CN107231935A - A kind of high yield, disease-resistant potato culture method - Google Patents
A kind of high yield, disease-resistant potato culture method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107231935A CN107231935A CN201710611606.2A CN201710611606A CN107231935A CN 107231935 A CN107231935 A CN 107231935A CN 201710611606 A CN201710611606 A CN 201710611606A CN 107231935 A CN107231935 A CN 107231935A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
- C05G5/12—Granules or flakes
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of high yield, disease-resistant potato culture method, is related to technical field of vegetable cultivation, high yield, disease-resistant potato culture method comprise the following steps：(1) variety selection；(2) potato seed storage is with selecting；(3) kind is cut；(4) vernalization is sterilized；(5) potato wedge is dried；(6) selection of land site preparation；(7) sow；(8) field management；(9) harvest.The problem of potato that the present invention solves the cultivation method of existing potato has the high incidence of disease, poor quality and yielded poorly.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of vegetable cultivation, and in particular to a kind of high yield, disease-resistant potato culture method.
Background technology
The plantation history of potato is more long, but the potato yield for planting out with traditional planting technology is averagely every
Mu in 3000kg or so, the potato planted in addition with existing implantation methods has that pest and disease damage is more, quality not, cause
Potato yield is difficult to obtain new breakthrough, further, since potato seed, chemical fertilizer, agricultural chemicals input it is larger, not only economic benefit is low, and
And also make soil deterioration, destroyed ecological environment.
Therefore, the potato of the cultivation method of existing potato has the incidence of disease high, a poor quality and yielded poorly
The problem of in the urgent need to address in problem, the cultivation as current potato.
The content of the invention
In order to which the potato for the cultivation method for solving existing potato has the high incidence of disease, poor quality and yields poorly
The problem of, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of high yield, disease-resistant potato culture method, pass through the high yield, disease-resistant Ma Ling
The potato of potato cultivation method has the advantages that strong disease resistance, quality better and yield are high.
The invention provides following technical scheme：
A kind of high yield, disease-resistant potato culture method, comprise the following steps：
(1) variety selection：Selection should select that good quality and high output, disease resistance are strong, commodity is good, kind without broken skin and without insect bite
Potato；
(2) potato seed storage is with selecting：The gunnysack that will be equipped with potato seed is opened, by potato seed shady and cool, dry, ventilation disposed within
Uniformly spread out, choose except sick rotten potato seed；
(3) kind is cut：Basked seeds and cut within 1 day before planting kind, cutting knife with 5% Lysol water sterilization, ventilation, it is shady and cool,
Potato seed is erected under the conditions of dry, without sunlight exposure environment and cut, it is ensured that each healthy and strong eye of stripping and slicing at least 1-2, each stripping and slicing
Weight 25-30g；
(4) vernalization is sterilized：By potato seed per ton 58% metalaxyl-mn-zn 0.5kg-0.6kg, 50% carbendazim 1kg-1.2kg
With land plaster 50kg-60kg seed dressings；
(5) potato wedge is dried：The moisture of potato wedge is dried in 10-12h；
(6) selection of land site preparation：The soil is porous for selection, good permeability, soil layer is deep, irrigation and drainage are good, physical features is flat and organic matter
Abundant soil, every mu applies the organic fertilizer 3200-3500kg become thoroughly decomposed, ploughs deeply and rakes, and deep plough 20-25cm, then every mu applies soil
Earth modifying agent 35-40kg is shallow to plough under soil；
The soil conditioner includes the raw material of following parts by weight：
3-5 parts of zeolite powder, 4-6 parts of ferrous sulfate, 16-20 parts of medical stone powder, 4-6 parts of methyl methacrylate, vitamin C
3-5 parts, 3-5 parts of turf, 2-4 parts of borax, 3-7 parts of corn stalk powder, 1-2 parts of sodium tripolyphosphate, 0.1-0.3 parts of astragalus polyose,
3-5 parts of attapulgite, 4-8 parts of potassium breeze, 6-10 parts of rice bran, 5-7 parts of biotitite, 3-9 parts of beet, 5-21 parts of peameal, rice
10-20 parts of 3-13 parts of shell powder and water；
The soil conditioner preparation method comprises the following steps：Raw material is weighed according to the parts by weight of soil conditioner,
Sodium tripolyphosphate and water are mixed, zeolite powder and medical stone powder is added, 72-75 DEG C is heated to, continue stirring mix to
Water is done, and adds other raw materials in addition to astragalus polyose, and 4-5h is stacked in mixing at room temperature, adds astragalus polyose, stirs,
Drying, granulation, produce soil conditioner；
(7) sow：Make high 15-20cm high ridge by 1-1.5m row spacings, 2-3 rows, spacing in the rows 15-20cm, during sowing are planted per ridge
Between March early and middle ten dayses, every mu plant 5600-6800 plant, eye upward angle modulation program request during sowing, after finishing immediately earth up make ridge, ridge face
Wide 50-55cm, the high 15-20cm in ridge, disposable earthing is not less than 10-12cm, and the soil block on the face of ridge is harrowed into thin with rake, spray second grass
Amine or other herbicides prevent weed growth, then cover mulch film, with wide 1 ridge of the covering with ground sheeting faces of 80-90cm, and use wet soil
Cover tightly fenestra；
(8) field management：Rupture of membranes puts seedling, topdressing and watering, changes control；
(9) harvest：In most of cauline leaf from green to yellow, then reach withered and yellow, underground stem tuber is to reach physiological maturity state,
Recovery process is carried out, the harvesting selection fine day morning is carried out, and used tool will clean, hygienic, pollution-free.
Preferably, the organic fertilizer in step (6) the selection of land site preparation includes containing what is enriched in poultry manure, poultry manure
A variety of minerals and the trace elements such as calcium, magnesium, sulphur needed for organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and tomato growth, these nutrient energy
The need for enough meeting during potato growth to a variety of nutrients.
Preferably, the poultry manure is one or more kinds of mixtures, these poultry-dungs in chicken manure, pig manure and cow dung
Just collect simply and conveniently, and cost is low.
Preferably, field examination is carried out before when rupture of membranes puts seedling for seedling stage every morning 8 in step (8) field management,
Timely rupture of membranes, to prevent from scalding seedling；If table soil is dried, it should water in time, in case influence is emerged.
Preferably, topdressing and watering is fore-and-aft observing soil of emerging in step (8) field management, and humidity deficit is mended in time
Water, 9-10d Nitrogen Top Dressings after emerging promote seedling tiller, every mu is applied carbon ammonium 60-80kg, is seed deeplyed and cover shallowly and is given birth to after watering with seedling
Long to carry out cultivation and banking, whole growth course is unable to water shortage, notes overflowing 5-7d before ridge top, harvest when watering and stops pouring
Water, it is ensured that potato nutrient and moisture supply during growth is sufficient.
Preferably, it is, in squaring period, bud to be extractd in time, to excessive growth trend to change control in step (8) field management
Field, every mu with 12-15% paclobutrazol 20-25g, is watered 45-50kg sprayings, Spindling control.
Preferably, mixing sodium tripolyphosphate and water during step (6) the selection of land site preparation is using double
Horizontal shaft blender is stirred, and dual horizontal shaft type mixer has reasonable in design, balance good, easy to maintenance and efficiency high excellent
Point.
Preferably, drying is dries using Double-barrel drying machine during step (6) the selection of land site preparation, Double-barrel drying machine
There is high, the energy-efficient thermal efficiency, compact conformation, insulation and material more fully advantage is exchanged with heat smoke for drying.
Preferably, granulation is granulates using flat-die Squeezinggranulator during step (6) the selection of land site preparation, and flat-die is squeezed
Pressing the mach granular material of granulation to have, any surface finish, hardness are moderate, balling ratio is high, without returning charge, granule strength height, rounding
The characteristics of uniform balling-up moisture is low.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
1st, the potato cultivated by high yield of the present invention, disease-resistant potato culture method has that disease resistance is strong, yield is high
With the advantage of quality better.
2nd, the organic fertilizer in heretofore described step (6) selection of land site preparation is included in poultry manure, poultry manure containing rich
A variety of minerals and the trace elements such as calcium, magnesium, sulphur needed for rich organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and tomato growth, these nutrition member
The need for element disclosure satisfy that during potato growth to a variety of nutrients.
3rd, heretofore described poultry manure is one or more kinds of mixtures, these families in chicken manure, pig manure and cow dung
Poultry manure is collected simply and conveniently, and cost is low.
4th, field inspection is carried out before when rupture of membranes puts seedling for seedling stage every morning 8 in heretofore described step (8) field management
Look into, timely rupture of membranes, to prevent from scalding seedling；If table soil is dried, it should water in time, in case influence is emerged.
5th, in heretofore described step (8) field management topdressing and watering to emerge fore-and-aft observing soil, humidity deficit and
When moisturizing, 9-10d Nitrogen Top Dressings after emerging, promote seedling tiller, every mu is applied carbon ammonium 60-80kg, after seed deeplying and cover shallowlying and watering with
Seedling growth carries out cultivation and banking, and whole growth course is unable to water shortage, notes overflowing 5-7d before ridge top, harvest when watering and stops
Water, it is ensured that potato nutrient and moisture supply during growth is sufficient.
6th, it is, in squaring period, bud to be extractd in time, excessive growth is become to change control in heretofore described step (8) field management
The field of gesture, every mu, with 12-15% paclobutrazol 20-25g, is watered 45-50kg sprayings, Spindling control.
7th, sodium tripolyphosphate and water are mixed to use during heretofore described step (6) selection of land site preparation
Twin-shaft mixer is stirred, and dual horizontal shaft type mixer has reasonable in design, balance good, easy to maintenance and efficiency high excellent
Point.
8th, drying is dries using Double-barrel drying machine during heretofore described step (6) selection of land site preparation, and the bitubular is dried
There is high, the energy-efficient thermal efficiency, compact conformation, insulation and material to exchange more fully excellent with heat smoke for dry machine drying
Point.
9th, granulation, to be granulated using flat-die Squeezinggranulator, is put down during heretofore described step (6) selection of land site preparation
The granular material of mould extruder grain machining has that any surface finish, hardness are moderate, balling ratio is high, without returning charge, granule strength it is high,
The characteristics of uniform balling-up moisture of rounding is low.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
A kind of high yield, disease-resistant potato culture method, comprise the following steps：
(1) variety selection：Selection should select that good quality and high output, disease resistance are strong, commodity is good, kind without broken skin and without insect bite
Potato；
(2) potato seed storage is with selecting：The gunnysack that will be equipped with potato seed is opened, by potato seed shady and cool, dry, ventilation disposed within
Uniformly spread out, choose except sick rotten potato seed；
(3) kind is cut：Basked seeds and cut within 1 day before planting kind, cutting knife with 5% Lysol water sterilization, ventilation, it is shady and cool,
Potato seed is erected under the conditions of dry, without sunlight exposure environment and cut, it is ensured that each healthy and strong eye of stripping and slicing at least 1-2, each stripping and slicing
Weight 25-30g；
(4) vernalization is sterilized：By potato seed per ton 58% metalaxyl-mn-zn 0.5kg-0.6kg, 50% carbendazim 1kg-1.2kg
With land plaster 50kg-60kg seed dressings；
(5) potato wedge is dried：The moisture of potato wedge is dried in 10-12h；
(6) selection of land site preparation：The soil is porous for selection, good permeability, soil layer is deep, irrigation and drainage are good, physical features is flat and organic matter
Abundant soil, every mu applies the organic fertilizer 3200-3500kg become thoroughly decomposed, ploughs deeply and rakes, and deep plough 20-25cm, then every mu applies soil
Earth modifying agent 35-40kg is shallow to plough under soil；
Soil conditioner includes the raw material of following parts by weight：
3-5 parts of zeolite powder, 4-6 parts of ferrous sulfate, 16-20 parts of medical stone powder, 5 parts of methyl methacrylate, vitamin C 4
Part, 4 parts of turf, 3 parts of borax, 5 parts of corn stalk powder, 1.5 parts of sodium tripolyphosphate, 0.2 part of astragalus polyose, 4 parts of attapulgite, potassium
15 parts of 6 parts of miberal powder, 8 parts of rice bran, 6 parts of biotitite, 6 parts of beet, 13 parts of peameal, 8 parts of powdered rice hulls and water；
Soil conditioner preparation method comprises the following steps：Raw material is weighed according to the parts by weight of soil conditioner, by three
Polyphosphate sodium and water are mixed, and add zeolite powder and medical stone powder, are heated to 72-75 DEG C, are continued stirring and are mixed dry to water,
Other raw materials in addition to astragalus polyose are added, 4-5h is stacked in mixing at room temperature, adds astragalus polyose, stirs, drying,
Granulation, produces soil conditioner；
(7) sow：Make high 15-20cm high ridge by 1-1.5m row spacings, 2-3 rows, spacing in the rows 15-20cm, during sowing are planted per ridge
Between March early and middle ten dayses, every mu plant 5600-6800 plant, eye upward angle modulation program request during sowing, after finishing immediately earth up make ridge, ridge face
Wide 50-55cm, the high 15-20cm in ridge, disposable earthing is not less than 10-12cm, and the soil block on the face of ridge is harrowed into thin with rake, spray second grass
Amine or other herbicides prevent weed growth, then cover mulch film, with wide 1 ridge of the covering with ground sheeting faces of 80-90cm, and use wet soil
Cover tightly fenestra；
(8) field management：Rupture of membranes puts seedling, topdressing and watering, changes control；
(9) harvest：In most of cauline leaf from green to yellow, then reach withered and yellow, underground stem tuber is to reach physiological maturity state,
Recovery process is carried out, the harvesting selection fine day morning is carried out, and used tool will clean, hygienic, pollution-free.
Organic fertilizer in step (6) selection of land site preparation include in poultry manure, poultry manure containing abundant organic matter, nitrogen,
A variety of minerals and the trace elements such as calcium, magnesium, sulphur needed for phosphorus, potassium and tomato growth, these nutrients disclosure satisfy that Ma Ling
In potato growth course to a variety of nutrients the need for.
Poultry manure is chicken manure, pig manure and the mixture of cow dung, and these poultry manures are collected simply and conveniently, and cost
It is low.
Field examination is carried out before when rupture of membranes puts seedling for seedling stage every morning 8 in step (8) field management, timely rupture of membranes, with
Prevent from scalding seedling；If table soil is dried, it should water in time, in case influence is emerged.
Topdressing and watering is emerge fore-and-aft observing soil, the timely moisturizing of humidity deficit, 9- after emerging in step (8) field management
10d Nitrogen Top Dressings, promote seedling tiller, every mu is applied carbon ammonium 60-80kg, and intertillage training is carried out with seedling growth after seed deeplying and cover shallowlying and watering
Soil, whole growth course is unable to water shortage, notes overflowing 5-7d before ridge top, harvest when watering and stops watering, it is ensured that potato
Nutrient and moisture supply are sufficient during growth.
It is, in squaring period, bud to be extractd in time, to the field of excessive growth trend, every mu to change control in step (8) field management
With 12-15% paclobutrazol 20-25g, 45-50kg sprayings, Spindling control are watered.
Sodium tripolyphosphate and water are mixed to stir using twin-shaft mixer during step (6) selection of land site preparation
Mix, dual horizontal shaft type mixer has the advantages that reasonable in design, balance be good, easy to maintenance and efficiency high.
Drying is dries using Double-barrel drying machine during step (6) selection of land site preparation, and Double-barrel drying machine drying has heat
Efficiency high, energy-efficient, compact conformation, insulation and material exchange more fully advantage with heat smoke.
Granulation is granulates using flat-die Squeezinggranulator during step (6) selection of land site preparation, and flat-die Squeezinggranulator adds
The granular material of work has that any surface finish, hardness are moderate, balling ratio is high, without returning charge, granule strength be high, the uniform balling-up of rounding
The characteristics of moisture is low.
Embodiment 2
A kind of high yield, disease-resistant potato culture method, comprise the following steps：
(1) variety selection：Selection should select that good quality and high output, disease resistance are strong, commodity is good, kind without broken skin and without insect bite
Potato；
(2) potato seed storage is with selecting：The gunnysack that will be equipped with potato seed is opened, by potato seed shady and cool, dry, ventilation disposed within
Uniformly spread out, choose except sick rotten potato seed；
(3) kind is cut：Basked seeds and cut within 1 day before planting kind, cutting knife with 5% Lysol water sterilization, ventilation, it is shady and cool,
Potato seed is erected under the conditions of dry, without sunlight exposure environment and cut, it is ensured that each healthy and strong eye of stripping and slicing at least 1-2, each stripping and slicing
Weight 25-30g；
(4) vernalization is sterilized：By potato seed per ton 58% metalaxyl-mn-zn 0.5kg-0.6kg, 50% carbendazim 1kg-1.2kg
With land plaster 50kg-60kg seed dressings；
(5) potato wedge is dried：The moisture of potato wedge is dried in 10-12h；
(6) selection of land site preparation：The soil is porous for selection, good permeability, soil layer is deep, irrigation and drainage are good, physical features is flat and organic matter
Abundant soil, every mu applies the organic fertilizer 3200-3500kg become thoroughly decomposed, ploughs deeply and rakes, and deep plough 20-25cm, then every mu applies soil
Earth modifying agent 35-40kg is shallow to plough under soil；
Soil conditioner includes the raw material of following parts by weight：
3-5 parts of zeolite powder, 4-6 parts of ferrous sulfate, 16-20 parts of medical stone powder, 4-6 parts of methyl methacrylate, vitamin C
3-5 parts, 3-5 parts of turf, 2-4 parts of borax, 3-7 parts of corn stalk powder, 1-2 parts of sodium tripolyphosphate, 0.1-0.3 parts of astragalus polyose,
3-5 parts of attapulgite, 4-8 parts of potassium breeze, 6-10 parts of rice bran, 5-7 parts of biotitite, 3-9 parts of beet, 5-21 parts of peameal, rice
10-20 parts of 3-13 parts of shell powder and water；
Soil conditioner preparation method comprises the following steps：Raw material is weighed according to the parts by weight of soil conditioner, by three
Polyphosphate sodium and water are mixed, and add zeolite powder and medical stone powder, are heated to 72-75 DEG C, are continued stirring and are mixed dry to water,
Other raw materials in addition to astragalus polyose are added, 4-5h is stacked in mixing at room temperature, adds astragalus polyose, stirs, drying,
Granulation, produces soil conditioner；
(7) sow：Make high 15-20cm high ridge by 1-1.5m row spacings, 2-3 rows, spacing in the rows 15-20cm, during sowing are planted per ridge
Between March early and middle ten dayses, every mu plant 5600-6800 plant, eye upward angle modulation program request during sowing, after finishing immediately earth up make ridge, ridge face
Wide 50-55cm, the high 15-20cm in ridge, disposable earthing is not less than 10-12cm, and the soil block on the face of ridge is harrowed into thin with rake, spray second grass
Amine or other herbicides prevent weed growth, then cover mulch film, with wide 1 ridge of the covering with ground sheeting faces of 80-90cm, and use wet soil
Cover tightly fenestra；
(8) field management：Rupture of membranes puts seedling, topdressing and watering, changes control；
(9) harvest：In most of cauline leaf from green to yellow, then reach withered and yellow, underground stem tuber is to reach physiological maturity state,
Recovery process is carried out, the harvesting selection fine day morning is carried out, and used tool will clean, hygienic, pollution-free.
Organic fertilizer in step (6) selection of land site preparation include in poultry manure, poultry manure containing abundant organic matter, nitrogen,
A variety of minerals and the trace elements such as calcium, magnesium, sulphur needed for phosphorus, potassium and tomato growth, these nutrients disclosure satisfy that Ma Ling
In potato growth course to a variety of nutrients the need for.
Poultry manure is chicken manure, pig manure and the mixture of cow dung, and these poultry manures are collected simply and conveniently, and cost
It is low.
Field examination is carried out before when rupture of membranes puts seedling for seedling stage every morning 8 in step (8) field management, timely rupture of membranes, with
Prevent from scalding seedling；If table soil is dried, it should water in time, in case influence is emerged.
Topdressing and watering is emerge fore-and-aft observing soil, the timely moisturizing of humidity deficit, 9- after emerging in step (8) field management
10d Nitrogen Top Dressings, promote seedling tiller, every mu is applied carbon ammonium 60-80kg, and intertillage training is carried out with seedling growth after seed deeplying and cover shallowlying and watering
Soil, whole growth course is unable to water shortage, notes overflowing 5-7d before ridge top, harvest when watering and stops watering, it is ensured that potato
Nutrient and moisture supply are sufficient during growth.
It is, in squaring period, bud to be extractd in time, to the field of excessive growth trend, every mu to change control in step (8) field management
With 12-15% paclobutrazol 20-25g, 45-50kg sprayings, Spindling control are watered.
Sodium tripolyphosphate and water are mixed to stir using twin-shaft mixer during step (6) selection of land site preparation
Mix, dual horizontal shaft type mixer has the advantages that reasonable in design, balance be good, easy to maintenance and efficiency high.
Drying is dries using Double-barrel drying machine during step (6) selection of land site preparation, and Double-barrel drying machine drying has heat
Efficiency high, energy-efficient, compact conformation, insulation and material exchange more fully advantage with heat smoke.
Granulation is granulates using flat-die Squeezinggranulator during step (6) selection of land site preparation, and flat-die Squeezinggranulator adds
The granular material of work has that any surface finish, hardness are moderate, balling ratio is high, without returning charge, granule strength be high, the uniform balling-up of rounding
The characteristics of moisture is low.
Embodiment 3
A kind of high yield, disease-resistant potato culture method, comprise the following steps：
(1) variety selection：Selection should select that good quality and high output, disease resistance are strong, commodity is good, kind without broken skin and without insect bite
Potato；
(2) potato seed storage is with selecting：The gunnysack that will be equipped with potato seed is opened, by potato seed shady and cool, dry, ventilation disposed within
Uniformly spread out, choose except sick rotten potato seed；
(3) kind is cut：Basked seeds and cut within 1 day before planting kind, cutting knife with 5% Lysol water sterilization, ventilation, it is shady and cool,
Potato seed is erected under the conditions of dry, without sunlight exposure environment and cut, it is ensured that each healthy and strong eye of stripping and slicing at least 1-2, each stripping and slicing
Weight 25-30g；
(4) vernalization is sterilized：By potato seed per ton 58% metalaxyl-mn-zn 0.5kg-0.6kg, 50% carbendazim 1kg-1.2kg
With land plaster 50kg-60kg seed dressings；
(5) potato wedge is dried：The moisture of potato wedge is dried in 10-12h；
(6) selection of land site preparation：The soil is porous for selection, good permeability, soil layer is deep, irrigation and drainage are good, physical features is flat and organic matter
Abundant soil, every mu applies the organic fertilizer 3200-3500kg become thoroughly decomposed, ploughs deeply and rakes, and deep plough 20-25cm, then every mu applies soil
Earth modifying agent 35-40kg is shallow to plough under soil；
Soil conditioner includes the raw material of following parts by weight：
5 parts of zeolite powder, 6 parts of ferrous sulfate, 20 parts of medical stone powder, 6 parts of methyl methacrylate, 5 parts of vitamin C, turf
5 parts, 4 parts of borax, 7 parts of corn stalk powder, 2 parts of sodium tripolyphosphate, 0.3 part of astragalus polyose, 5 parts of attapulgite, 8 parts of potassium breeze,
20 parts of 10 parts of rice bran, 7 parts of biotitite, 9 parts of beet, 21 parts of peameal, 13 parts of powdered rice hulls and water；
Soil conditioner preparation method comprises the following steps：Raw material is weighed according to the parts by weight of soil conditioner, by three
Polyphosphate sodium and water are mixed, and add zeolite powder and medical stone powder, are heated to 72-75 DEG C, are continued stirring and are mixed dry to water,
Other raw materials in addition to astragalus polyose are added, 4-5h is stacked in mixing at room temperature, adds astragalus polyose, stirs, drying,
Granulation, produces soil conditioner；
(7) sow：Make high 15-20cm high ridge by 1-1.5m row spacings, 2-3 rows, spacing in the rows 15-20cm, during sowing are planted per ridge
Between March early and middle ten dayses, every mu plant 5600-6800 plant, eye upward angle modulation program request during sowing, after finishing immediately earth up make ridge, ridge face
Wide 50-55cm, the high 15-20cm in ridge, disposable earthing is not less than 10-12cm, and the soil block on the face of ridge is harrowed into thin with rake, spray second grass
Amine or other herbicides prevent weed growth, then cover mulch film, with wide 1 ridge of the covering with ground sheeting faces of 80-90cm, and use wet soil
Cover tightly fenestra；
(8) field management：Rupture of membranes puts seedling, topdressing and watering, changes control；
(9) harvest：In most of cauline leaf from green to yellow, then reach withered and yellow, underground stem tuber is to reach physiological maturity state,
Recovery process is carried out, the harvesting selection fine day morning is carried out, and used tool will clean, hygienic, pollution-free.
Organic fertilizer in step (6) selection of land site preparation include in poultry manure, poultry manure containing abundant organic matter, nitrogen,
A variety of minerals and the trace elements such as calcium, magnesium, sulphur needed for phosphorus, potassium and tomato growth, these nutrients disclosure satisfy that Ma Ling
In potato growth course to a variety of nutrients the need for.
Poultry manure is chicken manure, pig manure and the mixture of cow dung, and these poultry manures are collected simply and conveniently, and cost
It is low.
Field examination is carried out before when rupture of membranes puts seedling for seedling stage every morning 8 in step (8) field management, timely rupture of membranes, with
Prevent from scalding seedling；If table soil is dried, it should water in time, in case influence is emerged.
Topdressing and watering is emerge fore-and-aft observing soil, the timely moisturizing of humidity deficit, 9- after emerging in step (8) field management
10d Nitrogen Top Dressings, promote seedling tiller, every mu is applied carbon ammonium 60-80kg, and intertillage training is carried out with seedling growth after seed deeplying and cover shallowlying and watering
Soil, whole growth course is unable to water shortage, notes overflowing 5-7d before ridge top, harvest when watering and stops watering, it is ensured that potato
Nutrient and moisture supply are sufficient during growth.
It is, in squaring period, bud to be extractd in time, to the field of excessive growth trend, every mu to change control in step (8) field management
With 12-15% paclobutrazol 20-25g, 45-50kg sprayings, Spindling control are watered.
Sodium tripolyphosphate and water are mixed to stir using twin-shaft mixer during step (6) selection of land site preparation
Mix, dual horizontal shaft type mixer has the advantages that reasonable in design, balance be good, easy to maintenance and efficiency high.
Drying is dries using Double-barrel drying machine during step (6) selection of land site preparation, and Double-barrel drying machine drying has heat
Efficiency high, energy-efficient, compact conformation, insulation and material exchange more fully advantage with heat smoke.
Granulation is granulates using flat-die Squeezinggranulator during step (6) selection of land site preparation, and flat-die Squeezinggranulator adds
The granular material of work has that any surface finish, hardness are moderate, balling ratio is high, without returning charge, granule strength be high, the uniform balling-up of rounding
The characteristics of moisture is low.
By embodiment 1, the high yield of embodiment 2 and embodiment 3, disease-resistant potato culture method and the cultivation of traditional potato
Culture method is compared, with advantages below：
As seen from the above table, compared with traditional potato culture method, the potato that the present invention is cultivated has quality better, production
Amount height and the low advantage of pest and disease damage incidence.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention are the foregoing is only, are not intended to limit the invention, although with reference to foregoing reality
Apply example the present invention is described in detail, for those skilled in the art, it still can be to foregoing each implementation
Technical scheme described in example is modified, or equivalent substitution, all essences in the present invention are carried out to which part technical characteristic
God is with principle, and any modification, equivalent substitution and improvements made etc. should be included in the scope of the protection.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of high yield, disease-resistant potato culture method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
(1) variety selection：Selection should select that good quality and high output, disease resistance are strong, commodity is good, potato seed without broken skin and without insect bite；
(2) potato seed storage is with selecting：The gunnysack that will be equipped with potato seed is opened, and potato seed shady and cool, dry, ventilation disposed within is uniform
Spread out, choose except sick rotten potato seed；
(3) kind is cut：Basked seeds and cut within 1 day before planting kind, cutting knife with 5% Lysol water sterilization, ventilation, it is shady and cool, dry,
Potato seed is erected under the conditions of without sunlight exposure environment and cut, it is ensured that each healthy and strong eye of stripping and slicing at least 1-2, each stripping and slicing weight
25-30g；
(4) vernalization is sterilized：By potato seed per ton 58% metalaxyl-mn-zn 0.5kg-0.6kg, 50% carbendazim 1kg-1.2kg and stone
Cream powder 50kg-60kg dresses seed；
(5) potato wedge is dried：The moisture of potato wedge is dried in 10-12h；
(6) selection of land site preparation：The soil is porous for selection, good permeability, soil layer is deep, irrigation and drainage are good, physical features is flat and organic matter is abundant
Soil, every mu applies the organic fertilizer 3200-3500kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed, ploughs deeply and rakes, and deep plough 20-25cm, then every mu applies soil and changes
Good dose of 35-40kg is shallow to plough under soil；
The soil conditioner includes the raw material of following parts by weight：
3-5 parts of zeolite powder, 4-6 parts of ferrous sulfate, 16-20 parts of medical stone powder, 4-6 parts of methyl methacrylate, vitamin C 3-5
Part, 3-5 parts of turf, 2-4 parts of borax, 3-7 parts of corn stalk powder, 1-2 parts of sodium tripolyphosphate, 0.1-0.3 parts of astragalus polyose, bumps
3-5 parts of rod soil, 4-8 parts of potassium breeze, 6-10 parts of rice bran, 5-7 parts of biotitite, 3-9 parts of beet, 5-21 parts of peameal, powdered rice hulls
3-13 parts and 10-20 parts of water；
The soil conditioner preparation method comprises the following steps：Raw material is weighed according to the parts by weight of soil conditioner, by three
Polyphosphate sodium and water are mixed, and add zeolite powder and medical stone powder, are heated to 72-75 DEG C, are continued stirring and are mixed dry to water,
Other raw materials in addition to astragalus polyose are added, 4-5h is stacked in mixing at room temperature, adds astragalus polyose, stirs, drying,
Granulation, produces soil conditioner；
(7) sow：Make high 15-20cm high ridge by 1-1.5m row spacings, 2-3 rows, spacing in the rows 15-20cm, March sowing time are planted per ridge
Early and middle ten dayses, every mu is planted 5600-6800 plants, and eye upward angle modulation program request during sowing is earthed up and makees ridge, ridge face width 50- immediately after finishing
55cm, the high 15-20cm in ridge, disposable earthing is not less than 10-12cm, and the soil block on the face of ridge is harrowed into thin with rake, spray Acetochlor or
Other herbicides prevent weed growth, then cover mulch film, with wide 1 ridge of the covering with ground sheeting faces of 80-90cm, and are covered tightly with wet soil
Fenestra；
(8) field management：Rupture of membranes puts seedling, topdressing and watering, changes control；
(9) harvest：In most of cauline leaf from green to yellow, then reach withered and yellow, underground stem tuber is to reach physiological maturity state, carry out
Recovery process, the harvesting selection fine day morning is carried out, and used tool will clean, hygienic, pollution-free.
2. high yield according to claim 1, disease-resistant potato culture method, it is characterised in that：Step (6) selection of land
Organic fertilizer in site preparation includes poultry manure.
3. high yield according to claim 2, disease-resistant potato culture method, it is characterised in that：The poultry manure is
One or more kinds of mixtures in chicken manure, pig manure and cow dung.
4. high yield according to claim 1, disease-resistant potato culture method, it is characterised in that：Step (8) field
Field examination is carried out before when rupture of membranes puts seedling for seedling stage every morning 8 in management, timely rupture of membranes, if table soil is dried, should be poured in time
Water.
5. high yield according to claim 1, disease-resistant potato culture method, it is characterised in that：Step (8) field
Topdressing and watering is fore-and-aft observing soil of emerging in management, and the timely moisturizing of humidity deficit, 9-10d Nitrogen Top Dressings after emerging promote children
Seedling tiller, every mu is applied carbon ammonium 60-80kg, carries out cultivation and banking with seedling growth after seed deeplying and cover shallowlying and watering, whole growth course is not
Energy water shortage, notes overflowing 5-7d before ridge top, harvest and stops watering when watering.
6. high yield according to claim 1, disease-resistant potato culture method, it is characterised in that：Step (8) field
It is, in squaring period, bud to be extractd in time to change control in management, to the field of excessive growth trend, and every mu with 12-15% paclobutrazols 20-
25g, is watered 45-50kg sprayings.
7. high yield according to claim 1, disease-resistant potato culture method, it is characterised in that：Step (6) selection of land
Sodium tripolyphosphate and water are mixed to stir using twin-shaft mixer during site preparation.
8. high yield according to claim 1, disease-resistant potato culture method, it is characterised in that：Step (6) selection of land
Drying is to be dried using Double-barrel drying machine during site preparation.
9. high yield according to claim 1, disease-resistant potato culture method, it is characterised in that：Step (6) selection of land
Granulation is to be granulated using flat-die Squeezinggranulator during site preparation.
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| CN110050656A (en) * | 2019-03-26 | 2019-07-26 | 金华市农业科学研究院 | A kind of degeneration-resistant Forcing cultivation method of early spring mulch potato |
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Application publication date: 20171010 |