIXED ROOFS, DOORS, OR SIMILAR DEVICES FOR VEHICLES; REMOVABLE EXTERNAL PROTECTIVE COVERINGS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES
    • B60J1/00Windows; Windscreens; Accessories therefor
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
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    • B32B17/06Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10082Properties of the bulk of a glass sheet
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    • B32B17/06Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10036Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
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    • B32B17/10082Properties of the bulk of a glass sheet
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    • B32B17/06Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/10788Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing ethylene vinylacetate
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
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    • B32B17/06Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10807Making laminated safety glass or glazing; Apparatus therefor
    • B32B17/10889Making laminated safety glass or glazing; Apparatus therefor shaping the sheets, e.g. by using a mould
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03CCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C3/00Glass compositions
    • C03C3/04Glass compositions containing silica
    • C03C3/076Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03CCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
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    • C03C3/04Glass compositions containing silica
    • C03C3/076Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight
    • C03C3/078Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing an oxide of a divalent metal, e.g. an oxide of zinc
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03CCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C3/00Glass compositions
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    • C03C3/083Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing aluminium oxide or an iron compound
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03CCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
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    • C03C3/085Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing aluminium oxide or an iron compound containing an oxide of a divalent metal
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03CCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C3/00Glass compositions
    • C03C3/04Glass compositions containing silica
    • C03C3/076Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight
    • C03C3/083Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing aluminium oxide or an iron compound
    • C03C3/085Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing aluminium oxide or an iron compound containing an oxide of a divalent metal
    • C03C3/087Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing aluminium oxide or an iron compound containing an oxide of a divalent metal containing calcium oxide, e.g. common sheet or container glass
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03CCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03CCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C3/00Glass compositions
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    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60JWINDOWS, WINDSCREENS, NON-FIXED ROOFS, DOORS, OR SIMILAR DEVICES FOR VEHICLES; REMOVABLE EXTERNAL PROTECTIVE COVERINGS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES
    • B60J1/00Windows; Windscreens; Accessories therefor
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60RVEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60RVEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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    • B60R2011/0003Arrangements for holding or mounting articles, not otherwise provided for characterised by position inside the vehicle
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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
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  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明提供搭载于车辆内的信息装置的信号所通过的透过区域中龟裂等不扩散的夹层玻璃。夹层玻璃1具备玻璃板,所述玻璃板具有在俯视时从外周缘到内面侧具有任意宽度的第1平面压缩区域70、与第1平面压缩区域70的内周侧相邻且具有任意宽度的第1平面拉伸区域71、占据第1平面拉伸区域71的内周侧的中性区域72、以及存在于比第1平面压缩区域70更靠近内周侧处的第2平面压缩区域60。透过区域50外产生的夹层玻璃1的裂纹、损伤、龟裂等虽然扩散,但是能够避开第2平面压缩区域60,从而能够防止由透过区域50处的龟裂等导致的信号的误操作。

Description

夹层玻璃
技术领域
本发明涉及用于车辆的前窗玻璃等的夹层玻璃。
背景技术
已知,将摄像机等信息装置搭载于车内,隔着夹层玻璃(例如车辆的前窗玻璃)发送和接收道路状况等信息信号(参照专利文献1)。
专利文献1中公开了夹层玻璃,其中,设置于前窗玻璃的上缘部的阴影部设置有监控摄像机用的观察窗,将与观察窗大致形状相同的透明合成树脂嵌入,用热风加热它们的嵌合边界部,使层叠在多块玻璃板之间的合成树脂软化并粘接,将边界部冷却来使合成树脂一体化,能够防止边界部产生气泡和透视失真等缺陷。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本专利特开2006-96331号公报
发明内容
发明所要解决的技术问题
专利文献1中公开了在夹层玻璃上设置监控摄像机用的观察窗、监控摄像机等信号装置所需的交通状况等信号(例如毫米波等)通过夹层玻璃。但是,例如由飞石等导致夹层玻璃的观察窗的区域内产生了裂纹、损伤和龟裂等的情况下,可能存在由该裂纹导致信号的错误识别等弊端,但是专利文献1中并未提出任何技术问题和解决方案。
本发明提供例如在搭载于车辆内的信息装置的信号所通过的透过区域等特定区域内防止龟裂等产生的夹层玻璃。
解决技术问题所采用的技术方案
鉴于以上背景,本发明提供一种夹层玻璃,所述夹层玻璃具备玻璃板,所述玻璃板具有
在俯视时从外周缘到面内侧具有任意宽度的第1平面压缩区域、
与所述第1平面压缩区域的内周侧相邻且具有任意宽度的第1平面拉伸区域、
占据比所述第1平面拉伸区域更靠近内周侧的位置的中性区域、
在俯视时存在于比所述第1平面压缩区域更靠近内周侧的位置的第2平面压缩区域。
发明效果
利用本发明,则能够提供例如在搭载于车辆内的信息装置的信号所通过的透过区域等特定区域内防止龟裂等产生的夹层玻璃。
附图说明
图1是表示本发明的夹层玻璃的用途的示意图。
图2(a)~(b)表示图1的夹层玻璃的一个示例,图2(a)是图1的X部分的放大截面图,图2(b)是(a)的Y部分放大截面图。
图3是表示本发明的夹层玻璃的透过区域、压缩区域和拉伸区域的黑色遮蔽膜凸部的示意图。
图4(a)~(f)表示本发明的夹层玻璃的变形例,图4(a)是第1变形例,图4(b)是第2变形例,图4(c)是第3变形例,图4(d)是第4变形例,图4(e)是第5变形例,图4(f)是第6变形例。
图5(a)~(b)是表示以本发明的夹层玻璃第1玻璃板为一例的玻璃的板厚方向上产生的压缩应力与拉伸应力的截面应力图,图5(a)是图3的E-E截面,图5(b)是图3的F-F截面。
图6是表示前窗玻璃的试验区域A、B、I的图。
具体实施方式
下面,参照附图,对本发明的夹层玻璃的一种具体实施方式进行说明。另外,以下说明中,将特定区域作为搭载于车辆内的信息装置的信号所通过的透过区域进行陈述,但是不局限于此。
图1是表示本实施方式的夹层玻璃的用途的示意图。图2(a)~(b)表示夹层玻璃的一个示例,图2(a)是图1的X部分的放大截面图,图2(b)是图2(a)的Y部分的放大截面图。使用图1~图2(b)对夹层玻璃的一个示例进行详细说明。
本实施方式中,夹层玻璃1是主要作为汽车等车辆100的前窗玻璃101而安装的玻璃。近年来,为了确保车辆的行驶安全,在车辆100内部搭载有信息装置102。信息装置102是使用摄像机和雷达等来防止与前方车辆、行人、障碍物等的追尾和冲撞以及向驾驶员告知危险的装置,例如有信息接收装置和/或信息发送装置等,使用毫米波雷达、立体摄影机、红外线激光等隔着夹层玻璃1进行信号的发送和接收。该“信号”是指包含毫米波、可见光、红外光等的电磁波。
夹层玻璃1具备第1玻璃板10、第2玻璃板20、介于第1玻璃板10和第2玻璃板20之间的中间层30。第1玻璃板10具备配置在中间层30的相反侧的第1主表面11和与中间层30相接的第2主表面12,第2玻璃板20具备与中间层30相接的第3主表面21和配置在中间层30的相反侧的第4主表面22。
作为本实施方式中所用的第1玻璃板10和第2玻璃板20的组成的一例,可例举以氧化物基准的摩尔%表示的组成为含有50~80%的SiO2、0~10%的B2O3、0.1~25%的Al2O3、3~30%的Li2O+Na2O+K2O、0~25%的MgO、0~25%的CaO、0~5%的SrO、0~5%的BaO、0~5%的ZrO2以及0~5%的SnO2的玻璃,但是不特别局限于此。
中间层30的组成可以是以往的车辆用夹层玻璃中通常使用的中间层,例如,可以使用聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)或乙烯乙烯醇(EVA)等。此外,也可以使用加热前为液状的热固化性树脂。即,中间层30在形成为夹层玻璃1的状态时为层状即可,第1玻璃板10和第2玻璃板20接合前的状态下中间层30也可为液态等。
夹层玻璃1的周缘区域中形成有可见光线遮蔽区域(以下也称作“黑色遮蔽膜40”),信息装置102附近形成有向夹层玻璃1的面内方向突出的凸部41。另外,黑色遮蔽膜40具有在第1玻璃板10的第2主表面12与中间层30相接区域中形成的第1黑色遮蔽膜42、在第2玻璃板20的第4主表面22形成的第2黑色遮蔽膜43。第1黑色遮蔽膜42与第2黑色遮蔽膜43分别设置有无黑色遮蔽膜的区域,作为信息装置102的信号所通过的透过区域50(参照图1中的虚线四边形)。
另外,透过区域50不局限于被可见光线遮蔽区域围住而形成的情况。透过区域是指设置有信息装置102时,信息装置102发送和接收信号所需要的区域。即,也可以是未被可见光线遮蔽区域围住的区域。另外,根据发送和接收的电波的种类也可位于可见光线遮蔽区域内。
另外,第1玻璃板10具有在俯视时从外周缘到内面侧具有任意宽度的第1平面压缩区域(参照后述图4(a)~(f)中的第1平面压缩区域70)、与第1平面压缩区域70的内周侧相邻且具有任意宽度的第1平面拉伸区域(参照后述图4(a)~(f)中的第1平面拉伸区域71)、占据第1平面拉伸区域的内周侧的中性区域(参照后述图4(a)~(f)中的中性区域72)。
第1平面压缩区域是形成边缘压缩(E/C)的周缘区域,其宽度为例如5mm~15mm左右。第1平面拉伸区域是形成内在张力(I/T)的区域,其宽度为例如20mm~50mm左右。另外,中性区域是平面应力实质上为0的区域。平面应力实质上为0是指,例如,随着从I/T的峰值位置向面内侧,逐渐接近0的平面应力在±1MPa以下、优选在±500kPa以下等平面应力的绝对值小的情况。
另外,第1玻璃板10具有在俯视时存在于比第1平面压缩区域更靠近内周侧的位置的第2平面压缩区域(参照后述图3、图4(a)~(f)中的第2平面压缩区域60)。
第1及第2平面压缩区域表示其区域内平面应力呈压缩状态的区域。本说明书中的“平面应力”是指在面方向上作用的应力沿板厚方向积分而得的应力。同样地,第1平面拉伸区域是平面应力呈现拉伸状态的区域。另外,本说明书中“平面应力为拉伸应力的区域”的术语包含第1平面拉伸区域,作为上位概念使用。另外,平面应力可通过使用了偏振板的光弹性测定装置进行测定。
通过在第1玻璃板10上形成这种第2平面压缩区域,能够防止特定区域内龟裂等的产生。
此处,本说明书中,认为“特定区域内龟裂的产生”是以下两种方式中的任一种情况。第一种方式是飞石等外力直接作用于特定区域内而产生龟裂。第2平面压缩区域的玻璃表面赋予了压缩应力,因此,第2平面压缩区域不易在表面产生损伤。因此,如果特定区域在第2平面压缩区域内,则能够抑制由第1种方式导致的龟裂的产生。
另外,第二种方式是飞石等外力作用于特定区域外而产生龟裂,该龟裂扩散而进入特定区域内。
通常,为了保护行人,需要使车辆的前窗玻璃所用的夹层玻璃1具有缓冲性,因而不实施风冷强化或化学强化。因此,例如在由飞石等导致夹层玻璃1上产生了裂纹(龟裂)S的情况下,该损伤有可能扩散(图1中用箭头示出了扩散方向)而到达透过区域50。如果例如水平的龟裂进入透过区域50,则信息装置102有可能将龟裂误识别为水平线,导致自动驾驶发生故障。通过在第1玻璃板10上形成这种第2平面压缩区域,也能够防止第二种方式导致的龟裂侵入特定区域。以下,使用图3进行详细描述。
图3中,特定区域为信息装置102的信号所通过的透过区域50。如图3所示,本实施方式的夹层玻璃1中,在透过区域50的周边设置第2平面压缩区域,防止了龟裂等扩散至透过区域50。
第2平面压缩区域60能够通过比周边更快的冷却速度来形成,例如,在夹层玻璃1弯曲成形后的冷却中,使特定区域与例如金属等的冷却构件接触(接触冷却)、接近冷却构件(辐射冷却)、或对其吹冷风(微风冷却)等。于是,第2平面压缩区域60的外周侧存在外侧第2平面拉伸区域61b。通过形成外侧第2平面拉伸区域61b,能够形成第2平面压缩区域60,特别是在第2平面压缩区域60内的外周侧中,在玻璃板的板厚的中心处压缩应力值容易达到0以上。
本实施方式中,在俯视夹层玻璃时,信息装置的信号的透过区域50存在于第2平面压缩区域60内,或存在于第2平面压缩区域60所围住的区域内,但是第2平面压缩区域60设置于第1玻璃板10或第2玻璃板20中的任一者即可。第1玻璃板10或第2玻璃板20中,特别优选位于车辆100的外侧的一方具有第2平面压缩区域60。
通过设置第2平面压缩区域60,例如在透过区域50外由飞石等导致夹层玻璃1产生了裂纹、损伤、龟裂等的情况下,该龟裂等沿着箭头P扩散、沿着箭头Q绕开第2平面压缩区域60的外周,防止了龟裂等扩散到达透过区域50。为了使龟裂平滑地绕开,第2平面压缩区域60的外形优选包括图3所示的圆弧形状。
本实施方式中,第2平面压缩区域60为圆环形状。另外,第2平面压缩区域60的内周侧还具备内侧第2平面拉伸区域61a。藉此,对应于第2平面压缩区域60的平面应力而产生的应力不会集中在外侧第2平面拉伸区域61b,能够分散。另外,透过区域50优选形成于比内侧第2平面拉伸区域61a更靠内周侧的位置。透过区域50内变得不易产生透视失真。另外,透过区域50内如果存在透视失真,则可能发生信息装置难以识别信息等不良状况。即,本实施方式中,内侧第2平面拉伸区域61a与外侧第2平面拉伸区域61b成对形成第2平面拉伸区域61。此处,第2平面拉伸区域61是包含在“平面应力为拉伸应力的区域”中的区域,可存在于比第1平面拉伸区域更靠近内周侧的位置。另外,第2平面拉伸区域的一部分可与第1平面拉伸区域重叠。
另外,第2平面压缩区域60为圆环形状,第2平面压缩区域60的内周侧也可不是内侧第2平面拉伸区域61,而是中性区域。存在于第2平面压缩区域60的内周侧的透过区域50难以发生透视失真。
第2平面压缩区域60可选择俯视时不具有中央的内侧的内侧第2平面拉伸区域61a的非中空的圆形形状、具有内侧第2平面拉伸区域61a的圆环形状、椭圆形状等各种形状。
图4(a)~(f)示出前窗玻璃101的各种变形例。本图中省略黑色遮蔽膜40的图示,但是示出了图3中未示出的第1平面压缩区域70、第1平面拉伸区域71、中性区域72。第1平面压缩区域70是以俯视前窗玻璃101时从外周缘到面内侧具有任意宽度的方式形成的周缘区域,通过边缘压缩(E/C)产生压缩应力。第1平面拉伸区域71是俯视前窗玻璃101时形成于第1平面压缩区域70与中性区域72中间的中间区域,通过内在张力(I/T)产生拉伸应力。中性区域72是俯视前窗玻璃101时形成于比第1平面压缩区域70和第1平面拉伸区域71更靠面内侧的面内区域,实质上未产生压缩应力和拉伸应力。
图4(a)的第1变形例中,第2平面压缩区域60、外侧第2平面拉伸区域61b分别与第1平面压缩区域70、第1平面拉伸区域71一体形成,且外形为圆弧形状。图4(b)的第2变形例中,第2平面压缩区域60与第1平面压缩区域70独立地在俯视时形成非中空的圆形形状,外侧第2平面拉伸区域61b与第1平面拉伸区域71一体形成,且外形为圆弧形状。图4(c)的第3变形例中,第2平面压缩区域60、外侧第2平面拉伸区域61b分别与第1平面压缩区域70、第1平面拉伸区域71独立地形成,第2平面压缩区域60在俯视时形成为非中空的圆形形状的同时与第1平面压缩区域70分离。
图4(d)的第4变形例中,第2平面压缩区域60与第1平面压缩区域70一体形成,且外形为圆弧形状。外侧第2平面拉伸区域61b成为第1平面拉伸区域71的一部分,从外部观察时与第1平面拉伸区域71没有区别。图4(e)的第5变形例中,第2平面压缩区域60、外侧第2平面拉伸区域61b分别与第1平面压缩区域70、第1平面拉伸区域71独立地形成,且第2平面压缩区域60的内部形成有内侧第2平面拉伸区域61a,基本与图3的实施方式相同。图4(f)的第6变形例中,第2平面压缩区域60、外侧第2平面拉伸区域61b分别与第1平面压缩区域70、第1平面拉伸区域71独立地形成,且第2平面压缩区域60的内部形成有中性区域72。
另外,第2平面压缩区域60与透过区域50的大小的关系期望是,第2平面压缩区域60的最小径为C、透过区域50的最大径为D时,透过区域50等于第2平面压缩区域60、或第2平面压缩区域60大于透过区域50的C≧D的关系。藉此,能够进一步防止透过区域50上产生龟裂。另外,也可以是2D>C的关系。即,优选第2平面压缩区域60不要过大,第2平面压缩区域60与透过区域50之间虽然存在视觉偏差,如果该偏差小则不明显,容易通过黑色遮蔽膜40遮住偏差。此处,如果是圆形,则C、D表示直径长度,如果是四边形状,则表示长边方向的长度。
另外,第2平面压缩区域60为非中空的情况下,透过区域50优选存在于第2平面压缩区域60的中央区域。第2平面压缩区域60和外侧第2平面拉伸区域61b的边界区域(即,第2平面压缩区域60内的外周侧)的平面应力发生压缩·拉伸转换,因此平面应力的变化斜率陡急,容易发生透视失真。因此,通过使透过区域50存在于第2平面压缩区域60的中央区域,能够防止透过区域50内透视失真的产生。
图5(a)~(b)是示出了以夹层玻璃1的第1玻璃板10为一个示例的玻璃的板厚方向产生的压缩应力与拉伸应力的截面应力图。曲线为板厚方向的残留应力的图形曲线。
第2平面压缩区域60中,玻璃板的板厚中心处优选存在压缩应力值在0以上的部分。即,从第1玻璃板10的第1主表面11向第2主表面12残留有压缩应力,第1玻璃板10的板厚中心附近的压缩应力的最小值在0以上(参照图3E-E截面以及图5(a))。藉此,将要从外部侵入第2平面压缩区域60内的龟裂的扩散得到制止,容易转向第2平面压缩区域60的外侧。为了产生压缩应力,通过温度差的调整和周围的温度环境的调整可能在制造工序中实现透过区域50的周围的快速冷却。另外,不局限于最小值在0以上,也可以是不损害本实施方式的效果的程度的轻微的拉伸。此外,第2平面压缩区域60中,玻璃板的板厚中心处优选压缩应力值在10MPa以下。
另外,第2平面压缩区域60内的平面压缩应力的平均值优选在15MPa以下。藉此,将要从外部侵入第2平面压缩区域60内的龟裂的扩散得到制止,容易转向第2平面压缩区域60的外侧。如果使表面显著冷却、玻璃表面与板厚方向内部的温度差过大,则图形曲线的斜率变陡,拉伸应力容易变大,结果导致龟裂等可能进入。另外,第2平面压缩区域60内的平面压缩应力的平均值优选在3MPa以上。更优选在5MPa以上,进一步优选在8MPa以上。
于是,外侧第2平面拉伸区域61b中,如图5(b)所示,第1玻璃板10的板厚中心残留有拉伸应力,图形曲线的积分值中拉伸应力值也大于压缩应力值。第2平面拉伸区域61(内侧第2平面拉伸区域61a以及外侧第2平面拉伸区域61b)中,作为第1玻璃板10的表面的第1主表面11或第2主表面12处为“压缩应力”,玻璃板厚中心处为“拉伸应力”。
图5(a)~(b)的说明中,针对第1玻璃板10进行了说明,但是也可以是第2玻璃板20,在安装于车辆100的前窗玻璃101时,位于车辆100的外侧的玻璃板适合作为本实施方式的对象。
图6是表示前窗玻璃的试验区域A、B、I的图,示出了与JIS R3212:2008的附录规定的试验区域的关系。
俯视时,JIS R3212:2008规定的试验区域A的面积的主要部分优选为中性区域。通过使前窗玻璃101中对驾驶员的目视观察最重要的试验区域A的面积的主要部分的平面应力实质上为0,能够防止试验区域A内存在透视失真。
另外,本实施方式的第2平面压缩区域60优选形成于试验区域A的上端部,不形成于试验区域A的高度方向的一半的下侧。藉此,能够在防止驾驶员的目视观察区域存在视觉偏差的同时形成第2平面压缩区域60。
此外,本实施方式的第2平面压缩区域60优选存在于比试验区域A更靠外周侧的位置。藉此,能够防止试验区域A内存在透视失真。
本实施方式中,出于装饰性和遮蔽配置于前窗玻璃101附近的信息装置102的目的,说明了设置黑色遮蔽膜40的示例,但是也可不设置黑色遮蔽膜40。
另外,玻璃板较好是在俯视时具备可见光线遮蔽区域,平面应力为拉伸应力的区域(本实施方式则为外侧第2平面拉伸区域61b)和第2平面压缩区域60内的外周侧较好是在俯视时存在于可见光线遮蔽区域内。特别地,第2平面压缩区域60和外侧第2平面拉伸区域61b的边界区域(即,第2平面压缩区域60内的外周侧)的平面应力发生压缩·拉伸转换,因此平面应力的变化斜率陡急,容易发生透视失真,使得难以对其进行目视观察。
作为本实施方式的使用的一例,针对车辆100的前窗玻璃101进行了上述说明,但是也可以是后窗玻璃,如果为后窗玻璃,则是使用于实现车辆100的后部的状态确认和安全后退动作的摄像机和雷达等信息装置102的信号通过的夹层玻璃1。
另外,本发明不限于上述实施方式,可进行适度的改变和改良等。另外,上述实施方式的各构成要素的材质、形状、尺寸、数值、形态、数量、配置位置等只要能实现本发明的技术思想,则可为任意形式,不受限制。
产业上利用的可能性
本发明的夹层玻璃适用于可防止信息装置的信号能够通过的透过区域产生龟裂等的车辆的夹层玻璃。
虽然对本发明进行了详细说明或参照特定实施方式对本发明进行了说明,但是对本领域技术人员显而易见的是,在不脱离本发明的思想和范围的情况下可进行各种变更和修改。
本申请基于2016年3月28日提交的日本专利申请2016-064500,将其内容作为参照纳入本文。
符号说明
1 夹层玻璃
10 第1玻璃板
11 第1主表面
12 第2主表面
20 第2玻璃板
21 第3主表面
22 第4主表面
30 中间层
40 黑色遮蔽膜(可见光线遮蔽区域)
41 凸部
50 透过区域
60 第2平面压缩区域
61 第2平面拉伸区域
61a 内侧第2平面拉伸区域
61b 外侧第2平面拉伸区域
70 第1平面压缩区域
71 第1平面拉伸区域
72 中性区域

Claims (14)

1.夹层玻璃,其特征在于,具备玻璃板,所述玻璃板具有在俯视时从外周缘到面内侧具有任意宽度的第1平面压缩区域、
与所述第1平面压缩区域的内周侧相邻且具有任意宽度的第1平面拉伸区域、
占据比所述第1平面拉伸区域更靠近内周侧的位置的中性区域、
在俯视时存在于比所述第1平面压缩区域更靠近内周侧的位置的第2平面压缩区域。
2.如权利要求1所述的夹层玻璃,其特征在于,在比所述第2平面压缩区域更靠近外周侧的位置存在平面应力为拉伸应力的区域。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的夹层玻璃,其特征在于,在俯视时,JIS R3212:2008所规定的试验区域A的面积的主要部分为所述中性区域。
4.如权利要求1~3中任一项所述的夹层玻璃,其特征在于,所述第2平面压缩区域内的平面压缩应力的平均值在15MPa以下。
5.如权利要求1~4中任一项所述的夹层玻璃,其特征在于,在所述第2平面压缩区域中,
所述玻璃板的板厚的中心处存在压缩应力值在0以上的部分。
6.如权利要求1~5中任一项所述的夹层玻璃,其特征在于,所述第2平面压缩区域的外形包括圆弧形状。
7.如权利要求1~6中任一项所述的夹层玻璃,其特征在于,所述第2平面压缩区域与所述第1平面压缩区域分离。
8.如权利要求1~7中任一项所述的夹层玻璃,其特征在于,所述第2平面压缩区域在俯视时为圆形形状。
9.如权利要求1~8中任一项所述的夹层玻璃,其特征在于,所述第2平面压缩区域在俯视时为环形形状。
10.如权利要求1~9中任一项所述的夹层玻璃,其特征在于,所述玻璃板在俯视时具备可见光线遮蔽区域,
平面应力为拉伸应力的区域和所述第2平面压缩区域内的外周侧在俯视时存在于所述可见光线遮蔽区域内。
11.如权利要求1~10中任一项所述的夹层玻璃,其特征在于,所述第2平面压缩区域内、或所述第2平面压缩区域所围住的区域内存在信息装置的信号的透过区域。
12.如权利要求11所述的夹层玻璃,其特征在于,所述第2平面压缩区域的最小径为C、所述透过区域的最大径为D时,C≧D。
13.如权利要求12所述的夹层玻璃,其特征在于,2D>C。
14.如权利要求11~13中任一项所述的夹层玻璃,其特征在于,所述透过区域存在于所述第2平面压缩区域的中央区域。
CN201710188137.8A 2016-03-28 2017-03-27 夹层玻璃 Expired - Fee Related CN107234945B (zh)

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