CN107200056A - 汽车用万向接头的滑动罩 - Google Patents

汽车用万向接头的滑动罩 Download PDF

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CN107200056A
CN107200056A CN201710153126.6A CN201710153126A CN107200056A CN 107200056 A CN107200056 A CN 107200056A CN 201710153126 A CN201710153126 A CN 201710153126A CN 107200056 A CN107200056 A CN 107200056A
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universal joint
sliding closure
needle bearing
automobile
sliding
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CN107200056B (zh
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金弘根
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DREAMTEC Inc
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DREAMTEC Inc
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D3/00—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
    • F16D3/02—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive adapted to specific functions
    • F16D3/06—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive adapted to specific functions specially adapted to allow axial displacement
    • F16D3/065—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive adapted to specific functions specially adapted to allow axial displacement by means of rolling elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D1/00—Steering controls, i.e. means for initiating a change of direction of the vehicle
    • B62D1/02—Steering controls, i.e. means for initiating a change of direction of the vehicle vehicle-mounted
    • B62D1/16—Steering columns
    • B62D1/20—Connecting steering column to steering gear
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D1/00—Steering controls, i.e. means for initiating a change of direction of the vehicle
    • B62D1/02—Steering controls, i.e. means for initiating a change of direction of the vehicle vehicle-mounted
    • B62D1/16—Steering columns
    • B62D1/18—Steering columns yieldable or adjustable, e.g. tiltable
    • B62D1/185—Steering columns yieldable or adjustable, e.g. tiltable adjustable by axial displacement, e.g. telescopically
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C29/00—Bearings for parts moving only linearly
    • F16C29/002—Elastic or yielding linear bearings or bearing supports
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C29/00—Bearings for parts moving only linearly
    • F16C29/007—Hybrid linear bearings, i.e. including more than one bearing type, e.g. sliding contact bearings as well as rolling contact bearings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C3/00—Shafts; Axles; Cranks; Eccentrics
    • F16C3/02—Shafts; Axles
    • F16C3/03—Shafts; Axles telescopic
    • F16C3/035—Shafts; Axles telescopic with built-in bearings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D3/00—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
    • F16D3/16—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts
    • F16D3/20—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members
    • F16D3/22—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D3/00—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
    • F16D3/16—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts
    • F16D3/20—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members
    • F16D3/22—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts
    • F16D3/223—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts the rolling members being guided in grooves in both coupling parts
    • F16D3/226—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts the rolling members being guided in grooves in both coupling parts the groove centre-lines in each coupling part lying on a cylinder co-axial with the respective coupling part
    • F16D3/227—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts the rolling members being guided in grooves in both coupling parts the groove centre-lines in each coupling part lying on a cylinder co-axial with the respective coupling part the joints being telescopic
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2326/00—Articles relating to transporting
    • F16C2326/20—Land vehicles
    • F16C2326/24—Steering systems, e.g. steering rods or columns
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2361/00—Apparatus or articles in engineering in general
    • F16C2361/41—Couplings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C29/00—Bearings for parts moving only linearly
    • F16C29/04—Ball or roller bearings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D3/00—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
    • F16D3/16—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts
    • F16D3/20—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members
    • F16D3/22—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts
    • F16D3/223—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts the rolling members being guided in grooves in both coupling parts
    • F16D2003/22303—Details of ball cages
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D3/00—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
    • F16D3/16—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts
    • F16D3/26—Hooke's joints or other joints with an equivalent intermediate member to which each coupling part is pivotally or slidably connected
    • F16D3/38—Hooke's joints or other joints with an equivalent intermediate member to which each coupling part is pivotally or slidably connected with a single intermediate member with trunnions or bearings arranged on two axes perpendicular to one another

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Steering Controls (AREA)
  • Bearings For Parts Moving Linearly (AREA)
  • Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及构成为当万向接头进行滑行操作或者传递旋转扭矩时，安装于滑动罩上的滚针轴承能够弹性地接触而操作，同时轴接头和管接头能够顺畅地滑行移动的汽车用万向接头的滑动罩。本发明的汽车用万向接头的滑动罩被提供于构成汽车用转向装置的万向接头中，并装配成能够沿轴方向进行滑行移动并传递扭矩，其中，所述滑动罩包括：套管，沿所述套管的外侧面的长度方向维持间隔而形成的多个安装部，以及设置于所述安装部的滚针轴承和球轴承。

Description

汽车用万向接头的滑动罩
技术领域
本发明涉及汽车用万向接头的滑动罩，更具体地，涉及构成为当万向接头进行滑行操作或者传递旋转扭矩时，安装于滑动罩上的滚针轴承能够弹性地接触而操作，同时轴接头和管接头能够顺畅地滑行移动的汽车用万向接头的滑动罩。
背景技术
一般地，汽车上提供有驾驶员用于转换车辆的前进方向的转向装置。转向装置包括：设置在驾驶座前方而使驾驶员能够进行旋转的方向盘，设置在所述方向盘的下部的转向柱，将所述转向柱的旋转运动转换成直线运动的同时增大转向力而变更轮胎的方向的齿轮箱，用于将传递至所述转向柱的旋转力传递至齿轮箱的万向接头。
万向接头包括轴接头和管接头，该管接头装配成在轴接头上能够滑行移动并传递旋转扭矩。
轴接头的外周面上沿长度方向形成有锯齿，管接头的内侧形成有与锯齿相对应的花键，轴接头啮合连接在管接头上，从而能够沿轴方向滑行移动并传递旋转扭矩。
如此，当装配轴接头和管接头时，为了能够使轴接头和管接头更加平滑顺畅地滑行移动，在管接头的末端部外侧面上装配滑动罩(sliding cage)，该滑动罩以球轴承构成，或以球轴承和滚针轴承的组合构成。
另外，装配于滑动罩的轴承的表面上涂覆有如油或脂等的润滑剂，并将这种轴接头插入管接头的内部而进行装配。
但是，滑动罩虽然能够使以球轴承或以球轴承和滚针轴承的组合构成的万向接头平滑地滑行移动，但是球轴承由于是点接触，其球体可能会在轴接头上产生压痕，因而在使用转向装置时，会产生噪音或转向性能下降的问题。
为了解决如上所述的缺点，作为现有技术提出有公开专利10-2014-0039660号。
所述现有技术为了能够消除针对转向装置的旋转扭矩的滑行部的压痕的产生并很好地维持转向性能，其结构被提供为由圆柱形构成的滚针轴承，以代替球轴承。
但是，所述滚针轴承的结构当轴接头沿着管接头的内部进行滑行操作时，或者当万向接头因方向盘的操作而进行旋转时，滚针轴承的外侧整体面与管接头的内部面相面接触，因此具有摩擦系数增大的问题。
因这种理由，万向接头的滑行操作和旋转操作不能平滑地进行，因而不能良好地维持转向装置的转向感。
此外，随着转向装置的使用时间的累积，滚针轴承因摩擦阻力和扭矩传递而受磨损，因此使用转向装置时，方向盘的旋转方向间隔也相应变大，从而不仅产生噪音，而且会降低转向性能。
现有技术文献
专利文献
(专利文献0001)韩国公开专利10-2014-0039660号。
发明内容
本发明为了解决如上所述的以往的问题而提出，本发明的目的是提供一种汽车用万向接头的滑动罩，该汽车用万向接头的滑动罩构成为当万向接头进行滑行操作或传递旋转扭矩时，安装于滑动罩的滚针轴承能够弹性地接触并操作。
本发明的又一目的是提供一种汽车用万向接头的滑动罩，该汽车用万向接头的滑动罩能够使轴接头和管接头顺畅地滑动。
本发明提供的汽车用万向接头的滑动罩被提供用于构成汽车用转向装置的万向接头中，并装配成能够沿轴方向进行滑行移动并传递扭矩，
所述滑动罩包括套管，沿所述套管的外侧面的长度方向维持间隔而形成的多个安装部，设置于所述安装部的滚针轴承和球轴承。
所述球轴承和所述滚针轴承一同设置于相同的安装部或者单独地设置于不同的安装部。
当所述球轴承和所述滚针轴承一同设置于相同的安装部时，所述滚针轴承设置于所述安装部的中央部，所述球轴承分别位于所述滚针轴承的两侧末端部侧。
所述滚针轴承包括本体和弹性构件，所述本体构成为圆筒形的杆状并沿着圆周面形成有支撑槽，所述弹性构件装配于形成在所述本体上的所述支撑槽中。
所述支撑槽的底面构成为一字形，从所述底面延伸的两侧面构成为外向倾斜面。
所述支撑槽构成为涡线形状，所述弹性构件构成为螺旋弹簧形状。
所述弹性构件安装成与所述支撑槽的底面和两侧面间隔些许距离的状态。
所述滚针轴承的本体的两侧末端部的截面直径构成为比所述本体的截面直径小，所述滚针轴承的本体的两侧末端部构成为曲面。
根据本发明的汽车用万向接头的滑动罩中，由于沿着滚针轴承本体的外侧面提供有由螺旋弹簧构成的弹性构件，当万向接头进行滑行操作或传递扭矩时，弹性构件与管接头的内侧面弹性地接触并操作，从而滚针轴承与管接头的内侧面不产生间隔，因此能够防止转向装置的性能下降，并且即使转向装置的使用时间累积增长，也能够使转向感如初始状态一样以良好的状态始终维持。
此外，因提供于滚针轴承的两侧端部的球轴承，轴接头和管接头的滑动能够更加顺畅地进行。
附图说明
图1是安装有根据本发明的汽车用万向接头的滑动罩的万向接头的装配图；
图2是根据本发明的汽车用万向接头的滑动罩的立体图；
图3是根据本发明的汽车用万向接头的滑动罩的主视图；
图4是提供于根据本发明的汽车用万向接头的滑动罩的滚针轴承的主视图；
图5是图4的滚针轴承的分解状态的主视图；
图6是图4的局部放大剖视图；
图7是根据本发明的汽车用万向接头的滑动罩装配于万向接头上的状态的剖视图；
图8是用于说明构成根据本发明的汽车用万向接头的滑动罩的滚针轴承弹性地接触于管接头内侧面的操作状态图；
图9是用于说明以多种方式设置根据本发明的汽车用万向接头的滑动罩的滚针轴承和球轴承的例示图。
附图标记说明
S：轴接头 P：管接头
100：轴部 110：锯齿
120：卡环固定槽 200、400：轭部
210、410：连接孔 300：管部
310：花键 320：固定槽
500：滑动罩 510：套管
520：安装部 530：槽
600：滚针轴承 610：本体
620：弹性构件 630：支撑槽
640：底面 650：侧面
660：曲面 700：球轴承
具体实施方式
以下，参照附图，将更加详细地说明本发明的优选实施方式。
图1是安装有根据本发明的汽车用万向接头的滑动罩的万向接头的装配图，图2和图3是根据本发明的汽车用万向接头的滑动罩的立体图和主视图，图4和图5是提供于根据本发明的汽车用万向接头的滑动罩的滚针轴承的主视图和分解图；图6是图4的局部放大剖视图；图7是根据本发明的汽车用万向接头的滑动罩装配于万向接头上的状态的剖视图；图8是用于说明构成根据本发明的汽车用万向接头的滑动罩的滚针轴承弹性地接触管接头内侧面的操作状态图。
如附图中所示，汽车用万向接头包括轴接头S，作为装配于该轴接头S的相对构件的管接头P，以及装配于所述轴接头S的滑动罩500。
轴接头S包括轴部100和轭部200，轴部100的外侧面上沿圆周方向形成有多个锯齿110，轭部200上形成有用于连接如十字轴等其他接头的连接孔210。
轴接头S的末端部外侧面上固定设置有滑动罩500，为了能够用未图示的卡环固定该滑动罩500，轴部100的末端部上形成有卡环固定槽120。
作为装配于轴接头S的相对构件的管接头P包括管部300和轭部400，管部300的内部面上形成有与所述轴接头S的锯齿110对应的花键310，轭部400上形成有用于连接如十字轴等其他接头的连接孔410。
管接头P的花键310可以以成型管部300的同时，其内部本身成型花键310的方式进行设置。
管接头P的管部300的末端部圆周面上形成有固定槽320，从而能够固定于被固定体等。
将如上所述的轴接头S的轴部110插入装配于管接头P的管部300内部以构成万向接头，将这种万向接头安装于车辆上而使用时，为了能够沿轴方向平滑地滑行移动，在轴部100上还可以装配有滑动罩500。
滑动罩500包括插入固定于轴接头S的轴部100外侧的套管510，沿所述套管510的外侧面长度方向维持间隔而突出的多个安装部520，固定设置于所述安装部520上并与所述管接头P的内面线接触的滚针轴承600，以及装配在所述滚针轴承600的末端部两侧的球轴承700。
所述套管510构成为圆筒形的形状，所述安装部520构成为圆柱形的形状，这种安装部520上形成有支撑槽，以使滚针轴承600和球轴承700以过盈配合的方式安装于该支撑槽中。
此外，安装部520构成为沿长度方向形成有槽530，以使如脂或油等的润滑剂能够流入或被存储。
所述滚针轴承600包括滚针轴承的本体610和安装于滚针轴承的本体610的外侧面上的弹性构件620。
滚针轴承的本体610构成为圆筒形的杆状并沿着圆周面形成有支撑槽630，该支撑槽630上插入安装有弹性构件620。支撑槽630形成为涡线形状，弹性构件620构成为与涡线形状的支撑槽630相同形态的螺旋弹簧形状。
所述支撑槽630包括底面640和从该底面640的两侧沿上部延伸的侧面650，底面640构成为一字形，两个侧面650构成为外向倾斜面。
通过将支撑槽630的侧面650形成为外向倾斜面，当万向接头的轴接头S和管接头P进行滑行操作或扭矩作用时，能够赋予滚针轴承的弹性构件620小幅度弹性地游动的空间。
此外，所述弹性构件620形成为能够安装成与支撑槽630的底面640和两个侧面650间隔些许距离的状态，由此轴接头S和管接头P沿轴方向进行滑行移动或旋转以传递扭矩时，滚针轴承的弹性构件620能够获得弹力并进行游动。
实质上，本发明中，轴接头S和管接头P进行滑行操作或传递扭矩时，滚针轴承的弹性构件620和球轴承700弹性地接触于管接头P的内侧面。
因此，当万向接头的轴接头S和管接头P进行滑行操作或传递旋转扭矩时，滚针轴承的弹性构件620的外向弹力一直作用着，从而弹性构件620的外侧整体面弹性地线接触于管接头P的内侧面，以进行滑行运动或传递旋转扭矩，因此能够最小化摩擦系数，并消除可能产生于滚针轴承600和管接头P内部面之间的间隔。
由此，滚针轴承和管接头P的内侧面不产生间隔，从而能够防止转向装置的性能下降，并且即使转向装置的使用时间累积增长，也能够使转向感一直如初始状态一样始终维持为良好的状态。
此外，装配于滚针轴承600的弹性构件620起到补偿管接头P的内侧面之间的间隙的作用，在轴接头S和管接头P上施加有扭矩的状态下进行滑行移动时，压缩状态的弹性构件620和球轴承700可以一同弹性地接触于形成在管接头P上的花键310，并进行滑行移动。
另外，在轴接头S和管接头P上施加扭矩时，扭矩分别一级传递至安装于滚针轴承600的弹性构件620，二级传递至位于滚针轴承600两侧的球轴承700，三级传递至滚针轴承600的本体610。
另外，此时依靠滚针轴承600的本体610，能够防止球轴承700的压痕。即，在轴接头S和管接头P上施加扭矩时，滑动顺畅性主要由球轴承700负责，压痕预防由滚针轴承600负责。
所述滚针轴承600的本体610两端部的外径B构成为比本体的外径A小，当轴接头S沿着管接头P进行滑行移动时，能够降低滚针轴承600的前端部的摩擦阻力。
此外，滚针轴承600的本体610两侧末端部构成为曲面660，因此当将滚针轴承600以过盈配合方式安装于安装部520时，能够更容易地安装。
如上所述，安装有滚针轴承600和球轴承700的滑动罩500插入装配于轴接头S的轴部100的末端部，并利用未图示的卡环能够在卡环固定槽120中维持装配状态。
所述滚针轴承600和球轴承700可以与本实施方式相同地一同设置于安装部520，或者也可以以如下的方式进行设置，如图9a至图9c所示，在一个安装部上设置滚针轴承600，并在与之相邻的其他安装部上设置球轴承700。此时，球轴承700可以是两个或其以上维持间隔地设置。
如上所述的汽车用万向接头的滑动罩中，轴接头S的轴部100的末端部上装配滑动罩500，并将其一侧端向管接头P的内侧进行插入装配。
如此装配的轴接头S和管接头P成为：锯齿110和花键310能够通过滑动罩500传递旋转扭矩，并能够沿轴方向滑行移动。
另外，在形成于轴接头S的轭部200的连接孔210中连接如十字轴的其他接头，并装配在构成汽车的转向装置的转向柱上，在形成于管接头P的轭部400的连接孔410中连接如十字轴的其他接头，并装配在构成汽车的转向装置的齿轮箱上，从而进行使用。
此时，提供于滑动罩500的滚针轴承600是在滚针本体610的外侧提供有由螺旋弹簧构成的弹性构件620的结构，因此当轴接头S和管接头P进行滑行操作或传递旋转扭矩时，滚针轴承的弹性构件620的外侧整体面能够弹性地线接触于管接头P的内侧面，同时进行滑行运动或传递旋转扭矩。
即，在万向接头上没有施加扭矩的状态下，如图6所示，滚针轴承600的弹性构件620不接触于滚针轴承的本体610的支撑槽630，并处于与支撑槽维持间隙的状态，此时，滚针轴承600的弹性构件620的外侧面(外径)接触于管接头P的花键310的内侧面，从而管接头P能够沿着轴接头S进行滑行移动。此时，因球轴承700，轴接头S和管接头P能够更加顺畅地滑动。
另外，如图8所示，因转向装置的旋转，在万向接头上施加扭矩时，轴接头S和管接头P上作用有扭矩，由此，管接头P的花键310的内侧面对滚针轴承600的弹性构件620加压，从而压缩滚针轴承600的弹性构件620的同时，管接头P的花键310的内侧面紧贴在滚着轴承的本体610和弹性构件620的表面上，并传递旋转扭矩。如此，管接头P获得弹性构件620的外向弹力时进行面接触的同时传递扭矩，因此不产生压痕，此时，弹性构件620没有完全紧贴在滚针轴承的本体610的支撑槽630上，而是处于维持间隔的状态。
另外，当作用的扭矩被解除时弹性构件620因外向弹力而复原成原状态的过程反复进行，由此，弹性构件620即使万向接头的滑行操作或扭矩作用进行时，也不接触于支撑槽630，而是处于弹性地间隔些许距离的状态。
由此，万向接头能够以一直获得弹性构件620的弹力的状态进行操作，从而不产生可能在滚针轴承600和管接头P的内部面之间的间隔，因此能够防止转向装置的性能下降，即使转向装置的使用时间累积增长，也能够使转向感一直如初始状态一样良好且始终地维持。
进行如此的操作时，由于滚针轴承600的两侧端部上安装有球轴承700，当轴接头S和管接头P沿轴方向进行滑行移动时，利用球轴承700能够更加顺畅地滑动。
以上为了示例的目的说明了本发明的优选实施方式，但并不限于此，在权利要求书、发明的具体实施方式和附图范围内，可以进行多种变形而实施。

Claims (9)

1.汽车用万向接头的滑动罩，该滑动罩被提供于构成汽车用转向装置的万向接头中，并装配成能够沿轴方向进行滑行移动并传递扭矩，其特征在于，所述滑动罩包括：
套管；
沿所述套管的外侧面的长度方向维持间隔而形成的多个安装部；以及
设置于所述安装部的滚针轴承和球轴承。
2.根据权利要求1所述的汽车用万向接头的滑动罩，其特征在于，所述球轴承和所述滚针轴承一同设置于相同的安装部或者单独地设置于不同的安装部。
3.根据权利要求2所述的汽车用万向接头的滑动罩，其特征在于，当所述球轴承和所述滚针轴承一同设置于相同的安装部时，所述滚针轴承设置于所述安装部的中央部，所述球轴承分别位于所述滚针轴承的两侧末端部侧。
4.根据权利要求1所述的汽车用万向接头的滑动罩，其特征在于，所述滚针轴承包括：
本体，所述本体构成为圆筒形的杆状并沿着圆周面形成有支撑槽；以及
弹性构件，所述弹性构件装配于形成在所述本体上的所述支撑槽中。
5.根据权利要求4所述的汽车用万向接头的滑动罩，其特征在于，所述支撑槽的底面构成为一字形，并且从所述底面延伸的两侧面构成为外向倾斜面。
6.根据权利要求4所述的汽车用万向接头的滑动罩，其特征在于，所述支撑槽构成为涡线形状，所述弹性构件构成为螺旋弹簧形状。
7.根据权利要求4所述的汽车用万向接头的滑动罩，其特征在于，所述弹性构件安装成与所述支撑槽的底面和两侧面间隔些许距离的状态。
8.根据权利要求4所述的汽车用万向接头的滑动罩，其特征在于，所述滚针轴承的本体的两侧末端部的截面直径构成为比所述本体的截面直径小。
9.根据权利要求4所述的汽车用万向接头的滑动罩，其特征在于，所述滚针轴承的本体的两侧末端部构成为曲面。
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CN109533006A (zh) * 2018-12-12 2019-03-29 安徽江淮汽车集团股份有限公司 一种转向中间轴滑移机构
CN111532335A (zh) * 2019-02-07 2020-08-14 罗伯特·博世有限公司 用于机动车的能够调节的转向柱
WO2021057747A1 (zh) * 2019-09-23 2021-04-01 恒大新能源汽车投资控股集团有限公司 转向管柱连接装置及车辆
CN110877634A (zh) * 2019-12-23 2020-03-13 天津市精一紧固件有限公司 一种机动车转向轴

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US20170268574A1 (en) 2017-09-21
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