CN107155605A - The method of thumb watermelon crop rotation - Google Patents
The method of thumb watermelon crop rotation Download PDFInfo
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- CN107155605A CN107155605A CN201710465803.8A CN201710465803A CN107155605A CN 107155605 A CN107155605 A CN 107155605A CN 201710465803 A CN201710465803 A CN 201710465803A CN 107155605 A CN107155605 A CN 107155605A
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- thumb
- watermelon
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- climing
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method of thumb watermelon crop rotation, comprise the following steps：Thumb watermelon seedlings are transplanted into soil, when main stem length is to 25~30 centimetres by tendril carry out hang it is climing；Retain 3~5 healthy and strong lateral bines, when its length is to 25~30 centimetres, progress is hung climing；The lateral bine and blade below n-th true leaf are extractd, and extracts main stem more than the piece true leaf and the old leaf of lateral bine；Pinched respectively when main stem and lateral bine length are to 1.5~1.6m；After the harvesting of thumb watermelon stops garden, clear garden and crop rotation ternip；Above-mentioned thumb watermelon crop rotation, according to the growth characteristics of thumb watermelon, applies the fertilizer of reasonable concentration in corresponding period, and nutrient is provided with the lateral bine for each stage, thus can retain a fairly large number of lateral bine, quality that quantity is born fruit in raising and guarantee is born fruit.It by thumb watermelon and ternip crop rotation, can not only raise the multiple-cropping index, can also destroy the environment of worm sources growth, improve soil fertility structure, promote the reparation of soil environment.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to thumb growth of watermelon field, especially, it is related to a kind of method of thumb watermelon crop rotation.
Background technology
Thumb watermelon (general Jino of wearing) is cucurbitaceous plant, also known as there is caper (mouse melon), Mexico's pickled cucumber
(Mexican sour gherkin), the mini watermelon of Mexico (Mexican miniature watermelon), is to originate in ink
Western brother and the wild fruit in Central America area.Thumb Watermelon Fruit outward appearance is compact, and size is similar with pigeon egg, cherry and tomato, is in
Ellipse, epidermis bottle green is covered with silver-colored green color stripe, and outward appearance is as mini watermelon, and surface is smooth stingless, and interior flesh dark green, crust is soft and smooth
Delicacy, containing abundant vitamin C, potassium and magnesium, mouthfeel is unique, and the delicate fragrance of existing cucumber has the sour-sweet of lemon again, and fruit can be straight
Connect edible.Can also be used to eating raw, green salad, it is cold and dressed with sauce, pickle, preparing cocktail etc..
At present, the cultivation majority of thumb watermelon is also rested in experimental study.And the cultivation of thumb watermelon is substantially single
One cultivation, i.e., every batch is only planted thumb one kind of watermelon.Usually start sowing from mid-April, garden, winter are stopped to late October
It is idle.This planting technology can not sufficiently utilize land resource (November~to the time idle land of about half a year in April), and economical
Benefit is not up to maximization.And the implantation methods of common watermelon are simply applied mechanically more than the planting technology of existing thumb watermelon, stay climing
It is less, cause thumb watermelon result less, and fertilizer application is excessive, fertilizer surplus causes to waste so that overall output ratio is relatively low.
The content of the invention
It is low to solve idle land and thumb watermelon output ratio the invention provides a kind of method of thumb watermelon crop rotation
Technical problem.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows：
A kind of method of thumb watermelon crop rotation, comprises the following steps：
Thumb watermelon seedlings are transplanted into soil, when main stem length is to 25~30 centimetres by tendril carry out hang it is climing.Retain 3
~5 healthy and strong lateral bines, when its length is to 25~30 centimetres, progress is hung climing；Extract the lateral bine and leaf below 15 n-th true leaves
Piece, and extract the main stems more than 15 piece true leaves and the old leaf of lateral bine.Carried out respectively when main stem and lateral bine length are to 1.5~1.6m
Pinch；14 ≤n≤16.
After the harvesting of thumb watermelon stops garden, clear garden and crop rotation ternip.
Wherein, when thumb watermelon plant enters and stretches the climing phase, apply and once stretch climing fertilizer, wherein N P and K NPK 15
~20kg, 10~15kg/667m of Diammonium phosphate (DAP)2.30~40kg/667m of N P and K NPK is applied after bearing fruit2.From after bearing fruit
Every 7~10 days with 25~30L/667m2Amount spray the potassium dihydrogen phosphate or potassium of a mass percent 0.3%~0.5%
Precious solution.
Further, hanging the climing climing frame that hangs used includes column and is arranged on column to hang climing net, and the stock for hanging climing net is thick
0.4~0.6cm.
Further, when planting thumb watermelon, planting site spreads fertilizer over the fields the 800~1000kg/667m of organic fertilizer become thoroughly decomposed2, set
Greenhouse, and planting site is set into furrow, by 500~600kg of rapeseed cake fertilizer, 100~120kg of phosphate fertilizer, N P and K total content 45%
100~120kg/667m of composite fertilizer2Standard basal dressing, dropper, and covering with plastic film are laid on furrow.
Cake fertilizer 75~100kg saturation extracts make root water after fermentation when thumb watermelon seedlings are transplanted, by 1:30~40
Dilution proportion irrigate.
After thumb watermelon seedlings are transplanted 1 week, every mu imposes 3~5kg urea.Preferably, ripe first 15~20 days with 25~
30kg/667m2Amount spray 1：600 alga fertilizer dilution.
Further, the cultivating process of thumb watermelon seedlings comprises the following steps：
Seedbed is set in greenhouse, and seedbed furrow are wide 1.2~1.5 meters, electrical heating wire is set on furrow, and covers 2~4cm successively
Fine earth, the straw of 1.5~2.5cm thickness of thickness.
Choose turf, fiery clay fertilizer and loess and press 1：1：After 1 volume ratio is well mixed, per 1m3Nutrition Soil phosphorate fertilizer 4~
5kg, 100~150g of carbendazim, 100~120ml of metrifonate, are mixed thoroughly, configure Nutrition Soil.
Hole tray is placed on straw, hole tray is shaken, Nutrition Soil is loaded in cavities, and reserve at the top of cavities 1~
1.2cm's is vacant.
Hole tray is irrigated, next day sows the thumb watermelon seed of 0.5~1cm bud length in cavities, and it is thick to cover 1cm~2cm
Loose fine earth or sandy soil, pour one layer of mulch film heat and moisture preserving of water bonnet.
Further, seedling shed is set outside seedbed, day temperature in seedling shed is protected by taking off lid mulch film and electric-heating-wire-heating
Hold in 25~30 DEG C, 18~20 DEG C of night.
The mulch film of correspondence cavities is poked after emerging, allows young plant to grow to outside film.
Emerge to true leaf occur during, ventilation parameters temperature, and coordinate water, spread dry ground regulation Nutrition Soil humidity to
Its color is not existing white.If seedling is thin and weak, foliage spray is carried out with 0.3% urea and 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
Further, when thumb watermelon seedlings length to two leaves wholeheartedly when, select healthy and strong plant, rob fine rupture of membranes band soil mud
Plant, per 1 plant of cave, 20~25cm of spacing in the rows.Planting density is 1500~1800 plants/667m2。
The pollination of thumb watermelon sprays children when female flower is opened using artificial pollination as main Pollination Modes with spirit of bearing fruit
Really, beared fruit with promotion.
Further, clear garden process includes being fumigated 1 time with Cosan, then closes canopy 7~10 days, ternip is Nan Panzhou.
Further, the planting process of ternip includes：
Spread fertilizer over the fields 800~1000kg of decomposed manure, 15~20kg of Diammonium phosphate (DAP), potassium sulfate 15kg/667m2, each furrow edge is indulged
To laying uniform dropper, dropper at intervals of 45~50cm.
The drilling ternip seed in kind of planting ditch, thinning, final singling carries out rich water quality management to ternip and harvested.
Further, the step of drilling radish seed, thinning, final singling, includes：
Vola water is poured, with 700g~1000g/667m2Planting density carry out drilling, after broadcasting, 1~2cm of blinding is spread
Mulch film.
After germination is broken ground, the mulch film in correspondence area is scratched, allows seedling to grow ground.
The thinning 2 times before the heart of 5 leaf of radish seedling 1, and the final singling in 6~7 true leaves, final singling 15~20cm of spacing in the rows, strain of keeping a full stand of seedings
11000~13000 plants/667m of number2。
Further, rich water quality management is applied fertilizer using dropper while watering.
Ternip growth course is topdressed 3~4 times, and in growth early stage, 10~15kg/667m of urea is applied in punching2.Middle and later periods should increase
Apply phosphorus potash fertilizer.Rushed again in radish vigorous period and apply 1 5~10 kilograms/667m of sulphoxylic acid potassium2Or spray 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate leaf
Leaven.
The invention has the advantages that：Above-mentioned thumb watermelon crop rotation, according to the growth characteristics of thumb watermelon, corresponding
Period applies the fertilizer of reasonable concentration.Above-mentioned fertilizer is enough to provide nutrient for the lateral bine in each stage, thus it is more to retain quantity
Lateral bine, raising, which is born fruit, quantity and to be ensured to bear fruit quality.After thumb watermelon hangs climing growth a period of time, n-th is extractd in time
Lateral bine and blade below true leaf, and main stem more than the piece true leaf and the old leaf of lateral bine are extractd, to reduce the consumption of fertilizer.This
Outside, also lateral bine and main stem are pinched, destroys apical dominance, to improve quality and quantity of bearing fruit.Thumb watermelon and ternip kind
Plant season suitable.Born fruit maturation in thumb watermelon, after the completion of harvesting, exactly planting season of ternip.And adopted in ternip
It is the planting season of thumb watermelon after the completion of receipts.By thumb watermelon and ternip crop rotation, scientific and reasonable crop rotation not only can be with
Raise the multiple-cropping index, can also destroy the environment of worm sources growth, improve soil fertility structure, promote the reparation of soil environment.
In addition to objects, features and advantages described above, the present invention also has other objects, features and advantages.
The present invention is further detailed explanation below.
Embodiment
It is described in detail below in conjunction with to embodiments of the invention, but the present invention can be defined by the claims and cover
The multitude of different ways of lid is implemented.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention provide a kind of method of thumb watermelon crop rotation, comprise the following steps：
Thumb watermelon seedlings are transplanted into soil, when main stem length is to 25~30 centimetres by tendril carry out hang it is climing；Retain 3
~5 healthy and strong lateral bines, when its length is to 25~30 centimetres, progress is hung climing.The lateral bine and blade below n-th true leaf are extractd,
And extract main stem more than the piece true leaf and the old leaf of lateral bine；Pinched respectively when main stem and lateral bine length are to 1.5~1.6m.
14≤n ≤16。
After the harvesting of thumb watermelon stops garden, clear garden and crop rotation ternip.
Wherein, when thumb watermelon plant enters and stretches the climing phase, apply and once stretch climing fertilizer, wherein N P and K NPK 15
~20kg, 10~15kg/667m of Diammonium phosphate (DAP)2.30~40kg/667m of N P and K NPK is applied after bearing fruit2, Sui Shuichong applies.
From after bearing fruit every 7~10 days with 25~30L/667m2Amount spray the di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate of a mass percent 0.3%~0.5%
Hydrogen potassium or the precious solution of potassium.
Thumb watermelon seedlings can be by thumb watermelon by general presoaking and germinating step, and sowing, which is grown to, meets transplanting condition
When, transplant into soil.The planting environment of thumb watermelon can plant the also outdoor plantation in general soil in greenhouse.Soil
According to the planting patterns of general watermelon in earth, base manure is applied.Thumb watermelon seedlings transplant into soil growth, main stem growth
During 23~more than 27cm, with preferable climbing power, tendril can hang in its 25~30 centimeter length climing.Hang climing be erected at
By thumb watermelon plant, can be configured according to the climing frame that hangs of general thumb watermelon, such as the crisscross setting of iron wire net or
Yoke.
When plant, which enters, stretches the climing phase, apply and once stretch climing fertilizer, 15~20kg of NPK, 10~15kg/ of Diammonium phosphate (DAP)
667m2；30~40kg/667m of N P and K NPK is applied after bearing fruit2, Sui Shuichong applies.Sprayed from after bearing fruit every 7~10 days
The precious solution of 0.3%~0.5% potassium, can strengthen crop anti-adversity.The consumption of the fertilizer of the present invention is also according to thumb watermelon
Characteristic, be adjusted, that is, ensure that the growth of thumb watermelon, it is superfluous to be unlikely to fertilizer again, causes to waste and increases production
Cost.Potassium treasured is the precious flushing and spreading fertilizer of commercially available potassium.
The invention has the advantages that：Above-mentioned thumb watermelon crop rotation, according to the growth characteristics of thumb watermelon, corresponding
Period applies the fertilizer of reasonable concentration.Above-mentioned fertilizer is enough to provide nutrient for the lateral bine in each stage, thus it is more to retain quantity
Lateral bine, raising, which is born fruit, quantity and to be ensured to bear fruit quality, and one plant of thumb watermelon quantity of bearing fruit can increase by 15~20.In thumb west
Melon was hung after climing growth a period of time, lateral bine and blade below n-th true leaf was extractd in time, and extract master more than the piece true leaf
The old leaf of climing and lateral bine, to reduce the consumption of fertilizer.In addition, also being pinched to lateral bine and main stem, apical dominance is destroyed, to carry
Height is born fruit quality and quantity.Thumb watermelon and ternip planting season are suitable.Born fruit maturation in thumb watermelon, after the completion of harvesting, just
It is the planting season of ternip well.And ternip harvesting after the completion of be thumb watermelon planting season.By thumb watermelon and
Ternip crop rotation, scientific and reasonable crop rotation can not only raise the multiple-cropping index, and can also destroy the environment of worm sources growth, improve soil
Fertility structure, promotes the reparation of soil environment.
Alternatively, hanging the climing climing frame that hangs used includes column and is arranged on column to hang climing net, and the stock for hanging climing net is thick
0.4~0.6cm.
Column is arranged on by thumb watermelon plant, will be hung climing net fixation and is fixed on such as by iron wire on column.Phase
Network structure is formed than being connected using iron wire, is installed quick and convenient.The climing diameter of melon of thumb watermelon is thinner, and about 2~3 millimeters are thick,
When the rope diameter for hanging climing net of its winding is larger, the yield of thumb watermelon can be under some influence.Inventor has found equal
Under the conditions of, when hanging the thick 0.4~0.6cm of stock of climing net, the yield of thumb watermelon is higher.Preferably, the stock for hanging climing net is slightly
0.5cm.Hang climing network optimization and elect nylon wire as, nylon wire is durable, can Reusability reduce cost.Preferably, climing net is hung
Mesh is 4~6cm × 4~6cm, and distance of the lower end away from soil growing surface for hanging climing net is 25~30cm.
Alternatively, when planting thumb watermelon, planting site spreads fertilizer over the fields the 800~1000kg/667m of organic fertilizer become thoroughly decomposed2, set big
Canopy, and planting site is set into furrow, by 500~600kg of rapeseed cake fertilizer, 100~120kg of phosphate fertilizer, N P and K total content 45%
100~120kg/667m of composite fertilizer2Standard basal dressing, dropper, and covering with plastic film are laid on furrow.
Cake fertilizer 75~100kg saturation extracts make root water after fermentation when thumb watermelon seedlings are transplanted, by 1:30~40
Dilution proportion irrigate.
After thumb watermelon seedlings are transplanted 1 week, every mu imposes 3~5kg urea.Preferably, ripe first 15~20 days with 25~
30kg/667m2Amount spray 1：600 alga fertilizer dilution.
Irrigation and drainage condition easily planting site are selected, the 800~1000kg/667m of organic fertilizer become thoroughly decomposed is spread fertilizer over the fields2, can adopt
Turned over rotary tillage mode, it is smooth, build greenhouse.Greenhouse can be set according to actual conditions, such as may be configured as length 30m, width 6m,
High 2.5m specification.
Set furrow, the preferably wide 80~85cm of furrow on soil, the high 10~15cm of furrow, furrow are away from 40~45cm.(planted in the middle of furrow
Growing area) wide 20~25cm, deep 30~40cm ditch are dug, by every 667m2Apply 500~600kg of rapeseed cake fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer 100
~120kg, 100~120kg of composite fertilizer of N P and K total content 45% standard in ditch basal dressing, in order to thumb watermelon into
It is long.Dropper is laid, condition is provided for rich water integrated management so that the automatization level lifting of management, production effect is improved
Rate, while watering strictly controllable with dose, waters and applies fertilizer and be uniform.
Cake fertilizer 75~100kg saturation extracts make root water after fermentation when thumb watermelon seedlings are transplanted, and are extracted by saturation
Liquid：Water=1：30~40 (V：V) dilution proportion is irrigated, and promotes thumb watermelon seedlings root system development, downwards growth.Transplanting one
Zhou Hou, if young plant upgrowth situation is not good, 1 time can be chased after in right amount and carries seed manure, every mu imposes 3~5kg urea.Maturation first 15~20 days can
The instant calcium nitrate of alga fertilizer is imposed, promotes plant strain growth.During alga fertilizer diluent preparing, alga fertilizer：Water=1:600 (volumes
Than).
Alternatively, the cultivating process of thumb watermelon seedlings comprises the following steps：
Seedbed is set in greenhouse, and seedbed furrow are wide 1.2~1.5 meters, electrical heating wire is set on furrow, and covers 2~4cm successively
Fine earth, the straw of 1.5~2.5cm thickness of thickness.
Choose turf, fiery clay fertilizer and loess and press 1：1：After 1 volume ratio is well mixed, per 1m3Nutrition Soil phosphorate fertilizer 4~
5kg, 100~150g of carbendazim, 100~120ml of metrifonate, are mixed thoroughly, configure Nutrition Soil.
Hole tray is placed on straw, hole tray is shaken, Nutrition Soil is loaded in cavities, and reserve at the top of cavities 1~
1.2cm's is vacant.
Hole tray is irrigated, next day sows the thumb watermelon seed of 0.5~1cm bud length in cavities, and it is thick to cover 1cm~2cm
Loose fine earth or sandy soil, pour one layer of mulch film heat and moisture preserving of water bonnet.
Mid or late March starts nursery, using vinyl house electric heating warming seedbed, hole plate seedling growth.Seedbed should be built in greenhouse
It is consistent with the trend of greenhouse at great abundance of sunshine, make wide 1.2~1.5 meters of furrow, thin rake leveling.Uniform laying electrical heating on furrow
Silk, is spaced 10cm or so (70~100w/m2), a thickness about 2~4cm fine earth is covered, the uniform layer overlay on fine earth
Thickness about 2cm straw.Small plastic shed, overlay film insulation are set up on furrow.
Choose turf, fiery clay fertilizer and loess and press 1：1：After 1 volume ratio is well mixed, 1m3Phosphorate 4~5kg of fertilizer, carbendazim
100~150g, 100~120ml of metrifonate, play heap after mixing thoroughly, standby.It is preferred that phosphate fertilizer, carbendazim and metrifonate can be watered uniformly
Spray pattern is added.Hole plate seedling growth is selected, 72 hole disks such as may be selected, the Nutrition Soil prepared is fitted into hole tray.Dress soil with
Put and carry out simultaneously, side rim shakes tightly.Nutrition Soil is underfilled with, and soil loading amount is neatly put, one by one with being advisable from cavities mouthful side 1cm
Mutually nuzzle, space is tamped with fine earth or sandy soil.
The presoaking and germinating of thumb watermelon can be carried out by the way of conventional, as a length of 0.5~1cm of the bud of thumb watermelon seed
When can be sowed.The general Jino of thumb watermelon pendant of the application is introduced by academy of agricultural sciences of Hunan Province from Taiwan, suitable by domestication
Close in locality plantation.Certainly the thumb watermelon of other kinds is used also may be used.Mode is preferably as follows in the application and carries out presoaking and germinating：
Seed soaking is scalded using temperature, 55 DEG C of hot water are poured slowly into, side bevelling is stirred, even water temperature immersion 10min is maintained, main kill plants a sublist
Carry disease germs in face.Stop stirring when water temperature drops to 20 DEG C or so, then soak 4h, clean, wrapped seed with wet towel, it is placed in 25~
Vernalization under the conditions of 30 DEG C.After 24~30h, it can be sowed when 0.5~1cm of most of seed bud length or so.
The hole tray for installing Nutrition Soil is poured permeable by sowing the previous day, and the seed of budding is seeded in hole tray.By seminal root
Point is lowered into hole, and each cavities sows 1, and upper lid 1cm~2cm thick loose fine earth or sandy soil, earthing pour water bonnet one
Layer mulch film heat and moisture preserving.Whole production season uses full-film covering technology, can reach the effect of heat and moisture preserving, and whole process is not required to hoe
Grass, is reduced manually, cost-effective；Pest and disease damage is reduced, crop quality is improved.
Alternatively, seedling shed is set outside seedbed, day temperature in seedling shed is kept by taking off lid mulch film and electric-heating-wire-heating
In 25~30 DEG C, 18~20 DEG C of night.
The mulch film of correspondence cavities is poked after emerging, allows young plant to grow to outside film.
Emerge to true leaf occur during, ventilation parameters temperature, and coordinate water, spread dry ground regulation Nutrition Soil humidity to
Its color is not existing white.If seedling is thin and weak, foliage spray is carried out with 0.3% urea and 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
Small plastic shed is after planting put up, is incubated, it is neat to ensure to emerge.During this Main Means be by taking off in time, Gai Di
Temperature is adjusted in film and electric-heating-wire-heating.Day temperature is maintained at 25~30 DEG C, 18~20 DEG C of night, minimum to be less than 15
℃.The mulch film at correspondence seat is poked in time after emerging, allows young plant to grow to outside film, avoids and open whole mulch film.Emerge to true leaf
During appearance, easy excessive growth should be divulged information in time according to actual conditions, prevent hot and humid, cause seedling excessive growth；Prevent various simultaneously
The generation of sprout term disease, such as samping off.Strengthen seedbed water management, to keep Nutrition Soil is not existing to be advisable in vain, overdrying overly moist is all
It is unfavorable for the growth of young plant.Moisturizing during overdrying, water should in afternoon four of fine day before be advisable；Film should be taken off during overly moist in fine day
Ventilation dewetting, the cloudy day spreads dry ground moisture absorption, reaches that table soil is dry and comfortable and does not show Bai Weidu.Seedling Stage is typically not required to topdress, and is given birth to according to young plant
Long concrete condition sprays foliar fertilizer.Such as melon seedling is thin and weak, can carry out blade face with 0.3% urea and 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and chase after
Fertilizer, it is ensured that seedling robust growth.
Alternatively, when thumb watermelon seedlings length to two leaves wholeheartedly when, select healthy and strong plant, rob fine rupture of membranes balled transplanting,
Per 1 plant of cave, 20~25cm of spacing in the rows.Planting density is 1500~1800 plants/667m2。
The pollination of thumb watermelon sprays children when female flower is opened using artificial pollination as main Pollination Modes with spirit of bearing fruit
Really, beared fruit with promotion.
Late April, when seedling length to 15cm or so (two leaves wholeheartedly when), healthy and strong plant is selected, fine transplanting, rupture of membranes band is robbed
Soil mud is planted, per 1 plant of cave.Each furrow of greenhouse kind 5, hang climing cultivation, and planting density is 1500~1800 plants/667m2, rational close planting.
Thumb watermelon, is difficult to bear fruit.Artificial pollination be main Pollination Modes, appropriate auxiliary bear fruit spirit pollination, that is, exist
With the CPPU medicine liquid spray young fruit of 20mgL~1 when female flower is opened, to promote to bear fruit.
Thumb watermelon has the disease such as the insect pests such as aphid, trialeurodes vaporariorum and powdery mildew, downy mildew in full growing process.It can lead to
The comprehensive preventive health measures such as physics, chemistry, biology are crossed to administer.
10d avoids fertilising, waters and spray before harvesting.Pericarp just softening harvesting in time, according to fruit maturation actual conditions point
Harvesting is criticized, or after being collected after its natural shedding, is eaten raw optimal；Collecting time can continue until mid-October.
Alternatively, clear garden process includes being fumigated 1 time with Cosan, then closes canopy 7~10 days, ternip is Nan Panzhou.
The harvesting of thumb watermelon stops behind garden (about mid-October), and greenhouse is cleared up in time.It is stifling 1 time with Cosan, then close canopy 7
~10 days.
Inventor have selected Nan Panzhou from numerous ternips.Nan Pan continents leaf green, vein light green, leaf margin drastic crack, petiole
Close raw seta.Epidermis is smooth, and lateral bud is few, and skin and flesh is all white, ripe early, and no fiber in bolting evening, resists cold, heat-resisting.And anti-yellowing wither
Disease, growth potential is strong.It is best in quality, prepared food or pickle fragrant and sweet tender and crisp, commodity is splendid, and per mu yield is deep by vast up to 5000kg or so
Peasant household and consumer's likes.
The present invention uses thumb watermelon and ternip Nan Pan continent rotation croppings pattern (annual nothing is idle, and the four seasons produce), not only
It can raise the multiple-cropping index, the environment that destruction worm sources are grown improves soil fertility structure, promotes the reparation of soil environment, effectively
The generation of pest and disease damage is prevented and treated, land resource can also be adequately and reasonably utilized, input cost is reduced, increases farmers' income, is improved
Social benefit.
Alternatively, the planting process of ternip includes：
Spread fertilizer over the fields 800~1000kg of decomposed manure, 15~20kg of Diammonium phosphate (DAP), potassium sulfate 15kg/667m2, each furrow edge horizontal stroke
To the kind planting ditch for taking out 3~5cm, 30~35cm of line-spacing, and uniform dropper is laid along longitudinal direction, dropper at intervals of 45~50cm.
The drilling ternip seed in kind of planting ditch, thinning, final singling carries out rich water quality management to ternip and harvested.
Preferably, furrow are wide 1.8 meters, and the wide ditches of the deep 20~30cm of 25~30cm are dug between each furrow.
Alternatively, the step of drilling radish seed, thinning, final singling, includes：
Vola water is poured, with 700g~1000g/667m2Planting density carry out drilling, after broadcasting, 1~2cm of blinding is spread
Mulch film.
After germination is broken ground, the mulch film in correspondence area is scratched, allows seedling to grow ground.
After germination is broken ground, the mulch film in correspondence area is gently scratched, is careful not to dropper to scratch, allows seedling to grow ground
Face.Thinning 2 times before the heart of 5 leaf 1, prevents the crowded thin and delicate excessive growth of seedling.To final singling during 6~7 true leaves, final singling 15~20cm of spacing in the rows,
11000~13000 plants/667m of strain number of keeping a full stand of seedings2.The whole production season of ternip uses full-film covering technology, can reach heat and moisture preserving
Effect, whole process is not required to hoe up weeds, reduce it is artificial, it is cost-effective；Pest and disease damage is reduced, crop quality is improved.
The thinning 2 times before the heart of 5 leaf of radish seedling 1, and the final singling in 6~7 true leaves, final singling 15~20cm of spacing in the rows, strain of keeping a full stand of seedings
11000~13000 plants/667m of number2。
Alternatively, rich water quality management is applied fertilizer using dropper while watering.
Ternip growth course is topdressed 3~4 times, and in growth early stage, 10~15kg/667m of urea is applied in punching2.Middle and later periods should increase
Apply phosphorus potash fertilizer.Rushed again in radish vigorous period and apply 1 5~10 kilograms/667m of sulphoxylic acid potassium2Or spray 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate leaf
Leaven.
It can accomplish rich water integrated management using drip irrigation system, that is, be applied fertilizer while watering.Ternip drought resistance is weak,
Timely and appropriate discovery fair supply moisture.General Seedling Stage will water less.The rapid expanding stage of fleshy root should sufficiently and evenly pour water, with
Fleshy root is promoted fully to grow up, it is more fertile tender.Stop pouring water within 7~10 days before harvesting, to promote quality and storage property.Nan Pan continents
Growth course is topdressed 3~4 times, in growth early stage, needs nitrogenous fertilizer more, 10~15kg/667m of urea is applied in punching2, may advantageously facilitate battalion
Health is long；Middle and later periods answers increasing application phosphorus potassium fertilizer, to promote the rapid of fleshy root to expand.1 sulphoxylic acid potassium is applied again in radish vigorous period
5~10 kilograms/667m2Or spray 0.5% biphosphate potassium foliage fertilizer to improve the quality of radish.
The disease of ternip mainly has soft rot, Leucoplakia, black spot, virosis, downy mildew etc., insect pest have radish aphid and
Black peach aphid Oeobia undalis, diamondback moth etc..The preventing and treating of pest and disease damage mainly uses integrated pest control in agriculture technology, and biological control is mutually tied with physical control
Close, scientifically and rationally applied chemistry prevention and controls, using and remaining for agricultural chemicals is reduced as far as possible.
Nan Pan is sowed in continent to 60~90d of harvest, when radish fleshy root is fully expanded, should be harvested in time, otherwise easy aging,
Influence its quality.
Embodiment 1
First, the general Jino cultural method of thumb watermelon pendant
(1) greenhouse prepares
A. canopy is built.Irrigation and drainage condition easily planting site are selected, the organic fertilizer 800kg/667m become thoroughly decomposed is spread fertilizer over the fields2, rotation
Plough, it is smooth, build greenhouse (length 30m, width 6m, high 2.5m).
B. furrow, ditch basal dressing are done.5 furrow of each greenhouse setting, the wide 80cm of furrow, the high 10cm of furrow, furrow are away from 40cm.In the middle of furrow
(growing area) digs width 20cm, depth 30cm ditch, by 667m2/ rapeseed cake fertilizer 500kg, phosphate fertilizer 100kg, N P and K total content
45% composite fertilizer 100kg standard basal dressings.
C. dropper, full-film covering are laid.A dropper is laid near every furrow growing area, and whole piece is covered using silverskin
Furrow, to reach the purpose of insulation, moisturizing.
D. the preparation of climing frame is hung.6 high 2m pillars are found per furrow, 5m is spaced, draw steel wire to be fixed.By wide 2m, long 5m, stock
Thick 0.4cm, mesh size 4cm*4cm nylon wire is fixed between steel wire and two columns, and nylon wire lower end is apart from furrow face 25cm
Place.
(2) nurturing staff
A. variety selection.The general Jino of thumb watermelon pendant is introduced by academy of agricultural sciences of Hunan Province from Taiwan, is adapted to by domestication
In locality plantation.
B. seedbed preparation.Mid or late March starts nursery, using vinyl house electric heating warming seedbed, hole plate seedling growth.Seedbed should
Construction is consistent with the trend of greenhouse at greenhouse great abundance of sunshine, makes wide 1.2 meters of furrow, thin rake leveling.Uniform laying electricity on furrow
Heater strip, is spaced 10cm or so (70~100w/m2), a thickness about 2cm fine earth is covered, the uniform layer overlay on fine earth
Thickness about 2cm straw.Small plastic shed, overlay film insulation are set up on furrow.
C. nutritive soil preparation.Choose turf, fiery clay fertilizer and loess and press 1：1：1(V：V：V after ratio) is well mixed, 1m3
Phosphorated fertile 5kg, carbendazim 100g, metrifonate 100ml (being watered even spraying), and heap is played after mixing thoroughly, standby.72 hole disks are selected to educate
Seedling, the Nutrition Soil prepared is fitted into hole tray.Dress soil is carried out simultaneously with putting, and side rim shakes tightly, and soil loading amount is with from mouth side 1cm
It is advisable, neatly puts, mutually nuzzle one by one, space is tamped with fine earth or sandy soil.Sowing the previous day must will install the cave of Nutrition Soil
Disk is irrigated, standby.
D. presoaking and germinating.Seed soaking is scalded using temperature, 55 DEG C of hot water are poured slowly into, bevelling stirring in side maintains even water temperature immersion
10min, main the surface of the seed of killing carries disease germs.Water temperature stops stirring when dropping to 20 DEG C or so, then soaks 4h, cleans, uses wet towel
Seed is wrapped, vernalization under the conditions of being placed in 25 DEG C.After 24h, it can be sowed when 0.5~1cm of most of seed bud length or so.
E. sow.The hole tray for installing Nutrition Soil is poured permeable by sowing the previous day, and the seed of budding is seeded in hole tray.Will
The seed tip of a root is lowered into hole, and each cavities sows 1, and upper lid 1cm thick loose fine earth or sandy soil, earthing pour water bonnet one
Layer mulch film heat and moisture preserving.
F. seedbed management.Small plastic shed is after planting put up, is incubated, it is neat to ensure to emerge.Main Means are to pass through during this
Take off in time, temperature is adjusted in epiphragma and electric-heating-wire-heating.Day temperature is maintained at 25~30 DEG C, 18~20 DEG C of night, minimum
15 DEG C must not be less than.The mulch film at correspondence seat is poked in time after emerging, allows young plant to grow to outside film, avoids and open whole mulch film.
Emerge to true leaf during occurring, easy excessive growth should be divulged information in time according to actual conditions, prevent hot and humid, cause seedling excessive growth；Together
When prevent the generations of various sprout term diseases, such as samping off.Strengthen seedbed water management, to keep Nutrition Soil is not existing to be advisable in vain,
Overdrying overly moist is all unfavorable for the growth of young plant.Moisturizing during overdrying, water should in afternoon four of fine day before be advisable；Should during overly moist
Film ventilation dewetting is taken off in fine day, the cloudy day spreads dry ground moisture absorption, reach that table soil is dry and comfortable and do not show Bai Weidu.Seedling Stage is typically not required to topdress,
The concrete condition grown according to young plant sprays foliar fertilizer.As melon seedling it is thin and weak, can with 0.3% urea and 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate
Carry out foliage spray, it is ensured that seedling robust growth.
(3) transplant in good time
Late April, when seedling length to 15cm or so (two leaves wholeheartedly when), healthy and strong plant is selected, fine transplanting, rupture of membranes band is robbed
Soil mud is planted, per 1 plant of cave.Each furrow of greenhouse kind 5, hang climing cultivation, spacing in the rows 25cm；Per 667m2Density is at 1500 plants.
(4) field management
A. training is hung climing.When main stem length to 25cm starts to hang climing, tendril is gently tied up on nylon wire band.3 are stayed to be good for
Strong lateral bine, is also tied up on nylon wire band when lateral bine length is to 30cm.The lateral bine and leaf below 15 true leaves are extractd in time
Piece, 15 true leaf above masters are climing to be not required to prune again, but needs in time to remove old leaf；Beaten when main stem and lateral bine length are to 1.5m
Top.
B. artificial pollination.Thumb watermelon, is difficult to bear fruit.Artificial pollination is main Pollination Modes, and appropriate auxiliary is beared fruit
Spirit pollination, i.e., use 20mgL when female flower is opened-1CPPU medicine liquid spray young fruit, to promote to bear fruit.
C. rich water integrated management.Cake fertilizer 75kg saturation extracts make root water after being fermented during transplanting, by 1:30 ratios
Dilution is irrigated.1 week backsight young plant upgrowth situation is transplanted, 1 time is chased after in right amount and carries seed manure, every mu imposes 3kg urea；Stretched when plant enters
During the climing phase, apply and once stretch climing fertilizer, N P and K NPK 15kg, Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 10kg/667m2；N P and K three is applied after bearing fruit
Component composite fertilizer 30kg/667m2, Sui Shuichong applies.From after bearing fruit every 7 days with 25L/667m2Amount spray 0.3%% phosphoric acid
Potassium dihydrogen, can strengthen crop anti-adversity.The middle and later periods of cultivation can impose the instant calcium nitrate of alga fertilizer, zinc sulfate etc., promote to plant
Strain growth.
D. pest management.Thumb watermelon has the insect pests such as aphid, trialeurodes vaporariorum and powdery mildew, downy mildew in full growing process
Etc. disease.It can be administered by comprehensive preventive health measures such as physics, chemistry, biologies.
E. timely collecting.10d avoids fertilising, waters and spray before adopting.Pericarp just softening harvesting in time, it is real according to fruit maturation
Border situation is harvested in batches, or after being collected after its natural shedding, is eaten raw optimal；Collecting time can continue until mid-October.
2nd, ternip Nan Pan continents cultural method
(1) greenhouse prepares
A. clear garden, closes canopy.The harvesting of thumb watermelon stops behind garden (about mid-October), and greenhouse is cleared up in time.With Cosan stifling 1
It is secondary, then close canopy 7 days.
B. base manure is spread fertilizer over the fields, furrow are done.Decomposed manure 800kg, Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 15kg, potassium sulfate 15kg/ are spread fertilizer over the fields before site preparation
667m2, rotary tillage, thin rake levels land.Each greenhouse does three furrow, and furrow are wide 1.8 meters, and 30cm depth 20cm ditches are dug between furrow.
(2) sowing prepares
A. kind of a planting ditch is taken out, dropper is spread.After prepartion of land, 3cm rills are laterally taken out, line-spacing 30cm lays 3 droppers per furrow,
It is spaced 45cm.
B. sow, blinding, vola water, drilling, 700g/667m are poured with dropper before spreading sowing2.After seed is broadcast, lid
Native 1cm, spreads white mulch film.
C. rupture of membranes, thinning, final singling.After germination is broken ground, gently scratching the mulch film in correspondence area (should not draw dropper
It is broken), allow seedling to grow ground.Thinning 2 times before the heart of 5 leaf 1, prevents the crowded thin and delicate excessive growth of seedling.It is fixed to final singling during 6~7 true leaves
Seedling spacing in the rows 15cm, 13000 plants/667m of strain number of keeping a full stand of seedings2。
D. rich water quality management.It can accomplish rich water integrated management using drip irrigation system, that is, be applied fertilizer while watering.Ternip
Drought resistance is weak, timely and appropriate discovery fair supply moisture.General Seedling Stage will water less；The rapid expanding stage of fleshy root answers abundant and equal
Pour water evenly, it is more fertile tender to promote fleshy root fully to grow up；Stop pouring water within 7 days before harvesting, to promote quality and resistance to storage
Property.Nan Pan continents growth course is topdressed 3 times, in growth early stage, needs nitrogenous fertilizer more, urea 10kg/667m is applied in punching2, may advantageously facilitate
Nutrient growth；Middle and later periods answers increasing application phosphorus potassium fertilizer, to promote the rapid of fleshy root to expand.1 sulphoxylic acid is applied again in radish vigorous period
5 kilograms/667m of potassium2Or spray 0.5% biphosphate potassium foliage fertilizer to improve the quality of radish.
E. pest management.The disease of ternip mainly has soft rot, Leucoplakia, black spot, virosis, downy mildew etc.,
Insect pest has radish aphid and black peach aphid Oeobia undalis, diamondback moth etc..The preventing and treating of pest and disease damage mainly uses integrated pest control in agriculture technology, biological control
It is combined with physical control, scientifically and rationally applied chemistry prevention and controls, using and remaining for agricultural chemicals is reduced as far as possible.
F. harvesting in time.Nan Pan is sowed in continent to 60~90d of harvest, when radish fleshy root is fully expanded, should be harvested in time,
Otherwise easy aging, influences its quality.
Embodiment 2
First, the general Jino cultural method of thumb watermelon pendant
(1) greenhouse prepares
A. canopy is built.Irrigation and drainage condition easily planting site are selected, the organic fertilizer 1000kg/667m become thoroughly decomposed is spread fertilizer over the fields2, rotation
Plough, it is smooth, build greenhouse (length 30m, width 6m, high 2.5m).
B. furrow, ditch basal dressing are done.5 furrow of each greenhouse setting, the wide 85cm of furrow, the high 15cm of furrow, furrow are away from 45cm.In the middle of furrow
(growing area) digs width 25cm, depth 40cm ditch, by 667m2/ rapeseed cake fertilizer 600kg, phosphate fertilizer 120kg, N P and K total content
45% composite fertilizer 120kg standard basal dressings.
C. dropper, full-film covering are laid.A dropper is laid near every furrow growing area, and whole piece is covered using silverskin
Furrow, to reach the purpose of insulation, moisturizing.
D. the preparation of climing frame is hung.6 high 2m pillars are found per furrow, 5m is spaced, draw steel wire to be fixed.By wide 2m, long 5m, stock
Thick 0.6cm, mesh size 6cm*6cm nylon wire is fixed between steel wire and two columns, and nylon wire lower end is apart from furrow face 30cm
Place.
(2) nurturing staff
A. variety selection.The general Jino of thumb watermelon pendant is introduced by academy of agricultural sciences of Hunan Province from Taiwan, is adapted to by domestication
In locality plantation.
B. seedbed preparation.Mid or late March starts nursery, using vinyl house electric heating warming seedbed, hole plate seedling growth.Seedbed should
Construction is consistent with the trend of greenhouse at greenhouse great abundance of sunshine, makes wide 1.5 meters of furrow, thin rake leveling.Uniform laying electricity on furrow
Heater strip, is spaced 10cm or so (70~100w/m2), a thickness about 4cm fine earth is covered, the uniform layer overlay on fine earth
Thickness about 2cm straw.Small plastic shed, overlay film insulation are set up on furrow.
C. nutritive soil preparation.Choose turf, fiery clay fertilizer and loess and press 1：1：1(V：V：V after ratio) is well mixed, 1m3
Phosphorated fertile 5kg, carbendazim 150g, metrifonate 120ml (being watered even spraying), and heap is played after mixing thoroughly, standby.72 hole disks are selected to educate
Seedling, the Nutrition Soil prepared is fitted into hole tray.Dress soil is carried out simultaneously with putting, and side rim shakes tightly, and soil loading amount is with from mouth side
1.2cm is advisable, and neatly puts, and mutually nuzzles one by one, and space is tamped with fine earth or sandy soil.Sowing the previous day must will install Nutrition Soil
Hole tray irrigate, it is standby.
D. presoaking and germinating.Seed soaking is scalded using temperature, 55 DEG C of hot water are poured slowly into, bevelling stirring in side maintains even water temperature immersion
10min, main the surface of the seed of killing carries disease germs.Water temperature stops stirring when dropping to 20 DEG C or so, then soaks 4h, cleans, uses wet towel
Seed is wrapped, vernalization under the conditions of being placed in 30 DEG C.After 30h, it can be sowed when most of long 1cm of seed bud or so.
E. sow.The hole tray for installing Nutrition Soil is poured permeable by sowing the previous day, and the seed of budding is seeded in hole tray.Will
The seed tip of a root is lowered into hole, and each cavities sows 1, and upper lid 2cm thick loose fine earth or sandy soil, earthing pour water bonnet one
Layer mulch film heat and moisture preserving.
F. seedbed management.Small plastic shed is after planting put up, is incubated, it is neat to ensure to emerge.Main Means are to pass through during this
Take off in time, temperature is adjusted in epiphragma and electric-heating-wire-heating.Day temperature is maintained at 25~30 DEG C, 18~20 DEG C of night, minimum
15 DEG C must not be less than.The mulch film at correspondence seat is poked in time after emerging, allows young plant to grow to outside film, avoids and open whole mulch film.
Emerge to true leaf during occurring, easy excessive growth should be divulged information in time according to actual conditions, prevent hot and humid, cause seedling excessive growth；Together
When prevent the generations of various sprout term diseases, such as samping off.Strengthen seedbed water management, to keep Nutrition Soil is not existing to be advisable in vain,
Overdrying overly moist is all unfavorable for the growth of young plant.Moisturizing during overdrying, water should in afternoon four of fine day before be advisable；Should during overly moist
Film ventilation dewetting is taken off in fine day, the cloudy day spreads dry ground moisture absorption, reach that table soil is dry and comfortable and do not show Bai Weidu.Seedling Stage is typically not required to topdress,
The concrete condition grown according to young plant sprays foliar fertilizer.As melon seedling it is thin and weak, can with 0.3% urea and 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate
Carry out foliage spray, it is ensured that seedling robust growth.
(3) transplant in good time
Late April, when seedling length to 15cm or so (two leaves wholeheartedly when), healthy and strong plant is selected, fine transplanting, rupture of membranes band is robbed
Soil mud is planted, per 1 plant of cave.Each furrow of greenhouse kind 5, hang climing cultivation, spacing in the rows 20cm；Per 667m2Density is at 1800 plants.
(4) field management
A. training is hung climing.When main stem length to 30cm starts to hang climing, tendril is gently tied up on nylon wire band.5 are stayed to be good for
Strong lateral bine, is also tied up on nylon wire band when lateral bine length is to 30cm.The lateral bine and leaf below 15 true leaves are extractd in time
Piece, 15 true leaf above masters are climing to be not required to prune again, but needs in time to remove old leaf；Beaten when main stem and lateral bine length are to 1.6m
Top.
B. artificial pollination.Thumb watermelon, is difficult to bear fruit.Artificial pollination is main Pollination Modes, and appropriate auxiliary is beared fruit
Spirit pollination, i.e., use 20mgL when female flower is opened-1CPPU medicine liquid spray young fruit, to promote to bear fruit.
C. rich water integrated management.Cake fertilizer 100kg saturation extracts make root water after being fermented during transplanting, by 1:40 ratios
Dilution is irrigated.1 week backsight young plant upgrowth situation is transplanted, 1 time is chased after in right amount and carries seed manure, every mu imposes 5kg urea；Stretched when plant enters
During the climing phase, apply and once stretch climing fertilizer, N P and K NPK 20kg, Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 15kg/667m2；N P and K three is applied after bearing fruit
Component composite fertilizer 40kg/667m2, Sui Shuichong applies.From after bearing fruit every 7 days with 30L/667m2Amount to spray 0.5% potassium precious, can
To strengthen crop anti-adversity.The middle and later periods of cultivation can impose the instant calcium nitrate of alga fertilizer, zinc sulfate etc., promote plant strain growth.
D. pest management.Thumb watermelon has the insect pests such as aphid, trialeurodes vaporariorum and powdery mildew, downy mildew in full growing process
Etc. disease.It can be administered by comprehensive preventive health measures such as physics, chemistry, biologies.
E. timely collecting.10d avoids fertilising, waters and spray before adopting.Pericarp just softening harvesting in time, it is real according to fruit maturation
Border situation is harvested in batches, or after being collected after its natural shedding, is eaten raw optimal；Collecting time can continue until mid-October.
2nd, ternip Nan Pan continents cultural method
(1) greenhouse prepares
A. clear garden, closes the harvesting of canopy thumb watermelon and stops behind garden (about mid-October), greenhouse is cleared up in time.With Cosan stifling 1
It is secondary, then close canopy 10 days.
B. base manure is spread fertilizer over the fields, does and decomposed manure 1000kg is spread fertilizer over the fields before furrow site preparation, Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 20kg, potassium sulfate 15kg/
667m2, rotary tillage, thin rake levels land.Each greenhouse does three furrow, and furrow are wide 1.8 meters, and 30cm depth 30cm ditches are dug between furrow.
(2) sowing prepares
A. kind of a planting ditch is taken out, dropper is spread.After prepartion of land, 5cm rills are laterally taken out, line-spacing 35cm lays 3 droppers per furrow,
It is spaced 50cm.
B. sow, blinding, vola water, drilling, 1000g/667m are poured with dropper before spreading sowing2.After seed is broadcast, lid
Native 2cm, spreads white mulch film.
C. rupture of membranes, thinning, final singling.After germination is broken ground, gently scratching the mulch film in correspondence area (should not draw dropper
It is broken), allow seedling to grow ground.Thinning 2 times before the heart of 5 leaf 1, prevents the crowded thin and delicate excessive growth of seedling.It is fixed to final singling during 6~7 true leaves
Seedling spacing in the rows 20cm, 11000 plants/667m of strain number of keeping a full stand of seedings2。
D. rich water quality management.It can accomplish rich water integrated management using drip irrigation system, that is, be applied fertilizer while watering.Ternip
Drought resistance is weak, timely and appropriate discovery fair supply moisture.General Seedling Stage will water less；The rapid expanding stage of fleshy root answers abundant and equal
Pour water evenly, it is more fertile tender to promote fleshy root fully to grow up；Stop pouring water within 7~10 days before harvesting, to promote quality and resistance to
Storage property.Nan Pan continents growth course is topdressed 4 times, in growth early stage, needs nitrogenous fertilizer more, urea 15kg/667m is applied in punching2, be conducive to promoting
Enter nutrient growth；Middle and later periods answers increasing application phosphorus potassium fertilizer, to promote the rapid of fleshy root to expand.1 sulphur is applied again in radish vigorous period
Sour 10 kilograms/667m of potassium2Or spray 0.5% biphosphate potassium foliage fertilizer to improve the quality of radish.
E. pest management.The disease of ternip mainly has soft rot, Leucoplakia, black spot, virosis, downy mildew etc.,
Insect pest has radish aphid and black peach aphid Oeobia undalis, diamondback moth etc..The preventing and treating of pest and disease damage mainly uses integrated pest control in agriculture technology, biological control
It is combined with physical control, scientifically and rationally applied chemistry prevention and controls, using and remaining for agricultural chemicals is reduced as far as possible.
F. harvesting in time.Nan Pan is sowed in continent to 60~90d of harvest, when radish fleshy root is fully expanded, should be harvested in time,
Otherwise easy aging, influences its quality.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention are the foregoing is only, are not intended to limit the invention, for the skill of this area
For art personnel, the present invention can have various modifications and variations.Within the spirit and principles of the invention, that is made any repaiies
Change, equivalent substitution, improvement etc., should be included in the scope of the protection.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of method of thumb watermelon crop rotation, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
Thumb watermelon seedlings are transplanted into soil, when main stem length is to 25~30 centimetres by tendril carry out hang it is climing；Retain 3~5
The healthy and strong lateral bine of root, when its length is to 25~30 centimetres, progress is hung climing；The lateral bine and blade below n-th true leaf are extractd,
And extract the main stem more than the piece true leaf and the old leaf of the lateral bine；When the main stem and the lateral bine length to 1.5~
Pinched respectively during 1.6m；14≤n≤16；
After the harvesting of thumb watermelon stops garden, clear garden and crop rotation ternip；
Wherein, the thumb watermelon plant enter stretch the climing phase when, apply and once stretch climing fertilizer, wherein N P and K NPK 15~
20kg, 10~15kg/667m of Diammonium phosphate (DAP)2；30~40kg/667m of N P and K NPK is applied after bearing fruit2；It is every from after bearing fruit
Every 7~10 days with 25~30L/667m2Amount spray mass percent 0.3%~0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or potassium it is precious
Solution.
2. the method for thumb watermelon crop rotation according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described hang climing used hangs climing frame bag
Include column and the climing net that hangs being arranged on column, the thick 0.4~0.6cm of the stock for hanging climing net.
3. the method for thumb watermelon crop rotation according to claim 1, it is characterised in that
When planting the thumb watermelon, planting site spreads fertilizer over the fields the 800~1000kg/667m of organic fertilizer become thoroughly decomposed2, greenhouse is set, and by institute
State planting site and set furrow, by 500~600kg of rapeseed cake fertilizer, 100~120kg of phosphate fertilizer, N P and K total content 45% composite fertilizer
100~120kg/667m2Standard basal dressing, dropper, and covering with plastic film are laid on furrow；
Cake fertilizer 75~100kg saturation extracts make root water after fermentation when the thumb watermelon seedlings are transplanted, by 1:30~40
Dilution proportion irrigate；
After the thumb watermelon seedlings are transplanted 1 week, every mu imposes 3~5kg urea；Preferably, ripe first 15~20 days with 25~
30kg/667m2Amount spray 1：600 alga fertilizer dilution.
4. the method for thumb watermelon crop rotation according to claim 3, it is characterised in that the cultivation of the thumb watermelon seedlings
Process comprises the following steps：
Seedbed is set in the greenhouse, and the seedbed furrow are wide 1.2~1.5 meters, electrical heating wire set on furrow, and cover 2 successively
Fine earth, the straw of 1.5~2.5cm thickness of~4cm thickness；
Choose turf, fiery clay fertilizer and loess and press 1：1：After 1 volume ratio is well mixed, per 1m3Nutrition Soil phosphorates 4~5kg of fertilizer, many
100~150g of bacterium spirit, 100~120ml of metrifonate, are mixed thoroughly, configure Nutrition Soil；
Hole tray is placed on straw, the hole tray is shaken, Nutrition Soil is loaded in cavities, and 1 is reserved at the top of the cavities
~1.2cm's is vacant；
Irrigate the hole tray, next day sows the thumb watermelon seed of 0.5~1cm bud length in the cavities, and cover 1cm~
2cm thick loose fine earth or sandy soil, pour one layer of mulch film heat and moisture preserving of water bonnet.
5. the method for thumb watermelon crop rotation according to claim 4, it is characterised in that seedling shed is set outside the seedbed,
Day temperature in the seedling shed is set to be maintained at 25~30 DEG C, night 18~20 by taking off the lid mulch film and the electric-heating-wire-heating
℃；
The mulch film of correspondence cavities is poked after emerging, allows young plant to grow to outside film；
During emerging to true leaf and occurring, ventilation parameters temperature, and coordinate water, spread dry ground adjust the humidity of the Nutrition Soil to
Its color is not existing white；If seedling is thin and weak, foliage spray is carried out with 0.3% urea and 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
6. the method for thumb watermelon crop rotation according to claim 5, it is characterised in that
When thumb watermelon seedlings length to two leaves wholeheartedly when, select healthy and strong plant, rob fine rupture of membranes balled transplanting, per 1 plant of cave, spacing in the rows
20~25cm；Planting density is 1500~1800 plants/667m2；
The pollination of the thumb watermelon sprays children when female flower is opened using artificial pollination as main Pollination Modes with spirit of bearing fruit
Really, beared fruit with promotion.
7. the method for thumb watermelon crop rotation according to claim 3, it is characterised in that the clear garden process includes using sulphur
Powder is stifling 1 time, then closes canopy 7~10 days, and the ternip is Nan Panzhou.
8. the method for thumb watermelon crop rotation according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the planting process bag of the ternip
Include：
Spread fertilizer over the fields 800~1000kg of decomposed manure, 15~20kg of Diammonium phosphate (DAP), potassium sulfate 15kg/667m2, longitudinally laying is equal for each furrow
Even dropper, the dropper at intervals of 45~50cm；
The drilling ternip seed in described kind of planting ditch, thinning, final singling carries out rich water quality management to ternip and harvested.
9. the method for thumb watermelon crop rotation according to claim 8, it is characterised in that the drilling radish seed, thinning,
The step of final singling, includes：
Vola water is poured, with 700g~1000g/667m2Planting density carry out drilling, after broadcasting, 1~2cm of blinding spreads mulch film；
After germination is broken ground, the mulch film in correspondence area is scratched, allows seedling to grow ground；
The thinning 2 times before the heart of 5 leaf of radish seedling 1, and the final singling in 6~7 true leaves, final singling 15~20cm of spacing in the rows, strain number of keeping a full stand of seedings
11000~13000 plants/667m2。
10. the method for thumb watermelon crop rotation according to claim 8, it is characterised in that the rich water quality management utilizes dropper
Applied fertilizer while watering；
The ternip growth course is topdressed 3~4 times, and in growth early stage, 10~15kg/667m of urea is applied in punching2；Middle and later periods should increase
Phosphorus potash fertilizer；Rushed again in radish vigorous period and apply 1 5~10 kilograms/667m of sulphoxylic acid potassium2Or spray 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate blade face
Fertilizer.
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Application publication date: 20170915 |