CN107173734A - 一种发酵酥脆冬枣 - Google Patents
一种发酵酥脆冬枣 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107173734A CN107173734A CN201710427965.2A CN201710427965A CN107173734A CN 107173734 A CN107173734 A CN 107173734A CN 201710427965 A CN201710427965 A CN 201710427965A CN 107173734 A CN107173734 A CN 107173734A
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- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
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- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
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Abstract
本发明涉及农产品的保鲜技术,公开了一种冬枣的采后处理及保鲜方法,包括以下步骤:(1)在冬枣成熟度达到果面的30‑40%泛红时进行采摘,此时的冬枣最耐贮藏,且贮藏后品质最佳,在预冷前使用魔芋胶处理可以防止冬枣失水,充入臭氧后使用水浴加热,能够保持冬枣的硬度,抑制乙烯的合成和低冷害的发生;(2)取出水浴加热后的冬枣,置于植物保鲜剂中浸泡30‑40分钟,该植物保鲜剂,防腐保鲜效果好,且不会造成有毒有害物的残留,并使用二氧化氯缓蚀剂处理,借助其氧化作用达到杀灭病菌的效果;(3)进一步进行减压处理,能够降低酶的活性,减弱冬枣的呼吸作用,延缓衰老,抑制酒化,维持维生素C的含量。
Description
技术领域
本发明主要涉及冬枣深加工技术领域,尤其涉及一种发酵酥脆冬枣。
背景技术
冬枣,是公认的品质最好的鲜食枣品种,皮薄而脆,落地而碎,肉厚核小,可食率达96.1%,汁多无渣,甘甜清香,营养丰富,富含糖、维生素、和多种矿质元素,能够提高免疫力,保护肝脏,解酒毒,防治心脑血管病,抗癌抑癌;但是冬枣皮薄,不耐贮藏,鲜果的销售期很短,因此需要将冬枣鲜果进行深加工,但是目前市售的冬枣深加工产品好很少,只有少量的脆冬枣,而且市售的脆冬枣是经过油炸制备而成,对冬枣的营养成分破坏严重,而且油炸过程中会产生多种有害成分,对人体健康产生不利影响。
发明内容
为了弥补已有技术的缺陷,本发明的目的是提供一种发酵酥脆冬枣。
一种发酵酥脆冬枣,由以下重量份的原料制成:冬枣52~54、薏米9~11、小米8~10、牛奶8~10、低聚乳果糖6~8、食盐0.5~0.7、枣叶提取物0.4~0.6、乳酸菌3~5、面包酵母3~5。
所述的冬枣,为未完全变红的冬枣鲜果,变红面积为冬枣面积的1/4~1/2,增加产品酥脆性。
所述的食盐,为无碘食盐,保持冬枣的香甜口感。
所述的枣叶提取物,是将老枣叶洗净,粉碎,炒至焦香,加入枣叶重量3~5倍量的水,混合均匀,冷冻12~14小时,取出,加热煮沸后,过滤,再次向滤渣中加入滤渣重量30~40倍量的水,于30~32kHz超声13~15分钟,过滤,反复超声3次,合并所有滤液,加热浓缩至体积为原来的1/10,向浓缩后的滤液中缓慢加入体积分数为97~98%的酒精溶液,使酒精的最终体积分数为64~66%,于1~3℃静置30~34小时,过滤,将沉淀烘干至无水分,得枣叶提取物。
所述的乳酸菌,经二次活化,活菌数为108~109CFU/ml,由以下重量份的原料制成:德氏乳杆菌26~28、保加利亚乳杆菌17~19、干酪乳杆菌13~15、乳酸链球菌10~11、布氏乳杆菌5~7。
一种发酵酥脆冬枣的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将冬枣洗净,去蒂,去核,打浆,使粒径为60~80目,得冬枣浆;
(2)将薏米和小米洗净,沥水,加入食盐,炒至焦香,增加冬枣的香味和营养成分,促进消化吸收,使含水量为3~5%,研磨,至粒径为80~100目,得杂粮粉;
(3)将低聚乳果糖加入冬枣浆,促进乳酸菌发酵,酸甜适中,促进胃肠功能,避免冬枣食用后产生的消化不良症状,搅拌至完全溶解,接入乳酸菌,置于37~39℃发酵8~10小时,得乳酸发酵料;
(4)将杂粮粉和牛奶加入乳酸发酵料,搅拌均匀,接入面包酵母,于23~25℃发酵5~6小时,使原料气孔细密,香味浓郁,发酵后分解大分子的营养成分,便于消化吸收,减轻胃肠负担,得酵母发酵料;
(5)将枣叶提取物加入酵母发酵料,使枣叶变废为宝,保护胃肠功能,节约生产成本,混合均匀,挤压至模具中,于-32~-30℃冷冻20~25小时,取出,得冬枣坯;
(6)将冬枣坯冷冻干燥至含水量为3~5%,冷冻干燥后口感酥脆,保留营养,极易复水,便于消化吸收,避免食用冬枣后造成胃肠不适的症状,得发酵酥脆冬枣;
(7)真空包装,辐射杀菌,检验,得成品。
所述步骤(5)的模具,为冬枣形状。
所述步骤(6)的冷冻干燥,冷冻温度为-44~-42℃,搁板加热温度为37~39℃。
所述发酵酥脆冬枣的食用方法,打开包装即可食用,打开包装后一次未食用完的,密封后进行保存,打开包装后在4天内食用完毕。
本发明的优点是:本发明提供的一种发酵酥脆冬枣,原料丰富,营养均衡,酸甜适中,酥脆爽口,完全改变了传统的油炸脆冬枣,增加了市场上冬枣的深加工产品,满足不同消费者的口感和营养需求,增加冬枣的附加值,使农户的经济收入提高9.7%;冬枣的变红面积为冬枣面积的1/4~1/2,增加产品酥脆性,加入为无碘食盐,保持冬枣的香甜口感;冬枣打浆后,加入低聚乳果糖,促进乳酸菌发酵,酸甜适中,促进胃肠功能,避免冬枣食用后产生的消化不良症状;薏米和小米炒制后研磨成杂粮粉,增加冬枣的香味和营养成分,促进消化吸收,加入面包酵母进行发酵,使原料气孔细密,香味浓郁,发酵后分解大分子的营养成分,便于消化吸收,减轻胃肠负担;将枣叶提取物加入酵母发酵料,使枣叶变废为宝,保护胃肠功能,节约生产成本,加入冬枣模具进行成型,冷冻干燥后口感酥脆,保留营养,极易复水,便于消化吸收,避免食用冬枣后造成胃肠不适的症状。
具体实施方式
下面用具体实施例说明本发明。
实施例1
一种发酵酥脆冬枣,由以下重量份的原料制成:冬枣52、薏米9、小米8、牛奶8、低聚乳果糖6、食盐0.5、枣叶提取物0.4、乳酸菌3、面包酵母3。
所述的冬枣,为未完全变红的冬枣鲜果,变红面积为冬枣面积的1/4~1/2。
所述的食盐,为无碘食盐。
所述的枣叶提取物,是将老枣叶洗净,粉碎,炒至焦香,加入枣叶重量3倍量的水,混合均匀,冷冻12小时,取出,加热煮沸后,过滤,再次向滤渣中加入滤渣重量30倍量的水,于30kHz超声13分钟,过滤,反复超声3次,合并所有滤液,加热浓缩至体积为原来的1/10,向浓缩后的滤液中缓慢加入体积分数为97%的酒精溶液,使酒精的最终体积分数为64%,于1℃静置30小时,过滤,将沉淀烘干至无水分,得枣叶提取物。
所述的乳酸菌,经二次活化,活菌数为108~109CFU/ml,由以下重量份的原料制成:德氏乳杆菌26、保加利亚乳杆菌17、干酪乳杆菌13、乳酸链球菌10、布氏乳杆菌5。
一种发酵酥脆冬枣的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将冬枣洗净,去蒂,去核,打浆,使粒径为60目,得冬枣浆;
(2)将薏米和小米洗净,沥水,加入食盐,炒至焦香,增加冬枣的香味和营养成分,促进消化吸收,使含水量为3~5%,研磨,至粒径为80目,得杂粮粉;
(3)将低聚乳果糖加入冬枣浆,促进乳酸菌发酵,酸甜适中,促进胃肠功能,避免冬枣食用后产生的消化不良症状,搅拌至完全溶解,接入乳酸菌,置于37℃发酵8小时,得乳酸发酵料;
(4)将杂粮粉和牛奶加入乳酸发酵料,搅拌均匀,接入面包酵母,于23℃发酵5小时,使原料气孔细密,香味浓郁,发酵后分解大分子的营养成分,便于消化吸收,减轻胃肠负担,得酵母发酵料;
(5)将枣叶提取物加入酵母发酵料,使枣叶变废为宝,保护胃肠功能,节约生产成本,混合均匀,挤压至模具中,于-32℃冷冻20小时,取出,得冬枣坯;
(6)将冬枣坯冷冻干燥至含水量为3~5%,冷冻干燥后口感酥脆,保留营养,极易复水,便于消化吸收,避免食用冬枣后造成胃肠不适的症状,得发酵酥脆冬枣;
(7)真空包装,辐射杀菌,检验,得成品。
所述步骤(5)的模具,为冬枣形状。
所述步骤(6)的冷冻干燥,冷冻温度为-44℃,搁板加热温度为37℃。
所述发酵酥脆冬枣的食用方法,打开包装即可食用,打开包装后一次未食用完的,密封后进行保存,打开包装后在4天内食用完毕。
实施例2
一种发酵酥脆冬枣,由以下重量份的原料制成:冬枣53、薏米10、小米9、牛奶9、低聚乳果糖7、食盐0.6、枣叶提取物0.5、乳酸菌4、面包酵母4。
所述的冬枣,为未完全变红的冬枣鲜果,变红面积为冬枣面积的1/4~1/2。
所述的食盐,为无碘食盐。
所述的枣叶提取物,是将老枣叶洗净,粉碎,炒至焦香,加入枣叶重量4倍量的水,混合均匀,冷冻13小时,取出,加热煮沸后,过滤,再次向滤渣中加入滤渣重量35倍量的水,于31kHz超声14分钟,过滤,反复超声3次,合并所有滤液,加热浓缩至体积为原来的1/10,向浓缩后的滤液中缓慢加入体积分数为97%的酒精溶液,使酒精的最终体积分数为65%,于2℃静置32小时,过滤,将沉淀烘干至无水分,得枣叶提取物。
所述的乳酸菌,经二次活化,活菌数为108~109CFU/ml,由以下重量份的原料制成:德氏乳杆菌27、保加利亚乳杆菌18、干酪乳杆菌14、乳酸链球菌10、布氏乳杆菌6。
制备和食用方法同实施例1。
实施例3
一种发酵酥脆冬枣,由以下重量份的原料制成:冬枣54、薏米11、小米10、牛奶10、低聚乳果糖8、食盐0.7、枣叶提取物0.6、乳酸菌5、面包酵母5。
所述的冬枣,为未完全变红的冬枣鲜果,变红面积为冬枣面积的1/4~1/2。
所述的食盐,为无碘食盐。
所述的枣叶提取物,是将老枣叶洗净,粉碎,炒至焦香,加入枣叶重量5倍量的水,混合均匀,冷冻14小时,取出,加热煮沸后,过滤,再次向滤渣中加入滤渣重量40倍量的水,于32kHz超声15分钟,过滤,反复超声3次,合并所有滤液,加热浓缩至体积为原来的1/10,向浓缩后的滤液中缓慢加入体积分数为98%的酒精溶液,使酒精的最终体积分数为66%,于3℃静置34小时,过滤,将沉淀烘干至无水分,得枣叶提取物。
所述的乳酸菌,经二次活化,活菌数为108~109CFU/ml,由以下重量份的原料制成:德氏乳杆菌28、保加利亚乳杆菌19、干酪乳杆菌15、乳酸链球菌11、布氏乳杆菌7。
制备和食用方法同实施例1。
对比例1
去除薏米和小米,其余制备和食用方法,同实施例1。
对比例2
去除牛奶,其余制备和食用方法,同实施例1。
对比例3
去除枣叶提取物,其余制备和食用方法,同实施例1。
对比例4
去除乳酸菌及步骤(3),其余制备和食用方法,同实施例1。
对比例5
去除面包酵母及步骤(4),其余制备和食用方法,同实施例1。
对比例6
去除步骤(2)中的炒至焦香,其余制备和食用方法,同实施例1。
对比例7
步骤(6)中的冷冻干燥改为烘干,其余制备和食用方法,同实施例1。
对比例8
冬枣为全红冬枣,加入的食盐为碘盐,其余制备和食用方法,同实施例1。
对比例9
现有传统油炸脆冬枣。
实施例和对比例脆冬枣的营养和风味比较:
选择安徽界首地区的同一批次的冬枣,分别采用实施例和对比例脆冬枣的制备方法进行制备,并随机选择40位健康受试者,年龄为18~60岁,对各组脆冬枣进行感官评定,每种产品感官评定前需要用矿泉水漱口,实施例和对比例脆冬枣的营养和风味比较见表1。
表1:实施例和对比例脆冬枣的营养和风味比较
从表1的结果表明,实施例的发酵酥脆冬枣,脂肪含量明显较市售产品少,维生素C含量明显较对比例高,香味浓郁,酸甜适口,口感酥脆,说明本发明提供的发酵酥脆冬枣具有很好的营养和风味。
实施例和对比例酥脆冬枣促进胃肠功能的效果:
随机选择清洁级昆明种小鼠280只,体质量18~22g,雌雄各半,所有小鼠在造模前禁食12h,自由饮水,将小鼠随机分为14组,每组20只,雌雄各半,分别为实施例组、对比例组、腹泻模型组和对照组,对照组用生理盐水灌胃(5ml/kg,按小鼠体重计),同时其余小鼠均进行腹泻造模,造模成功后,实施例和对比例组分别灌服该组的酥脆冬枣(5mg/kg,按小鼠体重计),腹泻模型组和对照组灌服生理盐水灌胃(5ml/kg,按小鼠体重计),连续5d,观察小鼠灌胃后4h内的大便情况,腹泻率:排便的动物数与该组动物总数的百分比,稀便率:每只动物所排的稀便数与总便数之比,稀便级:表示稀便的程度,以稀便污染滤纸形成污迹而积的大小定级,分为4级,1级:污迹直径<1cm;2级:污迹直径1~1.9cm;3级:污迹直径2~3cm;4级:污迹直径>3cm,统计时先逐个统计每1堆稀便的级数,然后将该鼠所有稀便级数相加除以稀便次数得稀便的平均级数,简称稀便级,实施例和对比例酥脆冬枣促进胃肠功能的效果见表2。
表2:实施例和对比例酥脆冬枣促进胃肠功能的效果
注:“—”表示无。
从表2的结果可以看出,实施例的发酵酥脆冬枣,经受试后,其排便次数、腹泻率、稀便率和稀便级均明显小于对比例和腹泻模型组,说明本发明提供的发酵酥脆冬枣能够明显促进胃肠功能。
Claims (9)
1.一种发酵酥脆冬枣,其特征在于,由以下重量份的原料制成:冬枣52~54、薏米9~11、小米8~10、牛奶8~10、低聚乳果糖6~8、食盐0.5~0.7、枣叶提取物0.4~0.6、乳酸菌3~5、面包酵母3~5。
2.根据权利要求1所述发酵酥脆冬枣,其特征在于,所述的冬枣,为未完全变红的冬枣鲜果,变红面积为冬枣面积的1/4~1/2。
3.根据权利要求1所述发酵酥脆冬枣,其特征在于,所述的食盐,为无碘食盐。
4.根据权利要求1所述发酵酥脆冬枣,其特征在于,所述的枣叶提取物,是将老枣叶洗净,粉碎,炒至焦香,加入枣叶重量3~5倍量的水,混合均匀,冷冻12~14小时,取出,加热煮沸后,过滤,再次向滤渣中加入滤渣重量30~40倍量的水,于30~32kHz超声13~15分钟,过滤,反复超声3次,合并所有滤液,加热浓缩至体积为原来的1/10,向浓缩后的滤液中缓慢加入体积分数为97~98%的酒精溶液,使酒精的最终体积分数为64~66%,于1~3℃静置30~34小时,过滤,将沉淀烘干至无水分,得枣叶提取物。
5.根据权利要求1所述发酵酥脆冬枣,其特征在于,所述的乳酸菌,经二次活化,活菌数为108~109CFU/ml,由以下重量份的原料制成:德氏乳杆菌26~28、保加利亚乳杆菌17~19、干酪乳杆菌13~15、乳酸链球菌10~11、布氏乳杆菌5~7。
6.一种根据权利要求1所述发酵酥脆冬枣的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)将冬枣洗净,去蒂,去核,打浆,使粒径为60~80目,得冬枣浆;
(2)将薏米和小米洗净,沥水,加入食盐,炒至焦香,使含水量为3~5%,研磨,至粒径为80~100目,得杂粮粉;
(3)将低聚乳果糖加入冬枣浆,搅拌至完全溶解,接入乳酸菌,置于37~39℃发酵8~10小时,得乳酸发酵料;
(4)将杂粮粉和牛奶加入乳酸发酵料,搅拌均匀,接入面包酵母,于23~25℃发酵5~6小时,得酵母发酵料;
(5)将枣叶提取物加入酵母发酵料,混合均匀,挤压至模具中,于-32~-30℃冷冻20~25小时,取出,得冬枣坯;
(6)将冬枣坯冷冻干燥至含水量为3~5%,得发酵酥脆冬枣;
(7)真空包装,辐射杀菌,检验,得成品。
7.根据权利要求6所述发酵酥脆冬枣的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(5)的模具,为冬枣形状。
8.根据权利要求6所述发酵酥脆冬枣的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(6)的冷冻干燥,冷冻温度为-44~-42℃,搁板加热温度为37~39℃。
9.根据权利要求1~8任一项所述发酵酥脆冬枣的食用方法,其特征在于,打开包装即可食用,打开包装后一次未食用完的,密封后进行保存,打开包装后在4天内食用完毕。
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CN106387750A (zh) * | 2016-09-09 | 2017-02-15 | 安徽省怡果生态科技有限公司 | 一种发酵富硒无花果丹 |
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CN107897348A (zh) * | 2017-11-18 | 2018-04-13 | 渠县金穗农业科技有限公司 | 一种新鲜枣子的保存方法 |
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