CN107135885A - A kind of method for culturing seedlings for improving plant percent - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides a method for raising seedlings to improve the survival rate of seedlings, comprising the following steps: (1) Seed treatment: a. Put the seeds in warm water at 50-55°C for 10-15 minutes, and keep stirring during this period to remove the seeds Impurities and shriveled seeds; b. Soak the seeds in a sterilizing solution for 3-5 hours and then take them out, wash them with clear water until the skin of the seedling seeds is free of mucus; c. irradiate the seeds soaked in step b with an ultraviolet lamp for 10-20 minutes Finally, soak the salicylic acid solution with a concentration of 20-40mg/L for 4-6 hours; d. wrap the seeds with a wet towel soaked in gibberellin, germination agent and plant growth regulator, and the thickness of the package is 1-1.5 cm; stored in an incubator at 21-26°C for 10 days, then set the temperature of the incubator at 2-4°C, and stored for 15 days; (2) Seedling cultivation: a. Prepare seedling substrate; b. Sow seedlings. The invention can improve the seed germination rate and germination rate of seedlings, and increase the survival rate of planting seedlings.

Description

A seedling raising method for improving the survival rate of seedlings

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of seedling cultivation, in particular to a seedling raising method for improving the survival rate of seedlings.

Background technique

The technology and method of seedling planting should be widely used in garden engineering. In order to improve the ecological environment, my country has successively launched key projects such as Tianbao, Sanbei, and returning farmland to forests in the past ten years, and the forest coverage rate has increased year by year. In terms of forestry afforestation, since key projects with good site conditions have been given priority, most of the remaining implementation plots are arid places with poor site conditions. In the seedling raising and planting of seedlings, the root system of seedlings cannot take root due to improper seed treatment, geological soil compaction, poor water permeability or impermeability; or due to drought, less rain, low temperature, low air humidity and other reasons, the survival rate of seedlings is low. , which has brought unprecedented difficulties to forestry, how to improve the survival rate of afforestation is a problem facing reality.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a seedling raising method that improves the survival rate of seedlings aiming at the problems of the prior art. The method can improve the seed germination rate and germination rate of seedlings, and increase the survival rate of planting seedlings.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

A method for raising seedlings that improves the survival rate of seedlings, comprising the following steps:

(1) Seed treatment

a. Put the seeds in warm water at 50-55°C for 10-15 minutes, stirring continuously to remove impurities and shriveled seeds;

b. Soak the seeds in sterilizing solution for 3-5 hours, take them out, and wash them with clean water until the seedlings have no mucus on their skins;

c. After irradiating the seeds soaked in step b with an ultraviolet lamp for 10-20 minutes, soak them in a salicylic acid solution with a concentration of 20-40mg/L for 4-6 hours;

d. Wrap the seeds with a wet towel soaked in gibberellin, germination agent and plant growth regulator, the thickness of the package is 1-1.5cm; put it into an incubator at 21-26°C for 10 days, and then set the temperature of the incubator to 2-4℃, store for 15 days;

(2) Nursing

a. Preparation of seedling substrate

First, humus, vermiculite, garden soil and pig manure are mixed in a weight ratio of 5:3:2:2 to prepare a seedling substrate, and the seedling substrate is mixed evenly for use; then chitosan oligosaccharide, sodium decane sulfonate and Sodium p-hydroxybenzoate is added to the seedling-growing substrate at a weight ratio of 80:1:20, mixed and stirred evenly; then 0.2% thiophanate-methyl solution is evenly sprayed on the seedling-raising substrate for sterilizing treatment.

b. Sowing seedlings

Sow the seeds treated in step (1) into the seedling medium, the row spacing of sowing is 10-15cm, and the plant spacing is 3-5cm; after covering the soil, spray the soil surface with 600-800 times liquid of the new high-fat film, and cover the sunshade net to avoid Irradiated by strong light, keep the moisture content of the seedling substrate at 60-70%; control the light intensity to 1200-1400LX, the light time to 8 hours/day, and the temperature to 15-20°C.

Further, the sterilizing solution in the step (1) is a 50-fold dilution of 50% sodium chlorate.

Further, in the step (1), after step c is completed, put the seeds into an ultrasonic cleaner for ultrasonic treatment for 30-60 minutes, and control the temperature fluctuation within 3°C during the treatment.

Further, in the step (1), the mass fraction of gibberellin is 0.07%.

Further, in the step (1), the germination agent includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2-4 parts of nano-silver, 1-2 parts of nano-titanium oxide, 0.6-2 parts of tourmaline, 0.4-1 part of bamboo carbon, 1 part of zeolite -2 parts and phosphate rock 2-4 parts.

Further, in the step (1), when the ultraviolet lamp is irradiated, the distance from the seeds of the seedlings is 60-70cm, and the power is 40-60W.

Further, in the step (2), the nutrient solution is evenly sprayed into the seedling-growing substrate, and the preparation method of the nutrient solution is as follows:

a. mixing NAA with a concentration of 0.3-0.5ppm, indolebutyric acid with a concentration of 0.3-0.5ppm and zeatin with a concentration of 0.2ppm to obtain a mixed solution;

b. adding a concentration of 5% ethanol solution to the mixed solution and set the volume to 1L, and make it into a nutrient solution mother solution for subsequent use;

c. Dissolving 10ml of nutrient solution mother solution and 2-3g of Ca(NO ₃ ) ₂ in 10L of water to obtain the nutrient solution.

Further, in the step (2), the nutrient solution is sprayed into the seedling raising substrate every 2-3 days after sowing.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

The present invention scalds seeds, sterilizes them, irradiates them with ultraviolet rays, and wraps them with wet towels soaked in germination agents and growth regulators before sowing, so as to promote cell protoplasm flow, improve cell viability, promote cell division, break seed dormancy, and make Germination rate, germination vigor and germination index were all improved. Reasonably configure the seedling substrate before sowing, among which humus and pig manure provide sufficient nutrient supply for the seedlings, while vermiculite ensures the air permeability of the seedling substrate and maintains sufficient moisture for the substrate, and adopts Appropriate temperature and light treatment can improve germination potential, germination index and seedling survival rate; oligochitosan, sodium decane sulfonate and sodium p-hydroxybenzoate can induce plant disease resistance, and are effective against a variety of fungi, bacteria and The virus produces immunity and killing effects, and has a good control effect on various seedling diseases. After sowing and covering soil, spray the soil surface with new high-fat film 600-800 times liquid, and cover the sunshade net to control the light time and light intensity, which can keep moisture and prevent water evaporation, sun protection and drought resistance, heat preservation and antifreeze, prevent soil layer compaction, suffocation and isolation of pests Source, improve seedling emergence rate and survival rate.

detailed description

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiment.

Example 1

A method for raising seedlings that improves the survival rate of seedlings, comprising the following steps:

(1) Seed treatment

a. Blanch the seeds in warm water at 55°C for 10 minutes, stirring continuously to remove impurities and shriveled seeds;

b. Take out after soaking the seeds in sterilizing solution for 5 hours, and wash them with clear water until the epidermis of seedling seeds is free of mucus; the sterilizing solution is a 50-fold dilution of 50% sodium chlorate.

c. the seeds soaked in step b were irradiated with an ultraviolet lamp for 20 minutes, and the distance between the ultraviolet lamp and the seedling seeds was 70cm, and the power was 60W. Then soak in 40 mg/L salicylic acid solution for 6 hours; put the seeds in an ultrasonic cleaner for 60 minutes of ultrasonic treatment, and control the temperature fluctuation within 3°C during treatment.

d. Wrap the seeds with a wet towel soaked in gibberellin, germination agent and plant growth regulator, the mass fraction of gibberellin is 0.07%, and the thickness of the package is 1.5cm; put into 26 ℃ incubator and store for 10 days, Then set the incubator temperature to 4°C and store for 15 days;

The germination agent includes the following raw materials by weight: 4 grams of nano-silver, 2 grams of nano-titanium oxide, 2 grams of tourmaline, 1 gram of bamboo carbon, 2 grams of zeolite and 4 grams of phosphate rock.

(2) Nursing

a. Preparation of seedling substrate

First, humus, vermiculite, garden soil and pig manure are mixed in a weight ratio of 5:3:2:2 to prepare a seedling substrate, and the seedling substrate is mixed evenly for use; then chitosan oligosaccharide, sodium decane sulfonate and Sodium p-hydroxybenzoate is added to the seedling-growing substrate at a weight ratio of 80:1:20, mixed and stirred evenly; then 0.2% thiophanate-methyl solution is evenly sprayed on the seedling-raising substrate for sterilizing treatment.

Evenly spray the nutrient solution in the seedling-growing substrate, and the preparation method of the nutrient solution is:

a. the naphthalene acetic acid with a concentration of 0.5ppm, the indolebutyric acid with a concentration of 0.5ppm and the zeatin with a concentration of 0.2ppm are mixed to obtain a mixed solution;

b. adding a concentration of 5% ethanol solution to the mixed solution and set the volume to 1L, and make it into a nutrient solution mother solution for subsequent use;

c. Dissolve 10ml of nutrient solution mother solution and 3g of Ca(NO ₃ ) ₂ in 10L of water to obtain the nutrient solution.

b. Sowing seedlings

Sow the seeds treated in step (1) into the seedling medium, the row spacing of sowing is 15cm, and the plant spacing is 3cm; after covering the soil, spray the soil surface with 800 times liquid of new high-fat film, and cover the sunshade net to avoid being irradiated by strong light and keep The moisture content of the seedling substrate is 70%; the control light intensity is 1400LX, the light time is 8 hours/day, and the temperature is 20°C. After sowing, the nutrient solution was sprayed into the seedling raising substrate every 3 days.

Example 2

A method for raising seedlings that improves the survival rate of seedlings, comprising the following steps:

(1) Seed treatment

a. Blanch the seeds in warm water at 50°C for 15 minutes, stirring continuously to remove impurities and shriveled seeds;

b. Soak the seeds in a sterilizing solution for 3 hours, then take them out, and wash them with clear water until the skin of the seedling seeds is free of mucus; the sterilizing solution is a 50-fold dilution of 50% sodium chlorate.

c. After irradiating the seeds soaked in step b with ultraviolet light for 10 minutes, soak them in a 20 mg/L salicylic acid solution for 6 hours; put the seeds into an ultrasonic cleaner for ultrasonic treatment for 30 minutes, and control temperature fluctuations during treatment Within 3°C.

d. Wrap seeds with a wet towel soaked in gibberellin, germination agent and plant growth regulator, the mass fraction of gibberellin is 0.07%, and the thickness of the package is 1cm; put into 21 ℃ incubator and store for 10 days, then Set the temperature of the incubator at 2°C and store for 15 days; the germination agent includes the following raw materials by weight: 2 grams of nano-silver, 1 gram of nano-titanium oxide, 0.6 grams of tourmaline, 0.4 grams of bamboo carbon, 1 gram of zeolite and 2 grams of phosphate rock .

(2) Nursing

a. Preparation of seedling substrate

First, humus, vermiculite, garden soil and pig manure are mixed in a weight ratio of 5:3:2:2 to prepare a seedling substrate, and the seedling substrate is mixed evenly for use; then chitosan oligosaccharide, sodium decane sulfonate and Sodium p-hydroxybenzoate is added to the seedling-growing substrate at a weight ratio of 80:1:20, mixed and stirred evenly; then 0.2% thiophanate-methyl solution is evenly sprayed on the seedling-raising substrate for sterilizing treatment.

b. Sowing seedlings

Sow the seeds treated in step (1) into the seedling medium, the row spacing of sowing is 10cm, and the plant spacing is 5cm; after covering the soil, spray the soil surface with 600 times liquid of new high-fat film, and cover the sunshade net to avoid being irradiated by strong light and keep The moisture content of the seedling substrate is 60%; the control light intensity is 1200LX, the light time is 8 hours/day, and the temperature is 15°C.

In the above step (1), the distance between the ultraviolet lamp and the seedling seed is 60-70cm, and the power is 40-60W.

In the above step (2), the nutrient solution is evenly sprayed into the seedling raising substrate, and the preparation method of the nutrient solution is as follows:

a. mixing NAA with a concentration of 0.3ppm, indolebutyric acid with a concentration of 0.3-0.5ppm and zeatin with a concentration of 0.2ppm to obtain a mixed solution;

b. adding a concentration of 5% ethanol solution to the mixed solution and set the volume to 1L, and make it into a nutrient solution mother solution for subsequent use;

c. Dissolve 10ml of nutrient solution mother solution and 2g of Ca(NO ₃ ) ₂ in 10L of water to obtain the nutrient solution.

In the above step (2), the nutrient solution is sprayed into the seedling raising substrate every 2 days after sowing.

Example 3

A method for raising seedlings that improves the survival rate of seedlings, comprising the following steps:

(1) Seed treatment

a. Blanch the seeds in warm water at 53°C for 13 minutes, stirring continuously to remove impurities and shriveled seeds;

b. Soak the seeds in a sterilizing solution for 4 hours, take them out, and wash them with water until the seedlings have no mucus on their skins;

c. After irradiating the seeds soaked in step b with an ultraviolet lamp for 15 minutes, soak them in a 30 mg/L salicylic acid solution for 5 hours;

d. Wrap the seeds with a wet towel soaked in gibberellin, germination agent and plant growth regulator, the thickness of the package is 1.3cm; put it into an incubator at 24°C for 10 days, then set the temperature of the incubator at 3°C, store 15 days;

(2) Nursing

a. Preparation of seedling substrate

First, humus, vermiculite, garden soil and pig manure are mixed in a weight ratio of 5:3:2:2 to prepare a seedling substrate, and the seedling substrate is mixed evenly for use; then chitosan oligosaccharide, sodium decane sulfonate and Sodium p-hydroxybenzoate is added to the seedling-growing substrate at a weight ratio of 80:1:20, mixed and stirred evenly; then 0.2% thiophanate-methyl solution is evenly sprayed on the seedling-raising substrate for sterilizing treatment.

b. Sowing seedlings

Sow the seeds treated in step (1) into the seedling medium, the row spacing of sowing is 13cm, and the plant spacing is 4cm; after covering the soil, spray the soil surface with 700 times liquid of new high-fat film, and cover the sunshade net to avoid being irradiated by strong light and keep The moisture content of the seedling substrate is 65%; the control light intensity is 1300LX, the light time is 8 hours/day, and the temperature is 18°C.

The sterilizing solution in the above step (1) is a 50-fold dilution of 50% sodium chlorate.

In the above step (1), after the completion of step c, put the seeds in an ultrasonic cleaner for ultrasonic treatment for 50 minutes, and control the temperature fluctuation within 3°C during the treatment.

In the above step (1), the mass fraction of gibberellin is 0.07%.

In the above step (1), the germination agent includes the following raw materials by weight: 3 grams of nano-silver, 1.5 grams of nano-titanium oxide, 1.3 grams of tourmaline, 0.8 grams of bamboo carbon, 1.5 grams of zeolite and 3 grams of phosphate rock.

In the above step (1), the distance between the ultraviolet lamp and the seedling seed is 65cm, and the power is 50W.

In the above step (2), the nutrient solution is evenly sprayed into the seedling raising substrate, and the preparation method of the nutrient solution is as follows:

a. be that the naphthalene acetic acid of concentration is 0.4ppm, the indolebutyric acid that concentration is 0.4ppm and the zeatin that concentration is 0.2ppm mix, obtain mixed solution;

b. adding a concentration of 5% ethanol solution to the mixed solution and set the volume to 1L, and make it into a nutrient solution mother solution for subsequent use;

c. Dissolve 10ml of nutrient solution mother solution and 2.5g of Ca(NO ₃ ) ₂ in 10L of water to obtain the nutrient solution.

In the above step (2), the nutrient solution is sprayed into the seedling raising substrate every 2.5 days after sowing.

Example 4

Below is the comparative experiment of the inventive method and the common seedling raising method: pick out 500 at random from the same batch of nursery stock seeds, be divided into two groups on average at random, these two groups of seeds adopt the inventive method and common seedling raising method to carry out seedling raising respectively, other seedling raising The conditions are the same, and the experimental data for observing the seedling raising situation are as follows:

Experimental results The method of the invention common seedling raising method Germination rate after 3 days 99% 75% Average number of roots after 5 days 18 pcs 5 Prevalence 0.5% 16% Seedling index 1.1 0.8 Chlorophyll content (mg g ^-1 FW) 2.5 2 Root activity (ugg ^-1 ·h ^-1 ) 96 90

Among them, the strong seedling index = (stem diameter/plant height) X dry weight of the whole plant X100;

The chlorophyll content was determined by the extraction method of acetone-ethanol mixture;

Root activity was determined by triphenyltetrazolium chloride method.

From the experimental results, it can be concluded that: adopting the method provided by the invention to raise seedlings, the germination rate of seedlings is high, the seedling growth index is high, the chlorophyll content is high, the root system vigor is large, and the disease rate is low.

The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, for those skilled in the art, it can still be described in the foregoing embodiments. modify the technical solution, or replace some of the technical features in an equivalent manner. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. a kind of method for culturing seedlings for improving plant percent, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：

（1）Seed treatment

A. seed is put into 50-55 DEG C of warm water and scalds kind of a 10-15min, be during which stirred continuously, reject impurity therein and flat Seed；

B. take out, cleaned with clear water, until the epidermis of nursery stock seed is without mucus after being soaked seed 3-5 hours with disinfection solution；

C. after the seed soaked in step b is irradiated 10-20 minutes with ultraviolet lamp, the bigcatkin willow for being 20-40mg/L with concentration Acid solution soaks 4-6 hours；

D. with the wet towel parcel seed for being soaked with gibberellin, germinator and plant growth regulator, the thickness of parcel is 1- 1.5cm；The insulating box for being put into 21-26 DEG C is stored 10 days, and it is 2-4 DEG C then to set calorstat temperature, is stored 15 days；

（2）Nursery

A. seedling medium is prepared

First by fertile soil, vermiculite, garden mould and pig manure by weight 5: 3: 2: 2 ratio mixed preparing seedling mediums, by nursery base Matter is well mixed stand-by；Then chitosan oligosaccharide, decane sulfonate and P-hydroxybenzoic acid sodium are pressed 80：1：20 weight is educated than addition In seedling matrix, it is mixed evenly；Uniformly it is sprayed on seedling medium, is carried out at sterilization with 0.2% thiophanate methyl solution again Reason；

B. seeding and seedling raising

Step will be passed through（1）The seed of processing is sown into the seedling medium, the line-spacing 10-15cm of sowing, spacing in the rows 3-5cm；Cover With 600-800 times of liquid spraying soil surface of new high fat film after soil, and cover sunshade net, it is to avoid by strong illumination, keep nursery The moisture of matrix is in 60-70%；It is 1200-1400LX to control intensity of illumination, and light application time is 8 hours/day, and temperature is 15- 20℃。

2. a kind of method for culturing seedlings for improving plant percent according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step（1） Middle disinfection solution is 50% 50 times of dilutions of sodium chlorate.

3. a kind of method for culturing seedlings for improving plant percent according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step（1） In, after the completion of step c, seed is put into ultrasonically treated 30-60min in ultrasonic cleaner, temperature fluctuation is controlled during processing Within 3 DEG C.

4. a kind of method for culturing seedlings for improving plant percent according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step（1） In, the mass fraction of gibberellin is 0.07%.

5. a kind of method for culturing seedlings for improving plant percent according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step（1） In, germinator includes following raw material：2-4 parts of Nano Silver, 1-2 parts of nano-titanium oxide, 0.6-2 parts of tourmaline, bamboo carbon 2-4 parts of 0.4-1 parts, 1-2 parts of zeolite and rock phosphate in powder.

6. a kind of method for culturing seedlings for improving plant percent according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step（1） In, distance when ultraviolet lamp irradiates with nursery stock seed is 60-70cm, and power is 40-60W.

7. a kind of method for culturing seedlings for improving plant percent according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step（2） In, uniform into seedling medium to spray nutrient solution, the preparation method of the nutrient solution is：

A. by the methyl α-naphthyl acetate that concentration is 0.3-0.5ppm, the jade that the indolebutyric acid and concentration that concentration is 0.3-0.5ppm are 0.2ppm Rice element mixing, obtains mixed liquor；

B. into the mixed liquor add concentration for 5% ethanol solution and be settled to 1L, be made into nutrient solution mother liquor standby；

C. take 10ml nutrient solutions mother liquor to be dissolved in 10L water with 2-3gCa (NO3) 2, obtain the nutrient solution.

8. a kind of method for culturing seedlings for improving plant percent according to claim 7, it is characterised in that the step（2） In, the nutrient solution was after planting sprayed into seedling medium every 2-3 days time.