CN107141056B - Chinese orchid culture medium, preparation method thereof and Chinese orchid culture method - Google Patents
Chinese orchid culture medium, preparation method thereof and Chinese orchid culture method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107141056B CN107141056B CN201710273739.3A CN201710273739A CN107141056B CN 107141056 B CN107141056 B CN 107141056B CN 201710273739 A CN201710273739 A CN 201710273739A CN 107141056 B CN107141056 B CN 107141056B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
Abstract
The invention discloses a Chinese orchid culture medium, a preparation method thereof and a Chinese orchid culture method, wherein the Chinese orchid culture medium comprises peanut shells, purple sand shale, poplar barks, coconut coir, turfy soil, a fertilizer and a microbial solution; the microbial liquid comprises penicillium, micrococcus luteus, leuconostoc mesenteroides and bacillus licheniformis.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agriculture, in particular to a Chinese orchid culture medium, a preparation method thereof and a Chinese orchid culture method.
Background
Orchids can be classified into cymbidium and orchids according to their origin, and the primordial species of cymbidium grow mainly in tropical rainforests and often attach to the trunk or between the cliffs. The cymbidium refers to the terrestrial cymbidium growing in the soil in the cymbidium of Orchidaceae.
The research on orchids in China mainly focuses on aspects such as morphology, taxonomy, tissue culture and rapid propagation technology, and the research on the aspect of the relationship between environmental factors and orchid growth mechanisms is less. However, orchid has special requirements on the growth environment, so that environmental factors are very important for the cultivation of orchid.
In the literature, "research progress of influence of environmental factors on growth mechanism of orchid and peanut" in Zhangzhou professor of teaching of Zhangzhou professor, it is disclosed that environmental factors influencing growth of orchid include temperature, relative humidity, culture medium, illumination and the like. The temperature, the relative humidity, the illumination and the like have important influences on flower bud formation, organic matter accumulation, pollination rate and the like of the Chinese orchid. The culture medium of the Chinese orchid decisively influences the proliferation rate, the flowering rate, the transplanting survival rate and the like of new buds and new roots.
The cultivation medium of the Chinese orchid basically comprises fertilizers, the fertilizers for the orchid are mainly nitrogen fertilizers, phosphorus fertilizers and potassium fertilizers, and the use amounts and the proportions of the nitrogen fertilizers, the phosphorus fertilizers and the potassium fertilizers have important influences on the growth cycle, the disease resistance, the photosynthetic rate, the nutrient storage and the like of the Chinese orchid.
In the cultivation of Chinese orchid, the prevention of diseases is an important link, orchid blight is a disease which is easy to obtain, and the pathogenic bacteria of the orchid blight is fusarium oxysporum. Fusarium oxysporum is a worldwide distributed soil-borne pathogenic fungus. The main method for preventing orchid diseases in the market at present is to spray a bactericide, but the bactericide is composed of chemical components, has toxicity and is harmful to human bodies, so that the bactericide is harmful to cultivators. Therefore, it is of great interest to use a method for preventing fusarium oxysporum from attacking the national orchid without spraying a sterilizing agent. As is well known, inhibition or promotion relationship exists among strains, so that a microbial inoculum can be added into a culture medium to inhibit the growth of fusarium oxysporum so as to achieve the aim. According to the study on the inhibition effect of penicillium, a defensive line strain and lime water on fusarium oxysporum disclosed in the Chinese agronomy report, we can know that the penicillium can inhibit the fusarium oxysporum, the spore germination inhibition rate of the penicillium on the fusarium oxysporum is 71.97%, but the inhibition rate of the penicillium on the fusarium oxysporum is still not high enough. However, the bacteriostatic ability of the strain is not only related to the strain per se, but also has a great relationship with the growth environment.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, provides a Chinese orchid culture medium, a preparation method thereof and a Chinese orchid culture method, and solves the problems in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the cymbidium cultivation medium comprises peanut shells, purple sand shale, poplar barks, coconut coir, turfy soil, fertilizers and microbial inoculum;
the microbial liquid comprises penicillium, micrococcus luteus, leuconostoc mesenteroides and bacillus licheniformis.
As a preferable mode, the culture substrate comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40-60 parts of peanut shells, 15-35 parts of purple sand shale, 1-5 parts of poplar barks, 3-10 parts of coconut coir, 1-10 parts of turfy soil, 0.1-0.8 part of microbial liquid and 0.1-0.8 part of fertilizer;
the microbial liquid comprises 100-500 ten thousand cfu/ml of penicillium, 100-500 ten thousand cfu/ml of micrococcus luteus, 100-500 ten thousand cfu/ml of leuconostoc mesenteroides and 100-500 ten thousand cfu/ml of bacillus licheniformis.
As a preferable mode, the culture substrate comprises the following components in parts by weight: 57 parts of peanut shell, 30 parts of purple sand shale, 2 parts of poplar bark, 5 parts of coconut husk, 5 parts of turfy soil, 0.5 part of fertilizer and 0.5 part of microbial solution;
the microbial liquid comprises 100-500 ten thousand cfu/ml of penicillium, 100-500 ten thousand cfu/ml of micrococcus luteus, 100-500 ten thousand cfu/ml of leuconostoc mesenteroides and 100-500 ten thousand cfu/ml of bacillus licheniformis, and the corresponding weight ratio is 1:1:1: 1.
The preparation method of the Chinese orchid culture medium comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing materials: weighing peanut shells, purple sand shale, poplar barks, coconut coir, microbial inoculum, fertilizer and turfy soil according to the proportion of claims 1-3, uniformly mixing, adding water and adjusting into a culture medium, wherein the water content is 40-50%;
(2) bagging: bagging the culture medium to obtain the Chinese orchid culture medium.
The cultivation method of Chinese orchid comprises the following steps:
(1) seed selection:
selecting healthy orchid plants with complete and robust root systems and complete leaves;
(2) planting, wherein the Chinese orchid culture substrate of any one of claims 1 to 3 is used for planting:
filling 1/5-1/4 of the large cultivating substrate to the height of the pot as a drainage layer;
pinching 2cm of the bulb of the oldest seedling of the orchid plant to be planted by the thumb and the forefinger of the left hand, putting the bulb into a flowerpot, pressing the edge of the orchid pot by the palm of the left hand, and adjusting the root of the orchid plant to be evenly placed by the right hand by using a small stick; filling the thick culture medium to 1/2 of the pot;
lightly beating the middle part of the pot with the right palm, adjusting the planting height of orchid seedlings to be 2cm lower than that of the orchid pot with the left hand, filling the medium-sized coarse culture medium to 3/4, and shaking the orchid pot or beating the pot wall to enable the plant material to be in close contact with orchid roots;
filling the fine culture medium to be 1-2 cm lower than the pot mouth;
(3) irrigating roots with clear water to the bottom of the pot on the next day after planting, and transferring into a shading shed after flowing out clear water;
(4) and (4) transplanting for 15-20 days, and switching to daily management, wherein the pots are not changed during 2 years of planting.
As a preferable mode, the planting time is spring or autumn, and 3-5 seedlings are planted as a single cluster.
As a preferable mode, the orchid pot is a special orchid pot with the caliber of 18-25 cm, and a bottom hole at the bottom of the orchid pot is covered by a gauze or a foam block with the diameter of 4-6 cm or a hydrophobic breathable cover is placed on the bottom hole.
As a preferable mode, the daily management includes:
illumination management: the orchid is resistant to shade, avoids direct strong light, and keeps the illumination intensity at 7000-15000 LUX;
temperature management: keeping the ambient temperature at 15-25 ℃;
water quality management: watering with clean, slightly acid, pH 6.2-6.8 water.
The fertilizer is a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer.
In the invention, the microbial inoculum is utilized in the culture medium to improve the antagonistic capability of the cymbidium sinense, thereby greatly reducing the prevalence rate of the cymbidium sinense. The existence of the penicillium inhibits the fusarium oxysporum, and the inhibition capability of the penicillium to the fusarium oxysporum is improved by building a good metabolic environment for the penicillium. And the bacillus licheniformis and the leuconostoc mesenteroides have the capability of antagonizing pathogenic bacteria, and the cooperation of the bacillus licheniformis and the leuconostoc mesenteroides respectively reduces the disease rate of orchid southern blight and orchid anthracnose.
Detailed Description
The present invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a Chinese orchid cultivation substrate, a preparation method thereof and a Chinese orchid cultivation method, and the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following examples.
The cultivation method of Chinese orchid comprises the following steps:
(1) seed selection: selecting healthy orchid plants with complete and robust root systems and complete leaves;
(2) planting: planting with a Chinese orchid culture medium: filling 1/5-1/4 of the large cultivating substrate to the height of the pot as a drainage layer; pinching 2cm of the bulb of the oldest seedling of the orchid plant to be planted by the thumb and the forefinger of the left hand, putting the bulb into a flowerpot, pressing the edge of the orchid pot by the palm of the left hand, and adjusting the root of the orchid plant to be evenly placed by the right hand by using a small stick; filling the thick culture medium to 1/2 of the pot; lightly beating the middle part of the pot with the right palm, adjusting the planting height of orchid seedlings to be 2cm lower than that of the orchid pot with the left hand, filling the medium-sized coarse culture medium to 3/4, and shaking the orchid pot or beating the pot wall to enable the plant material to be in close contact with orchid roots; filling the fine culture medium to be 1cm lower than the pot mouth; the planting time is spring or autumn, and 4 seedlings are planted as a single cluster; the orchid pot is a special orchid pot with the caliber of 25 cm, and the bottom hole of the bottom of the orchid pot is covered by gauze or a foam block with the diameter of 5cm or a hydrophobic breathable cover is placed on the bottom hole of the orchid pot.
(3) Irrigating roots with clear water to the bottom of the pot on the next day after planting, and transferring into a shading shed after flowing out clear water;
(4) planting for 20d, and not changing the pot during 2 years; direct strong light is avoided during 2 years of planting, and the illumination intensity is kept at 10000 LUX; maintaining the ambient temperature at 20 ℃; watering with clean, slightly acid, pH 6.5 water.
Example 1
The cymbidium cultivation medium comprises 57 parts of peanut shells, 30 parts of purple sand shale, 2 parts of poplar barks, 5 parts of coconut chaff, 5 parts of turfy soil, 0.5 part of fertilizer and 0.5 part of microbial solution;
the microbial liquid comprises 200 ten thousand cfu/ml of penicillium, 200 ten thousand cfu/ml of micrococcus luteus, 200 ten thousand cfu/ml of leuconostoc mesenteroides and 200 ten thousand cfu/ml of bacillus licheniformis.
Example 2
The cymbidium cultivation medium comprises 40 parts of peanut shells, 15 parts of purple sand shale, 1 part of poplar barks, 3 parts of coconut chaff, 1 part of turfy soil, 0.1 part of microbial inoculum and 0.1 part of fertilizer;
the microbial liquid comprises 200 ten thousand cfu/ml of penicillium, 200 ten thousand cfu/ml of micrococcus luteus, 200 ten thousand cfu/ml of leuconostoc mesenteroides and 200 ten thousand cfu/ml of bacillus licheniformis.
Example 3
The cymbidium cultivation medium comprises 60 parts of peanut shells, 35 parts of purple sand shale, 5 parts of poplar barks, 10 parts of coconut chaff, 10 parts of turfy soil, 0.8 part of microbial inoculum and 0.8 part of fertilizer;
the microbial liquid comprises 200 ten thousand cfu/ml of penicillium, 200 ten thousand cfu/ml of micrococcus luteus, 200 ten thousand cfu/ml of leuconostoc mesenteroides and 200 ten thousand cfu/ml of bacillus licheniformis.
Example 4
The cymbidium cultivation medium comprises 57 parts of peanut shells, 30 parts of purple sand shale, 2 parts of poplar barks, 5 parts of coconut chaff, 5 parts of turfy soil, 0.5 part of fertilizer and 0.5 part of microbial solution;
the microbial liquid comprises 100 ten thousand cfu/ml of penicillium, 100 ten thousand cfu/ml of micrococcus luteus, 100 ten thousand cfu/ml of leuconostoc mesenteroides and 100 ten thousand cfu/ml of bacillus licheniformis.
Example 5
The cymbidium cultivation medium comprises 57 parts of peanut shells, 30 parts of purple sand shale, 2 parts of poplar barks, 5 parts of coconut chaff, 5 parts of turfy soil, 0.5 part of fertilizer and 0.5 part of microbial solution;
the microbial liquid comprises 500 ten thousand cfu/ml of penicillium, 500 ten thousand cfu/ml of micrococcus luteus, 500 ten thousand cfu/ml of leuconostoc mesenteroides and 500 ten thousand cfu/ml of bacillus licheniformis.
Example 6
The cymbidium cultivation medium comprises 57 parts of peanut shells, 30 parts of purple sand shale, 2 parts of poplar barks, 5 parts of coconut chaff, 5 parts of turfy soil, 0.5 part of fertilizer and 0.5 part of microbial solution;
the microbial liquid comprises 200 ten thousand cfu/ml of penicillium, 200 ten thousand cfu/ml of leuconostoc mesenteroides and 200 ten thousand cfu/ml of bacillus licheniformis.
Example 7
The cymbidium cultivation medium comprises 57 parts of peanut shells, 30 parts of purple sand shale, 2 parts of poplar barks, 5 parts of coconut chaff, 5 parts of turfy soil, 0.5 part of fertilizer and 0.5 part of microbial solution;
the microbial liquid comprises 200 ten thousand cfu/ml of penicillium, 200 ten thousand cfu/ml of micrococcus luteus and 200 ten thousand cfu/ml of bacillus licheniformis.
Example 8
The cymbidium cultivation medium comprises 57 parts of peanut shells, 30 parts of purple sand shale, 2 parts of poplar barks, 5 parts of coconut chaff, 5 parts of turfy soil, 0.5 part of fertilizer and 0.5 part of microbial solution;
the microbial liquid comprises 200 ten thousand cfu/ml of penicillium, 200 ten thousand cfu/ml of micrococcus luteus and 200 ten thousand cfu/ml of leuconostoc mesenteroides.
Example 9
The cymbidium cultivation medium comprises 57 parts of peanut shells, 30 parts of purple sand shale, 2 parts of poplar barks, 5 parts of coconut coir, 5 parts of turfy soil and 0.5 part of fertilizer.
The microbial liquid comprises 200 ten thousand cfu/ml of penicillium.
Example 10
The cymbidium cultivation medium comprises 57 parts of peanut shells, 30 parts of purple sand shale, 2 parts of poplar barks, 5 parts of coconut coir, 5 parts of turfy soil and 0.5 part of fertilizer.
Example 11
The Chinese orchid culture medium comprises 57 parts of peanut shells, 30 parts of purple sand shale, 2 parts of poplar barks, 5 parts of coconut chaff, 5 parts of turfy soil, 0.5 part of fertilizer and 0.5 part of dikesong. In the embodiment, the dixon is used as an agent for preventing diseases and insect pests.
It is to be emphasized that the fertilizers described in examples 1-11 are nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers.
Examples of the experiments
The cultivated species: snow orchid (the snow orchid belongs to the common species of the Chinese orchid and is represented by the snow orchid),
the test method comprises the following steps: by using the method for cultivating the Chinese orchid, 200 plants are cultivated in the cultivation medium in each of the embodiments 1-11, and the cultivation results are as follows:
results 1:
in summary, the following steps: under the environment of micrococcus luteus, bacillus licheniformis and leuconostoc mesenteroides, the penicillium has the best inhibition effect on fusarium oxysporum, so that orchid cannot suffer from wilt; in the planting process, the cooperation of micrococcus luteus and bacillus licheniformis is found to kill and inhibit fungi of deuteromycotina, pathogenic bacteria of southern blight, so that the prevalence rate of southern blight of orchid is reduced. Meanwhile, the cooperation of micrococcus luteus and leuconostoc mesenteroides can reduce the disease rate of orchid anthracnose. The microorganism in the microorganism liquid can improve the sprouting rate, and the sprouting rate is highest when the proportion is reasonable.
Results 2:
in conclusion, the statistical analysis and comparison of the plant height, the root number, the root length, the leaf length and the leaf width of the plant before and after planting are found, and the Chinese orchid planting method provided by the invention enables the plant to have good growth vigor and all indexes to be higher. The method of the invention is beneficial to the growth of orchid and has faster growth.
The invention is well implemented in accordance with the above-described embodiments. It should be noted that, based on the above structural design, in order to solve the same technical problems, even if some insubstantial modifications or colorings are made on the present invention, the adopted technical solution is still the same as the present invention, and therefore, the technical solution should be within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The cymbidium culture medium is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 40-60 parts of peanut shells, 15-35 parts of purple sand shale, 1-5 parts of poplar barks, 3-10 parts of coconut coir, 1-10 parts of turfy soil, 0.1-0.8 part of microbial liquid and 0.1-0.8 part of fertilizer;
the microbial liquid comprises 100-500 ten thousand cfu/ml of penicillium, 100-500 ten thousand cfu/ml of micrococcus luteus, 100-500 ten thousand cfu/ml of leuconostoc mesenteroides and 100-500 ten thousand cfu/ml of bacillus licheniformis, and the corresponding weight ratio is 1:1:1: 1.
2. The cymbidium cultivation medium according to claim 1, characterized in that the cultivation medium comprises the following components in parts by weight: 57 parts of peanut shell, 30 parts of purple sand shale, 2 parts of poplar bark, 5 parts of coconut husk, 5 parts of turfy soil, 0.5 part of fertilizer and 0.5 part of microbial solution;
the microbial liquid comprises 100-500 ten thousand cfu/ml of penicillium, 100-500 ten thousand cfu/ml of micrococcus luteus, 100-500 ten thousand cfu/ml of leuconostoc mesenteroides and 100-500 ten thousand cfu/ml of bacillus licheniformis, and the corresponding weight ratio is 1:1:1: 1.
3. The preparation method of the cymbidium culture medium according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) mixing materials: the peanut shell, the purple sand shale, the poplar bark, the coconut coir, the microbial liquid, the fertilizer and the turfy soil are weighed according to the proportion of claim 1, mixed uniformly and then added with water to be adjusted into the culture medium, wherein the water content is 40-50%;
(2) bagging: bagging the culture medium to obtain the Chinese orchid culture medium.
4. The cultivation method of Chinese orchid is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) seed selection:
selecting healthy orchid plants with complete and robust root systems and complete leaves;
(2) planting, wherein the Chinese orchid culture substrate of any one of claims 1-2 is used for planting:
filling 1/5-1/4 of the large cultivating substrate to the height of the pot as a drainage layer;
pinching 2cm of the bulb of the oldest seedling of the orchid plant to be planted by the thumb and the forefinger of the left hand, putting the bulb into a flowerpot, pressing the edge of the orchid pot by the palm of the left hand, and adjusting the root of the orchid plant to be evenly placed by the right hand by using a small stick; filling the thick culture medium to 1/2 of the pot;
lightly beating the middle part of the pot with the right palm, adjusting the planting height of orchid seedlings to be 2cm lower than that of the orchid pot with the left hand, filling the medium-sized coarse culture medium to 3/4, and shaking the orchid pot or beating the pot wall to enable the plant material to be in close contact with orchid roots;
filling the fine culture medium to be 1-2 cm lower than the pot mouth;
(3) irrigating roots with clear water to the bottom of the pot on the next day after planting, and transferring into a shading shed after flowing out clear water;
(4) and (4) transplanting for 15-20 days, and switching to daily management, wherein the pots are not changed during 2 years of planting.
5. A cymbidium cultivation method according to claim 4, characterized in that the planting time is spring or autumn, and 3-5 seedlings are planted as a single bunch.
6. The cymbidium cultivation method according to claim 4, characterized in that the cymbidium pot is a special cymbidium pot with the caliber of 18-25 cm, and the bottom hole of the bottom of the cymbidium pot is covered or provided with a hydrophobic air-permeable cover by gauze/foam block with the diameter of 4-6 cm.
7. The cymbidium cultivation method according to claim 4, wherein the daily management comprises:
illumination management: the orchid is resistant to shade, avoids direct strong light, and keeps the illumination intensity at 7000-15000 LUX;
temperature management: keeping the ambient temperature at 15-25 ℃;
water quality management: watering with clean, slightly acid, pH 6.2-6.8 water.
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